CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija

College of Engineering
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

REINFORCED CONCRETE
SLABS
INTRODUCTION
 ONE WAY SLAB
Moment Coefficients:
a) Two spans which is supported by spandrel b) Two spans supported by columns on
beams on both sides. both ends.
 ONE WAY SLAB
c) More than 3 or more spans which is d) More than 3 or more spans which is
supported by beams at both ends. supported by columns at both ends.
 ONE WAY SLAB
Concrete cover not less than 20 mm at surfaces not exposed to weather or ground.

Spacing of Main reinforcement

Spacing shall not be more than 3 times slab thickness nor 450 mm.

Temperature and Shrinkage Reinforcement

A decrease in temperature and shrinkage stresses is likely to cause hairline cracks. It is the main reason why
reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses are provided in structural slab.
ONE WAY SLAB
 TWO WAY SLAB
B. Two Way Slab
When the slab is supported on all four sides and the ratio of length L is less than twice the width, the slab is
referred to as two way slab. The two way slab will deflect in two directions and the loads on the slab are
transferred to all four supports.

FOUR TYPES OF TWO-WAY SLAB

1) FLAT PLATES - This is a two way slab which is most suitable for spans 6 m. to 7.6 m. and live loads between
2.9 kPa and 4.8 kPa. They are widely used in building either as reinforced or pre stressed concrete slab.

There are two advantages of adopting a flat

plate floor system:
a) They have low-cost forms work, exposed
flat ceilings and time construction is faster
than other types.
b) They have low shear capacity and relatively
low stiffness which may cause smaller
deflection.
 TWO WAY SLAB
2) FLAT SLABS - This slab is most suitable for spans 3) SLAB ON BEAMS - This type of two-way slab is
of 6 m. to 9 m. and for live loads of 3,8 kPa to suitable for spans between 6 m. and 9 m. and live
7.2 kPa. It uses more form work than flat plates. loads of 2.8 kPa. to 5.8 kPa. Additional formwork for
In most cases, only drop panels without column beams is needed. The supporting beam increases
capital used. the stiffness of the slab, thus producing low
deflection.
 TWO WAY SLAB
4) WAFFLE SLAB - This type of two-way slab are suitable for spans 9 m. to 15 m. and live loads of 3.84 kPa to
5.8 kPa. Additional formwork including the use of pans is quite expensive. The advantages of this type of
two-way slab is that they can carry heavier loads that flat plates and they have attractive exposed ceilings.
 TWO WAY SLAB
TWO METHODS FOR THE DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB:

1) Direct Design Method

This is an appropriate method for analysis and design of two-way slabs. This is limited to slabs
subjected to uniformly distributed loads and supported nearly equally spaced columns. This
method uses a set of coefficients to determine the design moments at critical section.

2) Equivalent Frame Method

This method is used wherein a three dimensional building is divided into series of two-
dimensional equivalent frames by dividing the building along lines midway between columns.
 TWO WAY SLAB
❶ For slab without interior beams spanning between the support having a ratio of long to
short span not greater than 2, the mm thickness shall not exceed less than

1) Slabs without drop panels……………………………………………………………125 mm

2) Slabs with drop panels…………………………………………………………………100 mm

❷ For slabs with beams spanning between the supports on all sides, the minimum thickness
shall be as follows:

1) For αfm ( average value of αp for all beams on edges of a panel) equal to or less than
0.20, the thickness shall not be less than 125 mm for slab without drop panels and
100mm for slabs with drop panels.
Where αf = the ratio of flexural stiffness of beam section to flexural stiffness of a width
of slab, bounded laterally by center line of adjacent panel if any, on one side of beam.
TWO WAY SLAB
 TWO WAY SLAB
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF SLAB WITHOUT INTERIOR BEAMS
 TWO WAY SLAB
ANALYSIS BY COEEFICIENT METHOD
Ms = Cs w LS2 ---- (moment along short direction)
Mb = Cb w Lb2 ---- (moment along long direction)

Cs and Cb = tabulated moment coefficients from table

w = uniform load kN/m2

Ls = length of clear span in short direction

Lb = length of clear span in long direction

Moments at the column strip is only 1/3 of the

midspan moments.
Coefficients for
Negative Moments in
Slabs +

Ma. neg. = Ca. neg. Wla2

Mb. neg. = Cb. neg. Wlb2

where w = total uniform

dead plus live load

+ A Crosshatched edge
indicates that the slab
continues across, or is fixed
at the support; an
unmarked edge indicates a
support at which torsional
resistance is negligible.
Coefficients for
Dead-Load Positive
Moments in Slabs +

Ma. pos. dl. = Ca. dl. Wla2

Mb. pos. dl. = Cb. dl. Wlb2

where w = total uniform

dead plus live load

+ A Crosshatched edge
indicates that the slab
continues across, or is fixed
at the support; an
unmarked edge indicates a
support at which torsional
resistance is negligible.
Coefficients for Ratio Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9
Live-Load Positive
Moments in Slabs + 1.00 Ca. ll. 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.032 0.028 0.03
Cb. ll. 0.036 0.027 0.027 0.032 0.027 0.032 0.035 0.03 0.028
0.95 Ca. ll. 0.040 0.030 0.03 0.035 0.034 0.038 0.036 0.03 0.032
Ma. pos. ll. = Ca. dl. Wla2
Cb. ll. 0.033 0.025 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.029 0.032 0.027 0.025
0.90 Ca. ll. 0.045 0.034 0.034 0.039 0.037 0.042 0.040 0.035 0.036
Mb. pos. ll. = Cb. dl. Wlb2
Cb. ll. 0.029 0.022 0.022 0.026 0.021 0.025 0.029 0.024 0.022
where w = total uniform 0.85 Ca. ll. 0.050 0.037 0.037 0.043 0.041 0.046 0.045 0.040 0.039
dead plus live load Cb. ll. 0.026 0.019 0.019 0.023 0.019 0.022 0.026 0.022 0.02
0.80 Ca. ll. 0.056 0.041 0.041 0.048 0.044 0.051 0.05 0.044 0.042
Cb. ll. 0.023 0.017 0.017 0.020 0.016 0.019 0.023 0.09 0.017
0.75 Ca. ll. 0.061 0.045 0.045 0.052 0.047 0.055 0.056 0.046 0.0046
Cb. ll. 0.019 0.014 0.014 0.016 0.013 0.016 0.020 0.016 0.013
0.70 Ca. ll. 0.068 0.049 0.049 0.057 0.051 0.06 0.063 0.054 0.05
Cb. ll. 0.016 0.012 0.012 0.014 0.011 0.013 0.017 0.014 0.011
0.65 Ca. ll. 0.074 0.053 0.053 0.062 0.055 0.064 0.070 0.059 0.054
+ A Crosshatched edge Cb. ll. 0.013 0.01 0.01 0.011 0.009 0.01 0.014 0.011 0.009
indicates that the slab 0.60 Ca. ll. 0.081 0.058 0.058 0.067 0.059 0.068 0.077 0.065 0.059
continues across, or is fixed Cb. ll. 0.01 0.007 0.007 0.009 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.009 0.007
at the support; an 0.55 Ca. ll. 0.088 0.062 0.062 0.072 0.063 0.073 0.085 0.07 0.063
unmarked edge indicates a Cb. ll. 0.008 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.009 0.007 0.006
support at which torsional 0.50 Ca. ll. 0.095 0.066 0.066 0.077 0.067 0.078 0.092 0.076 0.067
resistance is negligible. Cb. ll. 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.004
 Ratio Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9

1.00 Wa 0.50 0.50 0.17 0.50 0.83 0.71 0.29 0.33 0.67
Wb 0.50 0.50 0.83 0.50 0.17 0.29 0.71 0.67 0.33
0.95 Wa 0.550 0.55 0.2 0.550 0.86 0.75 0.33 0.38 0.71
Wb 0.45 0.45 0.8 0.45 0.14 0.25 0.67 0.62 0.29
0.90 Wa 0.60 0.60 0.23 0.60 0.88 0.79 0.38 0.43 0.75
Wb 0.40 0.40 0.77 0.40 0.12 0.21 0.62 0.57 0.25
0.85 Wa 0.66 0.66 0.28 0.66 0.90 0.83 0.43 0.49 0.79
Wb 0.34 0.34 0.72 0.34 0.10 0.17 0.57 0.51 0.21
0.80 Wa 0.71 0.71 0.33 0.71 0.92 0.86 0.49 0.55 0.83
Wb. 0.29 0.29 0.67 0.29 0.08 0.14 0.51 0.45 0.17
0.75 Wa 0.76 0.76 0.39 0.76 0.94 0.88 0.56 0.61 0.83
+ A Crosshatched Wb. 0.24 0.24 0.6 0.24 0.06 0.12 0.44 0.39 0.14
edge indicates that 0.70 Wa 0.81 0.81 0.56 0.81 0.95 0.91 0.52 0.68 0.89
the slab continues Wb 0.19 0.19 0.55 0.19 0.05 0.09 0.38 0.32 0.11
across, or is fixed at 0.65 Wa 0.85 0.85 0.053 0.85 0.96 0.93 0.69 0.74 0.92
the support; an Wb 0.15 0.15 0.47 0.15 0.04 0.07 0.31 0.26 0.08
unmarked edge 0.60 Wa 0.89 0.89 0.61 0.89 0.97 0.95 0.76 0.80 0.94
indicates a support Wb 0.11 0.11 0.39 0.11 0.03 0.05 0.24 0.20 0.06
at which torsional 0.55 Wa 0.92 0.92 0.69 0.92 0.98 0.96 0.81 0.85 0.95
resistance is Wb 0.08 0.08 0.31 0.08 0.02 0.04 0.19 0.15 0.05
negligible. 0.50 Wa. 0.94 0.94 0.76 0.94 0.99 0.97 0.86 0.89 0.97
Wb 0.06 0.06 0.24 0.006 0.01 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.03