SAP2000 V 15 Hands On Training
Uploaded by
clam2014SAP2000 V 15 Hands On Training
Uploaded by
clam2014Otte CD
Choo, June Shyan P. E.
MSCE, MPW, BSCE
M.ASCE (USA), M.SEI (USA), MIES, MSSSS
Date: 11th & 12th December 2012 ( Tue & Wed )
Time: 9:00 am - 5:00 pm
Venue : 1 Pemimpin Drive, #10-11 One Pemimpin
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
By
Choo, June Shyan P.E.
Otte International Pte Ltd
[ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
r Training Outline Otte<D
L Day 1: Day 2:
Session 1: 9:00am - 10:30am Session 1: 9:00am -10:30am
Introduction to SAP2000 & GUI Steel structures analysis & design
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I Session 2: 10:50am -12:00pm Session 2: 10:50am -12:00pm
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Understanding SAP2000 objects Modeling a Factory Building
(RC & Steel)
Session 3: 1:00pm - 3:00pm
Modeling Frame system Session 3: 1:00pm-3:00pm
SAP2000 to SAFE integrations
Session 4: 3:20pm -5:00pm
Modeling Slab & Wall system Session 4: 3:20pm -5:00pm
Sequential Construction Analysis
Q&A: 5:00pm - 5:20pm Other Advance Analysis
Q&A: 5:00pm -5:20pm
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
SAP2000 OVERVIEW
OtteCD
Computers and Structures Inc. Software
/AP
General Structures
ETAB/ /AFE ' !
Buildings RC Slab/ raft
Powered By
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t.;noo, June :snyan I-' .t:.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
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' CSI - Computer & Structures Inc.
• CSl's ETABS Awarded the
"Top Seismic Product
of the 20th Century"
by
- Applied Technology Council (ATC)
- Engineering News Record {ENR)
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OtteCD
rL CSI - Computer & Structures Inc.
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 3 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
CSI - Computer & Structures Inc.
OtteCD
Introduction to SAP2000
111 SAP - Structural Analysis Program
111 Ultimate, Advanced and Plus
111 A general purpose Finite Element software for the linear,
nonlinear, static and dynamic, analysis and design of i
I_
Structures
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Lnoo, June :snyan P.I::. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
OPEN APPLICATION PROGRAMING INTERFACE (OAPI)
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r Examples SAP2000's model OtteCD
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! Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 5 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte CD
SAP2000 Elements
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Otte(i)
Frame Sections
Section Properties
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec ,12)
[ OtteCD
I Tendon Elements
Tendon Elements
r''''".'s''· - ---- --------- - (_,.,,..,,;_,,,_,
,,,_,,,_
/c,,,,4*
~ _,,,#-
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OtteCD
Cable Elements
Cable Elements
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Link Elements
rl
l.
link Elements
'Y="""""'-·
""""""'~~ ''""'"'
;m,,,,,s=
,~ssµ}=i
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Hinge Properties OtteCD
Hinge Properties
'
~
"""-""h,,,..c-~,,,,
Vdtc«'M
'',,("'h-
'h&-,'sf,,-,.,,,;90,
c--------
'le-J''""
.
Vi
,_,,,,_,,
'.<;trn,
@;ill He''"'""""'
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
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Built-in Section Designer
Section Designer
11111
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Frame Elements Otte(D
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Frame Elements
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Shell Elements OtteCD
Shell Elements
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OtteCD
Solid Elements
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Solid Elements
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c;noo, June :::;nyan 1-'.I:.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Loadings
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l Loading OtteCD
Automatic Code Based Wind Loading
f7-4c,~¥<ifW"""G¢'~ W;-4(¢¢,,,,,t,
-, t*""'"'k""'-"'"'"<1?,µr"""-'<•~ t>-"4k~h:4
r t,v:,;0S>~h,,.~,w1,.,t1*"" (,v-,f~~
I
l,$&%Mf>i:.br
"'rlf"®,.r,,,_,,, ho«tV>ulflJMyM
Vd/"'<¢;;,Jqk fr_,n,-1,,
L
;,,',w,,i(s04 (!"!l--~= bo<>,"'*e r °'"°'
,-~j(~f" ksJ:&0eh•"*'·
t= l"Ji0. 14Vq,V%
<!fl>01;GO'.f/'tif001
'11l<0 i,0::t ldh'~ HJ
f fij0RGtjel
'r-,,,,r"'"J.4 "-'"qi I
L tw,1#(,<,0
,.i:::•±J
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 11 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Loading
Automatic Code Based Seismic loading
VM~s-,.,,r4{,.-hq,.fc~&;
., Ott~Yl"-
f' Gt$YHW=
l--1VMf>t">'""fi"7'
,,r,.q.,,1',-
,~ 'J=fwl"..; %,L.&e,.,,f,
t"'™"""f f0
(.;bjn;l(;,~-;
f.w,:;-, u:-i;.p,--:,;·r~-,, ;l'1:i'!--
r..--W-$1' t;~
~/)e=;,~,-;.q,
tef;,s@".~->'mt1
~W"f"*'"·-'"'";
23
OtteCD
Loading
Wave load Generation
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Gnoo, June ::;nyan P.t:. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
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Analysis
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r General Analysis Details
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Analysis
I' '
'
Response Spectrum Analysis
__ . _
,
y,,_,
""''*"'"""'L°"'"-"
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OtteCD
Analysis
Buckling Analysis
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cnoo, June :snyan 1-'.1:., SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
\
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Analysis
Time History Analysis
'"""""'
·> 1,a,,,,;;,,,_,N.,,;
;, ""-~f,,,,;e,,,,'*"'
(,;,,...,t,,;,,;t'Wid/ _,,/*«fi:>< J
l,.,-~-§,-47"
29
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¥ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
L
OtteCD
Analysis
Tension and Compression only Springs
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Analysis
P-Delta Analysis (large and small)
31
OtteCD
Analysis
Pushover Analysis
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Analysis OtteCD
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Staged Construction
--
~
••
-•
••
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1.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OtteCD
Analysis
Concrete Shrinkage and Time Dependent Creep Analysis
1I
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"""f0i-,,s;;'f?
Ci '~'"'PW'
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
MEMBER DESIGN
35
OtteCD
Design
Steel Frame Design
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c;noo, June tinyan P.t:. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
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Design
Concrete Frame Design
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Design
Aluminum Frame Design
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Design
Cold Formed Frame Design
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OtteCD
OUTPUT
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Output OtteCD
Deformed Geometry
Undeformed Geit.'nwlry
r "
Oofommd Gc-Qf!10:!ry
41
OtteCD
Output
Moment, Sheer and Axial Force. Diagrams
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Output
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Section Cuts
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OtteCD
Output
Video Animations with Time Varying Results
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
[ Output
Report Generator
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Otte(D
[
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' SAP2000 GUI
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
SAP2000 v15 GUI
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Drawing Tools OtteCD
- - - ~ Selection Pointer
Reshape Object Tool
Draw Node
--~s, Draw Frame
" Quick Draw Frame
- - ~ " Draw Brace
Draw Secondary Beams
Draw Shell
~
-~,, Draw Solid
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L;noo, June snyan P.t:. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Selection & Snapping Tools
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" Select All
,;ec11---" Previous Selection
clri.,.,,,_ __,_ Clear Selection
1$-ll•I - - ~ , . Select by Crossing Line
<
" ' - - ~ , Snap to grid Intersections and Points
I• m---~ Snap to Line Ends and Mid Points
I ~: Snap to Intersections
-I• Snap to Perpendicular Projections
H " Snap to Line and Edges
Snap to Fine Grid
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OtteCD
Modes of Interface
• Select - Default ~
L::J
• Draw [O .
f
I.
- Draw Point Objects
- Draw Line Objects
- Draw Area Objects
- Draw Special Items
Copyright© 2012, All Rights Reserved. 25 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Selecting Objects in SAP2000
Drag from left to right
• Selects all objects
windowed
Drag from right to left
• Selects all objects
crossed
OtteCD
Others Useful Editing Tools
• Replicate u-- ! 1hh1 ! ti"" !
locw-=!, Fl,rl/:*>0<1,orn
dt r:;---
<V ~
<J. ~ r OAA(hon,I0\1><1,
W..-,¢COOl"lclP..,.,..wtt,>.YP!mo
,1 lo-- y1 ro--
,a r- y2 r-
,--- 1--
Jc~D>ll Rqk"MO;f.,,,....,
11,;,oor-
Ar.fe ~
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c;noo, June tinyan I-' .I=. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
{ ., Otte(D
I Others Useful Editing Tools
r
ln!..- rtla! f M,wr--<'.l
~f,,M!edO'cr:H
..!]jmo - .::J
• Extrude d.
•
~
r,--
~
r
d,
!ls.rt,,, r-
-Types
• Point to Line
• Line to Area
• Area to Solid
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l
- Options
• Linear il"tJ,<11).r,,,,d
,..,,,._,o.,~
• i;-
• Radial • r,--
r
d: ~-
• Advanced ti-..<ehl r-
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Others Useful Editing Tools
l.
• Extend/Trim
r-' TrirnFrame:
r Exler.cl Fi.arr.es
i
t
f
I • Re-shaper
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 27 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
GUI & Model-Alive
Tutorial- Familiar with GUI and Model-
Alive with a Simple Steel Truss
Model-Alive OtteCD
Forces (Axial Load) updating automatically and instantly!
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Work Flow in SAP2000
• Setup Database Units
• Define Grids Cartesian, cylindrical, fromAUTOCAD
• Define Mate ria Is e.g. concrete stee1 definitions
• Define Sections e.g. beam, columns, wa11, slab
• Define Load Pattern e.g. dead 1oad, nve 1oad, wind ioad
• Define Load Cases e.g.Static,Multi-StepStatic,modal
• Draw Object and Elements
!
I • Apply Loadings
• Run Analysis
r • Run Design
• Review Results
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t OtteCD
Database Units
!
l 1" unit used is the Database Unit!
l ii
I•
Good Practice : Set your database
>1 units before defining your model!
·I•
I•
ii)'
I
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 29 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Grids/Coordinate Systems OtteCD
• Global Rectangular System
• Additional Coordinate Systems
- Rectangular
- Cylindrical
- General
• Local 1-2-3 Coordinate Systems
- Line Objects
- Area Objects
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Coordinates Otte(D
• Types
- Rectangular
- Cylindrical
- General
,:) C: )(
J ·v i
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 30 Otte International Pte Ltd
Gnoo, June onyan I-' .1:.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Ways to generate grids OtteCD
• Create in SAP2000
-Template
- User-defined
• Import from Architectural drawing(* .dxf)
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!I - Select appropriate layer
- Watch out for the correct units
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Define Coordinates/Grids OtteCD
Udb
~ M.JHNJr,t- I
~011«s;,1 ... r
f ,-qi;,;1~Si;£i opici,(:_-J
l. ' (bi!.u-,
' Oc.0.Stort
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lrnTJT"
p,,,,,4'"/
r;,,..,,,.
12 f',,,w; r 1!4'! Al G.-.J L~,
m Fl,,...,. r GMk>G>dtrm
(;,di() ; il,&we : C'itUot<l¢
Zl s ' o -- (rd
"'
Z3
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fi~
l'\"'»i
sr,,w
Si»e, ,_,
'"'
z, 3 f'l,c,4ry Show fo:l
Zi 12 f't<'-Y/ $!,o,,,
'"'
t
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 31 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Global Axes of Model Otte©
• X- 0 Degree
• Y - 90 Degree
• z- Vertical Up
i/ i
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fl
Otte©
Define Material & Sections Properties
111 Material Properties
111 Frame Section Properties
111 Wall & Slab Section properties
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1..,1100, .Jur1e .::,riyan t' .c.. tiAl-'£UUU v10 Hancrs-on I rammg (11, 12 uec '12)
Material Properties OtteCD
• Define>Material Properties> ...
Concrete C30 Steel 5275
M!i•Milllw,ou.dOii:b;Cclc<
Mo!,m/T~
Weiji.crdM~H
WwJiN1Ur.tVclurm, We,;Jlt«UMV;;A.u, lw.m,C
Ump,!<UnlVdm'si Ma.:~UMVCW"
IIW*"1f'l~'70cl&
u,:1,;..,, cl fli'%tJ. E
P<i<110.';B0Jio, U
PsxcY.. Cwfeom cl Thm>IJ E,µ,",W.<>_ A
!1wn:m %u,M».k G
01-..i P,~;fo1SkclHdeMk
14,-;,,-...,,y,e1JStm,.Fy
H.--TU>lkS~~n.fo
rnw:roYdJ%w.fy,,
[Nm,,,~ TMm Stt-ss. foo
[ r SwkhToA-1.>¥>::Nf'l~O,e;lcy
-'-'-'
r SwkhloM,Jine:MP,~O~PV
-'-'-'
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OtteCD
Material Properties {Advanced)
Time-Dependent (Stage Construction Add-on)
Concrete C40
l=O~T.!« C!Cfi/>P:,,n-.;l«:
/O CTSflPSO C.,,.-'°'t Tw,,, C,idh:>1,I
C
lltlWn Hc,,d!·t l:
-
ltMD"ff'"d«">C$Ccrvd.,dfci 1/~~<a.h
!c«ae!<!
!I,~
iJ
-=1
f1 C<:q:,,~,tM!$Um¢,i!lrrlSMlro,,1
1Mo1J:nclEh,u.11J
S!t#-*~·lll,; ,,"
Stu<'.ey,S!s1<!A);,f&r>J ,0
9 (,IMP
w $hw-'>;n
Ct«?AMl-;M 1)'0
r,; f<A!r/$(1n::,"I
,~. D1dh! 1«m Wlh
H~d[WN.?J Wo,;JlmdM~s,
[ [~-·--· W,:,jli:<<Ur.lVdr'°'
Htsi~ll,Jl/d,fr,t,
Ge.., fW0f\$1 kl C""""'*' 1-l!J,e;J,
~t-<cl;ed ec,,,,;;tlo c,,..,.,,~,,,... tw¢. r,
r t,ji:m,,j-tC«s:«I~
,--- ~--·-=
,-;,....:,,.;·
Coo'! d T"""4E-A<,
A i'J.')t(:€-0'.i · -
H,a.,Hw.h
p:0~ A-.W"1C<'J!Wer;,lf'i<W7[h!a
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 33 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Properties OtteCD
• Define>Frame Properties> ...
CS0l400
U!l121'~:JiX13
IJS1SZ,~-S,1G
l!D17lhln!<19
U02\ll.11W-'2l
uam<1n-.;;,ss
US2Dl"<13l<30
ua.t"~OZ>cu
U!l2"A{l(;ZG
LIB:s(<;;(C<UJ
US2SW4-S,(tt
67
Frame Properties Otte(D
• Example:
Creating concrete rectangular section
Click> Add Rectangular
..:!:JjAG15G1W
..:!JjAG15G160
Section Hamo leoo>.<<O<l Oeti9fl Type
Sectootl«e: r. CrAimn (P¥1W3 Oeng,;J
I Belllll (MJ De:191 Orb;}
Fiope!liel Piope1ly Modiieo Utiteii!JI
Sedioo F'1~ties Sctl,!o&,en ..!]Jc,o , Rcinlc:,w.en! Con/igA&t:n Coofw.rr-,( Bar:
(.i fl«IWQ.W !O Tm
Oiment>Jffi r Gro.lar C'
Oeplh [tJ) !o.a
~8M$·lkcctq.hrC«/gJ~
\\fdh [t21 !o.4 CleuC.:r,'tlfoiC,:;,-l~Bei: =,----
thn-J.:.ei ol l,;r,g,t 81111,t,long l& F4>:¢
tloobel cl u:mJi! 8,n P.!ort.) 24' F.xe
Loog,i.u&MI Be, Size
Cod.-,e:rierJ Ben
CuJ.v.mer~ Blll Size
l u ~ Sr,4eng ofC<dr.emw,t 81,11 [O 15
t/umb{1o/C<,rl~8¢1:J03ifr c-----
t1urriu1 clCufntmtri Billa> 2-dr
ChedJOengn
r flerlcrcerr.eritolx!Checked
r. flulcretr,,rol.\o bo Dti,Jned
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights ReseNed. 34 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Non-prismatic Member
Nonprismatic
• Non-prismatic frame sections may be defined
with the properties varying along the element
length.
• The variation of the bending stiffness may be
linear, parabolic, or cubic over each segment of
length.
• The axial, shear, torsional, mass, and weight
(""
I properties all vary linearly over each segment
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Otte(D
Non-prismatic Member
• Section's depth varies from 900mm to
600mm to 900mm
• l=(bh 3 )/12
• El 33 is Cubic
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 35 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Non-prismatic Section
Tutorial-Defining a Non-prismatic Section
71
OtteCD
Non-prismatic Section
•Define a B600x300 and a B900x300 Section
•Define a Non-Prismatic Section
Define>Sections Properties>Frame Sections ... Frame Section Property Type>Other,Nonprismatic Section
Nonp,ismatic Section Name INP89S9
Section Notes Modify/Show NoteL
Length Length Type E133Variation El22Vaiiation
jAh:olule ..:J ib!tliil..:J June~
lnterl j Modly I Defe!e
Cmcel
72
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 36 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r OtteCD
!
Creating a Default Definitions
Tutorial- Defining a Default SOB
OtteCD
Defaults .SDB
• Materials (Define>Materials)
ft
Steel 5275, 5355
! Reinforcement T460, R250
Concrete C30, C40
[
• Frame Sections (Define>Section Properties>Frame Sections)
- B600x300,B900x300,C800x300
I-Sections, SHS
[,_ • Area Sections (Define>Section Properties>Area Sections)
- 5200 (RC), W300 (RC)
- 5005 (Steel)
• Loading (Define>Load Patterns)
- Load Patterns (DEAD, LIVE, WIND, NOTIONAL)
r
I -
• Design Codes
B55950 (Design>Steel Frame Design>View/Revise Preferences)
- CP65 (B58110) (Design>Concrete Frame Design>View/Revise Preferences)
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 37 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Section Designer Section
Tutorial-Defining a SD Section
75
OtteCD
Section Designer Frame Section
• Example:
Diamond Shape Column with encased I-Beam Section Designe1
µ C...-4>f,;I, C;,;
r1""'"-~-"'0~ fj-T-gj p...,
~g,..,u,,,
,.,,,.,,
-2:J..'::'.:.l"n/rnij
<- '8,,C,v,(0,Fl,e.b,
,. ~;=,fi.,,,V..;,>dP=JI,
76
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 38 Otte International Pte Ltd
c..:noo, June snyan P.I::. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Wall & Slab Properties OtteCD
f
'
• Define>Define Area Section Nome
Di:pl&J Cclot
r.- Std· Tim
(' Shel• Tl\kk
r Alte, Tim
r Ptaie Thick
r Merrbaoe
! r Std· l~ed/tladne¥
Add Copy of Sir-1.>on
Mod7y/Show Sec!icn .
D,!ct, S«lion I:
r· o, 1
0.-<cl I
Slilfrwu Modfieu l
Set Mooiren .. _ j j
I
f'
I 77
r•-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Loadings OtteCD
• Load Pattern (Load Case)
• Load Combination
- User Defined
- Design Load Combination Automatic
1
L Generated
• Load Cases (Analysis Case)
I
78
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 39 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Load Pattern Otte©
• Self, Dead, Imposed Dead
• Live, Reduced Live
• Earthquake
• Wind
• Snow
• Wave
"
l
79
'l
I,
t' ;!
Otte©
Load Cases (Analysis Case}
• Static
• Multi-Step Static
• Modal
• Response Spectrum
• Time History
• Moving Loads
• Buckling
80
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 40 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
SAP2000 Objects
81
r
L OtteCD
Finite Elements in SAP2000: lD, 2D, 3D
lD line element: Beams and Columns
20 Area Element: Slab (4 Nodes)
! (2 Nodes)
I
Object
//' Analysis Model
3D Brick Element: Slab (8Nodes)
Object Analysis Model
! Object Analysis Model
Note: Connections may only be done at the nodes and this is ensured by using
snapping tools. Serious numerical instability may occur by not snapping to nodes
resulting in erroneous results
82
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 41 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
SAP2000 objects
II/ii 1D Line/Frame Objects
II/ii Beams, Columns, Trusses & Links
II/ii 2D Area/Shell Objects
II/ii Slab, Walls, Shells
II/ii 3D Solid Objects
II/ii Solid
II/ii Support & Restraints
83
OtteCD
Elements used in Modeling {1)
r I
1 Nodes 1
• Line l Restraints, Support, Springs l
l Joint Constraints l
• Area I Nonlinear Hinges
I
1
I
1 Panel Zones 1
• Solid l Point and Nodal Loads l
l Point Mass l
1 Joint Pattern 1
I_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - J
84
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 42 Otte International Pte Ltd
L,;OOO, June tinyan r'.t:.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Elements used in Modeling (2)
r--- --------------1
1 Frame, Trusses, Bracing 1
• Points Nonlinear Links :
1
Cab es 1
I I
1 Linear Supports & Springs 1
I I
• Area 1 Line Loads 1
: Bridge traffic lanes :
• Solid : Linear Mass :
I I
[_____________ _J
r Linear
Mu.ltilin~_ar
Gap (Compression Only)
H&ok (Te11siori Only)
D~rnpw
Plastic Urik
Rubber Isolator
Friction. Isolator
85
1
L,-
r
----------------------------------
OtteCD
Elements used in Modeling (3)
,-------------------,
• Points : Plates 1
• Line I Membranes :
f . I
1 Shells Surface loads :
!
: Surface Supports and Springs 1
I
1 Surface Masses
• Solid '------------------~
1
I
I.
i
{
I'
86
Copyright© 2012. All Rights ReseNed. 43 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Elements used in Modeling (4)
• Points
• Line r------------------1
• Area I Solids 1
I Soil :
I Liquid I
: Volume Loads 1
I
Volume Mass
!1 __________________ __,1
87
OtteCD
Extending Links to Lines and Areas
You may assign a line spring or area spring to a frame
element or area element respectively with the following
options:
• Compression and Tension
• Compression Only
• Tension Only
You may also choose a extend a link property to the
frame/area element
Spfir·.g Stillness per Uru(Area 110
Simp',e Spring Ae:ists JTension end Comp!'esskm 3
Choose Link ,;•, ' ,,
Property
.±.J Compie:zion Only
TcmionO~
pung oc IOfl
Awa Obted F<1ce Isottom _:.}
88
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 44 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
lD - Frame Element
• Beams/Braces
• Columns
• Links
89
r
L--------------------------------------------
Otte©
D.O.F in Joint Local Coordinate System
[
! U3
!
- . ,-R3
[
Joint
R2/
I. I
U1 U2
Figure 5
The Six Disp/accme11t Degrees c~(Freedom in rite Joint local Coordinatl' System
I
90
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 45 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Degree of Freedom D.O.F {Global & Local)
u2
uz
Joint
\J r3
---..,f
ux uy
u3 Global Coordinates
Joint Local Coordinates Global
Origin
X y
Figure 8
Specified Valm.!sJi1r Force load, Restrailll Displacement load,
and Spring Di\placement load
91
Frame Elements OtteCD
• The Frame element activates all six degrees
of freedom at both of its connected joints.
U3
- R3
U3
U1 U2
U1 U2
92
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 46 Otte International Pte ltd
cnoo, June t>nyan 1-'.t::. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Frame Element
Internal Forces & Moment
_ , , , , _ _ _ ~ Axis 1
Positive Axial Force and Torque
I '
Axis 3
p~
93
'I
[------------------------------------
OtteCD
Frame Element
Internal Forces & Moment
I
Positive Moment and Shear
Axis2
V lr2
,,.,-----,v Compression Face
Axis 1
in the 1-2 Plane
r
------...... M3
Axis 3
!L
l'
L,
94
r
I Copyright© 2012. All Rights ReseNed. 47
l Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Frame Element
Internal Forces & Moment
Positive Moment and Shear
in the 1-3 Plane
Axis 3
95
-,
l
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,L
Auto Meshing: Auto Frame Mesh OtteCD
Meshing of lD elements in SAP2000
Beam Drawn along
Edge of a meshed slab
is automatically
meshed by default in
the analysis model
By default 1D elements are assigned with a mesh property in SAP2000 with the
"Automatic Frame Mesh Options" (Assign>Frame>Automatic Frame Mesh Options)
You may wish to un-assign the "Automatic Frame Mesh" if you do not want the frame
element to be continuous with the area element 96
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 48 Otte International Pte Ltd
Gnoo, June ~nyan 1-'.I:.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Auto Meshing: Auto Frame Mesh OtteCD
r
(" No Auto Meshing
r. Auto Me.sh Frame
f;, a\ Intermediate Joints
r a\ Intersection w~h Other Frames, .6Jea Edges and Solid Edges
r Minimum Number of Segments
r Ma~mum Length of Segments
r r !is,fi•Mi 'f;LfNfff
(Ctnvtd Membttt]
jKip, in, F Cancel
[
I
L
97
I
t--------------------------------------------
OtteCD
End Releases
AMJLot1
.Jl"--
$•~ foJ
r r
-'!""""""'~~
• Easily model non-fixed s1..,,r=2N"°'1 r r i- r-
I connections by general
si....-r~JfMmJ
loom
Mc,:-a<-1n:21H,w,J
r
i-
r
r
r
r
[ - - -,- -
i---- i -
r-- i -
'~'#"~*"' r r , · - ,----
l "End-Release"
~
ua, Im m,C
(~di
.:J
-Axial
- Shear Continous _ /~
Joint ----------..__. / Axis 1
r - Torsion Pin Joint-~
! J
- Moment
l
It
l
98
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 49 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Insertion Point Offset Otte©
f J
'I .
1. 60ltom ldt
2. Bottom conter
3. eouomrigtu
4. 1,1,dd~ k,'l
5 lads 5 IJ.iddlo cente1 J10 (Cec,,oid)
;~l,t---<°'-- 6. Middlo ngh!
7. Top b/1
8 Top cooler
r MirrOf about Local 2
9. Tep right
10 Centroid FrameJOO'lt Offsets: to Co1dina! Point -
11. Shear o:mter
I
Cooid System Local
H<>I•; fc,<>,cl;!J t)--mm$\f.~ merrts,ra ~ct, a;
biO<W~~$5.10.a,>d11.,,.
h).wrr,e._ En<H EndJ
Figur(' 21
Fmme Cardinal Poillfs Jo
3 Jo lo
r Do not trantlo1m frame .:ti/Ines$ fot
olt:eh lrom centro'.d
Reset Oelaults j
[_O_K_I Cancel
99
End Length Offsets/ Rigid Zone Otte©
• Rigid End connections to model large joints
• Automated end offset evaluation and assignment
• Accurately accounts for joint-stiffness due to overlapping
The clear length, denoted Le, is
,
r
i, I r
I
Tola! Length L
Clear lcn!l!!!l, _ _ I. -!
I
defined to be the length between
Honionta! -- -
>, J 1'
Mi.
_ Member
the end off sets(support faces) as:
L -:.--EndOflsets·-
.. J~. _'L
-~f.ii:. Le = L - ( ioff + joff)
=...J~- . ··' -1
I .I ·SopportF,ce· I i I where Lis the total element length
' . I ' I
I Ii
-!.~JL
I I
\-L
i The fraction of each end offset
that is assumed to be rigid for
bending and shear deformation is
Figure 2.3 rigid
Fr,1111(· Efcmmt £11d 011"·1,
The flexible length Lf of the
element is given by:
Lf = L - rigid ( ioff + joff)
100
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 50 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
End Length Offset /Rigid Zone
• For RC members, joints are relatively rigid as
compared to the members (beams & columns).
r • Model: frame element with rigid ends
,,
L I
' ,_
'
,
' --
'
, '
Rigid
r
[ zone Rigid
,
, __
-, ~ , -- ends
'
I
,'
•
' ' _, ' --
7, -; , /, , / ,
-
• = node
101
! End Length Offset /Rigid Zone OtteCD
I Rigid zone factor:
13= O for no rigid zone (span from centre line to centre line)
13= 1 for full rigid zone (rigid for full width of intersecting member)
Shear
Walls Deformed shape
---- ''
''
'
'---~id
Rigid Constitutive equations are established for
zone for the deformable part, & transformed to the
beam
(~= 0.5)
two ends (nodes) via equilibrium
equations at the respective rigid zones.
j...__ Centre lines ______..j
102
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 51 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
Frame Loading
• Gravity Load
• Point Load
• Uniform Load
• Trapezoidal Load
• Pre-stressed
• Temperature Variation
• Loads applied in any
direction and axis
AXIS3 da=4
da=O db•16
db=4 u3a=5
u3a=O u3b=5
u3b=5
103
r1
.LJ
Frame Loading: Otte©
Point, Trapezoidal & Unform
• Applied to Element Section in any direction
Urda
Ura:
3 [rn,m,C .:) jutm.C .:]
r. fc,:u < Momenh r MdtoEmtr.JU~·.ll ,-; F-'1:et (' Mt<rMM r Md!:,Em.\.,)Jlew.h
Coord'oµ jGLOtw. 3 ,--; Acplr.<>Emtnglwdi Coo:dSµ jGLOE!Al i] ,-; R~efw.tngli»d.1
DaWlCO jG,uly ..:] (' DclcleEmtn,Li»d.1 Di«tm ]Gt<l"..JJ .:) ,~ 0~1iEmtf'\;l'LO()'Ji
Trap?.:cid:llw.h
Di.1Y>Ce '
r,-- Oi.!Y>Ce
Lo» re-- ~ ro-- ro-- '"" 1,-- ~ ~ 1,--
104
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 52 Otte International Pie Ltd
\.,IIUU, .JUI]~ .;)llyan t'.t:.. bAt-'iUUU v10 Hanas~on J raining (11, 1L uec '12)
Frame Loading: OtteCD
Temperature & Temperature Gradient
• Applied to Element Section in any direction
• Applied to Nodes and Groups
load Pal!cm Name
r. Temper.Ywe r Add to Exiding LOOOa
(' Tempeiature Gra®nl 2·2 r.· Acpl.ace Eiciiting LO¥.!:-
r Terr,r,a&lwe Gradient 3.3 r Delcie Exitling Lo.Mb
I
£
Tempm&lute
t-· By Element
T«l'lPfil&ute 12lf
r ByJ~ Pat1ein I OK
Pcltem
.c-• I
M-
105
I OtteCD
Il
Frame Loading
Tutorial-Assigning load to Frame Elements
106
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 53 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Loading: Point Loads OtteCD
•Select Frame, Assign>Frame Loads ... Point
2 2
I B
3 ""'
lnt"'c ...::J
"-
,;;- f<r.n r M=<t, r M.lbEml;n,;llmd<
C~S;ot )GLOBAL 3 '"'lli~JE...&31~
o,,,__ "lo~,-~,c---3ca. C 0~'>E>mtl(IL""'1>
'
ros-~i-,-- '
rro:-- ra-- rn--
Awclh 0,iur:(,, b.Jrn Ertll
2 2
..:::] ,_ lm..... c ..:.l
A B
<" MJb£.W.-4lud,
(o' R~£-.;L®Z
r OM!c£"*"'1i.-!>
107
Otte(D
Frame Loading: Distributed Loads (1)
•Select Frame, Assign>Frame Loads ... Distributed
2 2
~Pd!emH"""' UrJt
A .R
.:JiottD 3 !Ktt"'c 3 ~ I
t<»lT}'P<'aodO,.u,o,, ,,,_ ~ I
r. fucea r M,,,,,,,t. r M.ll<IE,r.!n;JL=I<
C,:,:,dS~ IGLOSAL
,,_ 3 r.· fl~eE>i;t,,;;Lea&
[8.-,-t-1 3 r r,~,.E>i!lin;)~
T,w,otwollerll
1 2 1 ,.
()cl.,,;,, iu-- ~ ~ ri---
1.=J ~ w-- ro:-- w--
r. f!o'.¢tol'.k1->r,c~!wsa[dl <' Abcl/,,O~to,,;-tb-»WI
UrJ;;,.1,,;¥1
Lt-* ~
Triangular Load 1 2 2
A
r Mj Iv E»V..-.g Lew<
(;x,JSp <- R~,,E>»!ir,::ilo.od•
,--0~,~·-~·__:r'.:.;:-'.:.;:-'.:.;:-_-_-_-_-~~::'L_ _,r O&MEm!n:;L(>~'
Tu,r~v-..-'.AL~:
{kt..-.cao ' r,---
Jo.___ ' 0 ro--
l(>}d w-- ~ (l_--- i,--
108
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 54 Otte International Pte Ltd
v1100, Ju11e ,::,r1yar1 t"'.t:. ~Ar'LUUU v10 Hanas~on I raining (11, 1z uec '12)
Frame Loading: Distributed Loads (2) OtteCD
•Select Frame, Assign>Frame Loads ... Distributed
2 2
t~P¥l-emlln~ UrM
,1 B
.!Jc,oo 3 lr11"' C 3
l""1lw,;,""40,W4<l ,_ 2i
d
,, f<>i:~• r H~, C Md!QEJ«lri\lL!»d< --1
CwdSµ !GLOW 3 r. R~•£rnM"1\..C\l1,
o,~&in la,.-,fy -:cl r ~~(iit&\/1.<»J•
T,~,w,Jt'>W!
•
Di<'--""'t
'"'" .- ra--rro-
Flwkt<!Pil
-~~
otlrA[ndl
UrJoi,.lud
"" .-- rc.ur'!j (...-,;tl ! X
r·
I 2 2
L A B
d
,q
r 3 1
I
' 'I
,.
109
r, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
L;
rI
t Frame Loading: Distributed Loads (3) OtteCD
r •Select Frame, Assign>Frame Loads ... Distributed
i
L
! to.drattmu"""'
~
l;».I I w, an:H•«s:ton
3 ,_
r
""'Jrn ...,c
MJklEmtr,;)4'6
3
2
A
2
0
C«<'JSw
,-~ "r c,..,,_,,,'*"'JtlM1<
F.v,ti,a(w>...,.<!ll01,
D= 0. US 47$
t Le&::! i s - - ~ is-- -,- -
IL
X
General Load 2
2 2
LWIJPWW! !h;,~
~c'v.'o'--~ A 0
[ lJrJ=t<Wl X
1cs4 ro--
110
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 55 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Loading: Temperature OtteCD
•Select Frame, Assign>Frame Loads ... Temperature
Temperature Load
2 2
A B
I re 10.00 10,00
(' A-:ilis>("'*')l~
r. fl~Emt,,;llui,
<' O.W•£~Ltth
l}.aWii Mb [/':_~"@;',,]
,~---~-"'
,-- "'"' I X
2 2
A B
20.00 20.00
r AMk>E~l'»41
I r- T"'*"w~G,rl,on!Zl
, ,tt¢wn mm• JJ
r.
r
fleyh:~E#,vlmsh
Odclt E"*'9 ~
111
OtteCD
Frame Assignment : End (Length) Offsets
Tutorial-Assigning End Length Offsets
112
Copyright© 2012, All Rights Reserved, 56 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
End (Length) Offsets OtteCD
To assign End Length Offset Values to a frame, select the
frames and go to Asslgn>Frame>End (Length) Offsets ...
r
L r. ~ulomatic/1omConoec!ivil.~
r r Define Lengthi
Erd!
fo.:h!
----
OK r CMCcl 1
r'
113
[- .. ---------------
End (Length) Offsets OtteCD
Disptay>Deformed Shape ...
6x
c~ieJC~
C,n1t/tllmbo Name !MODAL _:.I
f.l.a3~
11..IYE_ __ J
o-
r Vfte'ilwbw
'I
t
P" C•;!;,:;C;,:·,e
0 125.3 0.53035
0.5 103.2 0.49343
1 84.0 0.45821
114
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 57 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Torsion: OtteCD
Equilibrium Vs. Compatibility l.
'
Equilibrium Torsion is required to maintain Structural Equilibrium
and will not changes upon Reduce Torsional Stiffness (I.e. Cracked)
Compatibility Torsion results from Slab & Beam displacements
compatibility. The moment will reduce significantly when the section
cracked and reduce its torsional stiffness.
Equilibrium Compatibility
115
Otte(D
Frame Assignment: Property Modifiers
Tutorial- Modeling Torsion Compatibility
and Torsion Equilibrium
116
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 58 Otte International Pte Ltd
t..;noo, June :snyan P.t::. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r Frame Property Modifier: Torsion Compatibility OtteCD
Two identical table-like models are drawn with different Torsional Property
Modifiers applied to the beams
To assign a stiffness modifier to a frame, select the
frame and go to Assign>Frame>Property Modifiers ...
F'IW¢ri'$!lfae,; Hcl(m1, fi, ~
C.~,,ro,;:;nfwd)hu
H....,,.knn2<!,~t,w,
St.w Aa-,,,, n 3 <.hctoo
Ttt:,;;m!Ccru1¥'o!
M""*"dkM1>1,);,zy,l.z-
M - cl kmt.o 6ou: J""'
;-,---
117
1
L-.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Frame Property Modifier: Torsion Compatibility OtteCD
To view the Torsion values go to: Display>Show
Forces/Stresses>Frames/Cables ...
r' [OEftD
Torsion Diagram (DEAD)
[ r.[!_«~
r Uw,ed2-2
r Momw~3-3
This example demonstrates compatibility torsion where a reduced torsional
stiffness results in a reduced torsion value
118
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 59 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Property Modifier: Torsion Equilibrium OtteCD
Similarly, two identical models are drawn with the slab acting as a cantilever
from the beams. Torsional Property Modifiers are applied.
C,~:;-:t:mn (:a4Jhtl
SMuA1eln26'ockn
s~.w ko;, n 3 &ec.w.
: M-d1Mmu!x:.-..i2=
· H-cllno,\soclxi<,13=
119
f1
Frame Property Modifier: Torsion Equilibrium OtteCD
To view the Torsion values go to: Display>Show
Forces/St resses>Fra mes/Ca b!es ...
Torsion Diagram (DEAD)
IDEAo
r- !tC'f:~
C Moow,t 2-2
r M~~3-3
This example demonstrates equilibrium torsion where a reduced torsional
stiffness does not result in a reduced torsion value. Identical values for torsion is
obtained.
120
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 60 Otte International Pte Ltd
vnoo, June 0nyan t-' .t:. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r Frame Property Modifier: Torsion Equilibrium OtteCD
To view the Displacement go to: Display>Deformed
Shape .. ,
Deformed Shape (DEAD)
r-
1
-"1
,;J U3=-6.7mm
k(!J(cnl.«Gl
r 01iW1&rrn:WW\lccrbJl:()ll,11¢l~:
·-·
r W,cSladow
P C!IOOC!llvc
Although the torsion is the same in the beams for both models, the model with
the reduced torsional stiffness has a larger displacement vertically (i.e. Bigger
Rotation).
121
Curve Beam Modeling OtteCD
Curve Beam
Segmented Curve Beam
-3 stations
-9 stations
When two straightelernentsj6in ~ithsCJ1;1.e relative inclination'. thereJs a .···
change of shear atthejCJintThis ca us.es.the bendi9g mCJmentdiagramto
change its "slope,,
! Curve beam is modeled the same as Segmented Curve Beam in
L SAP2000v14,
122
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 61 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Frame Element: Curved Frame
Tutorial -Drawing a Curved Frame
123
OtteCD
Frame Element: Curved Frame
j Draw>Frame/Cable/Tendon
"""
""
""
""
""
124
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 62 Otte International Pte Ltd
vnoo, June ;::,nyan t-'.t::.. :SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Element: Curved Frame OtteCD
Draw>Frame/Cable/Tendon
t""~'r"-"''
(~$0!.sdlw,
L={'4e<!Ud"'J
r.-r-.,.,t.-¢,N,¢
't"'""'"'u,-4;,['f'Olt~{)tj....,
'"
!71~
'
rnn
STIIG
711,7
'
JO(Afl
IU:M
!l~ID
1&;$1
"
I /,
125
w-~
I
L------------------------------
f' . Frame Element: Curved Frame (Moments) OtteCD
Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Frames/Cables ...
Moment 3-3
c...x,,,w
c..,Mt....t,,:,tt- lu ~1
f
f
L
fi rif',J
"*' I
I,_
126
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Frame Element: Curved Frame (Shear) OtteCD
Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Frames/Cables ...
Shear 2-2
rt.,,;Jr.,:,, f'T«-,
I r.
i
%wn
,,.,.,,J)
I e M-~2
(" M-:i-J
- i/"-'OK:']
,.....,.i I
Identical Shear Diagrams Obtained
127
OtteCD
Tension/Compression Only Frame
Assignment
Tutorial-Assigning a Tension Only Property to a Frame
128
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t..,;noo, June ~nyan 1-'.C. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Tension Only
•Applying Tension
Only Property to
diagonal Members
129
r
L.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
[ Tension Only: Axial Forces OtteCD
f
L
Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Frame s/Cab!es ...Axial
r
l
Forces
C.a.e/Combo
Cate/Combo Name ._ ___ .:)
I
L
r Touioo
I Momoot2,2
I Mcmenl: 3-3
l Sc&ng
r. P.u!.o
1· Sccle F&.tot
'
L
, Optioot
r. FilO~am
t· ShowValiJeton01eyam Cancel
IL
130
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
GAP-Link Example Gap
Topen
131
OtteCD
GAP Definition
Prnperly Name Set Oef.w!I. Name
Ptoperty Notes
Totel Ma.t and\!/eighl. · r,.,
Mau 0 Rot&ional !ne1ti!l 1 tlonlinear
Rol&JOMI lneitia 2 Propetties Used F« line.ii Anab-'tii Ca:e:
Aolalional lneitia 3 Elfectwe SWfneu "jl-({-lV-,--
Factots Fot Line.Area and So&:I Sprir'lg; Elfectwe O.mpir,g
I Ptopei!y is Ocltned rOf Thi: length ln a line Spring
I
P1opeilJ! b Defmd 101 Thii Area In Area and So&:I Springs
I
I
; Directional Propeities
: Oiret:tion Fc,o NorJ..ine{d Propetliet
I Jr
I f,7 r 17 ''Mo&fy/Show1oiU1.
i
r r I
I r r r lmt1al Gap set as 200mm
i r r 1-
r r r
r r r
!
~ c.,,., J
'
132
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Displacement-LATlOOO OtteCD
(280mm)
135
Displacement-LATSOO OtteCD
{140mm)
136
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Summary
• The GAP Link is defined with an 200mm gap.
• In LAT1000, the lateral displacement is 280mm >
200mm so GAP link is activated and load
transferred to adjacent frame.
• In LATSOO, the lateral displacement is only
140mm < 200mm. GAP Link not activated. No
load transfer.
• Nonlinear Static Analysis
139
OtteCD
2D- Area Element
• Slabs
• Walls
• Shells
/7
140
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Type of Area Objects OtteCD
• Membrane
- In-plane Stiffness
• Plate
- Out-of-plane Stiffness
• Shell (Membrane+ Plate)
- In-plane Stiffness
- Out-of-plane Stiffness
141
Shell Local Axis OtteCD
r
l
[
• RED - Local Axis 1
• WHITE/G El'l - Local Axis 2
• BLUE - Local Axis 3
!
142
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Shell Element (3 node)
Axis 3
Faco 2 / Axis 1
Axis2
Faco 6: Top (+3 face) '
Face 5: Bottom {-3 face)
Face 1
Three-node Triangular Shell Element
Figure 31
Area Element Joint Co1111ectivi(v and Face D~/initians
143
'i
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - .L
OtteCD
Shell Element (4 node)
Axis3 J
+1 face
+2face ~
Axis 1
Axis 2 'V~ / , ,:,,,-, -<:_~
,' _,.,-- ------,! ~
:,,..,,..:>-><... // ----------- j2
,,~/~
Top (+3 face) "' ~ ~ 'i ~
~'-. \
Bollom (-3 face) l ' ~ , // / -2 face
-1face "- ~v/
i j1
Four-node Quadrilateral Shell Element
144
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Stress Definition
o S11: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 1-axis
direction,
o S22: Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 2-axis
direction.
o S33 Direct stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 3 faces in the 3-axis
direction,
o S12: Shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1 faces in the 2-
axis direction and acting on the positive and negative 2 faces in the 1-axis direction.
o S13: Out-of-plane sheanng stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 1
faces in the 3-axis direction.
o S23: Out-of-plane shearing stress (force per unit area) acting on the positive and negative 2
faces in the 3-axis direction
o SMAX: Maximum principal stress (force per unit area) Note that by definition, principal
stresses are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero,
o SMID: Middle principal stress (force per unit area). Note that by definition, principal stresses
are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.
o SMIN: Minimum principal stress (force per unit area) Note that by definition, principal stresses
are oriented such that the associated shearing stress is zero.
o SVM: Von Mises stress (force per unit area) See also Von Mises Stress
145
rt
1.-------------------------------------------------
[ OtteCD
Understanding Fll & Mll
3 511 511
Constant Varying
-
'
--:.
1 ~
l '.
"'.,
-
[ F11 M11
!! . Stress Acting on Face 1
Stress Acting in Axis 1 Direction
Constant Stress S11 - Direct Stress - F11 (Axial Force)
Varying Stress S11 - Bending Stress - M11 (Bending Moment)
146
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Stresses & Membrane Forces
F·MIN
Axis 2
~F~,1AX
j4
/~ .,.
Forces are per unit
Axis 1
or In-plane length
j3
Imnsvecse Sbeac Coot sb9wol
Positive transverse shear forces and
stresses acting on posllive faces
pcint toward tho viewer
j1 j2
STRESSES AND MEMBRANE FORCES
Stress Sij Has Same Definition as F0<ce Fjj
147
OtteCD
Plate Bending & Twisting Moments
Axis 2
Moments a;o per uoit
of in-plane length A.xis 1
j3
j1 j2
PLATE BENDlNG AND TWISTING MOMENTS
148
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Rigid Diaphragm Constraint OtteCD
• Floor plate is assumed to translate in-plane
& rotate about a vertical axis as a rigid body.
• No in-plane deformations.
• Benefits
- Eliminate in-plane forces.
- Reduce size of stiffness matrix.
- Improve solution stability.
- Distribute lateral loads.
149
[-·- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Thick-Options OtteCD
For Plate and Shell only
Sce1..... u...... S&o
Sv.MnHOltt
1
i. • Selected: ,~
r !/d,flm
j:« Std-Ttkk }
- out-of-plane shearing deformations are 'F FW~-:rLl>'
considered in the analysis.
f • Not-Selected: .:.I
l\
L - shearing deformations are not considered
M«th,,.,,. fa')j(I-
in the analysis. ~
r Bu&q
Cor,i;sol~$!cltWMD•"W'PN-1m
! _*,!~Jzr.t.:mSfsdO•:ry,P>1-~ -J
• We recommend that you typically do %h,,iM&m,
St!Mo&ee" !
not use the thick plate option, except
when modeling thick footings or mat
foundations.
150
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Meshing Examples
Tnangu!or Rcgon Crc,.far Region
/
I
" /
I
'
/
I
"
MeUl Traroilion
Figure 32
Mesh E.wmp!es Using th<· QuaJrilateml An'!/ Elemem
151
f 'l
'i
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ -'-
OtteCD
Meshing
Meshing of 2D elements in SAP2000
By default 2D elements are not assigned with a mesh property in
SAP2000
Meshing Options:
• Physical Meshing
Cutting up your slabs to ensure connectivity at the nodes
• Automatic Meshing
Assigning a mesh property to your 2D element which will mesh
the area automatically in the analysis model
(Assign>Area>Automatic Area Mesh)
152
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 76 Otte International Pte Ltd
[
,,
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Meshing Options
fo NoAu!o Meihing
C Me!hAiealntoT!vttl!.lmbetolOl:4ech (Qu&d:.mdT~zOrJ,, J _ _ __
0
f'f,:,fvJ f &)(} /,;,en P(si/ 1
tJ:w,;,E,fy;•b:;nPGrJ l h 3
r MeihAlearntoObjKhol nuiMaranumSrre (Qua<.l:.md Tm,nole.~'=oc;,""J_ __
,t,x,g E&y: rk"' f'&J l
,i:for,-;i ESgt' Le:", P,/JJ i 10 !
r Me:hAlea Ba:edOnPoirMOnAiN Edge-: (QuOO;.md fo~i0n"1)
P,:.m!.; Octermin«l From:
r
r
(' Meth Alea U:Wlg Cookie Cut 8a:e<l On Sll&gr"il Liv! Objet\; ln Mething Group
r
(' Meth Alea UtngCookle CA Oatetl OnP°*~ Otiectt In Me:lmg GroopC"-----
flu:>:w, a(,,; lx,n f1;yc,/sfs1 Lc<d !,7g 1I•e0!
r l,fo,hArna UtW!g Gene:cl or.-'!de Tool Bated On Pcints .md Lir.ez In MedWlQ Group
Reitrcinh .md Con:himlt F« Added P'*dt
r·
tAPPSes if added e4Je por,t. .md ~oot ronet po«l!t hwe tsVM 1,x,cl ~ l dclrJ:Joo)
r
t~i if added fa.."e pea-~ .md a! c«Mi pci-li have :-anw loca!<!Xtt d,efcliof!J
153
L----------------------------------------------
OtteCD
I
L
Frame and Area:
[
Meshing and Connectivity
[
r
L
l
I
t_
154
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Basic Object Connectivity (1)
Display Model Analysis Model
155
OtteCD
Basic Object Connectivity (2)
Display Model Analysis Model
Column not connected to
beams; slab supporting the
beams
. 1 Column 2 'Beams
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 78
• 156
Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Basic Object Connectivity (3)
Display Model
Analysis Model
/ Zl 7 Analysis Model: S!ab
connected at centre
line in numerical model
where nodes coincide
157
..r·_- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OtteCD
' .
'I Example 1
'
Analysis Model
I
t
Area: No Mesh
Area Element is not
continuous with frame
l Frame: Auto Frame Mesh
!
[_,
Note:
-The beams and the slab are detached from one another
I' -Beams and columns are able to deform since they have a mesh property
assigned
158
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Example 2
Analysis Model
Area: Physical Meshing
Cut area in 36 pieces of
area
Frame: Auto Frame Mesh
Note:
-The beams and the slab connected since node coincide
159
t: 7
II
------------------------------------------~~
Otte(D
Example 3
Analysis Model
Area: Automatic Meshing
Assigning a maximum size
of lm 2 to mesh. Object is
still 1 piece of area but
Analysis model is 36 pieces
Frame: Auto Frame Mesh
Note:
-Similar analysis model to example 2
160
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
r Example 4
Analysis Model
Area: Automatic Meshing
Frame: No Mesh
Frame and Area is not
continuous
I
!
Note:
f' -Frame does not deform
L -Frame and Area are not connected
161
r
,--------------------------------------------
f
I. Otte©
! Example 5: Transfer Plate
L
It
162
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Transfer plate - Mmax
Storey 2
Storey 1
163
OtteCD
Meshing and Connectivity:
Tutorial - Area and Frame Meshing for transfer
column
164
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OtteCD
Meshing and Connectivity : Transfer Column
• Ensure that the column
is properly connected to
the meshed slab in the
analysis model
r
165
r Special note: Meshing of non-4 or non-3 sided areas
Otte(D
General Meshing
Display Model Analysis Model
SAPZOOO supports general meshing. In the draw mode, Non-4 sided and
Non-3 sided elements are coloured with a special shading. In the example
below, the 5 sided area element is left as one-piece and a general meshing is
applied
166
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Special note: Meshing of non-4 or non-3 sided areas
Quadrilateral and triangular meshing
Display Model Analysis Model
Poor Mesh at
corner
In this example, the 5 sided area element has been cut into 2 pieces to
result in a triangle and a rectangle. In the draw mode, SAP2000 shows these
objects as full colour since they are either 3 sided or 4 sided. However,
SAP2000 encounters some trouble to mesh the corner of the triangular
area.
167
OtteCD
Special note: Meshing of non-4 or non-3 sided areas
Quadrilateral meshing
Display Model Analysis Model
Adopting a strategy where the areas are all 4 sided results in a better mesh.
SAP2000 performs best using quadrilateral mesh.
168
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Poor connectivity (1)
Unskilled User Skilled User
Meshing of top polygon re-
adjusts to capture node
Unskilled user leaves a gap,
SAP2000 believes this gap is
intentional
169
OtteCD
Poor connectivity (2)
Plan View 3DView
!
l
I
Unskilled User does not snap to
the wall node, beam is floating on
right side and SAP2000 believes it It can be seen from the 30
is a cantilever view that the beam is not
connected to the wall
C
170
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Auto Edge Constraints
• Typically in finite element analysis, shell elements are
connected to other elements at corner points only
• When an element does not frame into the corner point of a
shell element, but instead frames into the edge of the shell
element, no connection exists between the element and the
shell element.
• The SAP2000 auto line constraints feature allows you to specify
that elements framing into the edge of a shell element be
connected to the shell element.
• SAP2000 internally takes care of connection between the j
elements by constraining points lying along an edge of the shell
element to move with that edge of the element.
171
OtteCD
Special note: Area Edge Constraints
The performance area edge constraints is outlined in the following paper
STRESS DIAGRAMS DEFORMED SHAPES
Mismatched
Meshes
Matching
Meshes
(Uniform)
Reference: Mesh Transitioning and Compatibility the Automated Line Constraint in ET ABS & SAP2000
{Ashraf Habibullah, S.E., M.!qbal Suharwardy,S.E., Ph.D.)
172
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c:noo, June ::;nyan 1-'.I::.. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Area Edge Constraint
Ramp connection to wall
r
I.
I No nodes on wall or ramp
coincide and yet they are
L continuous
r Area Edge Constraints may also be applied to areas which are not on the
same plane such as a wall and ramp.
173
Special note: Area Edge Constraints OtteCD
Analysis Model (Un-deformed) Analysis Model (Deformed)
r
1
r
L
f Only Common Node I The walls are only connected by the
common node and otherwise deforms
independently
L The two walls do not have nodes that coincide and therefore deform
independently of each other
174
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Special note: Area Edge Constraints OtteCD
TraditionalTransition Mesh
/
I
I
'
/
'
/
I
"
Analysis Model (Deformed)
Analysis Model (Undeformed)
Meshing with better
aspect ratio
175
Special note: Area Edge Constraints OtteCD
Analysis Model {Undeformed) Analysis Model (Deformed)
Area Edge Constraints Wall deforms together when
area edge constraints are
applied
applied (Assign>Area>
Generate Edge Constraints)
In SAP2000, Area Edge constraints may be assigned to area objects so that
the need for transition mesh is eliminated.
176
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1...,1100, ..iur1e v11yc:1.11 r-.c::. :::iAI"' Luuu v·1!) Hanas~on I raining t·11, 1:.::: uec ·1 i)
Otte(D
Area Loading
• Gravity Load
• Uniform Load
- Uniform to Frame
- Uniform to Shell
• Joint Pattern (e.g. varying pressure with depth)
r
!
• Temperature Variation
• Loads applied in any direction and axis
177
OtteCD
Load Transfer
f
A. Uniform to Frame ("Yield-Line" Load
!
L
Transfer)
B. Load transfer by FEM
f
t
!L
178
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OtteCD
A. Floor Load Collection "Uniform to Frame" {1)
• Load applied onto the
floor is automatically
transfer to supporting
beams.
• SAP2000 simulates
"Yield-line Method 11 of
transferring loads to
supporting structural
elements: Beams,
Columns & Walls
179
OtteCD
A. Floor Load Collection "Uniform to Frame" (2)
180
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A. Floor Load Collection "Uniform to Frame" (3) Otte(D
SAP2000 auto mesh the SHELL for Uniform to Frame Loading
r
I
r
fr
!
181
OtteCD
B. Load Collection Through "FEM" Floor
r'
L
• Load applied
onto FE floor
are transferred
to supporting
beams via FEM.
r
L
182
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
B. Load transfer by FEM (Shell) OtteCD
"Modified out-of-plane bending stiffness"
• Stiffness Modification Factors may be specified for
shell to reduce its out of plane bending stiffness
183
Area Loading: Joint Pattern OtteCD
X, Y, Z Multiplier Method
PattemVWJC,, AA+By+Cz+D
Com!im!.A, ~--
Com!enl B
Com!em C
Com!ool 0
Value D Cz
Z Coordinate at Zero Pressure and Weight Per Unit Volume Method
10 10 5'20°100
; -2 Coonfn&!e &Zeto Prern.11c andWeinht pm Unit V ~
j ZCoo!ooale Wtpe1Ur,,!Vol Ret!nctioo •
"., ; +
! 5 !20 jze10 Neg i]
~
"
z
~
no
1
1 1 1 ~:
1 AdderlUolmmVd»epe1Ur,ilk.ea
"""'' I
Value A hw
184
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Area Loading: Joint Pattern
Tutorial- Assigning Hydrostatic load to a
Cylindrical Area
r
r
185
[ Area Loading: Joint Pattern Definitions OtteCD
I Define>Joint Patterns
MJH.,,,f'w=~
r XJ.ZMSJ!e11A.,, [f'&\m!Vilio•k<•fl;•Cz-0]
[/,w;of'tl'!tmU""" j . ,-: ZCw&wutZ¢1of\~w.uq,dWci;t,tl'«UMV&.o,~
t.W..P$#11 j Z ~&w,, o/ ZCQ F'lmtu ¥>JWesjl pt, IJM Vd.=
Z(oor&#" V/l.p«UF.l:Vcl Rt$c!.M
r--iw.- IZ<GPw 3 ~
[
i
r· rm ~
o.w.~ I
i
L;
0::{oo.
'
" A;Ml$-1:nJv!rn',
(O z~nu~vk, < n~,,c"*s,vwett
•Define a Joint Pattern Name C Zoof',,J:Mi~~, <" Ocletud,,;iv!lh,N
Cwc<lj
r •Define and assign a Joint
L Select Area, Assign> Area Loads>Surface Pressure All
Pattern to the Area Element Le-Wf'¥,0,.,,l/,,,-4
~~---·3 ]wnc :::::J
•Assign Loads to Area based
(" Mdb[.,,t,-gL"'4,
[ on Pattern /0
,
llw.¥.•f>4n,il<»J,
Ct.Wof,;,"')L~,
186
i
l Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 93 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Area Loading: Joint Pattern
Display>Show Load Assigns>Area Loads
l
Otte(D
Understanding Wall Bending
• In-plane bending- F22
188
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Understanding Wall Bending OtteCD
• In-plane bending- F22
$imU!
cn:;;;--1 ri-.hl
Draw Section Cut to See Moment
189
OtteCD
Understanding Wall Bendi
l
rL
Define Section Cut- Elements & Joints (Group}
Display Table
190
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Understanding Wall Bending
• Out-of-Plane - M22
191
'
----------------------------------------------LL
OtteCD
Understanding Wall Bending
• Out-of-Plane - M22
Reu..hril.f=~LI'f"A,oouclh<fe
:<
]2.rn-16
A,:#S6 le/!Sdl
l 2 Z 1 2 Z
r--or--or--TI r--or-roor--o
F«~~
Mo=,i r--u-r---of--u
5a-.-~Cut j ,,, "" ,,,, S~C!I !
e::~tt (I~
ni;;;--1 fl«,..i, 1
Draw Section Cut to See Moment
192
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Understanding Wall Bending
• Out-of-Plane - M22
-,;;-0--il~Intn,1:;;:.~0~-J--;-,1:u::--~".'.'.!S
~o ~,..-o...
•0"'-"•11-,
•01<'4r..,.,.11.....,_,
~000.,,0.-
• 0 hod(••~ ()ff .... _
401,4,,D"•
aoc-""'•""•
tOJ..,.,1,_,
,, •OAI.. Au;,,,.,,.,,,,
'.! ioc...,..,.,,,,_...... o...
ir:;;:::~r..,.~uus
j ~ 0 1 1 - 0 .. .
[1 <l 141.iJ<, -.,r41
fl ,01-...0-
·.·1- Gllt ........ a......
' &Qf,,,f4:=
, ~011.;t==
C"'ii~i*t.,;:wr,,,_.. tw;,
Define Section Cut- Elements & Joints (Group)
Display Table
193
L.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
OtteCD
Wall (Shell) RC Design
Based on DD ENV 1992-1-11992 Eurocode
2: Design of Concrete Structure.
CORE
BOTTOM COVER
I
L
Fll, F22, F12, Mll, M22 & M22 are
resolved into pure membrane force
Nll, N22 and N12.
Reinforcement forces NDesl & Ndes2
are calculated and, converted into
Reinforcement areas Astl & Ast2
194
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 97 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Section Cut: Shell Wall
Tutorial- Find Shell (Wall) Moment via section
cut
~PW ~ '
t•,JF«• ~
r-•r=~tow,,,,.-.Slr¢
;-'. k,,1,11»!1
~ p;--
h,,,.l, Pfo,,.,, ;;I'{!& IJI.J.<k# fJfu<-M 9$dcl< PW.,
195
<'"l
\ j
t '
l j
Otte(D
Wall Section Cut Force
• Define Group for Section Cut
• Define Section Cut
• Display Table - Show Section Cut Forces
Select the elements
1
->
/ Select the nodes
/
// ,!
196
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Section Cut: Shell Slab
Tutorial- Find Shell (Slab) Moment via section
cut
i
l
~ )~fl
~ -!~
197
r
L--------------------------
OtteCD
Slab RC Design (Shell}
154
AieaEfemen!. 154
vbm 0.000619 m2/m
TopFaceSl'i();W)() T,:;rn!eOu1pu1Twe I
/lJC1JOb;,ect 167
Al,Nl Eltmwl 167
vakm 0.000.408 m2/m
I
!
L,
Bol1mFaceS1Y.wq Tog.J!eOttputType
198
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 99 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
Frame and Area:
Beam Slab Interaction
199
Beam-Slab interaction: Insertion Point (1) Otte©
200
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 100 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Beam-Slab interaction: Insertion Point (2) OtteCD
Bending Moment for Live Load
,'
.
"\ .,.; X
/
/
-
201
r
L.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Beam-Slab interaction: Insertion Point (3) OtteCD
Axial Load for Live Load
t
L
I
L__
l
202
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 101 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
PT Tendon
• PT effects can be modeled as
Forces or Elements
T"'4in~Ow:<><foh,&folttw,i
-'' 1-lo&.llud(,;~,~
(" Mw.<TvJcn*(!,;,,m,
To/4.>')l',.,r,4'$<,
flo:tm,Tpe
T~~~
(' $;«l}Tu6r!Pi>!!>!ta
,--
,; 5pd/Tt<tl:nhu [HS::,:-01
t«~Cl?l"d.rl p::qw-
!alc,wi!cl~ mrrrra--
%,:,hu ~V.:,OH-l
.!I
!COC!
203
OtteCD
PT Modeling- Beam
-
r"'"' fiT3
~W.JAC-,$.V_..,4_,
r. . . . . . . .,.rv.:::::::.,-/,.-
r Sts,;nT..-.W!lae<ro12 1'-.../·1'--·~·
f"'P.,,ts<d~l ;,_.,,.. r,,.....,......,..._..,7 T.,-¢,,l,pJ("<4,C"""
v- r;:::;,==::::; ,, lh.-..,:;..,,
f"l>=l)"m
;~~f" .~ ><'=)l'-"'•
r.-- r.:.------
r::::::7 f'--.....-~
!7,::.-,_" 1,..:./-"-c_;_,<
3
--~~--...!
L~P¥\tm
L=ilr,4
J~F,ornJhr.Lo<:,;1.«>
fq4:,,,EMfo-cc !HI/
Tmd;,,EM5~m (Ul!m!)
(\>"¥1,\!.le(~kuil
Wooth(a:dkm>! (1/rrj
Arda*SciSQ !"'1
(Unili")
"'
)ZulE-03
Gllii-03
Leu· E4,kSk>lroo'}S~ea !K!llm!I ;:o,A,1m
lon·C.«1>S!m, !)"Jl/w21 ::)..1473.i'S
lo" · 5h,.t.!p Sbm jl'.fl/m?) H ..'il31
l,:,u S\odfl~S~e" IHl/"'11 J.l47).7S
204
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 102 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
r PT Modeling- SLAB
r-=--
JL,
~
i ~ """''''"""1 "'
3:'l'i1E«l
,,. ~-'"""'-~"'·-· &ZOC-0)
~m
(~./· ,'-~. ~---
L- :o-=.-:; f~/::=;:::;
:UHU)
4'.!2SH1
:mnn
205
OtteCD
Ways to define tendon profile
' '
Il
I Oef.v: Twooo !n n.. TID»'! tm Ob\«{ L,x-.11 F'bn¢ UW.-00 cl Curl.!cl Pemi:
L • Quick Start F'l-ln¢ liT-:3 ~r- Mrol1km ll"1M!mc!P-<l0"\t1~
• Auto profile for equal
span length m
0 Sr«foJ
'"""'
m
O3iJ..!9
Sk T
PlC\J C.* .oz;ro
45 sr-rt1,e.c1 -0:,on s;,«1d 0.
9.5 PiogCik OlWS PtogCd. 02211
• Profile generator 10
115
S~f.d
Pt09C.*
OS:l4S
OWS
Sr«I*:I
PlogC,1/,,l •
-02-1)3
• Start with quick start
15
1C5
Sr«kd
PiC;l~
-0 »IS
012!S
Spttid
P-E>JC-* 02433
•
ZO. Sp«Id 0?049 Spcioed 0
• Define controlling point :!~ f;O?C* ~!-~ Pr:,;C.ok -OW7
cl
1 Tti;-fw~&aM~PJ1&!:clck<6:m ;;,\!~kn±flcl~db=&! 1201 l-3r,l,.r,,,
(1-coordinates) Length 2 U1<ilkl,fo&yhm.b.t\1)l'IIOHhM\!-.,,t,rnd:ncl:?/..llxi112&"d)-1.bw!tl>t> 1 am
~
I
UN.1 !ntm_C
• Define controlling point (kJM,C'-' r--
r)wj\ ~
(2-coordinates) Height Cc.>cd2 ~
SkN , -
I f" lfoSmp
< SM;lblocd1koi
L •J
! Sr,wUI T«.dcn
r.- Sr~!on:stll
L
206
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Cable
GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
z • Axia I Stiffness Only
90 ·--·- • Nonlinear
80 • Analysis with P-Delta Effects
i: 70
:s 60
• Auto Initial Geometry Generation
.. 50
-~
~ 40
&30
N (&h,,,.,,.,
20 ><.d«<'0,!"t-"
uww ...;1,n.!.ld,,,,,,,.,
1'="1<.,w.,.~,;l,m
0 20 40 60 80 100
M
X Coordinate in feet r ».-.. ,--~h,
·-
~u1;11,,,,;-ew1r,-o,,,a,
1-=P<'<v,,cih>
!.,,,i:':rc•ll<J..,,
c."f«s>>,!,afa()I~
c'h,,_ri,ll-..4\,[,w'i,,,,.,,04,s~
(· f>>*,t,W¢,~.h,&,(~-l..<01,<n0"<>-l ,-f'~••••--:i
Line O®ct T 'PC
Section
II
XY Plane Ofltet N01mcl
Dt.w. Contiol T
207
OtteCD
Element Design
• Steel Design
- Requires P-delta analysis
- Direct Analysis Method
• RC Design
- Flexural design for beam
- Column design for Axial & Bi-axial bending
- Simplify Shell Design Per ACI code
• FE Method with Reba rs Intensity Contour
- Horizontal Shell can be Exported to SAFE12 for
Analysis, Design and Detailing.
208
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
r.·
Steel Design
r (Direct Analysis Method)
209
I
I Otte(D
Steel design in SAP2000
• Steel design requires P-~ analysis
fL
• P-~ effects are considered differently for:
r •Braced/Non-sway frame
•Individual stability
[ •Un-braced/Sway frame
I •Individual stability
I •Lateral drift effects
L
f
L
210
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
Direct Analysis Method
•Consider flexural, shear and axial deformation of members.
Those requirements are automatically accounted for in all SAP2000 analyses
•Reduce member stiffness due to inelasticity, including residual stress, and
include the effect of this stiffness reduction in the analysis of the structure.
This is completed automatically within SAP2000
•Account for geometric imperfections, such as out-of-plumbness.
SAP2000 has automated through their "notional" lateral load pattern definition
•Perform rigorous p-delta analysis that considers the effects of sway (load
effects on a structure that has already laterally displaced) and local p-delta
effects of loads on the deformed shape of individual members.
Both these requirements are automatically considered in SAP2000 p-delta
anaysis
211
n
------------------------------------~'-J~
Otte(D
Steel Design
• Un-braced length automatically determine
by program
• K is assume to be 1 for all frames accept
Column.
• K is calculated by framing stiffness at both
ends of column.
• m is calculated based on the general
equation.
212
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(i)
Un-braced Length
• Based on geometry as defined by user for
- Straight Elements(Auto)
- Curved Elements (User Overwrite)
• User overwrite for
- "kink" elements
- Secondary Members not modeled
r
i
213
Otte(i)
Effective Length Factor (K)
• Based on Building-type structures.
- Column (Vertical)
- Beam (Horizontal)
- Brace (Others)
r
L
• Kare assigned unity (1) for Beam & Brace
- Braced by Floor
• K is calculated based on Joint Stiffness at both
ends
• mis calculated based on the general equation.
214
r Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 107 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Equivalent Uniform Moment, m
Overall Buckling Check
In addition to local capacity checks. which arc carried out al section level. a com-
pression member with bending moments is also checked for overall buckling in ac-
cordance with the following interaction ratio:
(BS 4.8.3.3. I)
The equivalent uniform moment factor, 111. for members or uniform section and
with t'langcs. not loaded between adjacent lateral restraints. is defined as
= _ + 0.JM 2 + 0.6 M 3 + (J.IM 4 > 0.8M 24
111 02 (BS Table 26)
/\;/ ma,; /vf ma,
For other members. the value or 111 is taken as 1.0. The program defaults III to 1.0 if
the unbraced length. /, of the member is overwritten by the user (i.e. if it is not equal
lo the length of the member).
215
215
n
Il
---------------------------------------------------~:,,.1-
OtteCD
Table 18 - Table for mLT
Table 3,4 EquivfJ!(mf 1.m/fo1m molllflm facror mn fot /JtctIJI /orsfonal
buckling
Sogmtnl~ whh uid rnem,,m, enlv !mu t,Gm fwm~i~ fo, 11-,,., <JSM'>I u .. 1 I> mu
/J!><'Mr.·o IO 100
0 9 0 93
00 0 92
(1 1) o7 o es
. . c===:::i,,..
..
06
05
04
OC<I
OllO
0 76
0 3 0 72
0 2 0()8
0 I O t4
1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . . . . . . ; o o oco
_,, 0 56
·"
(111====!1) (1 1) .,, "'
.o, "'
"'
··p :::CJ" ""
·00
-0,
.o,
'"
.o, '"
'"
.,o "'
044
"'
"O]JJ?. "ct>~?T
forl».om; q.~02-0lU.l,-~~:,-01u1, l><Jtm,r~0.!.4
A~ m<>m$MO or~ to~~"~• p-osrt,,o Th~ mem0fl1o M, ~~,j M, ar~ tti• ,;~!~•• at 11>,,
qs;ar!M r,c"'u. 1ho =m~nu M,,; 1h~ v~!,.,~ al ,,-,d kn-J1h amt M~",. \~~ ''"'""""'
216
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 108 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Table 26 for m OtteCD
(Equivalent Moment Factor)
Tobie 4.12 Equivalent uniform moment factor m, ,wd m,
' '00
,o
09 090
06 092
090
" "'
06
06 oeo
010
°'
" "'
02 0"
0' 0"
00
-0,
0
0"
'°
-0' 0"
-03
-0< "'
062
L -00
-00
-0 7
''°
0,0
-0' '"
0"
-0'
.,o °''
O<O
~?
m ..- 000
M··-··•••-
:~ o ~ M ..~, 'f''
M, Ma M.,.
f ' -J M~ "'•
s:::::::=::;"
m "095
MG M,
217
r·
L----------------------------------------------
OtteCD
SAP2000 to SAFE 12
• Export RC floor to
SAFE 12
• RC Floor analysis Elevation of Objects to Export
r. Ei,pofl Floor loads Only
and design r "(- j 1
• RC beams analysis
Load Cases to E:-:potl
and design
• Export options OK Cancel
• Floor loads only
r
L
• Floor loads and
loads from above
218
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 109 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
SAP2000 to Bl M
• Export to Revit Structure file * .exr
• Import from Revit Structure file * .exr
219
OtteCD
Sequential Construction Analysis
• Required SAP2000 Ultimate
• Time dependent properties of material
(CEB-FIP 90)
Compressive Strength &Stiffness (
Creep
Shrinkage
I ~,c::·::·-·
Uriah CEB,fiPP"'-"'' !»::;,:::;~
fO C£0-fl?9J jrn.mc i.l C~TITTCooi,:,wt
r n.w,,.. HW-tl'1 %
r.,-,.,o~,Cw,*W<lfcr 1/t,1,;rdSn-.!>
f;;, C=•~,m-eS~or.¢'i.mdSWv,a Sh<~~ C¢<!f<OITT, 81:c
[M~d(l):ldy]
Sl~ff.~S1-l<1/;.p!<b;a1l
'
(,:-q,Aru/J'm f}?"
,; Fuillrlq,C""
1' (bd-k!St<siW#, r- Tt1m
220
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 110 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Sequential Construction Analysis
• Load Case: Nonlinear Staged Construction
ltt~oef.-~;;;-'J:
S1*' Dui.i&...fi''flic-,,de Ollptt Ut.«
,
FFrfF
, D1>hFotS!~:,,,
Opei~ Ot¢ciTwe Ob;e(!I/Ml;(l P,Y,N.Md Twa th,m, SC¥ef.5el<ll
: !MrS~ud'"'e .:J~IM.L :::JW--
. 111111
, fle:uh%ved r-rnd«frulSt~Orb;
i fl,;rhy,AI Peuriden j OeJ(l!A
221
OtteCD
Key features for Sequential
Construction Analysis
I
L • Simulate the construction sequences with
respect to:
- Geometry changes
- Time dependent properties of material (e.g
Concrete's stiffness, creep and shrinkage,etc.)
- Changes in boundary conditions
r
L - Activate and deactivating elements through
stiffness modifier. (El, PA & Mass/Weight)
f
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 111 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Offshore: Wave Loading
Available in SAP2000 Ultimate
223
OtteCD
Wave Loading Define> Load Patterns ... Type WAVE
API WSD 2000
P Include Bw;aot Loads
,' VI.we load Pat1em Dimetizahon , Veitic-t! Aefeience Elevation lctW<Ne
Mrucimum Oizciehzation Segment Size lt524 Glow!Z Coot00¢te 0.
ofVeiticalDalum
Olhet Veilleal Ekwa!iont Re1¢!C.-e To O~um
GlobclX Cood of Pt on lniliJI C1ed Pozition Mud!ine from Dahim
Globa!Y Cootd ot Pt on Initial C1est Posil.ion H~Jh Tide horn Dmum
Number ofW-0ve C!ezt Poritions Con.ldered
Wave Ditccoon Sea Walet Propertie:
Wave Approach Angle in Degrees W&eiWe";i;# Demily 110 0536
ShowWave Table j Show Wave Plot
l=:o:cJ
224
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 112 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
0 Wave Characteristics
Velocity and Acceleration Fields are
lwwm
w..-,,,focw,
generated based on selected Wave theory
w-fr--,r~:ic 1 -Airy Wave Theory
~.,--- -Stokes Wave Theory
w.,..,1r-1
wa..-,,fk>;H [Hl 10 tqW,n.-,, HM;<J?..fl'Wt -Cnoidal Wave Theory
=,,--- r SU>1.uWowHw·4
f
L ,~·- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ , . Wave Direction
-------1~
Datum
r
Storm Water
Depth
Current Direction
225
i
0 ~.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Velocity and Acceleration Field Otte©
from Selected Wave theory
Velocity Field Acceleration Field
L w~~Ht,;#
t;,;»,w!W,,v.,P"2Xl
,1a"'
w....-,,r«>OO!'i1~·! • IZ Su
•12 See
V«{.:.!10¥'""' •l'im
M~l_!,!llf,c,,Dtbs> • IS"'
9c,,,,\,/,,:.,[lwt, •4'im
Ws,1' Ho,jt • lO m
\'/4•,.,,P.,d[:t,1.:,wyJ ~12
A:~:<>!W~Pmi-J •lZ Stt
s~
v.,z,10,.,.- • 15"'
M!.druP<ltJ,t<':10~"'1 • 15. m
SP.mW.!<'0<¢, •~'i rn
IL
r
L
Note that this plot, there is no current specified
226
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 113 Otte International Pie ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Factors that can be specified as a function of depth
@current velocity/direction
Current velocity specified at different depths with a
linear/nonlinear stretching option
III-Marine/Ice Growth •
Thickness value specified-linearly interpolated
4 Inertia/Drag coefficients
Either user defined at each depth or from API Default
Otte(D
[!] Current Velocity
Current Blockage Factor to
cater for reduction in current
C1.mcnl P,olilo Nilmo !WcuRl
speed at platform Curter.I. PrcJ~ Factm
Current Stretching Option can Cum:nt Block* F¢e!Of 10,
Ct.11rcml Profh SlretdV19 Op>JM
be linear or nonlinear
Data ls S~.dsed 61. Thi; Nl.lffibel of El¢vdiom:
th.im!m ol El¢vatior,:i
Curenl Di:ection
0
0. OiduRowsj
0.
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 114 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
0 Marine/Ice Growth
• User defined: Marine growth
data is specified and linearly
Ma1ine Growth Name !VIMG2
interpolated by SAP2000
Da!a b Specified at Thh Hllff001 of Elevctiont
Humbel of Elevations 3
Orde, Row: j
I
i
OK
229
OtteCD
0 Drag and Inertia Coefficients
• User defined: The user can specify • OR Select "API Defau Its"
different drag and inertia values which SAP2000 will in turn
with depth use the following values
below:
011111 and Inertia CoclfiClent HMMt !v,'01c:i
Location I Orag Coefflcfent
.•
Inertia Coefficient
0.eMhSpeddctTMU~ciEW-11.i=
tl=IM el E!w1t,:im
Above High Tide Elevation
(Smooth I
O.GS ,
Oe!ow or At High Tide Elev11tivn
l.05 L2
'Smooth'
L
230
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 115 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Morison Equation
The Force exerted by the wave is given by the
Morison Equation in Section 2.3.lb-10 of the API
Recommended Practice from input 0 0 0 0
r0
i
Projected Area
including Marine
!_ Growth
231
Otte(D
Multi-Step Static Analysis
Wave Loading on Structure at different steps
\ \
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step4 Step 5 232
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 116 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
[!] Wind Load
The user is able to use the wind
load input box OR specify the wind
load in a separate load pattern
Wave Wind Name fvMN01
WM load Pcllem P<11:~e1s
Wind Load is
JIPplied on the VIM Oireetion/1.ng!e 0
//frame 1,Hoor McMI Wtfid Speed at 328 Ft
----
r "' Averaging Time Period
L Olhet Data
Mate Demity of Ak !t221lE-03
(
L Tyrw:¢1 Shape Coofficitf.t
r
!
r
233
OtteCD
r
IL
Post-Tensioning
IL.
234
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 117 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
Tendons in Slab
Perspective Plan View
Side View
235
Otte(D
Deformations
Dead Load
PT Load
236
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 118 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte(D
- SAPZOOO shows area stresses contour for a selected load case or combination.
r
I
~lfl;-<
.ij r l\m,lTir"'%
~ 8-dbe:u,
•
Top Face Stresses
r ,- Sil
r HJ
,~ W;;;,N
r S-11ef""*1~-1'4S'
p- $J;w(c,,i=.zc,:,&.., f<rl~G,¢,:,1
Bottom Face Stresses
237
OtteCD
Tendons in Beam
r
L
Elevation View
l
Tendons
I'
l •
f
L
I Applied Tendon Load by SAP2000
238
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 119 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Stresses
- SAP2000 computes frame stresses for a selected load case or combination.
~t,/C,wbo
Caui/Combo Home !oL,PT .:l
Moments
r M=rll·J
,., illf~:,:J{D:~ C" St:e1:Sl1Alf>ffl
,~ Ste:l S11 Mn jru;1 ..:.J
! Slm:SllM~'lfo
Max Stresses
" "".,.~ I ,,.-1
' r StmiVM:cnD~,)<ll D.neel I
Min Stresses
239
OtteCD
How to get Help?
• Tips
• On-Line Help (Fl)
• User Manuals
• Reference Books
• Movie Tutorial on Installation CD
Or on http://www.csiberkeley.com/support/watch-and-learn
• Email: [email protected]
240
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Otte©
Tell us your Problems!
• Your model: *.SOB & *.52K files
• The version of SAP2000 you are using
• Brief description of you model
• Brief description of you problem
• The exact wording of any error messages
• Your computer configuration
• Your name, company, address, phone, fax
and e-mail
241
,. '
L.-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Otte©
Structural Engineering Is ...
• The Art of Using Materials
That Have Properties Which Can Only Be Estimated
• To build real structures
That Can Only Be Approximately Analysis
• To withstand forces
That Are Not Accurately Known
• So that our responsibility with respect to public
safety is satisfied
* Extracted from Wilson's "Three Dimensional Static & Dynamic Analysis of Structure"
242
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 121 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
OtteCD
Otte International Pte Ltd
www.ottegroup.com
Choo, June Shyan P.E.
[email protected]
+65 6684 2268
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 122 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
MESH TRANSITIONING AND COMPATIBILITY
THE AUTOMATED LINE CONSTRAINT IN ETABS & SAP2000
Ashraf Habibullah, S.E., President & CEO, Computers & Strnctures, Inc.
M. Iqbal Suharwardy, S.E., Ph.D., Director ofRcsearch & Development, Computers & Strnctw·es, Inc.
In the application of the Finite Element Analysis Method, the most time consuming task is
usually the creation and modification of the finite element mesh of the system. Not to mention the
fact that creation of mesh transitions from coarse to fine meshes can be very tedious. Also
matching up node points to create compatible meshes at intersecting planes, such as walls and
floors can be very labor intensive. And even if the mesh generation is automated the mesh
transitioning usually produces irregular or skewed elements that may perform poorly. This may
have adverse effects on the design, especially in regions of stress concentration, such as in the
vicinity of intersecting planes.
The object based modeling environment of ETABS & SAP2000 clearly addresses these time-
consuming shortcomings of the Finite Element Method.
In the object-based modeling environment the Engineer generates the structural model by creating
only a few large area objects that physically define the structural units such as wall panels, floors
or ramps. The finite element mesh is not explicitly created by the user, but is automatically
L generated by assigning meshing parameters to the area objects. These parameters may include
variables, such as mesh size, mesh spacing and mesh grading among others. With this capability
the engineer can study the effects of mesh refinement by just defining a few control parameters.
The new model with the desired level ofrefinement is thus created with minimal effort.
r If the meshes on common edges of adjacent area objects do not match up, automated line
constraints are generated along those edges. These Line Constraints enforce displacement
It compatibility between the mismatched meshes of adjacent objects and eliminate the need for
mesh transition elements.
What makes this technology really powerful is that while making modifications to the model the
Engineer need only be concerned about the few large physical objects of the structure. The
modified finite element analytical model gets recreated automatically with any changes to the
base objects.
The following examples are designed to illustrate the power and practicality of this technology.
! Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 123 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
EXAMPLE 1
Simply Supported Plate (Mismatched Meshing)
As illustrated in Figure I, this is a model of a simply supported plate, which has been modeled in
two different ways. In one case the mesh is uniform across the plate and in the other case the
mesh is fine on one half of the plate and coarse on the other half of the plate. In the latter case, an
interpolating line constraint is automatically generated to enforce displacement compatibility
between the adjacent halves of the plate where the mesh does mot match. As shown in the figure,
correlation between the two models is very good.
££;(:;;;q/:y: ·:-:~lQJE
DEFORMED SHAPES
!\ j c1
4·
Mismatched
Meshes
:)4
',J~,
I•
!ti
Matching
4'1 Meshes
(Unifonn)
Figure 1: Simply Supported Plate with Mismatching Edges
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 124 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
EXAMPLE2
Curved Ramp Suppmted by Curved Wall
This example, Figure 2, illustrates the use of Line Constraints to capture the interaction of a
curved shear wall supporting a curved ramp. Notice that there are no joints at the points where the
ramp element edges intersect the wall element edges. Displacement compatibility along the lines
of intersection of the ramp and the wall is enforced automatically by the generation of Line
Constraints along those lines. Notice how the application of Line Constraints allows the wall and
ramp mesh to retain a simple rectangular (or quadrilateral) configuration. A conventional finite
element model would be very irregular because it would need all the additional joints (and
corresponding elements) to allow for the ramp element and wall element edge intersections.
r WALL & RAMP OBJECTS,
!
L
INTERNAL MESHING
Figure 2: Curved Ramp Supported by Cmved Wall
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 125 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
EXAMPLE3
Floor Slab - Shear Wall Compatibility
This example, Figure 3, illustrates a 3D Concrete Flat Plate Building with shear walls and an
elevator core. Again, in this model, Line Constraints automatically appear at the lines where the
floor and wall objects intersect. This, of course, as in previous examples, will enforce
displacement compatibility when mesh geometries do not match. As shown in the deformed
shape of the Elevator Core, in many places the wall meshing does not match the floor meshing.
All elements meeting at common edges, however, still show no displacement incompatibilities,
even though the element nodes do not coincide.
wij:at+,*ifflii,@i@:fl•l•Nfii -~~:/flfJ'4t122~~Af\{,?>::,fa-·, .J~L~J
;Eire ·-_gd1t Y1&1V ,. ~~o _-O[<ri/:~ie't()mr~ :,A&.ittie- ofoi)Jif ,Des!tiri_ !iiitfu~'.~-~- ···- " .-~~~ ]
.11 b 'cii: Lriil,!.'ii ~;~yr?'::,-!, {J[ Iii j; (@ @.!-~ 'fi;'ft)' fe) J3 LeJJti,d P1R -~- cf-6'r.fl: t', ,-&:_<':';:~ _'1i:(>c\' '! d h F},f,1 _,Tf/ '.:fit::::,~ j
:[1:1: ", Si: I :sJ~!'l' :r; 18J1!cl•? '.!I.,,; •$' ,,jsf ,n '""'""
M·:r. I lJJ Jiit1,c!la: l!!l 1 1!>La(:,;.1s.0 ,V " 'i 'r •. zs ·Ii::,:'
.J_gJJ:tl
Figure 3: Floor Slab - Shear Wall Compatibility
Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved. 126 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
EXAMPLE4
Shear Wall Spandrel Transition
This example, Figure 4, models a Shear wall - Spandrel System, illustrating mesh
transitioning from the spandrel to the shear wall. Line Constraints are generated as
needed in any direction. In this case the Line Constraints are vertical as well as
horizontal.
WALL OBJECTS INTERNAL MESHING
[
f Figure 4: Shear Wall - Spandrel Transition
i
L
r
l BIBLIOGRAPHY
I. Computers & Structures, Inc., "SAP2000 - Integrated Sqfiwarefor Structural Analysis
& Design, Technical R~ference Manual"
2. Computers & Structures, Inc Website: www.computersancl~tructures.com
r
l
[
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 127 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2DOO v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 128 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r·
i
SAP2000 EXERCISE 1: SIMPLE BRIDGE
r
!
r
L
r
L
'
L
SET UP THE GRID SYSTEM
DEFINE MATERIALS
DEFINE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
DRAW STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
AUTO SELECT LIST FOR FRA~IE ELEMENT
REPLIC1\TE
AUTOMATIC ~!ESH FOR FRJ\~IE
MOMENT RELEASES
!i
L'
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 129 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SETTING UP THE GRID
FILE>NEW MODEL ...
j New Model Initialization - Project Information I
I r- Initialize Model from Defaults with Units !KN.m.~.iJl Modify/Show Info... I I
. r Initialize Model from an Existing File
1-- - -- ---- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I I
1- Select Template - - - - -- - -----
_.. I
1
Blank
1•11• Ill
Grid Only Beam 2D Trusses 3D Trusses 20 Frames
30 Frames
II Wall Fial Slab Shells Staircases Storage
Structures
Underground
Concrete
11111•
Solid Models Cable Bridges Caltrans·BAG Quick B1idge Pipes and
Plates
• In the "Initialize Model from Default Units" drop down menu, select the KN, m, C
• Click on Grid Only
Grid Only
Copyright © 2012. All Rights Reserved. 130 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Input the number of Grid Lines and Grid Spacing as shown
Cartesian Cylindrical
,- Coordinate System Name---···--·----·-,
I JGLOBAL .. I
-Number of Grid Lines---------------------
X direction
Y direction
Z direction
- Grid Spacing--------·--·-·----·1
X direction
Y direction 4 I
Z direction 4 I
~-----------·-_J
1 First Grid Line Location---------,
X direction lo
Y direction 101
Z direction lo
L OK Cancel
r
L
• Click OK
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 131 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
You should see the following grid on your screen after clicking OK.
...__ >j
JI
I I
i}
j
-. \
'--
··;\\~)'
'·\17-··'
I
I '
Note that you may edit your grid by going to Define>Coordinate Systems/Grids ... and then Click on
Modify/Show for the selected grid system
f.<li! Ecimit
Urit: Gridlr.n
Sys lent ll.om11 l•:11 m.C 3
XG1~0bl!
__ J Gn.1!0 a1c.-,a1e I t ..... r12~ Vcioi!~ I Bu1!b'eloc-
P11n,e,;1 Sh>,
+I•
A 0. End
a
•'
P11m•r.Y SI'°"' End
C P!irr"1ry Sh>, E'~d
I D 6. Pnma,y S>= End
5 0. Prim~,v Show E~d
!i 6 '' ,0, Prim~w
'"'' ,,,
End
-·- "
7 G_ Prim"'¥
'"''
Sh,,,
YG1dD"1~
"
Grid ID
''
01C.-,ete
Prim~ry
----·-----
Liw Type Vis:~i:v
fr.d
r- Ordnffl r Spa:;rn~
1 1 SIJrt
T
2 2
0 Pr,m111y
P«n~,y '""'
SJ~ s,~,t
r
-,- r
Hr.lo!'>] Gt,d Lino;
Gf.J~toGriHir,e,
s-
6
7 BWbleS"e lo.a125
-,-1 .:J
ZG,dD..to
Ae,eltoOe!~wl Cobr
o,ci1~te J
Gri~JO
z, 0
Lne T1--::ie
Pm,.ir.1
Vi1tili1v
s..., ,,,
l8tb~Hoc.j
,,, Ae--,~erOrdn~ie:
PIHNI;' s1,,.,
J
_,_1
i
Z2
'
! '
5
6 I
7 I :-_·_o~.· -JJ
-,-1 ~
.:J
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 132 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
DEFINING MATERIALS
DEFI N E>MATERIALS ...
• Go to Define>Materials ...
Materfa[s-----~ - Click
• 111,~ i Add New Material Quic~ ..
J' ASSZFySO
---------~
Add New Material..
I _ _A_d_d_C_o~py_o_l_M_,t_e,_i,_L_.- ~
I Modif11/Show Material..
i De!ete Material
r Show Advanced Properties
1r··nK·:1
Cancel I
• Click on Add/New Material
• Fill in the Material data form for an 5275 Steel as follows:
STEEL MATERIAL:
ls275 Ill
!steel 3
IL .::.Mo:,;1,1.,,,ii.u,.1,,:;:. ·,1
Units
Weight per Unit Volume 176.9729 IKN.m.C 3
Mau per Unit Volume
· ls:olropic P1ope1ty Data
l Modulus of Elastici[9, E
Poisson's Ralio, U
Coelficient of Thermal Exi,ansion, A
l2.05E-.08
I
Shea1 Modulus, G
Other Properties for Steel Materials
J
Minimum Yield Stress, Fy 12,sooo
Minimum Tensile Stress, Fu 1330000
! Effective Yield Stress, Fye 12,sooo
Effective Tensile Stress, Fue 1330000
!'
I.
r Switch To Advanced Propeity Display
OK I Cancel
• Click 01<
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 133 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
CONCRETE MATERIAL:
Similarly to define the concrete, in the Materials Window, click on "Add New Material. .. "
• Set the Weight per Unit Volume as 23.5631
2
• Set the Modulus of Elasticity to 26000000 kN/m
• Click 01<
Material Name and Display Color C30 •
Material Type j Concrete .i]
Material Noles Modify/Show Notes... I
:- Weight and M a s s - - - - - - - - - -
Weight per Unit Volume
Mass per Unit Volume
ll!i!fflll
!2 4028
~~1::.m.C~~~
Isotropic Property D a t a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Modulus of Elasticity, E l2soooooo
Poisson's Ratio. U lo.2
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. A !9.900E·06
Shear Modulus, G !10833333
i-Other Properties for Concrete Male1ia!s
I Specified Concrete Compressive Strength, f'c !30000
r lightweight Concrete
r Switch To Advanced Property Display
Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 134 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
You should see the following in the materials window
, a 111~.
A992Fy50
Add New Material Quick. .. I
A992Fy50·1
C30
Add New Material...
I
~
Add Copy of Material ..
S275
Modify/Show Male1ial
Delete ~:teria_l_ _ j
r! ---------
r Show Advanced P1operties
OK
l _,,_, -- - - ~ -------·
.. -,.,,-.
Cancel
DEFINING SECTION PROPERTIES
DEFINE>SECTION PROPERTIES>FRAME SECTIONS
• Go to Define>Section Properties>Frame Sections ...
Properties. :" Click to:
Find this properly:
Impo1t New P1opeity
I Add New Properly...
Add Copy of Property.
r.
I
!..
Cancel
I
l
Copyright© 2012. All Righls ReseNed. 135 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on "Import New Property ... "
Select Propert}' Twe--- ------------------- - ~ - - ---
Frame Section P1operty Type !steel
, Click to Import .a Steel Section - ---- -·- --- - - - - - - -------,
.JL ][
Double Ch~nnel
0
Pipe
D
I
Steel Joist
• Click on I/Wide Flange
I
.I/Wide.Flange,
• Browse to the installation folder of your SAP2000 software (Default Location: C:\Program
Files\Computers and Structures\SAP2000 14 folder
• Locate the BSShapes.PRO file and Click Open
t·faw.e Date med f,~~ T;pe
...J Al)L:l,Pr.v ~J..;4•iV!JJ iL-::ti hM 1'>1V ~!I~
.J AlSC13.pro MC01£0%1111 t.M PROF,!~
-,
Al503M.pro
...J 4i2D-2G0611JCI t,t,\ Pr,o r,1e
i
-,J _j AlSCASD9.?P.O 1!23-19%959 Af.1 PRO r,lt
I ...J AlSCLRFOl.pro s,21,20%6-25 rt11 rno F,k,
Cl i AlSCLRF02.pro ~;Lf,~006/J:Z:,Pt.l f',-\Ohlc
I
I , A1SCLRF03.pro €.<)c -2(}J3 !L:S /,M PRO F,le
i Alum,num.pro U~f-~0% :L~, Pf,{ P,-\0 hlsc
J -~- Au;NZVS.pro __ _ 2'9·2M410:0l M,l PRO F,IJ
-----------
i BSShap~.PRO 1/31/20'.H S:04 PM PAD f,it
_: BSSh~pe:lCIOO.pro 7<:-:V:>312S3PH PPOF,I~
- ' Chine.5e.pro 4:;1,H-O'l8 1] Pt.'. PRO Fil,•
(h1no-sFGR.'lll.nrr, Pro F,1~
F,len~me: BS.Sh~pe,PRO [Pic;mtyFilcs['p:o) ... J
I Qper, [-..J I Cannl I
• Set the Material as 5275
• By Holding down the SHIFT key, Select all the Sections from UB127x76x13 to UB686x2S4x170
• Click OK
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 136 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r·
I
Section Type IIMide Flange
Male,ial .!:Jr!S-27~5------.:::J~y
Select Sections to lmpo1t
r
267X134
UB76Z:<267X147
UB762X267Xl 73
LIB 762X267Xl 97
UB830092><176
UB83009Zl<194
UBB3l:0<29ZX226
UB914X30t,(201
L
OK Cancel
You should see the following in your Frame Properties Window
• Click OK to exit
r
I
L
~ Properties----------~--~- .- Click lo:
Find this propert_y: j I .... lmport New.Property ·.. .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.:'.'.'.~.'.~'.'.'.!(
JUB68EX254X170
UB53:N21 [(>(122
UB61Cl><22~101
A Add New Properw... I
UB61 Cl><22~113
UB61 Cl><22~125 Add Copy of Property...
UB61 Cl><22~140 I
UB61Cl><30EX149 'II Modify/Show Property...
UB61Cl><30EX179 I
UB61 Cl><30EX238 I Delete Property
UB68EX254X125 I
UB68EX254X140
~.J
UB68EX254X152
: ~:1:,-: ,f.s, ft
OK Cancel
...
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 137 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
CREATING AN AUTO-SELECT LIST FOR YOUR SECTIONS
o Lets define four auto selection lists for structure members:
• Click on "Add New Property"
rSe!ecl Prope1ty l y p e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Frame Section Propert_y Type !steel ..:.I
,- Click to Add a Slee! S e c t i o n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~
l
I I: i
'
l... 1/WideFlange ..J
][ D
Double Channel Tube
Auto Select list
I
Steel Joist
Cancel
• Click on "Auto Select List"
I
Auto Select List
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 138 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r
• Name the List as "PRIBEAMS":
• Select desired beam sections by holding the SHIFT Key and add them to the Auto Selection List
• Click Add
Auto Section Name IPRIBEAMS
r· Auto Section Type !steel
I Section Noles Modify/Show Noles...
------------
Choose Sections:
List of Sections Auto Selections
UB30cN1 OZX:25 A UB127X7EX13 A
r' UB30cN1 OZX:28
UB30cN1 OZX:33
UB30cN127X37
,i;_dd .\
UB15ZX:8~16
UB171:()(1 OZX:19
UB20::N1 OZX:23
U830cN127X42
U830cN127X48 ' r:if;'(li(I if: I UB20::N13::N25
UB20::N13::N30
U830cN16cN40 UB254X1 OZX:22
UB30cN16cN46 ·:;h,)1,',,I U8254X10ZX:25
UB30cN16cN54 UB254X1 OZX:28
UB35EX127X33 ~
U8254X14EX31
r Cancel
• Click OI(
Define another auto selection list for floor secondary beams and name it as "SECBEAMS".
Define an auto selection list for diagonal members and name it as "DIACHORDS".
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 139 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
DEFINE>SECTION PROPERTIES>AREA SECTIONS
e Go to Define>Section Properties>Area Sections ...
·Sections - .- Select Section Type To Add
1
1 jshell iJ
. !_ - ------
! i Clickto: ----------,
! i Add New Section. ..
,I
i
~
~
• Ensure that "Shell" is selected from the drop down menu
• Click on "Add New Section ... " and define 200mm concrete slab
• Ensure that the material name is C30, which is the concrete material previously defined.
Section Name
Seclion Noles ls2-oo=='--=!_I.
-
Modify/Show.,. .
Display Color
j
Type
r. Shell· Thin
C Shell - Thick
r Plate - Thin
II C" Plate Thick
ll~~==~=~·~·-
C" Membrane
Ma!e,ial
Material Name _:Jjc30 iJ
Material Angle 0.
~-- ------------ ----
Th"knm -- -- -
l- Memb1ane
Bending
-------
Conc1ele Shel! Section Design Parameters
.2
- --JI
I------------· -
Modify/Show Shell Design Parameters...
- Stiffness Modifiers ,-i,,,' ·-1
--- --·-------
~1 ,·,.,11 Fr-. 1:, w- - -
Set Modifiers... I
OK Cancel I
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 140 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r'
DRAWING O ECTS
FRAME
i.·.t,,.·•·. .·.•.·.'····.
· · •,,.·.·.·.1
._, .....,·.r:ii'ii].·
- .••..... ·.··.·.·.·,··
. • ?) •! ,@) J,J .ff) Jtd,,,.f). 'hf.''".'.';',,ee!/'•',>>·CC·
• Ensure that you are on the X-Y Plane with Z=O by clicking on
-...,:51
• Click on the "Draw Frame/Cable Element" .·~shortcut button on the left margin
•
~ ., .,., .,,~~···. .-----:-· _',/-:'··--·.----<··/·
.··~
Line Object Type Straight Frame
Section PRIBEAMS
Moment Releases Continuous
XY Plane Offset Normal 0.
Drawing Control Type None <space bar>
Ensure that the Property selected is "AUTO" which was previously defined
• Click from A2, then K2, Right Click to end your frame
• Click from Al, then Kl, then Right Click once again
L • Change section to SECBEAMS and click from Al , then A2, then Right Click once again
·«JUjt;'.Ll'-: .<>·:_"<,'>'·_:<\,' ··.·. ,., • ''l!,!j
'
Line Object Type Straight Frame
Section SECBEAMS
Moment Releases Continuous .
XY Plane Offset Normal 0.
Drawing Control Type None <space bar> .
You should see the following
.-' .-. /°,
I ..
A I J (c I I, DJ re ) r7i IGJ I 11 I ) I I ( K I
r
( 8 ( I J
I' 12 ) -
T r T T T T T T r T
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 141 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on the "Select Mode" ~fl shortcut button on the left margin and select the frame shown
below
• At the bottom of the screen you should see that 1 Frame is being selected
Al IB , Ci ID El I F GI H I I I J I I KI
I-
T T T T T
I
. I
Select the Frame
from Al toA2
I
I 1 f--
• Go to Edit>Replicate
• Set Increment dx as 4, and Set Number as 5
Linear Radial Mirror
~ lncrements----- Replicate Options--------
d, 14 Modif_y/Show Replicate Options...
dy ~lo___ 7 of 7 active bo8es are selected
d, lo. r Delete Original Obiecls
- Increment Data --------
Number 15
-' --------~
OK Cancel
• Click 01<
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 142 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
You should that frame members have been copied
iA B IC D E F GI H J K
2
T T T T T T T
1 - ·--------------------------------
Select the two horizontal members using "Select Mode"
&Ill 1!1 D
D I 2
a
A '. ' Ci D E
1
, Fi iH I'
11 111i111 11 111 11 a\111111111111!1111111 11 1111111 111 11 a s 11 11 DD 11'11 111 111 11 a!111 Iii 111 11 liliD Iii I Ill 11\11 111 I!! Iii,/. 11 11 Ill
•K
aim 11111
II
1
Ill El Ill l!I II l!I Ill D II II I af\l
' 11111111111111:1111111111 11111111 lilil llllil II Ill II II II D Iii Ill Iii Ill D Ill II Ill 11':lli Ill Ill Iii I 111111111111 D
zlll II D 11111 llil lllllllllllllll!llllllllll Ill IIHll 1!1 U Q 111111111 II a 1111111 111111111111111
I
Iii Ill ti l!I II! D Ill Ill Ill II ti 11111 I Ill Ill Iii D •••
: 1 D
.a Ill n S a Ill Ill Iii Ill Ill Ill II D Ill Ill Ill Ill Iii Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill Ill Iii Ill D II Ill II D D Iii II Ill II II Ill D Iii II 111 111 111 Iii Ill I II mD II Ill Iii II Ill 11 111
( Assign>Frame>Automatic Frame Mesh
Ensure that the "at intermediate joints" is selected (Default)
rL
r No Auto Meshing
r. Auto Mesh Frame
P" at lnlermedialeJoints
r
i r at Intersection with Other Frames. A1ea Edges and Solid Edges
r Minimum Number of Segments
r Ma:-iimum Length of Segments
r !1-,. 11,·.1·:,11,'-l,-1 J,c.J ·•o!f·-·
[(ur-,ed MernbereoJ
Units
IKN,m,C Cancel
• Click 01(
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 143 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Select the first 5 Vertical members using "Select Mode"
I B I ID I I F i I H I la;! J K
"°''•• a•
•• I ••
• • • • •
• • • • • • •• ••
• • • • • •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
.
•
•
••
•
••
•
I
• • • • • • •• ••
• • • • • •
• •• •• • • • • •
• • •• •• • ••
• • •• ••
••
•• • •
• • • • •
• '. •
•
•
• • •• •• •
•
•• I
• •
lllm: 11 11
•1111m 8 •11 •m .a•11
• Go to Edit>Replicate
• Set Increment dx as 2 and dz as 4, and Set Number as 1
Linear Radial Mirror
Increments------ Replicate Options--------,
dx 12 Modify/Show Replicate Options...
' dy Jo 7 of 7 active boxes are selected
--1 dz J4 r Delete Original Objects
I
, Increment Data
Number 1
OK Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 144 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
'i
,.,
lt,1
"'
1 '" '" "T "'
1 1 " ' ,,T'
:111111111
:> /
• Shift to the Top Plan (X-Y, Z=4) using the Toggle
You should see the plan view for Z=4 in the X-Y Plane
r-, ,-, - ,,
1'.A ' I (.a) 'C) Co) 1'E) (H I ( I )
i' 2
;
I--
r T T' T T '1 T
r
~
L
1;,
r
L -
( j )-
\_1
I
!'____'>-~·,-
·-~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~--~
,·,_
• Click on the "Draw Frame/Cable Element" shortcut button on the left margin
• Draw 2 Frames from B2 to J2, and from Bl to J1
!L
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 145 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
You should see the following display model from the plan view
,-.
I.A) 0)
"
12 \-
T r
[
..,__/
f,
i
i
I
(i')-
,_,, '
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 146 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
DRAWING DIAGONAL MEMBERS
ci Ciif., e
~~;.:>,:::~./ ,,,ilic,. -~Mi &l~,~)~i~t~L 3-d w . .x
• Change to the XZ plane with Y=O by clicking on
• Click on the "Draw Frame/Cable Element" shortcut button on the left margin
r Section
Straight Frame
DIACHORDS
I Moment Releases Continuous
XY Plane Offset ~lormal 0.
Drawing Control Type None <space bar>
Draw the diagonal Elements as shown below
D Note that you may choose to draw just 2 elements and replicate them
0 (2) r• .-, .-. I
),-<
(A)
I
),<.
ly ..
z:1 (21 (z )
>-r
ra)
11) 12'1
r1<1
12)
),i
I 6 )
I. Z I
. '
'•
( H I
(21
rr'1
I 2 )
),-<:'
(J)
I2
,,.,-,,
IK J
~) 1>y 'T
T T T' 1 i T T
I -H
I Ii
jjffi~
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 147 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
RELEASING MAJOR AXIS MOMENTS FOR G DIAGONAL MEMBERS
• Select the Diagonal Members using "Select Mode"
,-,
( 2 ) ( 2') I 2 I
(1
(~ .
M
l. a J (F'1
Assign Frame>Releases/Partial Fixity
Check the Start and End for the Moment 33 Major
-Frame Releases--
Release Frame Partial Fixity Springs
Start End Start End
A:,iial Load r r
Shear Force 2 (Major} r r
Shear Force 3 (Minor) r r
Torsion r r
Momeni 22 [Minor) r r
Momeni 33 (Maier) ,.J lo
Iv' i;, ;• lo
I ____,_ -- -----
r No Releases Unils !KN. m. C i]
OK Cancel
Click OK
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reseived. 148 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
We will now try to replicate the diagonal members to the other side
• Once again, select the Diagonal Members using "Select Mode"
r:•
I 2 I ( 2 J
-.I
l2
.-
(21 I 2 I (2 I
.-,
1_z)
.-.
(2 I (2 l
;,,{ .,-' :-r<:
7,
(A I 1'e:~ (C) I l '1 fF ) l6~ (,I') 1}~
I T T T T T
••
•
.
• ~
•
• Go to Edit>Replicate
• Set Increment dy as 4, and Set Number as 1
Linear Radial Mirior
lncremMts Replicate Options
d, lo Modif_y/Show Replicate Options,..
r dy 14 8 of 8 active boxes are selected
I L
d, lo r Delete Original Objects
lnc1emenl Data ---
I
k Number 1 I
L I
I
!
I
OK Cancel
• Click OK
'.
IL,
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 149 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Click and Draw from Top Left to j '
Bottom right
2 (2) ,l I :' I 2 (Z I' ' I 2'1
'iJ , i( 6 1 I j I'--,-,----------
;;; IO l iC l n I
'
i [ I
• Go to the X-Y Plane with Z=O by clicking on
• Use the "Draw Rectangular Area" tool qJ
• Ensure that 5200 is selected as the slab type
Click and Draw from Top Left to
Bottom right
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 150 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
!
!
I
• Select the Slab and Frame Members using "Select Mode"
I
'
• Edit>Edit Area>Divide Area ...
r O,vxleA,e., lnlo Th:: Ntin~• o! Obied:; [Q,mfa and T1ii1r<Jle.On~i')_ _ __
d,qfcylr,1f-i.,;11,·
lkf;Jf•:;plrr,hH1 o:'
r 01'/idekea Into Obiect, DI Th,~ Ma,Omum Sire [Qu<1:f. and i,i,,ngli:r, 0_,,i___
0 0
.-,h,Jfq~1,:nhd 1 t}~
"-J:nJ l:.c;,;i -11:<1 h·rl 11) -;
,;- Divide Area Ba;od On Point; DnAru Ed,;;o; (Qusds andTiiallgos Onl;J
Pcint: Oeleirnl"ledfmm
r lnter:ectoo: ofVicib!eSheight Gr,d Line: \•hhAlea Etlge:;
r., 11{1E!r!_e-cl0ll\" a1 Si!:eCt~d _Stia:sii\ (;r,e ·obpCti_Wfh Ali<J Ed9t~
r O,vn!Area Usi,-g Co"'i!!Cu! Sa:00 On Sebcled Shei!)ht LneObjxls
r
(
f' O,videAiea U:ir.;i Get'.e1<1I Oi,ide Tool 1Ja1ed On SeleetedP'-'1111 anrd_L'"-'-'---
[
tl>'>,•a ,o)~'cd [ L',<)dl);\
LoealAlw: Foi Added Poirit:
r Make :,:ime on Ed9e ,f a:j<1:enl comers have ,:;me Ioctl ,1~e1 def1\l'.~n
r Make :ome 0'1 foce l ol come,: have :t:ilme locd a~es delinfon
Re:tilirt: d00 Cordrnisl~ For Added Foiols
r Add w Edoe when rei~anl:/coot~.:i nl~ c,J:t at a-:j-11cent comet pollti
[Appl es if added edge poict drrl adja:ert comer pcinb ha'le ~:lll1e locll a~es de/nfOn)
r Add en F<1ee ~1htn rfflrai.u/c,:m:;ttan\; !!»:I at al co·ner po·nt;
V-.•pl.e; ,r <!ddtd foce po.nl ornl al come: po nh luvo ;a:nc bc.:il ~~ee delimhoo)
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 151 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Select the 5 piece of slab
• Assign>Area >Automatic Area Mesh
C" NoAIAoMeshing
.::l
I Med.Alea Into This Number of Obi«:ts (Quad; and Triangle: Onl-1,J_ _ _ __
ioJ,,n,J[dy: 1;.,,., - ,·,:n 1 J, Sub Me1h Option
,, f h,
r Sub Meth A$ AeQUlled ToOblm Elemenh llo
Larger Than TheSpecifiecl Ma:.:imum 51.:e
(~ Me1hAiea Into Objecls of Thit Ma:-imum Siie (Quads ar.d Tnang!e. , 0 ">,lc___
00 0
AJong Edge from Poir,t 1 to 2 [os
A!ono Ed,ie/romPoinl l to3
t1A.w[tgc•
Pciole Determined F1om
r
r
r Me.hArea Using Cookie Cut Based On Streight Line Obiecti In Meihing Gtoup
re
r Mesh Alea Using Cookie Cut Based On Point Objects In Meshing Gr,'""=-----
Rcht,on 0t Cut l1r".c;; Frnm.lrea L,,v,IA;,,c 1D;,1I
I MeshAma Using General Divide Tool Based On Points aru::l linecs In Meshi"3 Group
!AJ,,mqn S,:e. ol [i"·ded Ot·,~cl
- Local Axes For Added Points•------ "" ----------,
r Make same en Edge ii adjacenl corner: have same local axes defir.Hion
r Make =eon Face if all corners have same loclll axe; definition
- -------
Reslrainls and Coostrainh For Added Pcinle - -- - - ,__
r Mdon Edge when re;traints/constrainlt exilt at adiacenl corner points
(A~ies ii added edge poirt and adjace~t corner points have same local axes definitiori)
r Add on Face when re;traints/conslraints exitt at aU ccrner point;
(A~ies t adCed face point and aM come,- point; have same local axet delinit,on)
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 152 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Your analysis model should look like the following
You may wish to prevent the slab from taking any axial loads by excluding membrane stiffness of the
Slab which may act as a flange. To do this you will need to modify the Stiffness Modifiers as follows
• Select the Slab Members using "Select Mode"
• Assign>Area>Area Stiffness Modifier
f
I · Property/Stiffness Modifiers for Analysis--·····-------,
Membrane f11 Modifier !001
Membrane f22 Modifier 10011
Membrane f12 Modifier
Bending m11 Modifier
8 ending m22 Modifier
Bending m12 Modifier
Shear v13 Modifier
Shear v23 Modifier
Mass Modifier
Weight Modifier
,, _______________
OK Cancel
[
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 153 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on "Select Mode"
:::::
:::::!!::
'····
Cl
D
0
Window the 2 points selected
and ensure 2 points is selected
on the bottom right
•
• Click on
-
Assign>Joint> Restraints
1B
Restra1n\,s 1nJoml Local Directions
~ Transfa\1on 1 r Rotation about 1
~ Translallon 2 r Rotation about 2
[ ~ Translation 3 r Rota hon about 3
DK Cancel
• Click OK
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 154 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
•••
r •
Window the 2 points selected
and ensure 2 points is selected
on the bottom right
• Assign>Joint> Restraints
rl n
• Click on
[
- Restraints in Joint Local Directions
r Translation 1 r Rotation about 1
r Translation 2 r Rotation about 2
r
"' Translation 3 Rotation about 3
I
!
- Fast Reshaints
i
'
-- --- - - - - - - - -
OK Cancel
• Click QI(
{
I
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 155 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
LOADINGS r
l
• Go to "Define> Load Patterns ... " and define a new LIVE load pattern:
Self Weight Auto Lateral
Load Pattern Name Multiplier Load Pattern
luv, .:::] o ..:.I
==------,~D~EAD=-----,~,----,~-----
Odele Load Pattern
Show Load Paltem Noles ...
OK
Cancel
• Select floors elements and go to "Assign > Area Loads > Uniform (Shell) ... " and apply 2.4 kN/m2 as dead
load:
-Uniform Load-------, 1- Options--
I1 Load 12-~ I I (" Add to Existing Loads
I I ~ Replace Existing Loads
Coard System GLOBAL
Direction
L-= Delete E,i,ling Load,
Cancel
• Select floors elements again and go to "Assign> Area Loads> Uniform (Shell) ... " and apply 5 kN/m2 as live
load:
;- Load Pattern Name--------~l j Units
.::.JI LIVE .:) L KN, m, C
J
- Uniform Load--------, Options-
1
Load I~ r· Add to Existing Loads
Coard System jGLOBAL C.- Replace Existing Loads
Direction jGravity r Delete Existing Loads
OK Cancel
SAVED as SimpleBridge.s2k
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 156 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
f
SAP2000 EXERCISE 2: FACTORY - STEEL STRUCTURE WITH RC BASE
r
!
I .
I
r
It
!L
I
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 157 Otte International Pte Ltd
X Z Plane, V=O Note that the XZ Plane at V=O, V=6, Y=12 and Y=18 is identical
0
0
~
(5·
:a:
4
T
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*" ~ ~ ~
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?- Cl
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SHHf150Y.150X12 - .,..
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2DOO v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
I
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.c: N ~<C f- om::xoouo
ro
.c:
.....
<II
.....
0
z
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 159 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
(.,.\c:,)- om:>=ooB::i .,,,,
:,
'
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um:~omi::i .,,,
V)
N
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 160 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
XY Plane, 2=3
IO I
-. (c l
DfiM;,;?,M r Di':nl'l:,:'.l;l'lfl T A.(;M:i,:3Di)
g 8 g g g g 8 0
0 8
~ M
'0:1 "'"
' 0
0
:li
0
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w
" 0
'"w
';I
0
§
w
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0
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:li
"i i
0 0
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:li i"
0 "''
0
I B600x300 B600x300 B000x300
g g
~ "
0 0
8M
8 0
~
0 0
M
":li ~ 10
M M
0 a 0" 0 0 0 0" '
0
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 161 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
w
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wQ)
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 162 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
GRID INFORMATION
In this exercise, select default grid o,,,,,,,, , with the defaults dimensions.
!-New Model Initialization r
---- 1 Project Information-----· - -1
r <• Initialize Model from Defaults with Units IKN,m,C _!] ~ I Modify/Show Info... 1
.
II r Initialize Model from an Existing File
I
r
I
Select Template
Blank
11111111
Grid Only Beam 2D Trusses 30 T,usses
3D Frames
II Wall Flat Slab Shells
Underground
Concrete
Solid Models
--·
Cable Bridges Caltrans·BAG Quick Bridge Pipes and
Plates
f:
I
I
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 163 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Delete the last row for ZS as we will not need it in this exercise
f:dit format
1· ::.-::=---·------ jGLOB.b.l - - - ~ - - - - - ] [ Ujn:::~- - ·-· 3 J I Grid Line~uick ~,:,t~-
· X Grid Data
Grid ID Ordinate Line T_ype Visibility Bubble Loe.
A I 0. Primar,Y Show End
2 B I 6. Prima1,Y Show End
3 C I 12. Primar,Y Show End
4 D '
I
I
18. Primar,Y Show End
5 -- "--i-------- --· --- -- --
6 ' ----
-----~
7
8 _.:.I
1-Y Grid Data -Display Grids
Grid ID line T_ype Visibil~.Y Bubble Loe. I r. Ordinates r Spacing
Primar~_ ,--~~~ .·.-.. --2~~ - .
2 Primar_y Show Start
3
·,7· - - ·-
Priffiar_y ---r--Sh~~-:--· Slart- r Hide AU Grid lines
4 Primary! Show ' Start
- , ------1--~------- r Glue lo Grid lines
_J ~------'-· --
Bubble Size 105
- ' - ------- -
_J _
Resel to Default Color
Grid ID Ordinate line Type Visibilit_y Bubble Loe. ~
-------
1 Z1 0. Primary Show End
Reorder Ordinates
2 Z2 3. Primary Show End
3 Z3 6. Primary Show End
4 Z4 9. Primar_y Show End
5
6
7 Cancel
8
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 164 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
CONCRETE
- General Data---------·----·- ---·-- ·------·----·---~ ----·-
Material Name and Display Color !C30 •
Material Type Jconcrele .=J
I
L Matelial Notes Modify/Show Notes,..
-Weight and Mass-- -Units-----,
1
; Weigh! per Unil Volume !23.5631 JKN.m.C
I Mass per Unil Volume ______ ~!:.'"•.,"'10"'"2'"8_ __
Isotropic Property
Modulus of Elasticity, E j26000000
Poisson's Ralio, U 102
Coelficient of Thermal Expansion, A j9900E-06
Shear Modulus, G !10833333
Other Properties for Concrete Malerials -
Specified Concrete Compressive Strength, f'c '30000
r Lightweight Concrete
rL
r Switch To Advanced Prope1ty Display
OK Cancel
I
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 165 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
STEEL
- General Data---------- -· - ---------- ---1
Material Name and Display Color IS275 II i
Malerial Type iSleeI .:J i
1
Material Notes Modify/Show Notes.. j
. . _J
-Weight and Mass Units---
r
Weight per Unit Volume !76 972~ jKN,m,C 3
I Mass per Unit Volume j?.848
I- Isotropic Propert.Y Data
Modulus of Elasticit_y, E j2.000E+08
Poisson's Ralio, U Jo3
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion. A j1.170E-05
Shear Modulus, G !76923077
-Other Properlies for Steel Materials--- -
Minimum Yield Stress. Fy !275000
I
I:=~=:~~:
j330000
!275000
!330000
I
r Switch To Advanced P1operly Display
OK Cancel
Copyrighl © 2012. All Righls Reserved. 166 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
FRAME SECTION PROPERTIES
IMPORT FRAME PROPERTIES FROM SECTION FILE "BSSHAPES.PRO"
Import SHHF Sections from SHHF100x100x4 to SHHF150x150x12.5
Import UC Sections from UC152x152x23 to UC 356x406x634
DEFINE FRAME PROPERTIES
Section Name !csoo,300
Section Noles Modify/Show Notes...
Prope1ties -- - Prope1[J Modifiers -1 Material
Section Proper~es.. I ! Se! Modifiers.,, 11
~jC30 iJ
Dimensions --
Deplh [t3) !os
Width ( 12 J !o.3
Display Colo,
Concrete Reinforcement ..
Cancel I
Section Name !ssoo,300
Section Notes
----------=======---~
Properlie:s -··-··----· -1 Prope,t_y Modifiers
Modif,y/Show Notes...
Material---- - - · - - - -
Section Properties.. Set Modifiers... I 2.11 C30 i]
- Dimensions-
Depth [t3 J !o.s
I' .
Width (t2)
Display Colo,
Concrete Reinforcement. ..
Cancel !
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 167 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
AREA SECTION PROPERTIES
Section Name !soos Section Name lszoo
Section Notes Modify/Show... I Section Noles
Display Color Ill Display Colo1
Type - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Type
r. Shell· Thin (;,, Shell· Thin
r Shen - Thick r Shell- Thick
r Plate· Thin r Plate· Thin
r Plate Thick ! r Plate Thick
r Membrane r Membrane
r Shell- Layered/Nonlinea1 I Shell- Layered/Nonlinear
Mate1ial . - ---------·----- Material
Material Name _:<jjS275 ii i ' Material Name .:':JI C30
I
Material Angle 0. I Material Angle 0.
Thicknes: - - - - - - ~ • Thickness
Memb1ane 15.000E-03 Membrane 10.2
Bending 15.000£-03 Bending
---- -- __ _l
,- Conc1ete SheR Section Design Parameters
MOO~y/Show SheH Design Parameters...
·----- - - - - - - -
,- Stiffness Modifiers - - 1 1· l--- - smness Modflers - -·
Se\ Modifieis... I I Set Modifiefs... I_I
LOAD PATTERNS
- Load Patterns Click T o : - - - - - - - ~
Self Weight Aulo Lateral
T_11pe Multiplier Add New Load Pattern
Load Pattern Name Load Pattern
DL
LL
NLX
...
!DEAD
LIVE
NOTIONAL
.:]1
0
0 Auto
.:l Modif_11 Load Pattern
NLY NOTIONAL 0 Auto Delete Load Pattern
Show load Pattern Notes...
OK
Cancel
Use a Notional Load applied of 1.5% of Load Pattern Name "DL"
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 168 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
LOADINGS
2
Assign a DL of 1.5 kN/m and LL of 4.0 kN/m 2 to the S200 Shell
2
Assign a LL of 0.5 kN/m to the SOOS Shell
SAVED FactoryComplete.s2k
I
R
I
L
!
I
I
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 169 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
RESULTS: STEEL FRAME DESIGN l
L
After running the analysis and design, you may right click on any member to view the
detailed calculations that are performed by SAP2000. We will show a few calculations as an
example.
To run the steel design go to Design>Steel Frame Design>Start Check/Design of Structure
Steel Curved Section
-
I ·1 •\ I 4
-
I A
X Z Plane, Y=O -U I C I 0
Right Click on Member to
view Design Calculations
!L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reseived. 170 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
By Default the critical case will be highlighted after right clicking on a particular member.
Click "Details ... " to view the detailed calculations
F1ameJD 32 Analysit Section !SHHF151Jxl5Ct<12.5
Detkln Code !BS5950 2000 Design Section !SHHF15©<15a<125
COMB-0 STATIOll /----MOMElIT IH!ERAC!IOU CHEC".<-----//-MAJ-SHR---M!N-SHR-/
ID LOC RATIO AXL + B-!-'.AJ + B-HIU AATIO RATIO
DSTLl 0.00 0.092{!) 0.070 + 0.019 + 0.003 0.000 0.000
DSTLl 0. 91 0.086{!) ,. 0.070 + 0.015 + 0.002 0.001 0.000
DSTLl 1. el 0.075(!) = 0.070 + 0.004 + 0.000 0.003 0.000
*''
DSTL2
' "
0. 91 0.130{!) = Q.107 + o.o.n + 0.002
' 0 .002 0.000
05112 1. 81 0.115(I) ., 0.107 + 0.007 + 0.000 0 .003 0.000
Modify/Show Oveiwrijes Display Details IOI Selected Item Display Complete Details -
Overwrites Tabular Data I
Style~heel: Defautt
" f' L Table Fornwt File I
USS95U 2UUU SH.EL SECT,IUN CHECK
Colllbo DSTL2
Units : IC_H, Jll, c
Frane 32 Design: Sc.ct: SHHF150X15 OX12 .5
X Iii(! 11.7211 Design: T9pe: R1·,1r.1>
y !Iii.I 0.000 fFdl'H:." Tt)fJP Ho.neut R:e!.{!,lii1y fl'<Jllle
2
Loo
''t'
I.Pnth
t:m ~ect Class : Class 1
jttjnt· ·n:.:i<; : n._lllUl (IP!JrPPS Co11ote"rr.lor.k/:1isP from local 3
LLF : 1. 000
Area u.uur _SMajor 2.//31:-04 1·t1ajor U. US6 n_ut-lajot·_: u.ml3
1Majo1· 2.080E-D5 SMinor 2.773E-OIJ t·tlino'r IJ. 056 AUMinor: IJ. 003
minor 2.080E-05 _2Major 3.441£-0ti E 2 00000000. 00
I>y 0.000 211inor 3,11111E-Ol1 Fy 275000.0DIJ'
Effective Length Factor
srnESs 'c11Ec1c FOl!CES r. MUHl:HfS K is set to 1 in SAP2000
Lociltion
0.000 '"
197 .!Hl6
llu33
2.7'13
llu22
-0.341 ""'
0.485 ""'
-IJ.158 '"
0.333 for beams and braces
PHM D[llfUlD/CRPACIT'/ RRlIO
Gou'e1·ning Total p !major_ MMinor
_Equ_.ilfon Ratlu Ratio : Rallo Raliu
( 11.8 .2.2) 0.1.taO 0.107, , 0.029 0.0011 Length Factor is 1 in
AXIRL FORCE DESIGN major axis direction
Fe or Ft Po pt
Force capac}ty ca"pacit.!) and 2 in the minor axis
Axial 197.306 15.taB.578 I 18'15.250
HOME.Hf DESIGH
direction
Honent '' Capacity "' capac_ity
Mb
HajOI' MOl'lent ' 2,7ll3 94.634 94.634
Minor J.lor,lent '"0,!141 911.6311
Major Moment
SHEAR DESIGN
,, Stl'CSS Status m factor is 0.774
)-1.lfnt' SllP-,11'
Force'"
11.4H'::>
Capacity Ratio Check Toi·sion '"
Mino,· Sl11!dr 0.1S8
!>S:i.'ifS
553.575
ll. 1Hl1
o. 000 ""
OK
ll. lllHI
o. 000
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 171 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Steel Column Section
I 4
B I
X Z Plane, Y=O
•
•
••
Right Click on Member to
..
•2
111
view Design Calculations
.'
•
•
~
••
m •
BS59'ill 2111lll STEEi. SECTIOII CIIFCIC
Conbo DSTL2 .
u_111t~ : Kil, n, _c
Fr ant!
X llid •
18.UUU
Dedgn Sect
Ue!.ign rype
UC30SX30SX118
Colunn
Y ni'd 0.000 rrane Type Horn.>n·t Resistfng r1•ane
2 Hid 11.500 Sect Class Class 1
l.enqth 3.000 Ma1ot· Axis 0.000 deqr('es Countel'cloclmise fl·on. local 3
u.uuu 1. uou
'" l!LU-
Area
lMajiw
IHinur
11. 01,;
2.767£-011
9.0S?E-05
~:: 1~::
21'1.ijor
ILIIA?
S.89lJE-llli-
ll.1102
rtMjo1·
rttinur
E
Jl.13{,
0.078
2 000000011. Oil
o. 11011 2Hinot· 8.9511£-0!~ Fy
'"
' '
275000.0110
S1RESS CHECll F~RCES r, HOHEHTS Effective Length Factor K
Locatil.fri ,- - ' Pu: Mu33 Mu22 i.iu2 U"3
·u.uou -511.!131 1 -41.3111 -6 .25'1 ~2,_J1_~_s -2.ll32
i ! -- - i is computed for columns
Pim Dft1AHO/CAPACITY RATIO
Guvernlug· Tut.al mldjur IIMhlllr based on summation of
. ~_ql_l;:,_t_i(III_ ,_____ _ Ratio: Ratio llatio Ratio
(4.8.3.3.1-2 0.151 0.021, 0.100 o-:·024; joint stiffness 1/L ratios
A'xiAL FORCE oEsic-H
Fe or· Ft'
"
pt
, Force Capacity capacity
11:d.al "!:i8.B31 21J12.9l;U 412~.uuu
I
MOHE,HT DESIGH
n
ltajn1· llm::u.>nt
l-1ol"lent:
!11 .318
" He
capacity
539.0011 41li.772
1-111
Ci!pac_ity Factor"
:l.S44
L
Factor
1.11011
Filctor
0.473
llllt '
F.:icto1-
1.1100
Minnr 1111111!.'nt -(,.259' 2Ji3.125 :? .303 1.,11111 O.fi10
SHEAR OESIGH__ ,
r, r, Stress Status
i•lajot· Sln.•.ir
For·ce
22.-485
Capacity
622.71B
Ratio
0.036,
!!heck
OK
'"
Torsion
0.000
Mi_no1· Sheat· 2.1132' 17117 .269 0.001 OK 0.000
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 172 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
RESULTS: CONCRETE FRAME DESIGN
To run the concrete frame design go to Design>Concrete Frame Design>Start Check/Design
of Structure
Concrete Beam Section
I ·I 1 I •I I 1
I A
X Z Plane, Y=O B I C I 0
r
r
I
lllBlillllllllElllll!lllllllllllllllllllllllllBlilllDIIDIII lll/1
: I •
•
~ammmmmmmmmmmmmmammmmmmam m
Right Click on Member to
view Design Calculations
r
L
L As in the case for steel design, by default the critical case will be highlighted after right
clicking on a particular member. Click "Details ... " to view the detailed calculations:
Frame ID Ana!.11sis Section [B600x300
Desicn Code Design Section [BS00,300
COMBO S!AIICU !O? BO!!OM SHEAR
ID LOC STEEL STEE.L STEEL
OC0113 5200.00 277. 668 0.000 0.334
1:-:on3 5200.00 277.668 0.000 0.334
OCON3 5600.00 277. 668 0.000 0.334
D-:0?13 5600.00 285.778 0.000 0.334
DCOIB 410.741 0.000 0.334
,_,
L ' ' "'
-Display Details /or Selected Item Display Complete Details
II Details j I
Note that the rebar is
I Tabular Data
Slylesheet· Default
computed for different Cancel I Table Format File I
locations
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 173 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
File
Un~s ,N,mm,C 3
0 '. -· ... !
- ·s_irig_apo"re CP 65:99 BEflt.f"SE"cTii:ffl DESIGN T!Jpe: S\•Ja!J Fran"e Units:· t-1;, mm. C
E.ie1T1"enf: 2
Station Loe o. ,rn'o
. Sl!Ct;iori. fD B600x300
0
Co1T1b 0 ID DCOll4
L"'6000.000
9,,,300.000 o,.·6oll.iiiio bF;,;300.000 ·ds=·o.o·oo dct,.15°0.lJo,r dch,,,is"o.oll0,
-~"'2_6~00.00_0 _f!J=41a:.oes _fcu_=~-~~~~o Li9.ht \-Jt. Shf. _Fac_.=1.00_0 _f!J~-,.~_13.685
pE5_!G~ N~_M_E_HTS, H3
; Positive Hegal:iue
Hnment: Mn1T1ent
0.000 -110291387
0
i=LE:mRAL REIHfORCEI-IEHT FOR 1-IOIIEHT, M3
Re:quire~ .. Mo1T1ent -Holllent ttinimuR
Rebai- 1
Rebar · Rebar . Reba!·
T_op _ ( .. 2 Axis) __ 597 .657 ll. OOll 597 .657· 277 .668
Bottom" (.:.2 Axis)'- 0.000 ll.OOll - ·o:otH1 O.OllO
s11ERR RErnF0RcE11rnt' FOR SHEAR; ·v:f
Design' Shear Shear Shear
Rebat", uC;Gclllirilati -- 1JS/Gaiii111aH
'~.334 ""
87284.692 76990.761' 64800.000
Concrete Column Section
I 4 4 I 4 I
X Z Plane, Y=O
' ' B I C I D
T T
.J.
• •
•
• •
•
• Right Click on Member to
•
•• view Design Calculations
•
•
•
•
•m II 111'11
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 174 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
File
! I I
Singapore CP 65 :·99 COLUMH SECTION DESIGH Type:: S11ay F1·.aJr1e Units: N. mm.I C
! i I
Element;: 6
Station: Loe 3000. 000
Section! ID C800x300
I I I
Combo I ID OCOH.4
I I
L•3000.,000 , i I
8=300.000 D=800.000 dc=·67.026 ,
1 i i
~"'~6000:.0~0 fy='.41~.685 'fcu=ao.00 0 .Ligh~ Fac!.=1.000 _;fyu.=li1.?.6;ss
RLLF-·1 • 000 : ! ·1 I ~~-
1 i I I
AXH'IL FORCE r~ BI'l'IXIl'IL 11011ENT DESIGN FOR PU, M2;, M3 , . i 1 I
I n:ebar I Desig'n I De.sign I Des19n Nini.mum '.Minimum
Area i Pu ir11160264 M2 1h87631.3.~: 4717091!.i 769
f·12 113
6289;tl55.692
96~.000 31Jyf72.785 •.9
I' Bending
AXIAL FORCE & srn:unL 110MEHT FOCTO~S
1 . t·li I Madd Bet!a I L
I_ no,r1e_nt
Moment ! Facto)-" Le:ngth
~::::'.:
0
Hajor (M3) 6064'.4•12:26·1 17'68909.413 3000. 000
Hino't· Bending_(M2) 29845903.90 4717091.769 3000:. OEJO
I ! I, !
S_IIEfHl_ ~,I_::S_!GH_ FQRI U2_,U3
, oe·s1g·n Shear
I I_
I, Reba1· uu
'I Shea'r
Uc/Ga'mmaM us1c! ~~!~~
1
Hajo}· Shear(u:2) 0.334 I a.a69.1as ~ 39288. 12;0 87956'.928
Hinor S.hear( U3) 0.890 I 16581. 058 111 OD8J1-.51~ 7 J1551).8 08
. i
! I . I
!
'lI
r-
l
Copyright© 2012, All Rights Reserved, 175 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
CUSTOMIZED REPORT
In SAP2000, you can create customized report easily.
We will create a simple report with the base reactions for DEAD Loads
• Display>Show Forces/Stresses>Joints
You may edit the fonts and colors and see the reactions as follows:
• Go to File>Capture Picture>Current Window w/Title Bar
• Save the Picture as a *.bmp file on your desktop or your project folder.
• File>Advanced Report Writer ...
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 176 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on "Create New DB File" as shown below
Select lhe Current Datab,ase File Report File Type
~ RTF r TXT r HTML
'"' Find ENisting DB File I Convert Excel File Convert Text File
111 111
I:
u 111 111111111111111
Create New DB File [
as 'is
a
17 OpenreportinMicrosoftW01d
.111.ILlillLlll.ll:Ei lil.B. .Ill.Ill.Iii
Report Setup
AddAdd~iona! Items to Report Apply to Entlle Repo1t
Page Break Report Setup
Blank Line[s) A~Formats
Picture Save F01mah:
Defau1t Formatt
Insertion Point for Items Added to Repoit
I After Selected Item Clear Filters Onl;o
r. At End of List Cleai Sorts Only
Items Included in Report (Table Format: File /or Added Tables· Progiam Default) None)
Show Table I
I
L Save Named Report I --'-'--'---'-' ("1,c,;l,c !!q,,,,l
• Select the "Joint Reactions" as shown below, then click OK
s O MODEL DEFINITION (0 of 60 l;,bles selected)
ffi O System Data Select Load Pattems...
ffi O P1ope1ly Definitions 4 of 4 Selected
ei O Load Pallern Definitions
ffi O Other Delinilions
ffi O Load Case Definitions
I $0
f!J
el
H3
Bridge Data
O Connectivity Data
O Joint Anignmenh
0 FrameAuignmenl:
Ill O Area Auignmenh
ill O Options/Preferences Data
m WlaJJ.Cis:11cll®WJUSiDlltil !!I n n n a m ,11
!iii ANALYSIS RESULTS (1 of 12 tahle111 selected)
s 511 Joint Output • You may select more
ffi O D1splacemenls •
a r&I Reaction~ •m load cases. Currently
183 H5¥Mfti;@ttl • only DEAD is selected I Expose AH Input Tables
m 111:lll@ dOS'itM&::.z,,l!I 1!11 11 11 111 a a m m ms
f!l D Element Output
g,J O Slruclure Oulpul
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 177 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Save the *.mdb file on your desktop of in your project directory
-;J; Fcvcrites
E De!aktop
:A, Dcwnloads
' Js:; Recent Place.
A libraries
G Documenti
J) Music
Ji,,j Picture:.
~ V,deo;
;I\:{ Computer
!::, Hidefcld~,s , CanceL
You should be able to see the database items added in the create custom report window
Sde,;:l lho C,..mml Oalo~:c F1'e: AepoitFioType
Fie jC-\U1!!11\keviw1anOHESIN\Derl<.top\Factoiy\F~clory.mdb r. RTF (' TXT <~ HTML
[7 DpmrepcrtinMi~Otdl\1/o:d
Fnd E>l:ting DB Fie) Ccnveil E~cel FOO I CorNc1t Te:«Ffo liCi8;i'8TfoW'CiB11i31I
AJJAddl,oo!ll l!eirs: lo AepCJI , Aprijlofn\JleRero,t
Ae;xnl Se!u~
App¥r<Jm'k'l!1
SaveFm,ids
Dctoi../tfcrmol;
lr,1c1li:ln P:::inl fo1 Items Added to Repcrl
(~ Altei Selected Item Clear Fiteo Onl; j
r. At End ol Uit Oc!f Soil: On~~ j
1 llem, lnclu:!ed inAeJ')-0:1 (T oble Fofl"I~; fie fcrMded T~ble;: P1oaromOefoul) None)
Sava Narr.ed Ref}-Ott I _;,:.c_:.:.c_:.:.c_:.:._ _J -'------~"-.J Done
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 178 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on Section and Type in a Section name as Shown Below:
Aet:orl Fie Type
Fie lc:\U~eu\ke\lrman.OTlESltl\De:ktop\Fa,:;lorJ\;:c,!.elory,mdb /o' RTF r lXT r HTML
P Open1apo1tinMbooofl\<Jord
F:fl(I Efit6n~ 08 Fief Ccnw..r1 Ekeel File I Cor.ve1t Te~t F,le ifCr'O:<i'e1Jewt1S"Flell
Aeporl Setup
Li;I of Teble: n Clfrnnl Oat11!.laie Fi'a o',rl/''i/'~'\i lif"li ~ 'lfP•I ApjJ' to Ent~e Repoll
/ii Sect,on I III Paoe 81e<K ReDQ1I Setup f
\ a II m II l!l III m o•
! TeKI .
1 81:rk Li'le{;J APW Formal; r I
I
S11veFarnals I
'I f
Del lit.It ferm,:il1
Insertion Pdnl for llem; Add!d to Reporl
c· Altor Selected Item Oear Fllor, OnlJ ]
[ r. Al End it
II ems !n:!u:led in Repo,l [T.:ible Form!!!; Fie for A:ded Teble$. P1ogr.:imOef,:iult) None)
u,1 Cle~ Sorl:On1' f
-'-·-"I
~
:!J
ShowT~e !
Save, Narr~d Report I
- Heading Text
I Heading Is Automatically Nl1mbered
!Joint Reactions tkNJ
lncludeA Page Break-----~ r Include Blank Lines
r Before Section He.ading jo Befo1e Section Heading
r After Section Heading lo After Section Heading
OK Cancel I I
J
---------~------~-~----
r
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 179 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
You should see the following:
AeportFileT~ --
(i RTF r TXT \ HTML
P Open report in Micioiofl Word
Fnd E!!isti~ DB File J Co:we1I E~cel File I Convert Te~ Fie Crecle New 08 File I
- Report Setup
L1$l ol Tables in Cunent Database File - - -- - AddAddi1onal Item$ t0Rep1t -App[v to Ent,re Repoit---
Section Reporl Setup
Text AppJ)Formau
Pictwe Save Formats
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _!i
Default Fm mats
- lmertion Point /or Items Added to Repoil
r AflerSelectedltem Clear Fiteis Orly
r.- AtEndofLili Clear Sorts On~
______ ____ J ----------' i
Items Included in Rep01l [Table Formati Fie for Added Tab!es· PrO()lam Defoult) Ilene)
MIXify/Show I Ii
I '
Remove
Save Named Report j Chanoe Source DB Create Report Done
e Highlight Joint Reactions and Click on "Add Selected DB Table(s) To Report"
1-
1 Select the Current Database File, Report File Type
I File IC\U&ei$\kevinwan OTTESIN\Desktop\Facloiy\Factory,mdb r. RTF r TXT r HTML
P Open report in Microsoft Word
Find Exi~ting DB File I Conve1t Excel F1!e Convert Text Fi!e Create New DB File]
Aepoit Setup
~rot et'iabl!:l't'lh,:i.llreht"DStSoa\@Pl!e 11
• • • n 111. • • • •
11
11 Add Additional Items to Report Apply to Enfae Report
Section Page Break Repo1t Setup
Text Blankline{s) Apply Formats
Picture Save Formats
Default Formals
lnserlion Point for Items Added to Report-]
Clear Filters Only
'IIIOl!IOIIIOIIIIIIIIIDDIIIIIIDIIIIIIIIIIIIDlllllllllll111111111111, r Afte1Se!ectedllem
.
•
fl Add Selected DB Table(s) To Report I '
111
~ At End of List
,• Clear Sorts On!i,
\ .- n a ii ii.- m a III u u-u "Ill u m u III u a 111 111-u-m-111 a ua - - - - - - - - -- --
Items Included in Report (Table Formats File for Added Tables: P109ram Default) None)
Section1> Joint Reactions kN
11! .,<'! .. Modify/Show
Remove
I
ShowTable f
Save Named Repoit Change Source DB Create Report Done
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 180 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Click on Picture and browse for the bmp image saved earlier:
Seleel the Curren\ Dalaba:e File Report File Type
File jc:\U seis\kevinwan.OTTESIN\D esktop\Factory\F actory. mdb ~ RTF r TXT r HTML
~ Open repo1t in Microsoft Word
Find faisting DB File [ Corweit Excel Ffo Conve1t Texl F~e Cieate New DB File f
, Add Add~ional ltems to Report - App!y to Enl~e Report
Section Page Break Report Setup
., .. ,, ... r..
Te~I
: L_.=:.:Pi~TU.!~:::·.::J :
Blank Line(s) Apply Formats
Save Foima\s
iaUlill!!ll"llillUllllJ!liU
Default Formats
Insertion Point for Items Added lo Report
r After Selected Item C!ear Fikeis On)J
r.' At End of Litt Clear 501\s On!9
Item: Included in Report [Table Fo,mals File for Added Tables: P1ogram Default) None)
Seclionl > Joint Reacliom (kN) Modify/Showj
DBTable2> C:\U~eis\kevinwan.OTTESIN\Deskto \Factor \Fector .mdb\Joint Reaclions
J., •.•
'- Remove
'I
Save named Repoit Change Sowce OB Create Report Done
r •
•
Then Click on Report Setup
Click "Cover Page Layout
ii" Program Default
r Oefoult File • (Reads SapOefaultF01matFile.fmt in the SAP2000 user settings folder, if /mt file exists, otherwise prompts for different option) 2.J
I U:er Specified File
Report Setup Report Optiont Appl}' Fo1mat; to AU Tables
Page Setup . r Include Database File Names with Table Hies Apply from File...
Font Setup. r Include Filter Criteria String Beneath Table Titles
r Include Hypedinked Conlenls List
[ OK Cancel
l Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 181 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
• Select a Cover Page
·-Cover
I Include Cover P a g e - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
(+" Print Cover Page t Do Not Print Cover Page
Cover Page O p t i o n s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
P' Include Project Name (from Project Information)
P' Include Client Name {horn Project lnformalionJ
P' Include Company Name and Proiect Numbe, (from Projecl Information)
P' Include Model Name and Revision Number (from Proiect Information)
P Include Current Date
Cancel
• Click 01( then Create Report
Copyright© 2012. AH Rights Reserved. 182 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
/AP License 1128488(1#)
L
L
F
I
L
Prepared by
Otte Group
Model Name: Factory.SOB
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 183 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Joint Reactions (kN)
Table: Joint Reactions
Table: Joint Reactions
5 DEAD LinStatic 10362.17 4553.89 139475.16 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 DEAD LinStatic -1567.99 7716.17 171143.29 0.00 0.00 0.00
7 DEAD LinStatic 1626.53 7708.81 171166.31 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 DEAD LinStatic -10322.42 4547.21 139440.46 0.00 0.00 0.00
57 DEAD LinStatic 24463.56 -1013.52 251143.58 0.00 0.00 0.00
58 DEAD LinStatic -3522.36 -1492.27 377140.85 0.00 0.00 0.00
59 DEAD LinStatic 3445.57 -1483.91 377106.41 0.00 0.00 0.00
60 DEAD LinStatic -24488.23 -1009.49 251175.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
87 DEAD LinStatic 24474.43 1009.68 251125.87 0.00 0.00 0.00
88 DEAD LinStatic -3534.71 1484.83 377105.18 0.00 0.00 0.00
89 DEAD LinStatic 3456.36 1484.37 377081.88 0.00 0.00 0.00
90 DEAD LinStatic -24490.13 1009.91 251180.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
117 DEAD LinStatic 10371.77 -4550.56 139479.46 0.00 0.00 0.00
118 DEAD LinStatic -1580.78 -7709.14 171167.42 0.00 0.00 0.00
119 DEAD LinStatic 1631.19 -7708.99 171160.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
120 DEAD LinStatic -10324.96 -4546.98 139442.64 0.00 0.00 0.00
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 184 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
EXPORT TO SAFE
To export the concrete slab at level Z = 3m to SAFE:
Eile J;dit Jliew Qefine ];!ridge Draw Analyze Dis2lay Design
F12
SAP2000 MS l,ccess Database .mdb File,,,
SAP2000 MS ~eel Spreadsheet .xis File,,,
SAP2000 .s2kiext File,,,
Print Setup for Graphics,,, Ctrl+P
Print §raphics Ctrl+G .(;IS/2 STEP File ...
Print Ta]lJes ... Ctr!+! Steel Qetailing Neutral File ...
Report Set,ip .. , AutoCAD .dxf File ...
Create Re,gort
Elevation of Objects to E:-:port i
r Export Floor Load, Only
r. E:-:port Floor Loads and Loads from Above
Load Cases to Export Select Cases...
OK Cancel
OK
Cancel
!
L
Clear All
!
L
Specify a 'f2k' file name to save the export file.
f
i'
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Open SAFE program and go to "Import> SAFE .F2K File ... " and select the f2k file from
previous step:
New Model from Existing File... Ctrl+Shift+N
-e, Open ... Ctrl+O
Save Ctrl+S
Save As .. , Ctrl+Shift+S
.I Import
~ II SAFE .F2K File...
Export ~vlode! .DXF/.DWG File .. , Ctrl+I
Export Drawings ... .DXF/,DWG Architectural Plan .. , Ctrl+Shift+I
fvlodify/Shov; Project Information ... Access .mdb Fite ...
Excel .xis File ...
Modify/Show Comments and
( i
( 3
To view slab in 3D view:
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 186 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
To check the loadings transferred from SAP2000:
Display Detailing Tools Options Help
0 Show Undeformed Shape F4
Show Deformed Shape... F6
Show Reaction Forces... Shift+F6
Shovv Beam Forces/Stresses... F7
Show Slab Forces/Stresses... Shift+F7
I
L
Load Pattern Name Load Pattern Name
jDL :c-l ID~D AB()\/E.
Load Type Load Type
(~) Point Loads
(~ Slab Surface Loads
Direction Direction
LlJ Show Loading Values Ll] Show Loading Values
OK Cancel ] I Cancel I
[
L .
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
1.50
--i 1.50 vs
1.50v<A?
GYL\:J
1.soW><f"'
1 1 i
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
To go back to original shape:
ADD DESIGN STRIPS
Go to "Edit> Add/Edit Design Strips> Add Design Strips ... ":
Edit View Define Draw Select Assign Design Run Display Detai
I'} Undo Selection Delete Ctrl+Z
Redo Ctrl+ V
Cut Ctrl+X
Copy Ctrl+C
Paste ... Ctrl+ V
'
Delete Delete I
Grid Data f -~-
[ Interactive Database Editing ... Ctrl+E
Rep!icab!... Ctr!+ R
Merge Points ...
Align Points/Lines/Edges ... Ctrl+Shift+ M
Move Points/Lines/Areas ...
Edit Lines
Edit Areas
Add/Edit Tendons
Add/Edit Slab Rebar f
Ed,t Strip Widths ...
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Add strips in X direction:
Options
(!) Add Design Strips Along Cartesian Grid Lines
lllJ Include Middle Stnps
Parameters
Coordinate System [GLOBAL
Grid Direction [x
Strip Layer
Strip 1Mdth
Fo,;ed . I
!-----
I ·. OK I
To view strip widths click on the icon shown:
i 3D XY Tz
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r
Make sure "Show Width" is checked:
Point Objects Tend on Objects Items Present In View
rJ Labels i ' [V] Slab (/vea)
I-;
LJne Objects
Labels
Properties Slab Rebar Objects
r
I
localfo.:t.J!s
End Releases
[_
I
' I '
t,iJ Beam (Une)
Insertion Points u ['.ll Point Restraints/Springs
r- Slab LJne Releases
i
'I ~ Column/Brace Below {Une)
/lrea Objects Design Stnp Objects u
labels t::1 Labels
EJ Properties ~ Show Width
[VJ Points
n local /!«es Show Stations
!!l] Invisible P..rchitectura! La-;ern
tJ Slab Edge Releases tJ Horizon
Slab Vertical Offsets
Options View by Colom of: Pcply To All Windows
Slab Internal Ribs
Shrink Objects (!)) Objects
EJ 5irude View () Section Properties [ 13- Oefaults. J
Support Properties
IV] Fill /veas (') Matenal Properties
r, M Show Area Edges Selected Groups
Show Mesh
I L.•. eance1 ••• 1
r !1
L
rL
! ,·;
r
L
r
t
[
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Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 191 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Add design strip in Y direction:
Edit Areas
Add/Edit Tendons
Add/Edit Slab Rebar •
..·
I t\dd/Edit Design Strips
• 11
Add Design Strips ...
.... I
Edit Strip \1\lidths ...
Options
@) Add Design Stnps Along Cartesian Gnd Lines
[',!] Include Middle Stnps
Parameters
Coordinate System l{;L()B{IL
Grid Direction [v
Stnp Layer
Stnp Width
Fo:ed
----- --,
·-- ____..I
(~) Auto
I .OK [ Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 192 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
To modify the strip widths, first select all the design strips:
Detailing Toots Options Help
Pointer/Window
Poly Ctrl+Shift+O
Invert Selection Ctrl+K Intersecting Poly Ctrl+Shift+P
ps Get Previous Selection Ctr!+J Intersecting Line Ctrl+Shift+l
Clear Selection Ctrl•Q Materials Properties...
Groups ... Ctrl+Shift+U Slab Properties ...
Slab Rebar Properties ...
( Labels... Ctrl+Shift+B
L Beam Properties...
all All Ctrl+A Tend on Properties...
Column Properties ...
Wall Properties ...
Soil Subgrade Properties ...
Point Spring Properties .. ,
line Spring Properties...
Go to "Add/Edit Design Strips> Edit Strip Widths ... ":
Edit V1e,.v Define Draw Select Assign Run Detail
l'J Undo Add Strip Objects Ctrl+Z
Redo Ctrf+Y
Cut Ctrl+X
Copy Ctr!+C
Pcste,,. Ctrl+V
Delete Delete
Grid Data
Interactive Database Editing ... Ctr!+E
I
L.
Replicate ...
~-,1erge Point~--,
Ctrl+R
Align Points/Une5/Edges ... Ctrl+Shift+M
Move Points/Lines/Areas ...
Edit Lines
Edit A,reE:
Add/Edit Tendons
l Add/Edit Slab Rebar
Add Design Stnps ...
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Choose "Auto Widen Entire Strip":
(\!) Auto Widen Entire Stnp
User Specified Stnp Segment Width
OK Capcel ,I
j\ I
- -- i /
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SET DESIGN CODE
To change the design code go to "Design> Design Preferences ... ":
r Design Run Display
Design Preferences ...
Design Combos ...
Detailing
Slab Design Overwrites
'·-Jil--~~t--tt.m/!H,lf!
Set the design code to "BS 8110-1997":
BS 8110-1997
Resistance Factors:
Gamma Steel 1.15
Gamma Concrete
Gamma Shear 1.25
I
L.
ResetTab. Defau~s.
OK I. C:anc<>
il.
[
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 195 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
MESHING SIZE
To change the mesh size to 0.5 meter, go to "Display> Automatic Slab Mesh Options ... ":
Run Display Detailing Tools Opti
Run Analysis
I> Run Analysis & Design F5
Run Detailing ... Shift+F5
Aut"matic Slab Mesh Options.,.
Cracking Analysis Options ...
Advanced Modeling Options .. ,
Mesh Options
I~) Use Rectangular Mesh
ISZJ Use Localized Meshing
1521 Merge Points Where Possible
None
Mesh Size
Approximate Maximum Mesh Size 0.51 Im
[ Res.~D<e[aults J
I .OK I Cancel
To run the analysis, click on the icon shown in the toolbar:
~ @. ©. ©. El. I i: I 3D XY Tz
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
After running the analysis, by default the deformed model under DEAD load is displayed:
0.301
0.15
00011
r -0151
-0301
::::1
i
L
'
L
l
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 197 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
REACTION FORCES
"Display> Show Reaction Forces ... ":
Display I Detailing Tools Options Help
0 Show Undeformed Shape F4
,¢, Show Loads ... Shift+F4
-- ---- ------~--~
A Show Deformed Shape... F6
-- - -- -
I+ Shciw Reaction ForCes,.. Shift+F6
~ Show Beam Forces/Stresses... F7
Iii Show Slab Forces/Stre:sses ... Shift+F7
.., Show Strip Forces ... F8
""I,: Show Slab Design ...
Show Beam De:sign ...
Shift+F9
F9
[0] Show Punching Shear Design FlO
----~---..- --- - --- ------
Show Crack Widths...
-
Save Named Di~play...
Show Named Displily, ..
- ~--- - -------
m Show Tables ... Ctr!+ T
load Case/load Combination
Load Case
( ! Load Comb1nat1on
Type of Reactions
(~) Point Reactions
Plot Type
i:~) /J.rrows
Tabulated I_J PFe• -
~Fx Mx
[lZJ Fy D My
[lZJ Fz D Mz
Close
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Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
I
I
SLAB DESIGN
To view the slab design, go to "Display> Show Slab Design ... ":
Di5play Detailing Tools Option5 Help
0 Show Undeformed Shape F4
IL ¢ Show Loads... Shift+F4
D. Show Deformed Shape... F6
+ Show Reaction Forces..• 5hift+F6
""Ill Show Beam Forces/Stresses ...
Show Slab Forces/Stresses ...
F7
Shift+F7
lv'l Show Strip Forces ... F8
F9
8] Show Punching Shear Design f10
Show Crack Widths ...
Save Named Display...
She:, f,Jarm,d [kpi:i 1.
lll1i Show Tables ... Ctrl+T
[
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 199 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Set the settings as shown (Layer A, Top & Bottom Rebar Design with Typical Reinforcement):
Choo:;e Display Type Choose Strip Direction
OeSign 8asis Strip Based ~ layer A
D1 sp!ay Type I-Env~pirig
- - -~ - -I-BcirJfor~nt
------- ~I E'.J layec B
[] Impose Minimum Reinforcing [::
Rebar location Shown Display Options
@] Show Top Rebar [{] Fill Diagram
GL] Show Bottom Rebar EJ Show Values at Controlling Stations on Diagram
Relnforang Display Type Show Rebar .Above Specified Value
Show Rebar Intensity (Area/Unit Width) G) None
r:'.> Show Total Rebar kea for Stnp 1.~' Typical Unrform Reinforcing Specifled Below
~) Show Number of Ba~ of Siz.e· •{) Reinforcing Specified in Slab Rebar Objects
Bar Siz.e Typical Uniform Reinforcing
Top
rl!, Define by Bar Siz.e and Bar Spacing
8ottom [10 :, Define by Bar Area and Bar Spacing
Bar Size SpaC!f'lg {mm)
Reinforcrng Diagram
Top 300
[2J Show Reinforcing Envelope Diagram
Bottom
Scale Factor
~ Show Reinforcing &tent
[ ao,e J
r,
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 200 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
By right clicking on the strip, design details will be displayed:
File View
BS 8110-1997 Concrete Strip Design
Show Spans Geometric Pronerties Material Pronerties
Fromspan
Combination = Overall Envelope Concrete Comp. Strength= 30 N/mm2
·I Strip Label= SA19 Concrete Modulus= 26000 N/mm2
Length= 18 m Longitudinal Rebar Yield= ,mo N/mm2
Distance to Top Rebar Center= 24 mm
Distance to Bot Rebar Center= 24 mm
hems to Di~plY/
fV'i Gec.metric Properties
L?l Mmenal Propcrt,e~
i';Jj Bevetlon Rgure
fjj M()ffient Diagram
[V) lor)'J,tud;ia! Rebar
[Vi Shear Diagram
i:/i Transven:e Rebar
Moment Diagram {kN-mJ
BEAM DESIGN
"Display> Show Beam Design ... ":
Display Detailing_ Tools Optiom Help
0 Show Undeformed Shape F4
I
I
£.. <> Show Loads... Shift~F4
A Show Deformed Shape... F6
+
"7J
Show Reaction Forces...
Show Beam Forces/Stri:m,~...
Shift-,.F6
Fl
~ Show Slab Forces/Stresses... Shift+ Fl
~ Show Strip Forces... FS
~ Show Slab Design ... Shift+F9
Show Crack Widths ...
Save Named Display...
l"lli:I Show Tables... Ctrl+ T
'
[
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 201 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Choose Display Type
Display Type
Rebar Type Enve!-oping y
D Impose Minimum Reinforcing
Displai• Options
~ Fill Diagram
D Show Values at Controlling Stations on Diagram
Reinforcing Diagrams
t,ZJ Show Reinforcing Envelope Diagram
------
Scale Factor
~ Show Reinforcing Extent
fa.eply
I B fD
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 202 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan PE SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
I
By right clicking on the beam design, design details will be displayed:
File View
BS 8110-1997 Concrete Beam Design
Shew Spans Geometric Prouerties
Combination= Overall Envelope
Beam Label = 118 "
Section Property = 8600x300
Length= 6 m
Section Width = 300 mm
Section Depth= 600 mm
!t&m to Oispla'f
Distance to Top Rebar Center= 60 mm
j'./J Geooietnc PropeM!s Distance to Bot Rebar Center= 60 mm
/,VJ Ml!lerial Prcpaties
Ii.ii Section figure
Material Pronenles
FJJ Bevat;oo Ape
Concrete Comp. Strength = 30 N/mm2
"
[Vi l,lomenl O,agram Concrete Modulus = 26000 N/mm2
'ij lcr;Jijudinaf Rebar longitudinal Rebar Yield "'413.6855 N/mm2
Shear Rebar Yield= 413.6955 N/mm2
!YJ Shear Diagram
IV': Transverne Rebar
WI Tomen Diagram
Gm
DETAILING
[
To generate drawings for the model, click on the icon shown:
r -
'l
Basic Detailing Options
[iJ Generate Individual Bars in Plan
l:lJ Generate Individual Barn in 3D Model
RI Merge heas to Oean Edges and Sections
! Run Detailing O,cice
lG) Run New Detailing and Generate Drawings
,::) Synchronize Detailing and Update Drawings
.OK
l
C
(
f
I Copyright© 2012_ All Rights Reserved_ 203 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
'"""'""''""
- "'-""""P-11=,,,e=
C/i
•1'8 -1~..'M,...
;;. ,,_,__ !i·
:~
-·~·- - - - - - - - - - - -
.~t.:·-··
'i J ' -
,;;=-:.,------------
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 204 Otte International Pte Ltd
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[
SAP2000 EXERCISE 3: STAGED CONSTRUCTION
r
r
!
r
I
t.
rI
Il
[ STAGED CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULER
l FRAME ELEMENT ADDITION/RE~!OVAL
LOADING TO FRAME ELEMENTS
!
l
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GRID INFORMATION
f:dit format
I
I System Harne
_________IG_L_o_B_l•._L_ _ _ _ _ _ ____J.11L _ _
- ______ _U~lnKitNs,--m-,C--- -:_,J I
..:J
Grid lines -
L-:::__-___Q_ui_ck_S_t_ar_t._.. - ~
I
IX Grid Data
Grid ID Ordinate Line Type Visibility I Bubble Loe.
1 A 0. Prima1y End
2 B 2. Primary End
3 C 3. Primar.Y I Show End
4 D 5. PrimaT.Y l Show End
5 E 7. f!(IT!~ I Show End
6 ___ £:___~_L__ ·_?.:__-__ PrimarJ ] ~ Show __,__ - End
7 G 10. Primar~ _ Show End
8
ly Grid Data I Displa.Y Grids as - - - - - ~
Grid ID Line Type Visibilily Bubble Loe. Bubble Loe.... I r. Ordinates r
Spacing
I
1
_P_rim_a!l__! ··---.§_~ow__ Start ------ _________ j
2 I I
3 r Hide All Grid Lines
4
5
6
7
1 · ----~-=-!~------ r Glue to Grid Lines
Bubble Size lo.5
Reset to Default Color
Grid ID Ordinate Line Type Visibility Bubble Loe.
1 Z1 0. P1imary Show End
Reorder Ordinates
2 Z2 4. P1imary Show End
3
4
5
6
7 Cancel
8
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Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
I
L
!
I
I
r
l
I
C
I
' '
I
L
f
I
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 207 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
CONCRETE MATERIAL
Gene,al Data
Material Name and Display Color IC30 •
Material l.Ype IConcrete 3
[ Material Notes Modil.Y/Show Notes... I
. :e~;:~t::~ ~:i~V:1u~e~~J2~-5~3;---I I UJn::. m,; .:::J
Mass pe, Unit Volume 12 4028
_J
lsot1opicP1opertJ D a l a - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Modulus of Elasticity, E 121712500
Poisson's Ratio, LI lo.2
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, A !1.oooE-05
Shem Modulus, G i9046875.
IOther Properties for Concrete Materials
I Specified Concrete Compressive St1ength, f'c iJOOOO
r lightweight Concrete
r Switch ToAdvanced Property Display
DK Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 208 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
STEEL MATERIAL
-General Data-
'
Mate,ial N,;1me ,;1nd Display Colo,
Material Type
L~aterial Noles
ls355
Isteel
Modify/Show Noles...
•
iJ
II
Weight and Mass -· - --- - . ·---- Units
Weight per Unit Volume 176 81 S~ JKN.m,C iJ
Mass pe1 Unit Volume 110334
r· l,ohopic Property
r I
Modulus of Elasticity, E
Poisson's Ratio, U
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, A
l2.050E,08
lo 3
lt170E-05
Shear Modulus, G 178846154
I
Other Properties for Steel Materials
I
I
Minimum Yield Slress, Fy
Minimum Tensile Stress, Fu
Effective Yield Stress, Fye
1355000.
1426000.
1355000.
L 1
11
I Effective Tensi!e Stress, Fue 1426000.
I_
r Switch To Advanced Property Display
OK Cancel
I
!
%
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 209 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
FRAME SECTION PROPERTIES
DEFINE FRAME PROPERTIES
Section Name ls1000,1000
Section Notes Modify/Show Notes...
;- Properties------ ; Propert3,1 Modifiers~ - Material - - - - - - ;__-
]
Section Properties... j I Set Modifiers... J I ..:JI C30 _:_i
---------~ I ______ j . --
Depth (t3) 1.
Width (l2 I l
Display Color II
Concrete Reinforcemenl...
I' ::.::oK .:::,I Cancel
Section Name
Section Noles Modify/Show Noles, ..
[-Exlract Data from Section Property File--
I I1-·,,n l 1!'"' I J·~-'program file.; h:%]\,;;1.,mi:,•.11<::r: ,3nd
1--~--
[p ope,tie, Prope1ty Modifiers i .-Mate~ric:el_ _ _ _ _~
1
j
Ii~-~~~~~~ Set Modifier, I I ~ 2Jls355 3
Dimensions-------------
Outside height { t3} I0.419
Top flange width I t2 ) I0.407
Top flange thickness ( tf J 10.0492
Web thickness ( lw J jD.0306
Bottom flange width ( 12b l 10.407
Bottom flange thickness [ tfb J 10.0492 Display ColOJ
•
I:.:. DR.Ii Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 210 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
GROUPS
In a Staged Construction Analysis, it is important to group your sections in different groups.
In this way you can choose which group you wish to add or remove from your model.
(Define> Groups, then assign members to previously defined groups)
-Groups Click to:
BotRCFrame
Add New Group
II
RCCol-1
RCCoJ..2
Modify/Show Group...
I II
RCCol-3
RCCol-4
RCCol-5
SteelCoJ..1 , · d 1-:, -r ",:,
SteelCoJ..2
r TopRCFrame
L 11·0K· JI Cancel
GROUPS DEFINITIONS
iopRCfr-ame
... s' _,_
"'
~
.l. '?
!
§
0: 0:
8
iJ
~
0
V
u
"' ~
§
.•• j
"'
BotRCFrama
A 1, i ' .,. ./ ~' i "},. ,, .\). ,, }, /: \
! Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 211 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
I
L
LOAD PATTERNS
Load Patterns -
Load Pat!ern Name l}'pe
..
jDEAD jDEAD
• • •
LOADINGS
Only self-weight is considered in this example and no other frame loadings are applied.
LOAD CASES
When a Dead Load Pattern Name is defined, a DEAD Load Case (Linear Static) and a MODAL
(Modal) Load Case is defined by default. The key objective of this analysis is to create a
Nonlinear Static Staged Construction Case and this is defined as "SC"
LoadCases -- - ~ - - - - - - ~ - - - Click to: ---- -
Load Case Name Load C.ase Type Add New Load CMe...
DEAD Linear Static
MODAL Modal Add Copy of Load Ca;e .. .
Modijy/Show Load Case .. .
Delete Load Case
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 212 Otte International Pte Ltd
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SC-STEP 1
In first stage, add groups BotRCFrame, TopRCFrame, RCCol-1, RCCol-2, RCCol-4 and RCCol-5
with dead load of all added objects:
Load Ca$e Name
Set Del Name I 11I
Notes
Modify/Show,.. .i ,~::,i~aseType
ln~ial Conditions Type
r. Zero Initial Conditions· Start from Unstressed Slate r Linear
r Jt ~>'1 .·,ti j :, \ Nonlinea1
lrnporto1)! t·Jote l,:,::id: f1orn lh1: pe,,1c,m co:e me 1n:h1a:kd 1n lh,~ r. Nonlinear Staged Comtruclion
(Wf!:nl Cci:>:'
~-------------------······-~
- Stage Delirnii,on · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - · · - - · · · · ·•
"····-·-···-·····---------·--·-- ·'
1- Geometric Nonlinearity Pa,ameter:s
Duration Provide Output User 4 f ..a..l (+' None
Label Comment; _:!j _::!:J r P-Delta
A::~;:' ! I ~-Delta plu~l~~ Disp~cemen~---
I E>ipand Stage Definition
~~:::: : I ShowSt:::~:,.,~:;,:,Vie~~---
Data FOi Stage 1 (T days; Output: No Label;J----
Operation Object Type Object Name Age At Add Type Name Scale Factor
r1
!Add Stiuclure i]JGroup iJlao1RCFrarri]J~7_"----,-~--
Add S11uclure
Add Slluclure
Add S11uclure
Group
Group
Group
;;p~CFr~me
RCCol-1
RCCot-2
r·
7.
7.
I?
~
r fa:pand Stage D,;1ta Stage: <<I <I 1 ~ of5 Add Modify Delete 11
Other Parameters
I
II
r Resull:s Saved
Nonlinea, Parameters I
End of Each Stage
Default
Modify/Show
Modify/Show,., . I ', Cancel
l
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 213 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SC-STEP 2
For second step, add groups SteelCol-1 and SteelCol-2:
-
1
Load Case Name
' rNoles I Load Case Type
, SC
I Set~-~~~_L 1-~~ify/Show... -~ !static iJ Des,g=:LJ
lnilial Conditions--- - -
[AoraesisType-· · ··· ---]
r. Zero Initial Conditions· Start from Unstressed State Linear
..:.I r Nonlinear
lm~·r.,rlant !·kte Load;; trorn th1;. p;,;·,1101.1:. c,~:e :ire 1nduded II"• the
currr:snl r.a:e
r. Nonrinea, Staged Construction i
- Stage Definition---- ---13-~~~lric Nonlinearity Fia~amelers --=-~--=--==- I
r. None
~~
Output User
Label Comments r P-De!ta
Add I ! P-De!ta p!us large Displacements
Add Copy I
r El!pand Stage Definition
.- Data For Stage 2 {7. days; Output: No Label;)
F ModilJ I
Insert
Delete
j
I
r
Operation
IAdd St<uctu,e
Add Structure
Load Objects If Added
El!pand Stage Data
Object Type
iJ IG<oup iJI SteelCol-1 iJ
Group
Group
Object Name
Stee1Col•2
ALL
2
rAge At Add
7.
2J.:::.J ol 5
Type
Load Pattern
Add
Name
ModifJ I
Scale Factor
Delete
Other Parameters
DK
Result, Saved End of Each Stage Modify/Show... II
I
---~II
Nonlinear Parameters Default Modify/Show... . Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 214 Otte International Pte ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SC-STEP 3
In third stage, remove groups RCCol-2 and RCCol-4:
Load Case Name -
SC Set Def Name I
Initial Conditions I
Analysis T,ype
(.' Zero Initial Cond~ions · Start from Unslressed Stal~•----~ I: r Linear
r· ;'.,.1,,,-1 ,J.·llk·l1 ,-1'. i] r Nonlinear
irnr.,,:,,1.::111 /-J.)t,; Lo:d; horn 11, , pu:c,,1N1',: y,:, i:110: 11 :lwl,c,j 11, th~
<:tlli>;r,I CJ/°" I! r+ Nonlinear Staged Construction
Stage Definition Geometric Non!inea,ity Paramelers
r. None I,
Stage Duration
No (Da.vs}
Provide
Output
Output
Label
User
Comments ~.!J I P·Delta
rr- Yes • Add I t P-Oelta plus Large Displacements
7. Coe, I
FF
Add
f7 Modif_y
I
rl., . 7.. Insert
Delete I
I
i r EKpand Stage Definition
Data For Stage 3 (7- days; Output: No Label;)
..
Operation Obiecl T_l'pe Object Name Age At Add Type Name Scale Factor
IRemove Structure i.JIG,oup ..:]IRCCo1·2 ..:],....::.--,-~--,-~--~----
Remove St1ucture Group
Load Objects If Added Group Load Pattern
r Expand Stage Data Stage:~ 3 2.L.:.::J of 5 Add Mod~y I Delete
Other Paramele1s
End of Each Stage
OK
Results Saved ModifJ•/Show...
Non~near Paramete1s J Default Modify/Show .. Cancel
r
L -
·-------- ---··--·~----·-· ,_.,,_,,. ·-·--------
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 215 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SC-STEP 4
For forth stage, add group RCCol-3:
1- Load Case Name Load Case Type-~
i SC
I
Istatic
~-~--
Initial Conditions - Analysis Type
r. Zero Initial Conditions· Start f1om Unst1essed Stale r lineal
---::::i-- r Nonlinear
!rnportonl ~Joie load: trtMl !h,s p,e-:iOU,· ~~<e ae 1nci111:k,d 1n 11 ie
cun,,rit c-a,e
<-' Nonlinear Staged Construction
Stage Definition - - Geometric Nonlinearity Pa,ameters--~~-
Stage Duration Provide Output User r. None
No. (Days) Output Label Comments I P·Delta
Yes .,. I
FF F
Yes
Yes
r P Della plus L~g~~~lac~me~--J
Yes Modify
a,
Yes
I Show S~a::,-: ~.~-v;,:~ I___ ]
;r Expand Stage Definition
Data For Stage 4 (7. days; Output No Label;)
rr r
Operation Obiecl Type Object Name Age At Add Type Name Scale Factor
jAddSltucluro :i]jG,oup :i]jRCCol-3 :i] 17.
Load Object, If Added Load Palle,n
I Expand Stage Data Stage: ..:::..l::J 4~of5 Add Modify I Delete
Other Paramele1s
Resulls Saved End of Each Stage Modify/Show...
OK
Nonlinear Parameters I Default Modifj.i/Show.. Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 216 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
SC-STEP 5
For forth stage, remove groups SteelCol-1 and SteelCol-2:
L~~d Case flame-- -- -~~D~;~:~: -,
1
Initial Conditions·------------------~
r.· Zero lnilial Conditions· Star! from Unstressed State Linear
<· Nonlinear
lrriJ::,or!ot1t tlote Lo.:1ds IK•n1 t!ii-; pre,.io,.1; c<J·:n? ,:ire included 1n the r. Nonlinear Staged Construction
Clmf:'nt c.:1:e
Stage Definition--~- j- Geometric Nonlinea,lty Parameters
Output Use, r.' None
Label Comments ~_!] '
C" P·De!ta
Add I C" P-Delta plus la1ge Displacements
I
~~
Add Copy
!
I Modify I
Insert I Show Stages--
r Expand Stage Definition
Delete I Show Stages In Tree View ...
Dala For Stage 5 (7. days; Output: No Label;) ----------- ---
Operation Object Type Object Name Age At Add Type Name Scale Factor
IRemove Struclwe ..:JI iJ
[ Remove Struc;~11;
1
_:] JGroup
Group
SleelCol-1
Stee1Co1·2
Load Objects If Added Group ALL I, - . - Load Pattern
r Expand Stage Data Stage: ~ 5 21.:::J ol 5 Add Modily Delete I 1
Other Pa,ameters
Results Saved End of Each Stage Modif_y/Show.. . I OK
Nonlinear Parameters I Default Modif_y/Show.. . Cancel
l
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 217 Otte International Pie Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P .E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
LOAD CASE TREE
!UnStatic)
H MODAL (LinModal)
El-6;1 SC (NonSlatic)
B···!ill STAGE 1: Start Time= 0. Days; Duration"' 7. Da}'.s; Provide Output;
u,;.g ADD Structure: Group= BotRCFrame; Age When Added= 7. Days
o,;.g ADD Structure: Group= TopACFrame; Age When Added= 7. Days
o,;.g ADD Structure: Group= RCCoi.1; Age When Added= 7. Days
o,;.g ADD Structure: Group= RCCo1·2; Age When Added= 7. Days
a,;.g ADD Structure: Group= RCCol-4; Age When Added= 7. Days
a,;.g ADD Structure; Group= RCCo1·5; Age When Added= 7. Days
L.. R LOAD Objects If Added: Group =ALL; Load Type= LOAD; Load N.ame = DEAD; Sc.ale F.actor = 1.
~}·~ STAGE 2: Start Time= 7. Days; Duration= 7. Days; Provide Output;
;.. a,;.g ADO Structure: Group= SleelCol-1; Age When Added= 7. Days
u,;.g ADD Structure: Group= SleelCol-2; Age When Added= 7. Days
R LOAD Objects If Added; Group =ALL; Load Type= LOAD; Load Name= DEAD, Scale Factor= 1.
El-~ STAGE 3: Slart Time= 14. Da,Ys; Duration= 7. Days; Provide Ou\put;
. ff,;.n REMOVE Structure: Group= RCCo1·2
ff,;.n REMOVE Structure: Group= RCCo1·4
1.. 19_ LOADObjectslfAdded: Group=ALL; LoadT,Ype=LOAD; LoadName=DEAD; Sca!eFaclor=l.
El···~ STAGE 4: Start Time= 21. Days; Dur.ation = 7. Days; Provide Output;
;.. o,;.g ADD St1ucture: Group= RCCo!-3; Age When Added= 7. Days
~ LOAD Objects !f Added: G1oup = ALL; Load Type= LOAD; Load Name= DEAD, Scale Factor"' 1.
El ~ STAGE 5: Slarl Time= 28. Da}'s; Duration= 7. Days; Provide Output
· g,;.a REMOVE Stlucture: Group= Stee1Co1·1
C,;.o REMOVE Stlucture: Group= Stee1Co1·2
R LOAD ObjectS: If Added: Group =ALL; Load Type.a LOAD; Load Name= DEAD; Scale Factor .. 1.
ANALYSIS OPTIONS
Carry out a Plane Frame Analysis (Analyze > Set Analysis Options)
Avarl'lbleDOF~- - - - - - - - - - - - -
r.-uxrUYr.-uzrRxr;;;RYrRz
Fa:l DDF~
Plar.e Grid Space lrun
r~w,~1 r;1e
r
:,Z Plane
• XY Plane
·.
Autorna1,eal') t.ave Micrersolt Aeeeu 01 E~e! tabJar Ue alter analym
f<'s z;al 'C
Solver Opt1cm...
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 218 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
RUM ANALYSIS
r REVIEW MOMENTS
r Diso_!ay Oe§ign Qptions
Show .\J.ndeformed Shape
Iools !:!elp
I Show !..oad Assigns
L Show MiiC Assigns
I
I Show Qeformed Shape...
' Joints ...
Show Yirtual Work Diagram ...
r Show P.lot Functions... Shift+Fll
r
l
J
I. Case/Combo
! ~ase~Combo Name lsc i]
L
I Multivalued Options·-·--------·
< Envelope (Range)
~----.!,!
r.s~ ~
I- - - - ·
~m:,~:ln;~~c~-----~-Torsion
r Shear 2-2 r
I
Momeni 2-2 i
r Shear 3-3 r. (.Momenl.3-3 I
- - - - ·····-·-·--- ·-·---·-·-·-·-····--~-----1
IL < Auto
r. Scale Factor 1001
Options
r. Fill Diagram
l' .
[-1:__:howValues on Diagra~ Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 219 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Step 1:
Next Step:
GLOBAL T IKN,m,C T
Step 2:
---
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 220 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Step 3:
I
r
!
I
.
r
£
Step 4:
r
l
I
r.
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 221 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Step 5:
.L
Envelope Moments:
r~::..o--N--a--m--e______________ J
Multivalued
r. Envelope [Range)
r Step
Component--------------
r Axial Force r Torsion
r Shear 2-2 r Momeni 2-2
r Shear 3-3 (i I............................
,
Moment 3-l,
Scaling
,· Auto
r. Scale Factor 10.01
- Options--------
,.- Fill Diagram OK
r Show Values on Diagram Cancel
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 222 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
r
r
!
!
'
L
REVIEW SHEARS
Case/Combo
ombo Name jsc
-· ------------~
Multivalued Options
velope (Range)
p
~----~
13
Component------ ·-····-·-··--·1
(~ Axial Force C Torsion I
l
r. Shear 2-2 C Moment 2-2
Il
C S~a~:3 C Moment 3-3 j
s;ali:~;: ·
r r, Scale Factor Jo01
---·--~--~·-~---------
OK
Cancel
I
[
I Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 223 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Step 1:
--------
------
--- ----1
---- ----- --- ------
Step 2:
-- -----------------··1 -------
------ ------
I
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 224 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
Step 3:
------ ------
---------- ------
-~--- -------- -----
Step 4:
------~ -----
'
L
[
----- ------- -------
r
L
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 225 Otte International Pte Ltd
Choo, June Shyan P.E. SAP2000 v15 Hands-on Training (11, 12 Dec '12)
[
Step 5:
------------------ -------------------
----1
-------- --------- --
Envelope Shears:
File is saved as "StagedConstructionFrameComplete.s2.k"
Copyright© 2012. All Rights Reserved. 226 Otte International Pte Ltd
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