CNC Programming Enhanced Learning System Mill

CNC
PROGRAMMING
ENHANCED LEARNING
SYSTEM
MILL
By Matthew Manton and Duane Weidinger

CNC Programming Enhanced Learning System - Mill
Published by
CamInstructor Incorporated
330 Chandos Crt.
Kitchener, Ontario
N2A 3C2
www.caminstructor.com
Date: May 1, 2011

Author: Matthew Manton and Duane Weidinger
ISBN: 978-1-897466-88-9
Copyright © 2011 CamInstructor Inc. - All rights reserved.

This book is protected under the copyright laws of Canada and the United States. All rights are reserved. This
document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or reduced to any
electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent, in writing, from CamInstructor Inc.
National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication
To order additional copies of the book contact:

CamInstructor Inc.
330 Chandos Crt, Kitchener, ON, N2A 3C2
Phone 1-877-873-6867
Fax 1-866-741-8421
email [email protected]
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the Publisher and Author have used their best efforts in
preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or
completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of
merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by
representatives. The advice and strategies contained in this book may not be suitable for the readers or
users situation. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any damage, loss or any other damages,
including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages including personal.
Notice
CamInstructor Inc. reserves the right to make improvements to this book at any time and without notice.
Trademarks
All brands are the trademark of their respective owners.
Printed in Canada
Requirements
Use of the Multi-media CD/DVD requires a computer with speakers, and CD/DVD ROM.
September 1, 2011
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON-1 ..ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING ........................................................1
EXERCISES 1 THROUGH 4 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL ........................................... 5
LESSON-2 .. INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES .......................................................................9
AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER STANDARD TOOL CAROUSEL ................................... 10
COMMONLY USED PREPARATORY G-CODES ........................................................... 11
COMMONLY USED MISCELLANEOUS M-CODES ...................................................... 12
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS ............................................................ 13
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM END BLOCKS ..................................................................... 14
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM TOOL CHANGE BLOCKS .................................................... 14
RAPID (G00) AND LINEAR (G01) INTERPOLATION ................................................... 15
CNC PART #1 – SPOT DRILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................................ 17
LESSON-3 .. CREATING CNC PRORAMS - CNC PART #1 .........................................................19
CNC PART #1 – SPOT AND DRILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM1 ..................................... 20
LESSON-4 .. DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................23
DRILLING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................................... 25
CNC PART #1 – SPOT AND DRILLING PROGRAM USING G81 ................................... 26
CNC PART #1 – WHAT COULD GO WRONG?............................................................ 28
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON-5 .. DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................29
CNC PART #2 - SPOT AND DRILLING PROGRAM USING G81.................................... 30
CNC PART #2 - CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL .................................. 32
CNC - PART #2 - TYPING UP YOUR PROGRAM USING WINDOWS NOTEPAD........... 34
CNC - PART #2 - BACKPLOTTING .............................................................................. 37
CNC - PART #3 - CREATE THE PROGRAM ................................................................. 39
CNC - PART #3 - BACKPLOTTING .............................................................................. 43
CNC - PART #4 - CREATE THE PROGRAM ................................................................. 45
LESSON-6 .. STRAIGHT LINE MILLING – LINEAR INTERPOLATION ..........................................49
EXERCISE #1 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING ...................................... 50
CNC PART #5 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................. 51
CNC PART #6 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................. 54
CNC PART #7 – CREATE THE PROGRAM................................................................... 57
CNC PART #8 – CREATE THE PROGRAM................................................................... 60
LESSON-7 .. CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ..............................................................................63
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION EXERCISES .................................................................... 65
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION SAMPLE PROGRAMS .................................................... 72
CNC PART #9 – CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ...................... 78
CNC PART #10 - CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ..................... 84
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Table of Contents - 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LESSON-10 CUTTER COMPENSATION.................................................................................105
INTRODUCTION TO CUTTER COMPENSATION ......................................................... 106
CNC PART #13 - CUTTER COMPENSATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ........................ 108
CNC PART #14 - CUTTER COMPENSATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ........................ 115
APPENDIX ..........................................................................................................................123
EXTRA CNC PROGRAMMING EXERCISES .................................................................. 124
PREPATORY FUNCTIONS – G-CODES........................................................................ 131
MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS – M-CODES .............................................................. 134
STANDARD DRILL SIZES – INCHES ............................................................................ 136
INCH TAP DRILL SIZES ............................................................................................... 137
METRIC TAP DRILL SIZES .......................................................................................... 138
NCPLOT INSTALLATION GUIDE................................................................................. 139
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-1
ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING
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Page 1
LESSON-1 – Introduction
The CNC Enhanced Learning System includes the CNC Programming Student Workbook and a DVD with the
following Videos and support files on it.
1. Self-Learning Videos
2. NCPlot Installation Software
To view what’s on the DVD just follow the instructions below. We encourage you to take a few moments to
watch the Getting Started video on the DVD as it provides an overview of how the system works.
Just pop the DVD into your computer, the autorun feature should display the AutoPlay window. Click on the
Run CNC-Mill.exe file as shown below. Note, if this window is not displayed after putting the DVD into your
computer, go to the file manager feature on your computer and select the DVD drive and double click on the
Run CNC-Mill.exe file.
The following Menu Screen should appear;
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Page 2 Lesson 1 - 2
The Menu is your easy access to the Instructional Videos that will guide you through the content and
provide you with all the information you need to get through this workbook. You will notice that there are
10 Lessons and a Getting Started link. Each Lesson matches the corresponding lesson in this workbook. Be
sure to watch the video first, it will guide you to refer to the workbook.
Your first task is to watch the Getting Started Video. Don’t worry about taking notes or filling out anything in
the workbook while you watch the Getting Started Video, it is just a preview of what to expect.
The second item on the DVD is the NCPlot installation file. We have provided this to you free of charge so
you can install NCPlot onto your computer. NCPlot Software enables you to type in the CNC Code (G Code)
and watch what it will do. It is a handy tool to see if your CNC Programs are correct. To access the NCPlot
installation file put the DVD into your computer and locate the NCPlot_V1-2 folder as shown below.
Double click on the folder and then double click on the NCPlot_v120.exe file and follow the onscreen
instructions.
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Lesson 1 - 3 Page 3
LESSON-1 – Introduction
Okay let’s get started.
Step 1 - Plug in your headphones or make sure your speakers are plugged in and turned on.
Step 2 - Put the DVD into your computer and launch the menu.
Step 3 - Click on Getting Started and watch the video through to the end. Feel free to pause and rewind the
video if you need to watch something again.
Step 4 - Click on Lesson 1 and then click on Lesson-1 – Unit-1, as indicated it is 9 minutes long.
Step 5 - Proceed through the Videos in the proper order and make sure to follow along with the Workbook.
Good luck and have fun.
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Page 4 Lesson 1 - 4
LESSON-1 – EXERCISE #1 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING
G90 ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING

All axis motions are based on a fixed zero reference point, known as ABSOLUTE ZERO (part zero).
Each coordinate is in relation to this absolute zero using Cartesian Co-ordinates.
G91 INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING

All axis motions are based on the distance to the next location.
Each coordinate is based on how far the cutter is to move from start to finish.
 STARTING AT THE POINT O (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE PATH FROM O THROUGH ALL 9 POINTS AND
BACK TO THE POINT O USING G90 & G91
G90 X Y G91 X Y
O (Origin) 0 0 O→1 3 3
1 3 3 1→2 0 2
2 3 5 2→3 2 2
3 5 7 3→4 -6 0
4 -1 7 4→5 -2 -3
5 -3 4 5→6 -3 -6
6 -6 -2 6→7 4 -3
7 -2 -5 7→8 6 -1
8 4 -6 8→9 3 3
9 7 -3 9→O -7 3
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Lesson 1 - 5 Page 5


G90 X Y G91 X Y
O (Origin) O→1
1 1→2
2 2→3
3 3→4
4 4→5
5 5→6
6 6→7
7 7→8
8 8→9
9 9→O
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Page 6 Lesson 1 - 6


G90 X Y G91 X Y
O (Origin) O→1
1 1→2
2 2→3
3 3→4
4 4→5
5 5→6
6 6→7
7 7→8
8 8→9
9 9→O
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Lesson 1 - 7 Page 7
G90 X Y G91 X Y
O (Origin) 0 0 O→1 0.750 0.500
1 0.750 0.500 1→2 -0.200 1.875
2 0.550 2.375 2→3 0.400 -1.000
3 0.950 1.375 3→4
4 4→5
5 5→6
6 6→7
7 7→8
8 8→9
9 9→O
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Page 8 Lesson 1 - 8
CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
CODE FUNCTION
Rapid traverse motion; This is used for non-cutting rapid moves of the machine axis, or
rapid retract moves after cuts have been completed.
G00
Maximum rapid motion (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary dependent on machine
model.
Linear interpolation motion; Used for cutting in a straight line under a controlled
G01 feedrate. Maximum feed rate (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary depending on the
model of the machine.
G02 Circular Interpolation, Clockwise

G03 Circular Interpolation, Counterclockwise
G04 Dwell
G17 Circular Motion XY Plane Selection
G20 Verify Inch Coordinate Positions
G21 Verify Metric Coordinate Positions
Machine Home (Rapid traverse) G91 is required for rapid move to the G28 reference
G28
point.
G40 Cutter Compensation CANCEL
LESSON-2
INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES
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Page 9
LESSON-2 - INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES
AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER
STANDARD TOOL CAROUSEL
The CNC Machining Center used in this text is set-up with following tools.
All program examples and exercises in this workbook are using the tools and tool
numbers listed below.
Carousel # Tool Description
1 0.125” Diameter Flat End Mill
6 0.375” Diameter Spot Drill
7 0.250” Diameter Drill
8 0.201” Diameter Drill – Number 7 drill
9 0.25”-20 UNC Tap
10 #4 Center Drill
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Page 10 Lesson 2 - 2
COMMONLY USED PREPARATORY G CODES
CODE FUNCTION
Rapid traverse motion; This is used for non-cutting rapid moves of the machine axis, or
rapid retract moves after cuts have been completed.
G00
Maximum rapid motion (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary dependent on machine
model.
Linear interpolation motion; Used for cutting in a straight line under a controlled
G01 feedrate. Maximum feed rate (I.P.M.) of a CNC Machine will vary depending on the
model of the machine.
G02 Circular Interpolation, Clockwise

G03 Circular Interpolation, Counterclockwise
G04 Dwell
G17 Circular Motion XY Plane Selection
G20 Verify Inch Coordinate Positions
G21 Verify Metric Coordinate Positions
Machine Home (Rapid traverse) G91 is required for rapid move to the G28 reference
G28
point.
G40 Cutter Compensation CANCEL
G41 Cutter Compensation LEFT of the programmed path
G42 Cutter Compensation RIGHT of the programmed path
G43 Tool Length Compensation
G49 Tool Length Compensation CANCEL
G53 Positions the machine axis relative to Machine Home. It is non modal.
G54 Work Coordinate #1 (Part zero offset location)
G80 Canned Cycle CANCEL
G81 Drill Canned Cycle
G82 Spot Drill Canned Cycle
G83 Peck Drill Canned Cycle
G84 Tapping Canned Cycle
G90 Absolute Programming Positioning
G91 Incremental Programming Positioning
G98 Canned Cycle Initial Point Return
G99 Canned Cycle Rapid (R) Plane Return
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Lesson 2 - 3 Page 11
COMMONLY USED MISCELLANEOUS M CODES
CODE FUNCTION
The M00 code is used for a Program Stop. The spindle stops and the coolant is turned
M00 off.
Pressing CYCLE START again will continue the program.
The M01 code is used for an Optional Program Stop command.

Pressing the OPT STOP key on the control panel signals the machine to perform a stop
M01 command when the control reads an M01 command. It will then perform like an M00.
Optional stops are useful when machining the first part to allow for inspection of the
part as it is machined.
Starts the spindle CLOCKWISE used for most machining. Must have a spindle speed
defined.
M03
The M03 is used to turn the spindle on at the beginning of program or after a tool
change.
M04 Starts the spindle COUNTERCLOCKWISE. Must have a spindle speed defined.
STOPS the spindle.

M05 The M05 is used to turn the spindle off at the end of program or before a tool change.
If the coolant is on, the M05 will turn it off.
The tool change command along with a tool number will action a tool change. This
command will automatically stop the spindle, Z-axis will move up to the machine zero
M06
position and the selected tool will be put in the spindle. The coolant pump will turn off
right before executing the tool change.
M08 Coolant ON command.
M09 Coolant OFF command.
M30 Program End and Reset to the beginning of program.
Note: Only one “M” code can be used per line. And the M-codes will be the last command to be executed in
a line, regardless of where it is located in that line.
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EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS
Programs must begin and end with “%” depending

%
on the type of control.
Letter “O” and up to a five digit program number.

O00023 Blocks are always terminated by the “;” symbol:
End of Block (EOB)
Nnn - Sequence Number

N10 G20
G20 - Verify Inch
Startup
G00 - Rapid Traverse Block
G17 - X, Y Circular Plane Selection (Machine
G40 - Cutter Compensation Cancel Default
N20 G00 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90
G49 - Tool Length Compensation Cancel Setting)
G80 - Canned Cycle Cancel
G90 - Absolute Programming
T8 - Tool number #8 to be loaded into the spindle.

N30 T8 M06
M06 - Tool Change
G00 - Rapid Traverse

G90 - Activates control to be in ABSOLUTE.
G54 - Selects work coordinate offset system No. 1
N40 G00 G90 G54 X1.0 Y1.0 S4000 M03 X__ - Axis move to initial X position.
Y__ - Axis move to initial Y position.
S4000 - Spindle speed 4000 RPM for this tool.
M03 - Turns the spindle on in a clockwise direction
G43 - Tool Length Compensation: Recognizes the

tool length offset value stored in the Hnn code offset
display register in the offset length display.
H8 - Defines to the control the offset register the
N50 G43 H8 Z2. 0 tool offset value is stored in.
* Tool Length offset # = Tool #
Z2.0 - Informs the control to move from full spindle
retract to this Z value and apply the tool length
offset.
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EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM END BLOCKS
G00 - Rapid Traverse

N200 G00 Z2.0
Z2.0 – Retracts tool to 2.0 above part zero
N210 M05 M05 – Turn off spindle
G91 - Incremental Programming

N220 G28 G91 Z0 Send to machine
G28 - Machine Zero Return
Z0 - Z axis in the up direction to zero Z-axis first to
* N220 G53 Z0 avoid any crash.
machine zero
*G53 is another way

N230 G28 X0 Y0 G28 - Machine Zero Return
to return to machine
X0 - X axis to machine zero
zero
* N230 G53 X0 Y0 Y0 - Y axis to machine zero
N240 M30 M30 – End of Program and Reset
EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM TOOL CHANGE LINES
Rapid Traverse and Retracts tool to 2.0 above part

N100 G00 Z2.0
zero
N110 M05 M05 – Turn off spindle
N120 G28 G91 Z0 ; / *N120 G53 Z0 Machine Zero Return - Z axis Send to machine
zero Z-axis first to
N130 G28 X0 Y0 / *N130 G53 X0 Y0 Machine Zero Return - X, Y axis avoid any crash.
N140 M01 Optional Program Stop
N150 T9 M06 Tool Change - Tool # 9
N160 G00 G90 G54 X1.0 Y1.0 S4000 M03 Turn on the spindle and Rapid traverse to X1. Y1.
N170 G43 H9 Z2.0 Tool Length compensation for Tool #9 (H9)
*G53 - Positions the machine axis relative to Machine Home. It is non modal.
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RAPID G00 AND LINEAR G01 INTERPOLATION
G00 RAPID TRAVERSE

This code is used for rapid motion of the cutter in air to traverse from one position to another as
fast as possible. This code will work for all axis motion up to three axes at once.
This G00 code is modal and causes all the following blocks to be in rapid motion until another
Group 01 code is specified. The actual rapid federate is dependent on the machine.
Generally, rapid motions "will not" be in a straight line. All the axes specified are moved at the
maximum speed and will not necessarily complete each axis move at the same time. It activates
each axis drive motor independently of each other and, as a result, the axis with the shortest move
will reach its destination first. So you need to be careful of any obstructions to avoid with this type
of rapid move.
 G00 is used when you are positioning the cutter in ‘fresh air’.
 Retracting from a hole you have drilled.
 Rapid traverse is not used when cutting the part.
 Used incorrectly, rapid traverse will break a cutter very easily.
G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION

This G code provides for straight line (linear) motion with programmed feedrate for all axis motions
from point to point. Motion can occur up to three axes at once.
All axes specified will start at the same time and proceed to their destination and arrive
simultaneously at the specified feedrate.
To program a feedrate, the F command is used. The F command is modal and may be specified in a
previous block.
G01 is used for

 Drilling a hole
 Machining a slot
 Machining a profile
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LESSON-2 - CNC - PART #1
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 WORK OUT THE X AND Y COORDIANTES FOR HOLES 1,2 AND 3
 X0Y0 is at the centre of the part
G90 X Y
1
2
3
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 PROGRAM TO SPOT DRILL THE THREE HOLES ONLY USING A COMBINATION OF
G00 AND G01 (CANNED CYCLE DRILL WILL BE USED LATER)
 Below is the program to spot drill the three holes with an explanation of each block
 Use a 0.375” diameter Spot Drill Tool # 6
 Spindle Speed = 2750 Feed rate = 11 IPM
 Spot Drill Depth = Z-0.150”
 X0Y0 is at the centre of the part
 Z=0 is the top of the part.
 Information inside the parenthesis ( ) is a comment.
 The CNC control will ignore all text between the parenthesis
% (Program must begin and end with a %)

O1 ( Program #1 - CNC-PART-1-SPOT DRILLING ONLY )
N10 G20 (Inch programming)
N20 G00 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90 (MACHINE DEFAULT SETTING)
N30 T06 M06 (T6-Select tool number 6 to be loaded M06-Activates the tool changer)
N40 G00 G90 G54 X-1.0 Y-0.875 S2750 M03 – (Rapid to the X and Y position and turn on the spindle at
2750 RPM)
N50 G43 H06 Z0.1 (G43 - Activate the tool offset value stored in H06 and rapid to Z0.1)
N60 G01 Z-0.15 F11.0 (Hole #1 - Feed down to Z depth at 11 inches per minute)
N70 G00 Z0.1 (G00- Retract out of hole #1 at rapid to 0.1 above the top of the work piece)
N80 X0 Y0 (G00 is modal - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to hole #2)
N90 G01 Z-0.15 (Hole #2 - Feed down to Z depth at 11 inches per minute, Feed rate is modal)
N110 X1.0 Y0.875 (G00 is modal - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to hole #3)
N130 G53 G00 Z0 M05 (G53 – Machine Zero positioning, non modal. Rapid to machine zero in Z, switch
spindle off)
N140 G53 X-15.0 Y0 (G53 – Rapid in relation to machine zero X-15.0 and Y0)
N150 M30 (Program end rewind program to the beginning)
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-3
CREATING CNC PROGRAMS - CNC PART #1
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Page 19
 PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL THE THREE HOLES USING A COMBINATION OF
G00 AND G01 (CANNED CYCLE WILL BE USED LATER)
 Below is the program to spot and drill the three holes with an explanation of each block
 Use a 0.375” diameter Spot Drill Tool # 6
 Spot Drill Spindle Speed = 2750 Feed rate = 11 IPM
 Use a 0.250” diameter Drill Tool # 7
 0.250” diameter Drill Spindle Speed = 4500 Feed rate = 15 IPM
 Spot Drill Depth = Z-0.150”
 Drill Depth = Z-0.350”
 X0Y0 is at the centre of the part
 Z=0 is the top of the part.

O2 ( Program #2 - CNC-PART-1-SPOT AND DRILLING )
(SPOT DRILL 0.25” HOLES)
N40 G00 G90 G54 X-1.0 Y-0.875 S2750 M03 (Rapid to the X and Y position of Hole #1 and turn on the
spindle at 2750 RPM)
N60 G01 Z-0.15 F11.0 (Hole #1 - Feed down to Z depth at 11 inches per minute)
N80 X0 Y0 (G00 is modal - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to Hole #2)
spindle off)
(DRILL 0.25” HOLES)
N190 G01 Z-0.35 F15.0 (Hole #1 - Feed down to Z depth at 15 inches per minute through part)
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LESSON-3 - CNC - PART #1 - Continued
N210 X0 Y0 (G00 is modal - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to hole #2)
N220 G01 Z-0.35 (Hole #2 - Feed down to Z depth, at 15 inches per minute, Feed rate is modal)
spindle off)
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-4
DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES
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Page 23
LESSON-4 DRILL CANNED CYCLE G81
G80 CANCEL CANNED CYCLE

A canned cycle permits multiple function programming on one block.
A canned cycle is canceled with G80.
G81 CANNED CYCLE DRILL
Format: G99 G81 Z-0.625 R0.1 F10.

X Rapid X location (Optional)
Y Rapid Y location (Optional)
Z Z-depth (Feed to Z-depth starting from R Plane)
R R-Plane (Rapid point to start feeding)
F Feed rate in inches/min
This G code permits the inclusion of multiple axis motions on one block of program. It is used to
reduce the length of program. The figure below shows the axis motions that are included with a
Canned Cycle Drill.
All Z axis motions are in ABSOLUTE with any other axis motions unaffected.
In a canned cycle drill, the cutter moves at rapid to the X and Y, then to a height above the part at
rapid rate to the R Plane, which is a point above the work surface. From the R Plane the cutter feeds
to the Z-depth at the specified feedrate. When the cutter reaches the Z depth, it retracts at rapid
rate to the R Plane. G99 returns the tool to the R Plane after each hole, G98 returns the tool to the initial
starting plane.
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DEEP HOLE PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE G83
G83 DEEP HOLE PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE

Format : G99 G83 Z-2.5 Q0.5 R0.1 F10. / G99 G83 Z-2.18 I0.5 J0.1 K0.2 R0.1 F9.
X* Rapid X-axis location
Y* Rapid Y-axis location
Z Z-depth (feed to Z-depth starting from R plane)
Q* Pecking equal incremental depth amount (if I, J and K are not used)
I* Size of first peck depth (if Q is not used)
J* Amount reducing each peck after first peck depth (if Q is not used)
K* Minimum peck depth (if Q is not used)
P Dwell time at Z-depth
R R-plane (rapid point to start feeding)
F Feed rate in inches (mm) per minute
* Indicates optional
This G code is similar to G81 but is used for drilling when the tool must be withdrawn periodically
to allow chips to be removed from the hole.
This cycle allows the tool to rapid to the R Plane, feeds towards the Z depth in increments
(traversing to the R Plane and back to the point where drilling was interrupted after each
increment) until the tool reaches the final Z depth.
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL THE THREE HOLES USING CANNED
CYCLE G81
 Use a 0.375” diameter Spot Drill Tool # 6
 Spot Drill Spindle Speed = 2750 Feed rate = 11 IPM
 Use a 0.250” diameter Drill Tool # 7
 0.250” diameter Drill Spindle Speed = 4500 Feed rate = 15 IPM
 Spot Drill Depth = Z-0.150”
 Drill Depth = Z-0.350”
 Z=0 is the top of the part.

O3 ( Program #3 - CNC-PART-1-SPOT AND DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLE DRILL G81 )
N60 G99 G81 Z-0.15 R0.1 F11.0 (Hole #1 – G81 - Feed down to Z depth at 11 inches per minute,
and then retract at rapid to Z0.1, this is the R0.1 value.
G99 returns the drill tip to the R value after drilling each hole)
N70 X0. Y0. (Hole #2 - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to Hole #2. Feed down to Z depth at 11
inches per minute and then retract at rapid to Z0.1)
N80 X1.0 Y.875 (Hole #3 - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to Hole #3. Feed down to Z depth at 11
N90 G80 (Cancel Canned Cycle Drill)
N100 G53 G00 Z0 M05 (G53 – Rapid to machine zero in Z, switch spindle off)
(DRILL 0.25” HOLES)
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N150 G99 G81 Z-0.35 R0.1 F15.0 (Hole #1 – G81 - Feed down to Z depth at 15 inches per minute,
and then retract at rapid to Z0.1, this is the R0.1 value.
G99 returns the drill tip to the R value after drilling each hole)
N160 X0. Y0. (Hole #2 - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to Hole #2. Feed down to Z depth at 15
N170 X1.0 Y.875 (Hole #3 - Move at rapid in the X and Y axis to Hole #3. Feed down to Z depth at 15
N180 G80 (Cancel Canned Cycle Drill)
N190 G53 G00 Z0 M05 (G53 – Rapid to machine zero in Z, switch spindle off)
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LESSON-4 – WHAT COULD GO WRONG?
 IDENTIFY SOME OF THE COMMON PROBLEMS THAT COULD RESULT IN A
SCRAPPED PART
 Do you have X0 Y0 Z0 in the correct position?

 Is the spindle switched on and off at the appropriate time
 Did you use the correct X and Y coordinates for the holes?
 Did you use the correct tool numbers?
 Did you use the correct tool length offset number (H??) for the tool?
 Did you cancel any canned cycles with G80?
 Are the feed-rates correct?
 Is the Z depth in the canned cycle block set to a negative value?
 Is the R value in the canned cycle block set to a positive value?
 What is the difference between Z2 and Z2.0? No decimal point???
 What is the difference between F10 and F10.0? No decimal point???
 What else?
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-5
DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES - CONTINUED
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Page 29
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE COORDINATES FOR THE NINE HOLES
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL THE NINE HOLES USING CANNED
CYCLE G81
 Type up your program and check it for correctness using NCPlot
%
O4 ( Program #4 - CNC-PART-2-SPOT AND DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLE DRILL G81)
N10 G20
N30
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LESSON-5 - CNC - PART #2 – TYPING UP YOUR PROGRAM
USING WINDOWS NOTEPAD
 Use Windows Notepad to type up your CNC program
1. Launch Windows Notepad Start>All Programs>Accessories>Notepad.
2. Select File Save As…
3. Browse to where you would like to save this file.

4. Open up the Save as type drop down and change to All files.
5. Encoding should be set to ANSI.
6. In the File name section enter CNC-PART-2.NC This will give this file an extension of .NC
7. Click on the Save button
8. Start typing your program, ALL CAPITALS for the CNC program codes. Please note on the second line
of this program O4 this is a letter O.
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9. When you have completed typing your program Save your file, File>Save or the shortcut Ctrl+S.
 Now you can check for any Letter O’s in your CNC program. Please Note there should not be any
letter O’s in your CNC program, G00 is “G Zero Zero” not G Letter O!
10. Select Edit>Find.
11. Type in the Letter O in the Find what: space. Now hit the Find Next button. There will be some
letter O’s in your program, for example the Letter O in the program number at the start of the
program and any notes you have in your program enclosed by parenthesis ( ). But for the coding no
letter O’s.
12. I f you do find any letter O’s change them to a Zero.
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13. When you have checked your program select File>Save your file or the shortcut Ctrl+S.
14. You may require a print of your CNC program to do this select File>Print or the shortcut Ctrl+P.
15. Select which printer you wish to send the file to and then hit the Print button
16. To open your CNC program at a later date launch Windows Notepad.
Start>All Programs>Accessories>Notepad.
17. Select File>Open.
18. Change the Files of type: to All Files and browse for your CNC program.
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LESSON-5 - CNC - PART #2 - BACKPLOTTING
 Use NCPlot to check for correctness
Note: If you do not have NCPlot installed on your computer please go to the last page of the appendix for
installation instructions.
1. After typing up your program in Notepad launch the NCPlot application by clicking on the icon on
your desktop or Start>All Programs>NCPlot v1.3> NCPlot v1.3
2. Click on the open file icon and browse to your file location and select the CNC file to plot.
3. On the toolbar select XY View and Zoom Extents.
4. You plot should appear as below. The point on the left of the screen shot below is the G53 X-15.0 Y0
movement in the program.
5. On the toolbar select ZX View and Zoom Extents.
6. On the toolbar select XY View .
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7. Review and experiment with the various pull down menu options:
8. Press the function F6 on your keyboard to action a Zoom Window. Zoom in on part of your plot.
9. Select Ctrl+F on your keyboard to open the Find dialog box. In the Find What section type in the
letter O and then hit the Find Next button to see if there are any letter O’s in the G and M codes.
10. You can use NCPlot instead of Windows Notepad to type up your CNC program.
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 PART #3 IS SIMILAR TO PART #2 BUT HAS DIFFERENT DIMENSIONS FOR THE
HOLE CENTRES
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE COORDINATES FOR THE NINE HOLES
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL THE NINE HOLES USING CANNED
CYCLE G81
%
O5 ( Program #5 - CNC-PART-3 - SPOT AND DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLE DRILL G81)
N10 G20
N30
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 Use NCPlot to check for correctness
1. After typing up your program in Notepad launch the NCPlot application by clicking on the icon on
your desktop or Start>All Programs>NCPlot v1.3> NCPlot v1.3
2. Click on the open file icon and browse to your file location and select the CNC file to plot.
3. On the toolbar select XY View and Zoom Extents.
4. You plot should appear as below.
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE COORDINATES FOR THE ELEVEN HOLES
 Use Trigonometry to work out the center positions of the holes or draw the part up on a CAD system
and then identify the center positions of each hole.
G90 X Y
1 0 0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL THE ELEVEN HOLES USING CANNED
CYCLE G81
%
O99 (CNC-PART-4 - SPOT AND DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLE DRILL G81)
N10 G20
N30
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-6
STRAIGHT LINE MILLING – LINEAR
INTERPOLATION
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Page 49
LESSON-6 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING
DIRECTION OF CUT CW 
 STARTING AT THE POINT O (ORIGIN), DESCRIBE THE ENDMILL PATH FROM O THROUGH ALL THE POINTS
AND BACK TO THE POINT O USING G90 & G91. CUTTER DIAMETER = 0.5” RADIUS = 0.25’
G90 X Y G91 X Y
O 0 0 O→1 0.5 0.25
1 0.5 0.25 1→2 0 2.5
2 0.5 2.75 2→3
3 3→4
4 4→5
5 5→6
6 6→1
1 1→O
O
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE COORDINATES FOR POSITION 1, 2 AND 3
 X0Y0 is at the lower left corner of the part
 These X and Y coordinates will be used to machine the L shaped slot
G90 X Y
1
2
3
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 PROGRAM TO MACHINE THE “L SHAPED” SLOT
 Use a 0.5” diameter End Mill Tool # 4
 Speed = 3050 Feed rate =20 IPM
 The slot depth is 0.125”
 Enter the part at Position 1 and sink to depth using linear
interpolation G01
 Then move to Position 2 and finally Position 3

O6 ( Program #6 – Part #5 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING)
( T4 - 1/2 FLAT ENDMILL - H4 )
N40 G00 G90 G54 X0.75 Y2.5 S3050 M3 (Rapid to the X and Y to Position #1 and turn on the spindle at
3050 RPM)
N70 G1 Z-0.125 F10. (Position #1 - Feed down to Z depth at 10 inches per minute)
N80 Y0.75 F20.0 (Move to Position #2 - at 20 inches per minute)
N90 X2.375 (Move to Position #3 - at 20 inches per minute)
N100 Z0.1 F10.0 (Retract out of the part at feedrate to 0.1 above the top of the work piece)
N120 M05 (Spindle off)
N130 G00 G91 G28 Z0 (G28 – Machine Zero positioning. Rapid to machine zero in Z)
N140 G28 X0 Y0 (G28 – Rapid in relation to machine zero X0 and Y0)
N150 G90 (RETURN TO ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING)
In earlier programs we used G53 to return the machine to coordinates in relation to the Machine Zero
(home position). G28 is another code that will accomplish this. G28 is a more common way to send the
machine to machine zero, it will work on many different types of CNC machines.
As you can see above at block N130, G28 is activated in G91 incremental mode, and then at block N150 the
program is returned to G90 absolute mode.
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE VARIOUS
POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE CONTOUR
 Start at X-0.5 Y3.125 and machine the contour in a clockwise direction – climb milling
G90 X Y
1 -0.5 3.125
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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 PROGRAM TO MACHINE THE CONTOUR
 Machine the contour at a depth is 0.125”

O8 ( Program #8 - CNC-PART-6 - STRAIGHT LINE MILLING)
( T4 - 1/2 FLAT ENDMILL - H4 )
N40 G00 G90 G54 X-0.5 Y3. 125 S3050 M3 (Rapid to the X and Y to start Position #1 and turn on the
N60 G1 Z-0.125 F10. (Position #1 - Feed down to Z depth at 10 inches per minute)
N70 X1.375 F20.0 (Move to Position #2 - at 20 inches per minute)
N80 Y1.75 (Move to Position #3)
N90 X1.5 (Move to Position #4)
N140 Y0 (Move to Position #9)
N170 Z0.1 F10.0 (Retract out of the part at feedrate to 0.1 above the top of the work piece)
N180 M05 (Spindle off)
N190 G00 G91 G28 Z0 (G28 – Machine Zero positioning. Rapid to machine zero in Z)
N200 G28 X0 Y0 (G28 – Rapid in relation to machine zero X0 and Y0)
N210 G90 (RETURN TO ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING)
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 Start at X-0.5 Y3.0 and machine the contour in a clockwise direction – climb milling
G90 X Y
1 -0.5 3.0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO MACHINE THE CONTOUR
 Start at X-0.5 Y3.0 and machine the contour in a clockwise
direction – climb milling
%
O009 ( Program #9 - CNC-PART-7 - STRAIGHT LINE MILLING)
N10 G20
N30
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 Start at X0 Y-0.375 and machine the contour in a clockwise direction – climb milling
G90 X Y
1 0 -0.375
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO MACHINE THE CONTOUR
 Start at X-0.5 Y3.0 and machine the contour in a clockwise direction –
climb milling
%
O10 ( Program #10 - CNC-PART- 8 - STRAIGHT LINE MILLING)
N10 G20
N30
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-7
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION
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Page 63
LESSON-7 - CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - G02 & G03
 In the next series of circular interpolation exercises you will explore how to
machine arcs and complete circles.
 G02 and G03 allow the machining of circles and arcs
When the machine is required to move in a straight line under a controlled federate, linear interpolation is
used G01. When it is necessary to machine in a circular motion in any plane (XY, YZ, XZ) circular interpolation
is used G02 and G03.
All circular interpolation moves are defined using three pieces of information.
1. DIRECTION OF TRAVEL: CLOCKWISE G02, COUNTER CLOCKWISE G03
2. PROGRAMMED END POINT OF THE ARC
3. ARC CENTER: INCREMENTAL DISTANCE FROM START POINT TO ARC CENTER (I, J, K OR R
FOR RADIUS, I,J AND K ARE NOT USED)
 When trying to figure out a circular interpolation move answer these three
questions:
I. What is the direction of travel, clockwise or counterclockwise – G02 or G03?
II. Where is the programmed end point?
III. What is the incremental distance from the start of the arc to the center of the arc being machined –
I and J values?
G02 X4.25 Y3. I 0. J-1.25

XY PLANE
G03 X2.25 Y1. I 0. J-.75
G02 & G03 Circular Interpolation Format
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CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - DIRECTION OF TRAVEL
G02 -Clockwise or G03 Counter Clockwise?
What are the circular interpolation movements G02 or G03?

1. A to B Circular Interpolation (CW) G02
2. A to C Circular Interpolation (CW) G02
3. D to C Circular Interpolation (CCW) ?
4. D to B Circular Interpolation (CCW) ?
5. A to A Circular Interpolation (CW) ?
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CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - PROGRAMED END POINT
1.0” Diameter End Mill
Radius = 0.5
1. What are the coordinates at the center of the cutter for A, B, C, and D
A: X0 Y3.0 B: X Y
D: X Y
C: X Y
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CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - ARC CENTER
 I , J and K Values are measured from the tool start to the center of the arc
 I , J and K values are INCREMENTAL
 I= X Axis J = Y Axis K= Z Axis
Radius = 0.5
1. What are the incremental distances from the start of cut to the center of the programmed
arc?
 I = The Incremental distance along the X axis from the start of the arc to the center of the
programmed arc
 J = The Incremental distance along the Y axis from the start of the arc to the center of the
programmed arc
A to the centre of the circle: I0 J-3.0 B to the centre of the circle: I J
C to the centre of the circle: I J D to the centre of the circle: I J
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 What does the block of code look like moving from D to B clockwise?
 G02 X3.0 Y0 I3.0 J0
 What does the block of code look like moving from A to D counterclockwise?
 G03 X-3.0 Y0 I-3.0 J0
Radius = 0.5
questions:
I and J values?
 Work out the following circular interpolation blocks
C to D Clockwise: D to C Counterclockwise:
A to A Clockwise: B to C Counterclockwise:
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 The center of the circle has now been changed to X5.0 Y5.0
 What does the block of code look like moving from D to B clockwise?
 G02 X8.0 Y5.0 I3.0 J0
 What does the block of code look like moving from A to D counterclockwise?
 G03 X2.0 Y5.0 I-3.0 J0
Radius = 0.5
X5.0 Y5.0
questions:
I and J values?
 Work out the following circular interpolation blocks
C to D Clockwise: D to C Counterclockwise:
A to A Clockwise: B to C Counterclockwise:
To cut a complete circle of 360°, you do not need to specify an end point X, Y, or Z. Just program I, J, or K to
define the centre of the circle.
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Work out the following circular interpolation blocks
PROGRAM CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION USING ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL IN DIRECTION SHOWN
Y+ ABSOLUTE
X- X+ START POINT X Y
(0, 0) END POINT X Y
.
G X Y I J
R=2
INCREMENTAL
START POINT X Y
START FINISH
END POINT X Y
Y-
.
G X Y I J
.
Y+
ABSOLUTE (COUNTER CLOCKWISE DIRECTION)
X- START/ FINISH (-10, -5) X+

START POINT X Y
END POINT X Y
ABSOLUTE INCREMENTAL .
G X Y I J
D=10 .
INCREMENTAL (CLOCKWISE DIRECTION)
START POINT X Y
END POINT X Y
.
Y-
G X Y I J
.
Y+
ABSOLUTE
FINISH
X- (5, 2) X+ START POINT X Y
END POINT X Y
.
G X Y I J
.
R=1.414 INCREMENTAL
START POINT X Y
START
END POINT X Y
Y-
.
G X Y I J
.
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LESSON-7 – CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION G02
Review the CNC program below that machines the contour.
 The cutter being used is a 0.5” diameter end mill.

 X0 Y0 is the lower left corner of the part.
 Start position lower left corner, machines clockwise.
 The blocks of CNC code are made up of G01 and a G02 moves.
 Note that the G02 move to machine the 0.5” and 0.25” radius can use either I and J values or R for
the radius.
All circular interpolation moves are defined using three pieces of information.
1. DIRECTION OF TRAVEL: CLOCKWISE G02, COUNTER CLOCKWISE G03
2. ARC END POINT
3. ARC CENTER: INCREMENTAL DISTANCE FROM START POINT TO ARC CENTER (I, J, K)
N160 G1 X-.25 Y-.25 (start position) I = The Incremental distance along the X axis
N170 Y1.5 from the start of the arc to the center of the
N180 G2 X.5 Y2.25 I.75 J0. (OR R0.5) programmed arc
N190 G1 X2.75
N200 Y.25 J = The Incremental distance along the Y axis
N210 G2 X2.25 Y-.25 I-.5 J0. (OR R0.25) from the start of the arc to the center of the
N220 G1 X-.25 programmed arc
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Review the CNC program below that machines the contour.

 X0 Y0 is the center of the part.
 Start position is the upper right, machines clockwise.
 Note that the G02 move to machine the radii can use either I and J values or R for the radius.
Using I and J Values Using R for Radius Values
N160 G1 X1.5 Y1.0 (start position) N160 G1 X1.5 Y1.0 (start position)
N170 Y-.25 N170 Y-.25
N180 G2 X.25 Y-1.5 I-1.25 J0. N180 G2 X.25 Y-1.5 R1.25
N190 G1 X-.75 N190 G1 X-.75
N200 G2 X-1.5 Y-.75 I0. J.75 N200 G2 X-1.5 Y-.75 R.75
N210 G1 Y.875 N210 G1 Y.875
N220 G2 X-.875 Y1.5 I.625 J0. N220 G2 X-.875 Y1.5 R.625
N230 G1 X1. N230 G1 X1.
N240 G2 X1.5 Y1. I0. J-.5 N240 G2 X1.5 Y1. R.5
To cut a complete circle of 360°, you do not need to specify an end point X, Y, or Z. Just program I, J, or K to
define the centre of the circle.
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Review the CNC program below that machines the contour around the inside of the pocket.

 X0 Y0 is the center of the part.
 Start position is the upper right, machines contour counter clockwise.
 Note that the G03 move to machine the radii can use either I and J values or R for the radius.
Using I and J Values Using R for Radius Values
N40 G0 G90 G54 X.75 Y1. A0. S2500 M3 N40 G0 G90 G54 X.75 Y1. A0. S2500 M3
N50 G43 H4 Z.35 N50 G43 H4 Z.35
N60 G1 Z.125 F15. N60 G1 Z.125 F15.
N70 X-.875 N70 X-.875
N80 G3 X-1. Y.875 I0. J-.125 (0.375 Radius) N80 G3 X-1. Y.875 R.125 (0.375 Radius)
N90 G1 Y-.75 N90 G1 Y-.75
N100 G3 X-.75 Y-1. I.25 J0. (0.5 Radius) N100 G3 X-.75 Y-1. R.25 (0.5 Radius)
N110 G1 X.25 N110 G1 X.25
N120 G3 X1. Y-.25 I0. J.75 (1.0 Radius) N120 G3 X1. Y-.25 R.75 (1.0 Radius)
N130 G1 Y.75 N130 G1 Y.75
N140 G3 X.75 Y1. I-.25 J0. (0.5 Radius) N140 G3 X.75 Y1. R.25 (0.5 Radius)
N150 G0 Z.35 N150 G0 Z.35
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LESSON-7 – CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION G02 & G03
Review the program to machine the contour shown below.
Material: Aluminum 6061

Surface Feet Minute= 400
ft/min
Tool #4 (Ø.500” Flat End Mill) – Mill the profile

Spindle Speed RPM =
Feed Per Tooth (FPT) = 0.003 – 2 Flute Cutter
3.82xSFM/D= 3.82x400/0.5 =3056
Feed Per Minute = FPT x 2 Flutes x RPM = 18.336
Depth of Cut = Z-0.200 Start from the top left corner
%
O11 ( G02-G03-EXAMPLE ) N60 X4.25
N10 G20 N65 Y0.
N15 G0 G17 G40 G49 G80 G90 N70 G2 X3. Y-1.25 I-1.25 J0.
N20 T4 M6 N75 G1 X-.25
N25 G0 G90 G54 X-.25 Y.25 S3056 M3 N80 Y.25
N30 G43 H4 Z2. N85 G0 Z2.
N35 Z.1 N90 M5
N40 G1 Z-.2 F18. N95 G91 G28 Z0.
N45 X2.5 N100 G28 X0. Y0.
N50 G3 X2.75 Y.5 I0. J.25 N105 M30
N55 G1 Y1.75 %
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Create the program to machine the contour shown below.
Material: Aluminum 6061

CS= 400 ft/min
Tool #4 (Ø.500” Flat End Mill) – Mill the profile

Spindle Speed RPM =
Feed Per Tooth (FPT) = 0.003 – 2 Flute Cutter
3.82xSFM/D= 3.82x400/0.5 =3056
Feed Per Minute = FPT x 2 Flutes x RPM = 18.336
Depth of Cut = Z-0.150 Start from the top right hand corner
%
O12
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
MILL-LESSON-8
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - CONTINUED
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Page 77
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 The Machining Process
 Ø.500” Endmill - Tool # 4 - 3056 RPM Feedrate 18 IPM
 Machine the 2.25” square with the 0.375” corner radii - 0.0625” depth
 Machine the circular 2.25” and 1.25”diameter circular profile - 0.125” depth
 Ø.125” Endmill - Tool # 1- 5000 RPM Feedrate 7 IPM
 Drill the Ø .125” holes through the part (4 places)
 Note: The Ø.125” Endmill is designed for center cutting machining. No center drilling or pilot hole is
required.
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POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE PART
 X0Y0 is at the center of the part
 Use a 0.5” diameter End Mill Tool # 4 and a 0.125” diameter End Mill Tool # 1
 Climb mill the inside contours
 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE FOUR HOLES
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
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 Climb mill
 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE VARIOUS

POSITIONS OF THE 0.5” DIAMETER END MILL
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
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 CREATE THE PROGRAM TO MACHINE THE PART
 Climb mill
%
O13 ( CNC PART #9)
N10 G20
N30
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 Machine the open slot with the 0.375” fillet radii - 0.125” depth
required.
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G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
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 Climb mill

POSITIONS OF THE 0.5’ DIAMETER END MILL
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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 Climb mill
%
O003
N10 G20
N30
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-9
CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION - CONTINUED
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Page 91
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 Ø.500” Endmill - Tool # 4
 Machine the profile with the .125” radii at Z‐.125” deep – 1 Cut
 Machine the circular 2.5” diameter circular profile – 1 Cut
required.
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G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
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 Climb mill

G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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 Climb mill
%
O003
N10 G20
N30
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 Machine the profiles with the .125” and .25 radii.
 Machine the circular 0.625” diameter through hole. Sink to depth at center and use circular
interpolation to finish the bore.
required.
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE HOLES
G90 X Y
1 0 0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
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 Climb mill

2.625” Square Coordinates 2.0” Square Coordinates

G90 X Y G90 X Y
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
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 Climb mill
%
O003
N10 G20
N30
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
LESSON-10
CUTTER COMPENSATION
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Page 105
LESSON-10 - G40, G41, & G42 CUTTER COMPENSATION
Cutter Compensation is used to offset the center of the cutter and move the cutter either to
the left or right the distance of the cutter radius. When cutting angled geometry, substantial
computations are required to determine the center of the cutter. Using Cutter Compensation, you
can program the part as if the center of the cutter will be travelling along the geometry.
G40 CUTTER COMPENSATION CANCEL
G40 will cancel the G41 or G42 cutter compensation commands.
G41 CUTTER COMPENSATION LEFT
G41 will action cutter compensation left. The tool is moved to the left of the programmed path to
compensate for the radius of the tool. A Dnn must also be programmed to select the correct tool
size from the DIAMETER/RADIUS offset display register.
G42 CUTTER COMPENSATION RIGHT
G42 will action cutter compensation right. The tool is moved to the right of the programmed path
to compensate for the size of the tool.
G41
G41
G41 Left of the Line G42 Right of the Line
G41 : Tool is moved to the left of the profile (e.g. Outside Profile shown as above)
G42 : Tool is moved to the right of the profile (e.g. Inside Profile shown as above)
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LESSON-10 - G40, G41, & G42 CUTTER COMPENSATION
Without Cutter Compensation Using Cutter Compensation

% %
O10011 O10012
N1 T12 M06 (3/4” Flat Endmill) N1 T12 M06 (3/4” Flat Endmill)
N2 G90 G54 G00 X-.575 Y-.200 S1500 M03 N2 G90 G54 G00 X-.575 Y-.200 S1500 M03
N3 G43 H12 Z2. N3 G43 H12 Z2.
N4 Z.1 N4 Z.1
N5 G01 Z-.25 F10. N5 G01 Z-.25 F10.
N6 X-.375 (Point B) N6 G41 X0. D12 (Origin)
N7 Y?.???? (Point C) N7 Y1.0 (P1)
N8 X?.???? Y2.375 (Point D) N8 X1.732 Y2.0 (P2)
N9 X2.875 (Point E) N9 X2.875
N10 M05 N10 G40 M05
N11 G00 Z2. N11 G00 Z2.
N12 G91 G28 Z0. (Machine Home Z-Axis) N12 G91 G28 Z0. (Machine Home Z-Axis)
N13 G28 X0. Y0. (Machine Home X,Y-Axis) N13 G28 X0. Y0. (Machine Home X,Y-Axis)
N14 M30 N14 M30
% %
The Cutter Compensation (G41) will reflect the actual part geometry (O, P1, P2..) instead of Cutter
Centers (Point B,C,D & E)
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 Machine the profile and pocket using cutter compensation
 0.750” diameter end mill Spindle Speed = 2100 Feed rate = 25 IPM
 Ø.375” Spot Drill - Tool # 6
 Ø.201” Drill - Tool # 8
 Ø.25”-20 UNC Tap - Tool # 9
 0.250-20 UNC Tap Spindle Speed = 1000 Feed rate = 50 IPM
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE TWO HOLES
G90 X Y
1
2
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POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE PART - CONTOUR
 X0Y0 is at the lower left of the part

POSITIONS OF THE 0.75’ DIAMETER END MILL TO MACHINE THE CONTOUR
G90 X Y G90 X Y
1 12
2 13
3 14
4 15
5 16
6 17
7
8
9
10
11
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POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE PART - POCKET

POSITIONS OF THE 0.75’ DIAMETER END MILL TO MACHINE THE POCKET
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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 Ø.25”-20 UNC Tap - Tool # 9
%
O888
N10 G20
N30
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 Ø.25”-20 UNC Tap - Tool # 9
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 WORK OUT THE ABSOLUTE X AND Y COORDINATES FOR THE TWO HOLES
G90 X Y
1
2
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POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE PART - CONTOUR

POSITIONS OF THE 0.75’ DIAMETER END MILL TO MACHINE CONTOUR
G90 X Y G90 X Y
1 12
2 13
3 14
4 15
5 16
6 17
7
8
9
10
11
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POSITIONS TO MACHINE THE PART - POCKET

POSITIONS OF THE 0.75’ DIAMETER END MILL TO MACHINE POCKET
G90 X Y
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
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 Ø.25”-20 UNC Tap - Tool # 9
%
O003
N10 G20
N30
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CNC PROGRAMMING
WORKBOOK
APPENDIX
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Page 123
Appendix – Extra CNC Programming Exercises
Exercise #1
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Page 124 Appendix - 2
Extra CNC Programming Exercise #2
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Appendix - 3 Page 125
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Instructions:
1. Create your own design.
2. The material size: 6” x 1.5” x .125” Aluminum
3. The part is held in the vise.
4. Locate the part flush with the left hand side of the vise jaw.
5. X0 Y0 is the top left hand corner of the material.
6. Z0 is the top of the material.
7. Center Drill is used as an engraving tool to machine the letters.
8. Spindle Speed: 5000 rpm
9. Feedrate: 12 in/min
10. Depth of Cut : -0.025”
11. Center Drill 2 mounting holes using Canned Cycle
12. Depth of Cut: -0.25
13. Minimum of five letters
14. You can use the suggested letter shapes & size or create your own lettering design.
Suggested Lettering:
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Appendix – Preparatory Functions – G-Codes
G00 RAPID POSITIONING MOTION
G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION MOTION
G02 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION MOTION - CLOCKWISE
G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION MOTION - COUNTECLOCKWISE
G04 DWELL
G09 EXACT STOP
G10 PROGRAMMABLE OFFSET SETTING
G12 CW CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING
G13 CCW CIRCULAR POCKET MILLING
G17 CIRCULAR MOTION XY PLANE SELECTION (G02 or G03)
G18 CIRCULAR MOTION ZX PLANE SELECTION (G02 or G03)
G19 CIRCULAR MOTION YZ PLANE SELECTION (G02 or G03)
G20 VERIFY INCH COORDINATE POSITIONING
G21 VERIFY METRIC COORDINATE POSITIONING
G28 MACHINE ZERIO RETURN THRU REF. POINT
G29 MOVE TO LOCATION THROUGH G28 REF. POINT
G31 FEED UNTIL SKIP FUNCTION
G35 AUTOMATIC TOOL DIAMETER MEASUREMENT
G36 AUTOMATIC WORK OFFSET MEASUREMENT
G37 AUTOMATIC TOOL LENGTH MEASUREMENT
G40 CUTTER COMPENSATION CANCEL G41/G42/G141
G41 2D CUTTER COMPENSATION, LEFT (X, Y, D)
G42 2D CUTTER COMPENSATION, RIGHT (X, Y, D)
G43 TOOL LENGTH COMPESATION POSITIVE (H, Z)
G44 TOOL LENGTH COMPENATION NEGATIVE (H, Z)
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G47 TEXT ENGRAVING (X, Y, Z, R, I, J, P, E, F)
G49 TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION CANCEL G43/G44/G143)
G50 SCALING G51 CANCEL
G51 SCALING (X, Y, Z, P)
G52 WORK OFFSET COORDINATE POSITING
G52 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE OFFSET SHIFT
G52 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE OFFSET SHIFT
G53 MACHINE COORDAINTE POSITIONING, NON-MODAL (X, Y, Z, A, B)
G54 WORK OFSET COORDIANTE POSITIONING #1
G60 UNI-DIRECTIONAL POSITIONING (X, Y, Z, A, B)
G61 EXACT STOP, MODAL (X, Y, Z, A, B)
G64 EXACT STOP G61 MODE CANCEL
G65 MACRO SUB-ROUTINE CALL
G68 ROATION (G17, G18, G19, X, Y, Z, R)
G69 ROTATION G68 CANCEL
G70 BOLT HOLE CIRCLE with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, L)
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G71 BOLTHOLEARC with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, K, L)
G72 BOLT HOLES ALONG AN ANGLE with a CANNED CYCLE (I, J, L)
G73 HIGH SPEED PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, K, Q, P, R, L, F)
G74 REVERSE TAPPING CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, J, R, L, F)
G76 FINE BORING CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, P, Q, R, L, F)
G77 BACK BORE CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, Q, R, L, F)
G80 CANCEL CANNED CYCLE
G81 DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F)
G82 SPOT DRILL/COUNTERBORE CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F)
G83 PECK DRILL CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, I, J, K, Q, P, R, L, F)
G84 TAPPING CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, J, R, L, F)
G85 BORE IN, BORE OUT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F)
G86 BORE IN, STOP, RAPID OUT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F)
G87 BORE IN AND MANUAL RETRACT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, R, L, F)
G88 BORE IN, DWELL, MANUAL RETRACT CANNED CYCLE (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F)
G89 BORE IN, DWELL, BORE OUT (X, Y, A, B, Z, P, R, L, F)
G90 ABSOLUTE POSITIONING
G91 INCREMENTAL POSITIONING
G92 GLOBAL WORK COORDINATE SYSTEM SHIFT (FANUC) (HAAS)
G92 SET WORK COORDINATE VALUE (YA SNAC)
G93 INVERSE TIME FEED MODE ON
G94 INVERSE TIME FEED MODE OFF/FEED PER MINUTE ON
G98 CANNED CYCLE INITIAL POINT RETURN
G99 CANNED CYCLE “R” PLANE RETURN
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Appendix – Miscellaneous Functions – M-Codes
M00 PROGRAM STOP
M01 OPTIONAL PROGRAM STOP
M02 PROGRAM END
M03 SPINDLE ON CLOCKWISE
M04 SPINDLE ON COUTERCLOCKWISE
M05 SPINDLE STOP
M06 TOOL CHANGE
M08 COOLANT ON
M09 COOLANT OFF
M19 ORIENT SPINDLE (P, R)
M21-M28 OPTIONAL USER M CODE INTERFACE WITH M-FIN SIGNAL
M30 PROGRAM END AN RESET
M31 CHIP AUGER FORWARD
M32 CHIP AUGER REVERSE
M33 CHIP AUGER STOP
M34 COOLANT SPIGOT POSITION DOWN, INCREMENT
M35 COOLANT SPIGOT POSITION UP, DECREMENT
M36 PALET PART READY
M39 ROTATE TOOL TURRET
M41 SPINDLE LOW GEAR OVERRIDE
M42 SPINDLE HIGH GEAR OVERRIDE
M50 EXECUTE PALLET CHANGE
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Appendix – Miscellaneous Functions – M-Codes
M51-M58 OPTIONAL USER M CODE SET
M59 OUTPUT RELAY SET (N)
M61-M68 OPTIONAL USER M CODE CLEAR
M69 OUTPUT RELAY CLEAR (N)
M75 SET G35 OR G136 REFERENCE POINT
M76 CONTROL DISPLAY INACTIVE
M77 CONTROL DISPLAY ACTIVE
M78 ALARM IF SKIP SIGNAL FOUND
M79 ALARM IF SKIP SIGNAL NOT FOUND
M80 AUTOMATIC DOOR OPEN
M81 AUTOMATIC DOOR CLOSE
M82 TOOL UNCLAMP
M83 AUTO AIR JET ON
M84 AUTO AIR JET OFF
M86 TOOL CLAMP
M88 COOLANT THROUGH SPINDLE ON
M89 COOLANT THROUGH SPINDLE OFF
M93 AXIS POS CAPTURE START (P, Q)
M94 AXIS POS CAPTURE STOP
M95 SLEEP MODE
M96 JUMP IF NO SIGNAL (P, Q)
M97 LOCAL SUB-PROGRAM CALL (P, L)
M98 SUB-PROGRAM CALL (P, L)
M99 SUB-PROGRAM/ROUTINE RETURN OR LOOP
M109 INTERACTIVE USER INPUT (P)
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Standard Drill Sizes - Inches
Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal Drill Decimal

. . . . . . .
Size Equiv. Size Equiv. Size Equiv. Size Equiv.
80 = .0135 43 = .089 8 = .199 25/64 = .3906
79 = .0145 42 = .0935 7 = .201 X = .397
1/64 = .0156 3/32 = .0938 13/64 = .2031 Y = .404
78 = .016 41 = .096 6 = .204 13/32 = .4063
77 = .018 40 = .098 5 = .2055 Z = .413
76 = .020 39 = .0995 4 = .209 27/64 = .4219
75 = .021 38 = .1015 3 = .213 7/16 = .4375
74 = .0225 37 = .104 7/32 = .2188 29/64 = .4531
73 = .024 36 = .1065 2 = .221 15/32 = .4688
72 = .025 7/64 = .1094 1 = .228 31/64 = .4844
71 = .026 35 = .110 A = .234 1/2 = .500
70 = .028 34 = .111 15/64 = .2344 33/64 = .5156
69 = .0292 33 = .113 B = .238 17/32 = .5313
68 = .031 32 = .116 C = .242 35/64 = .5469
1/32 = .0313 31 = .120 D = .246 9/16 = .5625
67 = .032 1/8 = .1250 1/4 (E) = .250 37/64 = .5781
66 = .033 30 = .1285 F = .257 19/32 = .5938
65 = .035 29 = .136 G = .261 39/64 = .6094
64 = .036 28 = .1405 17/64 = .2656 5/8 = .625
63 = .037 9/64 = .1406 H = .266 41/64 = .6406
62 = .038 27 = .144 I = .272 21/32 = .6563
61 = .039 26 = .147 J = .277 43/64 = .6719
60 = .040 25 = .1495 K = .281 11/16 = .6875
59 = .041 24 = .152 9/32 = .2813 45/64 = .7031
58 = .042 23 = .154 L = .290 23/32 = .7188
57 = .043 5/32 = .1563 M = .295 47/64 = .7344
56 = .0465 22 = .157 19/64 = .2969 3/4 = .750
3/64 = .0469 21 = .159 N = .302 49/64 = .7656
55 = .052 20 = .161 5/16 = .3125 25/32 = .7813
54 = .055 19 = .166 O = .316 51/64 = .7969
53 = .0595 18 = .1695 P = .323 13/16 = .8125
1/16 = .0625 11/64 = .1719 21/64 = .3281 53/64 = .8281
52 = .0635 17 = .173 Q = .332 27/32 = .8438
51 = .067 16 = .177 R = .339 55/64 = .8594
50 = .070 15 = .180 11/32 = .3438 7/8 = .875
49 = .073 14 = .182 S = .348 57/64 = .8906
48 = .076 13 = .185 T = .358 29/32 = .9063
5/64 = .0781 3/16 = .1875 23/64 = .3594 59/64 = .9219
47 = .0785 12 = .189 U = .368 15/16 = .9375
46 = .081 11 = .191 3/8 = .375 61/64 = .9531
45 = .082 10 = .1935 V = .377 31/32 = .9688
44 =.086 9 = .196 W = .386 63/64 = .9844
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Inch Tap Drill Sizes
INCH SIZES - NATIONAL COARSE INCH SIZES - NATIONAL FINE

UNC UNF
---------------------------- ----------------------------
TAP DRILL TAP DRILL
SIZE SIZE SIZE SIZE
---------------------------- ----------------------------
#1-64 #53 #0-80 3/64"
#2-56 #51 #1-72 #53
#3-48 5/64" #2-64 #50
#4-40 #43 #3-56 #46
#5-40 #39 #4-48 #42
#6-32 #36 #5-44 #37
#8-32 #29 #6-40 #33
#10-24 #25 #8-36 #29
#12-24 #17 #10-32 #21
1/4-20 #7 #12-28 #15
5/16-18 F 1/4-28 #3
3/8-16 5/16 5/16-24 I
7/16-14 U 3/8-24 Q
1/2-13 27/64 7/16-20 W
9/16-12 31/64 1/2-20 29/64
5/8-11 17/32 9/16-18 33/64
3/4-10 21/32 5/8-18 37/64
7/8-9 49/64 3/4-16 11/16
1"-8 7/8 7/8-14 13/16
1-1/8-7 63/64 1"-14 15/16
1-1/4-7 1-7/64 1-1/8-12 1-3/64
1-1/2-6 1-11/32 1-1/4-12 1-11/64
1-3/4-5 1-35/64 1-1/2-12 1-27/64
2"-4-1/2 1-25/32 1-3/4-12 1-43/64
2"-12 1-59/64
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Metric Tap Drill Sizes
METRIC COARSE SIZES METRIC FINE SIZES

---------------------------- ----------------------------
TAP DRILL TAP DRILL
SIZE SIZE SIZE SIZE
---------------------------- ----------------------------
1mm x .25 .75mm 4 mm x .35 3.6mm
1.1 x .25 .85 4 x .5 3.5
1.2 x .25 .95 5 x .5 4.5
1.4 x .3 1.1 6 x .5 5.5
1.6 x .35 1.25 6 x .75 5.25
1.7 x .35 1.3 7 x .75 6.25
1.8 x .35 1.45 8 x .5 7.5
2 x .4 1.6 8 x .75 7.25
2.2 x .45 1.75 8x1 7
2.5 x .45 2.05 9x1 8
3 x .5 2.5 10 x .75 9.25
3.5 x .6 2.9 10 x 1 9
4 x .7 3.3 10 x 1.25 8.8
4.5 x .75 3.7 11 x 1 10
5 x .8 4.2 12 x .75 11.25
6x1 5 12 x 1 11
7x1 6 12 x 1.5 10.5
8 x 1.25 6.8 14 x 1 13
9 x 1.25 7.8 14 x 1.25 12.8
10 x 1.5 8.5 14 x 1.5 12.5
11 x 1.5 9.5 16 x 1 15
12 x 1.75 10.2 16 x 1.5 14.5
14 x 2 12 18 x 1 17
16 x 2 14 18 x 2 16
18 x 2.5 15.5 20 x 1 19
20 x 2.5 17.5 20 x 1.5 18.5
22 x 2.5 19.5 20 x 2 18
24 x 3 21 22 x 1 21
27 x 3 24 22 x 1.5 20.5
30 x 3.5 26.5 22 x 2 20
24 x 1.5 22.5
24 x 2 22
26 x 1.5 24.5
27 x 1.5 25.5
27 x 2 25
28 x 1.5 26.5
30 x 1.5 28.5
30 x 2 28
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NCPlot Installation Instructions
Installation Instructions for Workbook users:

1. Locate the DVD/CD that came with the workbook (fixed to the back cover).
2. Insert the disc into the DVD/CD ROM tray of your computer.
3. When the AutoPlay window is displayed select Open folder to view files as shown below:
4. Double click or open the folder NCPlot_v1_2 as shown below:
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NCPlot Installation Instructions Continued
5. Double-click the NCPlot.exe file as shown below. This will start the installation process. Follow the
instructions on the screen to complete the installation.
Installation Instructions for Online Course users:

1. Go to the Course Intro page of the Online Course as shown below:
2. Locate the “What you need to complete this course” section on this page and click on the NCPlot
link to download the NCPlot installation file. Make sure you save the file to a place on the hard drive
that you can be easily located.
3. Once the file has downloaded locate it and double-click the NCPlot.zip file to extract the installation
files onto your hard drive. Make sure you extract the files into a new folder on your hard drive and
remember where the folder is located.
4. Open the folder the files were extracted to and double click on NCPlot.exe.
5. Follow the instructions on the screen.
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CNC

By Matthew Manton and Duane Weidinger

Date: May 1, 2011

Copyright © 2011 CamInstructor Inc. - All rights reserved.

National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication

To order additional copies of the book contact:

LESSON-1 ..ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING ........................................................1

EXERCISES 1 THROUGH 4 ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL ........................................... 5

LESSON-2 .. INTRODUCTION TO CNC CODES .......................................................................9

AUTOMATIC TOOL CHANGER STANDARD TOOL CAROUSEL ................................... 10

COMMONLY USED PREPARATORY G-CODES ........................................................... 11

COMMONLY USED MISCELLANEOUS M-CODES ...................................................... 12

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM START-UP BLOCKS ............................................................ 13

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM END BLOCKS ..................................................................... 14

EXAMPLE OF PROGRAM TOOL CHANGE BLOCKS .................................................... 14

RAPID (G00) AND LINEAR (G01) INTERPOLATION ................................................... 15

CNC PART #1 – SPOT DRILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................................ 17

LESSON-3 .. CREATING CNC PRORAMS - CNC PART #1 .........................................................19

CNC PART #1 – SPOT AND DRILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM1 ..................................... 20

LESSON-4 .. DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................23

DRILLING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................................... 25

CNC PART #1 – SPOT AND DRILLING PROGRAM USING G81 ................................... 26

CNC PART #1 – WHAT COULD GO WRONG?............................................................ 28

LESSON-5 .. DRILLING USING CANNED CYCLES ....................................................................29

CNC PART #2 - SPOT AND DRILLING PROGRAM USING G81.................................... 30

CNC PART #2 - CREATE THE PROGRAM TO SPOT AND DRILL .................................. 32

CNC - PART #2 - TYPING UP YOUR PROGRAM USING WINDOWS NOTEPAD........... 34

CNC - PART #2 - BACKPLOTTING .............................................................................. 37

CNC - PART #3 - CREATE THE PROGRAM ................................................................. 39

CNC - PART #3 - BACKPLOTTING .............................................................................. 43

CNC - PART #4 - CREATE THE PROGRAM ................................................................. 45

LESSON-6 .. STRAIGHT LINE MILLING – LINEAR INTERPOLATION ..........................................49

EXERCISE #1 - ABSOLUTE & INCREMENTAL POSITIONING ...................................... 50

CNC PART #5 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................. 51

CNC PART #6 – STRAIGHT LINE MILLING SAMPLE PROGRAM ................................. 54

CNC PART #7 – CREATE THE PROGRAM................................................................... 57

CNC PART #8 – CREATE THE PROGRAM................................................................... 60

LESSON-7 .. CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ..............................................................................63

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION EXERCISES .................................................................... 65

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION SAMPLE PROGRAMS .................................................... 72

LESSON-8 .. CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ..............................................................................77

CNC PART #9 – CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ...................... 78

CNC PART #10 - CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ..................... 84

LESSON-9 .. CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION ..............................................................................91

CNC PART #11 - CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ..................... 92

CNC PART #12 - CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION CREATE THE PROGRAM ..................... 98

LESSON-10 CUTTER COMPENSATION.................................................................................105

INTRODUCTION TO CUTTER COMPENSATION ......................................................... 106

EXTRA CNC PROGRAMMING EXERCISES .................................................................. 124

PREPATORY FUNCTIONS – G-CODES........................................................................ 131

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTIONS – M-CODES .............................................................. 134

STANDARD DRILL SIZES – INCHES ............................................................................ 136

INCH TAP DRILL SIZES ............................................................................................... 137

METRIC TAP DRILL SIZES .......................................................................................... 138

NCPLOT INSTALLATION GUIDE................................................................................. 139

The following Menu Screen should appear;

G90 ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING

G91 INCREMENTAL PROGRAMMING

G90 ABSOLUTE PROGRAMMING