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MXN MXN: Aljabar Matriks

1. The document discusses matrices including types of matrices, matrix operations, and using matrices to solve systems of linear equations. 2. The types of matrices discussed include square, non-square, identity, diagonal, symmetric, and orthogonal matrices. 3. Matrix operations covered are addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transpose, determinant, and inverse. 4. Systems of linear equations can be represented using augmented matrices and row operations like Gaussian elimination can be used to solve the systems.

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Nurul hidayati
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views8 pages

MXN MXN: Aljabar Matriks

1. The document discusses matrices including types of matrices, matrix operations, and using matrices to solve systems of linear equations. 2. The types of matrices discussed include square, non-square, identity, diagonal, symmetric, and orthogonal matrices. 3. Matrix operations covered are addition, subtraction, scalar multiplication, matrix multiplication, transpose, determinant, and inverse. 4. Systems of linear equations can be represented using augmented matrices and row operations like Gaussian elimination can be used to solve the systems.

Uploaded by

Nurul hidayati
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALJABAR MATRIKS

 Persamaan Simutan
2 x+3 y +2 z=4
x + y +3 z=5
−x +2 y−z=8

2 3 2 x 4
[ 1 1 3
−1 2 −1 ][ ] [ ]
y = 5
z 8

[A] [ X ] = [B]

a11 a 12 a13 a1 j … a1 n

[ a21



ai 1

am 1
a 22 a23 a2 j
⋮ ⋮ ⋮
ai 2 ai 3 aij
⋮ ⋮ ⋮
am 2 a m 3 amj

Keterangan :
… a2 n
… ⋮
… a¿
… ⋮
… amn
]
m = Jumlah Baris
m
m xx n
n
n = Jumlah Kolom

 Macam – Macam Matriks


1. Mariks Bujur Sangkar

m=
1 2 3
[ ]
4 5 6
7 8 9
matriks ordo 3 x 3

Membentuk diagonal utama


2. Matriks Baris

m=
[ 1 2 3]
3. Matriks Kolom

n=
1
[]
2
3

 Tipe –tipe Matriks Bujur Sangkar

1. Matriks Diagonal semua elemen 0, kecuali diagonal utama

1 0 0

[ ] 0 2 0
0 0 3

Diagonal utama

2. Matriks Satuan semua matriks diagonalnya satu

1 0 0
[ ] 0 1 0
0 0 1

Diagonal utama

3. Matriks Simetrik a ij=a ji (cerminan)

1 2 3

[ ] 2 0 7
3 7 5

4. Matriks Skaw Simetris a ij=−a ji

1 −2 −3

[ 2 0 −7
3 7 5 ]
 Operasi Matriks

a ij=bij
[ A ] = [B]
 Penjumlahan Matriks

Syarat : [ A ] dan [ B ] memiliki ordo yang sama

[ A ]= 1 2 3
[4 ]
5 6

[ B ] =[ 0 3 2
1 2 3]
(1+ 0) (2+ 3) (3+ 2) 1 5 5
Maka [ A ] + [ B ] =
[ =
(4+1) (5+2) (6+ 3) 5 7 9][ ]
 Sifat penjumlahan matriks
1. Komutati
[ A ] + [B] = [B] + [ A ]

2. Asosiati
[ A ] + [ B ] + [ C ] = ([ A ] + [ B ]) + [ C ]

3. Perkalian matriks dengan scalar (k)

[ A ]= 1 2 3
[4 ]
5 6
k = -2
maka [ D ] = k [ A ]

[ D ] = -2 [ 14 2 3 −2 −4 −6
= ][
5 6 −8 −10 −12 ]
Sifat asosiatif:
k ( [ A ] + [ D ] )=k [ A ] +k [ D ]
k ( [ A ] + [ B ] )=( [ A ] + [ B ] ) k

4. Perkalian matriks dengan matriks lain


[ A ] [B] = [C ]
(mxp) X (pxn) = (mxn)

[ A ]= 1 2 3
[4 ]
5 6
3 4

[ ]
[ B ] = −1 2
2 1
3−2+6 4 +4 +3 7 11
Maka [ C ] = [ 12−5+12 ][=
16 +10+6 19 32 ]
Sifat:
[ A ] ( [ B ] +[ C ] ) =[ A ][ B ] + [ A ][ C ]
[ A ] [ B ] ≠ [ B ][ A ]

5. Transpose Matrkis
T
[A]
[ A ]= 1 2 3
[4 ]
5 6
1 4
T
[A] = 2 5
[ ]
3 6

Siiat :
a. ¿
b. ¿
c. ¿
d. ¿
1 4
[ A ]= 1 2 3
[4 5 6 ] T
[A] = 2 5
[ ] 3 6

3 4
[ ]
[ B ] = −1 2
2 1
[ B ]T = 3 −1 2
[4 2 1 ]
3−2+6 4 +4 +3 7 11
([ A ] [ B ] ) = [ 12−5+12 ][ ]
=
16 +10+6 19 32

[ B ]T [ A ]T = 3−2+6
[ 4 +4 +3 12−5+12 = 7 19
16 +10+6 ] [ 11 32 ]

¿= [ 117 1932] =
T T
[ 7 19]
[ B ] [ A ] = 11 32

6. Determinan
 Determinan matriks bujur sangkar

a11 a 12
[ A ]=
[ a21 a 22 ]
Determinan ( A ) =( a11 × a22 )−(a21 × a12 )

[ A ]= 7 [ 11 1932]
Det (A) = (7x32) - (11x19) = 15

b 11 b12 b13

[
[ B ] = b 21 b22 b23
b 31 b32 b33 ]
Determinan ( B )=+b 11 ( ( b 22 ×b 33 )−( b 32 ×b 23 ))

−b 12( ( b21 × b33 )−( b31 × b23 ))

+b 13( ( b21 × b32 )−( b31 × b22 ))

7. Invers (matriks non singular )


matriks tidak memiliki invers (matriks singular)
[ A ] → A−1
[ A ] [ A ]−1=[ I ]
Contoh :
6 −2 −3
[
[ A ] = −1
−1 0
1 0
1 ]
1 2 3
−1
[A] = 1 3 3
[ ]
1 2 4

1 0 0
−1
[A][A] = 0 1 0
0 0 1 [ ]
6−2−3 12−6−6 18−6−12 1 0 0
[−1+1+ 0 −2+3+0 −3+3+0 = 0 1 0
−1+0+1 −2+0+2 −3+ 0+4 0 0 1 ][ ]
1 0 0 1 0 0

[ ][ ]
0 1 0=0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
 Metode Gauss Jordan
 Operasi baris elementer

1 3 3

[ ]
[ A ]= 1 4
1 3
3
4

1 3 31 0 0
[ ]
[ A ]= 1 4 3 0 1 0
1 3 40 0 1

LANGKAH :

1. Baris ke-2 dikurangi baris ke-1


1 3 3 1 0 0

[
[ A ] = 0 1 0 −1 1 0
1 3 4 0 0 1 ]
2. Baris ke-3 dikurangi baris ke-1
1 3 3 1 0 0
[
[ A ] = 0 1 0 −1 1 0
0 0 1 −1 0 1 ]
3. Baris ke-1 dikurangi (3xbaris ke-2)
1 0 3 4 −3 0

[
[ A ] = 0 1 0 −1 1 0
0 0 1 −1 0 1 ]
4. Baris ke-1 dikurangi (3xbaris ke-3)
1 0 0 7 −3 −3
[
[ A ] = 0 1 0 −1
0 0 1 −1 0
1 0
1 ]
8. Matriks Ortogonal
[ A ] → ortogonal
−1 T
[ A ] [ A ] =[ I ]
1 0 0
−1 T

[ ]
[A] [ A] = 0 1 0
0 0 1

9. Persamaan simutan dengan matriks


4x + 3y + z = 13
x + 2y + 3z = 14
3x + 2y + 5z = 22

4 3 1 x 13
[ ][ ] [ ]
1 2 3 y = 14
3 2 5 z 22

Langkah :

4 3 1 13

[ 1 2 3 14
3 2 5 22 ]
a) Menentukan augmented matriks
 4a + 1 = 0
a = -1/4
 4a + 3 = 0
a = -3/4
b) Melakukan operasi baris untuk mengeliminasi variabel x, yaitu dengan
menambahkan tiap elemen baris ke-2 dengan (-1/4 kali elemen baris ke-1) dan
menambahkan elemen baris ke-3 dengan (-3/4 kali elemen baris ke-1).
4 3 1 13

[ 0 1.25 2.75 10.75


0 −0.25 4.25 12.25 ]
c) Melakukan operasi baris untuk mengeliminasi variabel y pada baris ke-3 dengan
cara (Baris ke-3 X 5)+baris ke-2.
4 3 1 13
[ 0 1.25 2.75 10.75
0 0 24 72
d) Diperoleh persamaan :
]
4x +3y +z = 13……………(1)
1.25y +2.75z = 10.75….(2)
24z =72……………………..(3)

Sehingga:
 Dari persamaan (3) di dapatkan nilai z
24z =72
z = 72/24 = 3
 Nilai z dari persamaan (3) disubstitusi ke persamaan (2)
1.25y + 2.75(3) =10.75
y =2
 Nilai y dan z disubstitusi ke persamaan (1)
4x + 3(2) +3 = 13
x=1

10. Matriks partsi ( matriks di bagi-bagi)


5 3 1
[ A ]= 4
[ ]6 2 ordo 3x3 di bagi menjadi ordo 2x2
10 3 4
A 11
A 21 [ A12
A22 ]
1 5
[ ]
[ B ] = 2 4 ordo 3x2 di bagi menjadi ordo 2x1
3 2
B11
[ ]
B 21

A 11 A 12 B11 ( A x B ) + ¿ ( A 12 x B21 )
[ A ] [ B ]=
[ ][ ] (
= 11 11
A 21 A 22 B 21 ( A 21 x B11 ) +¿ ( A 22 x B 21) )
5 3 1 5 11 37
[ ][ ] [
( A11 x B11 )= 4 6 2 4 = 16 44 ]
1 3 2
[]
( A12 x B21) = 2 [ 3 2 ] = 6 4 [ ]
1 5
[ ]
( A21 x B11 ) =[ 10 3 ] 2 4 =[ 16 62 ]

( A22 x B21 )=[ 4 ][ 3 2 ] =[ 12 8 ]

14 39
Sehingga [ A ] [ B ] = 22
[ ] 48
28 70

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