M02/510/H(2)M+

c
INTERNATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
BACCALAURÉAT INTERNATIONAL
BACHILLERATO INTERNACIONAL

MARKSCHEME

May 2002

MATHEMATICS

Higher Level

Paper 2

25 pages
 –3– M02/510/H(2)M+

Paper 2 Markscheme

Instructions to Examiners
1 Method of marking

(a) All marking must be done using a red pen.

(b) Marks should be noted on candidates’ scripts as in the markscheme:

! show the breakdown of individual marks using the abbreviations (M1), (A2) etc.

! write down each part mark total, indicated on the markscheme (for example, [3 marks] ) – it
is suggested that this be written at the end of each part, and underlined;

! write down and circle the total for each question at the end of the question.

2 Abbreviations

The markscheme may make use of the following abbreviations:

M Marks awarded for Method

A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy

G Marks awarded for correct solutions, generally obtained from a Graphic Display Calculator,
irrespective of working shown

C Marks awarded for Correct statements

R Marks awarded for clear Reasoning

AG Answer Given in the question and consequently marks are not awarded

3 Follow Through (ft) Marks

Questions in this paper were constructed to enable a candidate to:

" show, step by step, what he or she knows and is able to do;

" use an answer obtained in one part of a question to obtain answers in the later parts of a question.

Thus errors made at any step of the solution can affect all working that follows. Furthermore, errors
made early in the solution can affect more steps or parts of the solution than similar errors made later.

To limit the severity of the penalty for errors made at any step of a solution, follow through (ft)
marks should be awarded. The procedures for awarding these marks require that all examiners:

(i) penalise an error when it first occurs;

(ii) accept the incorrect answer as the appropriate value or quantity to be used in all subsequent
parts of the question;
 –4– M02/510/H(2)M+

(iii) award M marks for a correct method, and A(ft) marks if the subsequent working contains no
further errors.

Follow through procedures may be applied repeatedly throughout the same problem.

The errors made by a candidate may be: arithmetical errors; errors in algebraic manipulation; errors in
geometrical representation; use of an incorrect formula; errors in conceptual understanding.

The following illustrates a use of the follow through procedure:

Markscheme Candidate’s Script Marking

$ 600 × 1.02 M1 Amount earned = $ 600 × 1.02 8 M1
= $ 612 A1 = $602 × A0
$ (306 × 1.02) + (306 × 1.04) M1 Amount = 301 × 1.02 + 301 × 1.04 8 M1
= $ 630.36 A1 = $ 620.06 8 A1(ft)

Note that the candidate made an arithmetical error at line 2; the candidate used a correct method at
lines 3, 4; the candidate’s working at lines 3, 4 is correct.

However, if a question is transformed by an error into a different, much simpler question then:

(i) fewer marks should be awarded at the discretion of the Examiner;

(ii) marks awarded should be followed by ‘(d)’ (to indicate that these marks have been awarded at
the discretion of the Examiner);

(iii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been awarded.

4 Using the Markscheme

(a) This markscheme presents a particular way in which each question may be worked and how it
should be marked. Alternative methods have not always been included. Thus, if an answer is
wrong then the working must be carefully analysed in order that marks are awarded for a
different method in a manner which is consistent with the markscheme.

In this case:

(i) a mark should be awarded followed by ‘(d)’ (to indicate that these marks have
been awarded at the discretion of the Examiner);

(ii) a brief note should be written on the script explaining how these marks have been
awarded.

Alternative solutions are indicated by OR. Where these are accompanied by G marks, they
usually signify that the answer is acceptable from a graphic display calculator without showing
working. For example:

Mean = 7906/134 (M1)

= 59 (A1)
OR

Mean = 59 (G2)
 –5– M02/510/H(2)M+

sin θ
(b) Unless the question specifies otherwise, accept equivalent forms. For example: for tan θ
cosθ
These equivalent numerical or algebraic forms may be written in brackets after the required
answer.

(c) As this is an international examination, all alternative forms of notation should be accepted.
!
For example: 1.7 , 1 ⋅ 7 , 1,7 ; different forms of vector notation such as u , u , u ; tan −1 x for
arctan x.

5 Accuracy of Answers

There are two types of accuracy errors, incorrect level of accuracy, and rounding errors. Unless the
level of accuracy is specified in the question, candidates should be penalized once only IN THE
PAPER for any accuracy error (AP). This could be an incorrect level of accuracy, or a rounding
error. Hence, on the first occasion in the paper when a correct answer is given to the wrong degree of
accuracy, or rounded incorrectly, maximum marks are not awarded, but on all subsequent occasions
when accuracy errors occur, then maximum marks are awarded.

There are also situations (particularly in some of the options) where giving an answer to more
than 3 significant figures is acceptable. This will be noted in the markscheme.

(a) Level of accuracy

(i) In the case when the accuracy of the answer is specified in the question (for example:
“find the size of angle A to the nearest degree”) the maximum mark is awarded only if
the correct answer is given to the accuracy required.

(ii) When the accuracy is not specified in the question, then the general rule applies:

Unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must

be given exactly or to three significant figures.

(b) Rounding errors

Rounding errors should only be penalized at the final answer stage. This does not apply to
intermediate answers, only those asked for as part of a question. Premature rounding which
leads to incorrect answers should only be penalized at the answer stage.

Incorrect answers are wrong, and should not be considered under (a) or (b).

Examples

A question leads to the answer 4.6789….

! 4.68 is the correct 3 s.f. answer.

! 4.7, 4.679 are to the wrong level of accuracy, and should be penalised the first time this type of
error occurs.
! 4.67 is incorrectly rounded – penalise on the first occurrence.
Note: All these “incorrect” answers may be assumed to come from 4.6789..., even if that value is not
seen, but previous correct working is shown. However, 4.60 is wrong, as is 4.5, 4.8, and these should
be penalised as being incorrect answers, not as examples of accuracy errors.
 –6– M02/510/H(2)M+

Markscheme Candidate’s Script (A) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1
= 7.9233 = 7.92 (3 s.f.) A1 = 7.9233 = 7.92 A1

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.9233 A1 (b) 2a = 2 × 7.29 = 14.58 A0

= 15.8466 = 15.8 (3 s.f.) A1 = 14.5 A0(AP)
Total 2 marks

Notes: Award A1 for either the exact answer 7.9233 or the 3 s.f. answer 7.92.
In line 3, Candidate A has incorrectly transcribed the answer for part (a), but then
performs the calculation correctly, and would normally gain the follow through marks.
However, the final answer is incorrectly rounded, and the AP applies.

Candidate’s Script (B) Marking Candidate’s Script (C) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.9233 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.9233 M1
= 7.92 A1 = 7.93 A0(AP)

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.9233 A1 (b) 2a = 2 × 7.93 A1(ft)

= 15.8466 = 15.85 A0(AP) = 15.86 = 15.8 A1(ft)
Total 3 marks Total 3 marks

Notes: Candidate B has given the answer to part (b) to the wrong level of accuracy, AP applies.
Candidate C has incorrectly rounded the answers to both parts (a) and (b), is penalised
(AP) on the first occurrence (line 2), and awarded follow through marks for part (b).

Candidate’s Script (D) Marking Candidate’s Script (E) Marking

(a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 M1 (a) a = 2.31 × 3.43 = 7.923 M1
= 7.923 = 7.9 A0(AP) = 7.93 A0(AP)

(b) 2a = 2 × 7.923 A1(ft) (b) 2a = 2 × 7.93 A1(ft)

= 19.446 = 19.5 A0 = 15.86 A1(ft)
Total 2 marks Total 3 marks

Notes: Candidate D has given the answer to part (a) to the wrong level of accuracy, and therefore
loses 1 mark (AP). The answer to part (b) is wrong.
Candidate E has incorrectly rounded the answer to part (a), therefore loses 1 mark
(AP), is awarded follow through marks for part (b), and does not lose a mark for the
wrong level of accuracy.

6 Graphic Display Calculators

Many candidates will be obtaining solutions directly from their calculators, often without showing
any working. They have been advised that they must use mathematical notation, not calculator
commands when explaining what they are doing. Incorrect answers without working will receive no
marks. However, if there is written evidence of using a graphic display calculator correctly, method
marks may be awarded. Where possible, examples will be provided to guide examiners in awarding
these method marks.
 –7– M02/510/H(2)M+

→ →
1. (a) (i) AB = − j + 3k and AC = i + 5k (A1)(A1)
i j k
→ →
AB × AC = 0 −1 3 (M1)
1 0 5
= −5i + 3 j + k (A1)

1
(ii) Area = × − 5i + 3 j + k (M1)
2
35
= (accept 2.96) (A1)
2
[6 marks]

(b) (i) The equation of the plane Π is

( x , y , z ).( −5, 3,1) = c, that is, − 5 x + 3 y + z = c (M1)(A1)
where c = −5 + 9 + 1 = 5, that is, − 5 x + 3 y + z = 5 (A1)

Note: Award (M1)(A1)(A0) if answer not given in Cartesian form.

(ii) Equations of L are

x−5 y +2
= = z −1 (M1)(A1)
−5 3

Note: Award (M1)(A0) if answer not given in Cartesian form.

[5 marks]

(c) L meets Π where

−5(5 − 5λ ) + 3(3λ − 2) + λ + 1 = 5 (M1)
⇒ λ =1 (A1)
Point of intersection is (0, 1, 2). (Accept j + 2k .) (A1)
[3 marks]

(d) Perpendicular distance is 52 + 32 + 12 (M1)

= 35 (Accept ± 35 or ± 5.92) (A1)
[2 marks]
Total [16 marks]
 –8– M02/510/H(2)M+

 dv 
2. (a) (i) 2 x2  v + x  = x2 + v2 x2 (M1)
 dx 
dv 1 + v 2
v+x =
dx 2
dv
⇒ 2 x = (v − 1)2 (A1)(AG)
dx

dv dx
(ii) 2 ∫ (v − 1) = ∫
2
x
(M1)

−2
= ln x + c (A1)
v −1
−2
= ln x + c
y (A1)
−1
x
−2 y −2 x
= −1 ⇒ = y−x (A1)
ln x + c x ln x + c
2x
⇒ y=x− (AG)
ln x + c

Note: For other approaches award marks as follows

(M1) for separation of variables; (A1) for correct integration;
(A1) for substitution; (A1) for solving for y.

(iii) y = 2, x = 1 → c = −2 (A1)
[7 marks]

(b) (i) x = e 2 or x = 7.39

Note:
2
Award (A0) if answer is not given as an equation ( just e or 7.39) (A1)

2x
(ii) x= ⇒ ln x = 4 (M1)
ln x − 2
⇒ x = e 4 (must be exact) (A1)

Note: Award (M0)(G1) for x = 54.6.

(iii) Area = 46.7 (G2)

OR
5
Area = ∫ 1
ydx (M1)
= 46.7 (G1)
[5 marks]
Total [12 marks]
 –9– M02/510/H(2)M+

3. (i) (a) Determinant = 0 (A1)

[1 mark]

(b) Using row operations,

 1 1 2  x   3 
    
 0 1 −1 y  =  1  (M1)(M1)
 0 −1 1  z   λ − 6 
    
whence λ = 5 . (A1)

Note: There are other methods.

[3 marks]

(c) Put z = µ , so that y = 1 + µ and x = 2 − 3µ , (M1)(A1)(A1)

or y = µ so that z = µ − 1 and x = 5 − 3µ .

Note: Award (M1) for any correct method and (A1) for each correct equation
(ignore the equation that identifies the parameter).
Award no marks for particular solutions.

[3 marks]

1
 2 1  2 1  21 21 − 1
(ii) (a) Let n = 1,   = =  (A1)
 0 1  0 1  0 1 
Thus true for n = 1 .
Assume true for n = k , that is,
k
 2 1   2 k 2k − 1 
  =  (M1)
 0 1  0 1 
Consider
k +1
 2 1  2k 2k − 1  2 1  2k +1 2k +1 − 1 (M1)
  =   = 
 0 1 0 1   0 1  0 1  (A1)
True for k ⇒ true for k + 1 . (Or some correct concluding statement.) (A1)
[5 marks]

1 1
 2 1 − 
(b) A=  A−1 =  2 2 (A1)
 0 1  
0 1 

1 1
 2−1 2−1 − 1  −  −1
n = −1⇒   = 2 2 =Α (R1)
 0 1   
 0 1 

[2 marks]
Total [14 marks]
 – 10 – M02/510/H(2)M+

1
4. (a) (i) P(Alan scores 9) = (= 0.111) (A1)
9

2
1  1 
(ii) P(Alan scores 9 and Belle scores 9) =   =   (= 0.0123) (A1)
 9   81 
[2 marks]

2 2 2 2 2
 1   2   6   2   1 
(b) (i) P(Same score) =   +   + … +   + … +   +   (M1)
 36   36   36   36   36 
73
= (= 0.113) (A1)
648

1 73 
(ii) P( A > B ) = 1 −  (M1)
2  648 
575
= (= 0.444) (A1)
1296
[4 marks]

x
(c) (i) P(One number ≤ x) = (with some explanation) (R1)
6
4
x
P( X ≤ x) = P(All four numbers ≤ x) =   (M1)(AG)
6

4 4
 x   x −1 
(ii) P( X = x) = P( X ≤ x) − P(X ≤ x − 1) =   −  
6  6 

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 15 65 175 369 671
P ( X = x)
1296 1296 1296 1296 1296 1296 (A1)(A1)(A1)

Note: Award (A3) if table is not completed but calculation of E(X) in part (iii) is correct.

1 15 671
(iii) E ( X ) = 1× + 2× + … + 6× (M1)
1296 1296 1296
6797
= (= 5.24) (A1)
1296
[7 marks]
Total [13 marks]
 – 11 – M02/510/H(2)M+

(2 x − 1)( x 2 + x + 1) − (2 x + 1)( x 2 − x + 1)
5. (a) (i) f ′( x) = (M1)(A1)
( x 2 + x + 1)2
2( x 2 − 1)
= (A1)
( x 2 + x + 1)2

(ii) f ′( x) = 0 ⇒ x = ±1
 1   1 
A  1,  B(−1, 3)  or A (−1, 3) B  1,   (A1)(A1)
 3   3 
[5 marks]

(b) (i) y

–1 1 x

–2
(G2)

Note: Award (G1) for general shape and (G1) for indication of scale.

(ii) The points of inflexion can be found by locating the max/min on the graph of f ′ .
This gives x = −1.53, − 0.347,1.88 . (G3)
OR

−4( x 3 − 3 x − 1)
f ′′( x) = (M1)
( x 2 + x + 1)3
f ′′( x) = 0 ⇒ x3 − 3 x − 1 = 0 (A1)
⇒ x = 1.53, − 0.347, 1.88 (G1)
[5 marks]

continued…
 – 12 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 5 continued

(c) The graph of y = f(x) helps:

3

1/3
–1 +1

1 
(i) Range of f is  , 3 . (A1)(A1)
3 

1 
(ii) We require the image set of  , 3 .
3 
1 1
− +1
 
1 7 9 − 3 +1 7
f  = 9 3 = , f (3) = = (M1)
 3  1 + 1 + 1 13 9 + 3 + 1 13
9 3
1 7 
Range of g is  ,  . (A1)(A1)
 3 13 

Note: Since the question did not specify exact ranges accept open intervals
or numerical approximations (e.g. [0.333, 0.538]).

[5 marks]
Total [15 marks]
 – 13 – M02/510/H(2)M+

6. (i) (a) The given condition implies that

µ3
e− µ = e− µ + µe− µ (M1)
6
⇒ µ 3 − 6µ − 6 = 0 (A1)
⇒ µ " 2.8473 (G1)
[3 marks]

(b) P (2 ≤ X ≤ 4) = P( X = 2) + P( X = 3) + P( X = 4) (M1)
2 −µ 3 −µ 4 −µ
µ e µe µ e
P ( X = 2) = = 0.235, P ( X = 3) = = 0.223, P ( X = 4) = = 0.159 (G1)
2 6 24
Hence P (2 ≤ X ≤ 4) = 0.617 (A1)
OR
P (2 ≤ X ≤ 4) = P( X ≤ 4) − P ( X ≤ 1) (M1)
= 0.8402 − 0.2231 (G1)
= 0.617 (G1)
[3 marks]

(ii) Let W be the weight of a male nurse, W ~ N (72, 7.52 )

(7.5) 2
W is normally distributed with mean µ = 72 , and variance σ 2 = = 9.375 . (A1)(A1)
6
 450 
Hence p = P (6W > 450) = P  W ≥ . (M1)
 6 
 450 
 − 72 
6
p = 1 − Φ (t ) where t =   " 0.980 (A1)
9.375
so that p " 0.164 (A1)
OR
p = 0.164 (G2)
[5 marks]

continued…
 – 14 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 6 continued

(iii) H 0 both varieties have the same mean yield, H1 varieties have a different mean yield. (C1)
The mean of the yield of the first sample is 9.4. (A1)
2
The unbiased estimate for the variance of the yield of the first sample is (0.563) = 0.317 . (A1)
The mean of the yield of the second sample is 8.6. (A1)
2
The unbiased estimate for the variance of the yield of the second sample is (0.613) = 0.376 . (A1)
In this case the t-test (with 12 degrees of freedom) must be used. (C1)
9.4 − 8.6
Then t = = 2.534
7 × (0.563) 2 + 5 × (0.613)2 1 1 (M1)(A1)
+
12 8 6
t0.025, 12 = 2.179 (A1)
Since 2.534 > 2.179 there is ground to reject the hypothesis H 0 (R1)

OR

H 0 both varieties have the same mean yield, H1 varieties have a different mean yield. (C1)
For stating that a 2-sample t-test must be used (C1)
For correct value of p-number (0.0262) (G6)
Since 0.0262 < 0.5 there is ground to reject the hypothesis H 0 (R2)

Note: If p-number is incorrect but the work shows intermediate values for mean and
variance award marks according to the first method.

[10 marks]

(iv) Let H 0 be the hypothesis that all coins are fair, (C1)
and let H1 be the hypothesis that not all coins are fair. (C1)
Let T be the number of tails obtained, T is binomially distributed. (M1)

T 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
fo 5 40 86 89 67 29 4
fe 5 30 75 100 75 30 5 (A3)

Notes: Award (A2) if one entry on the third row is incorrect.

Award (A1) if two entries on the third row are incorrect.
Award (A0) if three or more entries on the third row are incorrect.

(5 − 5) 2 (40 − 30)2 (86 − 75) 2 (89 − 100)2 (67 − 75) 2 (29 − 30) 2 (4 − 5)2
χ calc
2
= + + + + + +
5 30 75 100 75 30 5
= 7.24 (A1)
Also χ 0.05,
2
6 = 12.592 (A1)
Since 7.24 < 12.592 , H 0 cannot be rejected. (R1)
[9 marks]
Total [30 marks]
 – 15 – M02/510/H(2)M+

7. (i) (a)
( A ∩ B) ∪ C A A∪C ( )
A ( )

A∩ B C
( ) C

B
B B∪C ( A ∪ C ) ∩ (B ∪ C )
( ) ( )
That is, ( A ∩ B ) ∪ C = ( A ∪ C ) ∩ ( B ∪ C ) (M1)(A1)
[2 marks]

(b) From part (a) ( A′ ∩ B) ∪ C ′ = ( A′ ∪ C ′) ∩ ( B ∪ C ′) . (A1)

From De Morgan’s laws ( A ∩ C )′ = A′ ∪ C ′ , and ( B′ ∩ C )′ = B ∪ C ′ (A1)(A1)
So ( A′ ∩ B) ∪ C ′ = ( A ∩ C )′ ∩ ( B′ ∩ C )′ (AG)
[3 marks]

(ii) (a) ∀a ∈ Z , a R a (A1)

∀a , b ∈ Z , a R b ⇒ m divides a − b ⇒ m divides b − a ⇒ b R a (A1)
∀a , b , c ∈ Z , a R b and b R c ⇒ m divides (a − b) and m divides (b − c)
⇒ m divides (a − b) + (b − c) ⇒ m divides (a − c) ⇒ a R c (A1)
Hence R is an equivalence relation. (C1)
[4 marks]

(b) For any reasonable attempt to explain that the equivalence relation partitions
the set. (C2)
For either the list of equivalence classes that partition Z or an attempt to
explain that there are m equivalence classes. (C2)
[4 marks]

continued...
 – 16 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 7 (ii) continued

(c) For an attempt to establish closure. (M1)

Associativity : comes from the associativity of + in Z. (A1)
Commutativity : comes from the commutativity of + in Z. (A1)
There is an identity element : [0]. (A1)
Every element has an inverse k = 1, … , m − 1 the inverse of [k], is [m – k] and
(A1)
[0] is its own inverse

Notes: If a reasonable attempt on the general case is made to prove any of the above,
award the corresponding mark.
Award a maximum of (A4) if the properties above are established for a specific
value of m.
Award (A1) if all five properties are listed without any further amplification.

[5 marks]

(d) For indicating knowledge of what a cyclic group is (C1)

For stating (Zm ; + m ) (A1)
For identifying [1] as the generator of (Zm ; + m ) (C1)
For stating that two cyclic groups of the same order are isomorphic or for
(C1)
attempting to identify an isomorphism.
[4 marks]

(iii) If one of the sets H and K is contained in the other then either H ∪ K = H or H ∪ K = K .
In either case it is a subgroup of (G , #) . (C2)
Only if:
Conversely, suppose that ( H ∪ K , #) is a subgroup of (G , #) and that H is not
contained in K. (M1)
Then there exists an element b of H which is not included in K. (C1)
Let a be any element of K.
Then ab ∈ H ∪ K (since ( H ∪ K , #) is a group). (C1)
−1
If ab ∈ K then b = a ab ∈ K which is a contradiction of our hypothesis. (C1)
−1
Hence ab ∉ K and therefore ab ∉ H so that abb ∈ H (C1)
which shows that K ⊆ H since a was any element of K. (C1)
Therefore H ⊆ K or K ⊆ H . (AG)

OR
Proof by contradiction: (M1)
K ⊄ H then there exists m ∈ K , m ∉ H (C1)
And
H ⊄ K then there exists n ∈ H , n ∉ K . (C1)
−1
Suppose m # n ∈ H then m # n # n ∈ H is a contradiction (C1)
Suppose m # n ∈ K then n = m −1 # m # n ∈ K is a contradiction (C1)
Hence m # n ∉ H ∪ K a contradiction (C1)
Therefore H ⊆ K or K ⊆ H (AG)
[8 marks]
Total [30 marks]
 – 17 – M02/510/H(2)M+

8. (i) (a) 568 = 2 × 208 + 152; 208 = 152 + 56;152 = 2 × 56 + 40; 56 = 40 + 16; (M1)
40 = 2 × 16 + 8;16 = 2 × 8 (M1)
Hence 8 is the greatest common divisor of 568 and 208. (A1)
[3 marks]

(b) 8 = 40 − 2 × 16 = −2 × 56 + 3 × 40 = 3 × 152 − 8 × 56
= −8 × 208 + 11× 152 = 11 × 568 − 30 × 208 (M1)(M1)
Hence m = 11 and n = 30 . (A1)(A1)
[4 marks]

(ii) Any vertex of K n has n − 1 adjacent vertices and therefore its colour must be
different from the colour of every other vertex. (M1)
Since there are n vertices, the colouring of K n requires n colours. (R2)
[3 marks]

(iii) Each directed edge leaves one vertex and goes into another so each edge contributes
one “ins “ and one “out”, (M1)
so the total number of “outs” = total number of “ins” = total number of edges (C1)
Hence S1 = S2 = S3 . (AG)
[2 marks]

(iv) (a) Two graphs G and H are isomorphic if :

(1) there exists a bijection Φ between the set of all vertices of H onto the set
of all vertices of G (C1)
(2) whenever there are k edges between two vertices, say a and b of G there are
k edges between Φ (a ) and Φ (b) . (C2)

OR

They have the same adjacency matrix. (C3)

[3 marks]

(b) When two graphs are isomorphic, the isomorphism preserves the degree of
each vertex. (C2)
In this case they cannot be isomorphic because G has a vertex,
{B}, of degree 3 while H has no vertex of degree 3. (A2)
[4 marks]

(c) B → A→ E → B →C → E → F →C → D → F (C3)

Note: There are alternative correct answers.

[3 marks]

(d) H has an Eulerian circuit because all the vertices of H have an even degree. (C2)
[2 marks]

continued…
 – 18 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 8 continued

(v) K L

5 4

M N 3
J
2 1

2
P 3 Q (C4)
L

OR

K L

5 4 3

M 2
J N
2
1
P Q (C4)

Total weight = 17 (A2)

Note: There are other possible spanning trees.

[6 marks]
Total [30 marks]
 – 19 – M02/510/H(2)M+

1
 1 1+ dt 1 1
9. (i) (a)
 n 1 t c ∫
n ln 1 +  = n n = n with 1<c<1 +
n
(M1)(A1)

1  1
hence < 1 so that n1n  1 +  < 1 (A1)(AG)
c  n
OR
1
 1 1+ dt 1 1
n1n  1 +  = n
 n ∫
1
n
t
= n with 1< c < 1 +
c n
(M1)(A1)
1
1+
≤n ∫1
n dt ≤1 (A1)(AG)
[3 marks]

(b) Since ∀s ∈]0, 4[, s 2 − 4 s + 4 = ( s − 2)2 ≥ 0 (A1)

1 1 4
+ = ≥1 (A1)
s 4 − s s (4 − s )

Note: Award (G1) if the inequality is shown by calculator.

[2 marks]
(c) From part (b)
2 ds 2 ds 2
∫
t s
+
t 4−s ∫
≥ ds
t ∫ (M1)(A1)
2 ds
∫
t s
= ln 2 − ln t (A1)
2 ds
∫
t 4−s
= ln (4 − t ) − ln 2 (A1)
2
∫t
ds = 2 − t (A1)
Hence ln 2 − ln t + ln (4 − t ) − ln 2 ≥ 2 − t
 4−t 
so that ln   ≥ 2−t (A1)
 t 
[6 marks]
2
(d) Let 2 − t = ⇒ 4n + 2 − 2tn − t = 2
2n + 1
⇒ 4n = t (2n + 1) , where n is a positive integer. (M1)
4n
⇒t = ∈ ]0, 2] . (R1)
2n + 1
Hence replacing this value of t in the inequality obtained in part (c) :
 1 2
ln  1 +  ≥ (A1)(A1)
 n  2n + 1
 1 2n
Multiplying both sides by n, ⇒ n ln 1 +  ≥ (AG)
 n  2n + 1
[4 marks]

continued...
 – 20 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 8 continued

2n  1
(e) From parts (a) and (d), ≤ n ln  1 +  ≤ 1 (C1)
2n + 1  n
2n
and ⇒ lim =1 (A1)
2n +1
n →∞

 1
Hence ⇒ nlim n 1n 1 +  = 1 . (M1)
→∞  n
n
 1
lim 1n  1 +  = 1
n →∞  n
n
 1
lim  1 +  = e (A1)(AG)
n →∞  n

[4 marks]

Note: Different calculators may give slightly different sequences in parts (ii) and (iii),
but the final answer should be the same.

f ( xn )
(ii) x1 = 2; xn +1 = xn −
f ′( xn )
x1 = 2; xn +1 = xn (2 −1n xn ) .
For all x > 0 we see that f ′( x) > 0 and f ′′( x) < 0 . Since f (2) < 0 , the method will
yield an increasing sequence which converges to the solution.
In this case we get : x1 = 2; xn +1 = xn (2 − log xn ) .

Hence : x1 = 2
x2 = 2.613705639 (G1)
x3 = 2.716243926 (G1)
x4 = 2.718281064 (G1)
x5 = 2.718281828
x6 = 2.718281828
In x −1 = 0 ⇒ x = e (A1)
Hence e ≈ 2.7182818 (A1)
[5 marks]

continued...
 – 21 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 9 continued

(iii) (a) g (e) = e + 2.7 − 2.7 = e (A1)

[1 mark]

(b) For all x > 1.35 we see that g ′( x) < 1 so that the method will yield a
convergent sequence. (M1)(R1)
x1 = 2
x2 = 2.828502612 (G1)
x3 = 2.721184472 (G1)
x4 = 2.718302888
x5 = 2.718281897
x6 = 2.718281829
x7 = 2.718281828
Hence e ≈ 2.7182818 (A1)
OR
x5 = 2.718281828 (G4)
⇒ e = 2.7182818 (A1)
[5 marks]
Total [30 marks]
 – 22 – M02/510/H(2)M+

( x − 3) 2 ( y + 2) 2
10. (i) (a) The given equation is equivalent to + =1
1 4
Hence : centre = (3, − 2) ; (A1)
3
eccentricity = ; (A1)
2
(
foci = 3, − 2 ± 3 ) (A1)
[3 marks]

dy 4(3 − x)
(b) Since m = =
dx y+2
⇒ y ( y + 2) = 12 x − 4 x 2 (1) (M1)(A1)
2 2
4 x + y − 24 x + 4 y + 36 = 0 (2) (A1)
⇒ 2 y − 12 x + 36 = 0 ⇒ y = 6( x − 3)
⇒ 40 x 2 − 216 x + 288 = 0 (A1)
12 18
Hence x = 3 and x = ; the corresponding values of y are 0 and − .
5 5
3
Therefore, the values of m are 0, − . (A2)
2

Note: Award (G1) for approximate values of m.

[6 marks]

continued…
 – 23 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 10 continued

(ii) (a)

F2

Draw through Y2 a line parallel to ( F1P ) that intersects ( PF2 ) at Q, (F1F2 ) at O

and ( F1Y1 ) at R.
(PY) 2 is the bisector of F1 PF2 (property of the tangent to a conic) (A1)
QYˆ P = Y PF
ˆ = Y PQˆ so that ∆QY P is isosceles (C1)
2 2 1 2 2
and hence Y2 Q = PQ
π
QFˆ2 Y2 = − QPYˆ = QY
2
ˆ F so that ∆QY2 F2 is isosceles
2 2 (C1)
2
and hence Y2Q = QF2 (A1)
Therefore PQ = QF2 so that Q is the midpoint of [ PF2 ]. (A1)
∆F1PF2 is similar to ∆OQF2 so that O is the midpoint of [ F1F2 ] and hence of
[ A1A 2 ]. (A1)
Consequently ∆F1RO is congruent to ∆F2 Y2O so that OR = OY2 . (A1)
Hence ∆OY1Y2 is isosceles so that OY1 = ΟY2 . (A1)
PF1 PF2 A1A 2
Finally OY2 = OQ − Y2Q = − = (A1)
2 2 2
so that OY1 = OY2 = OA1 = OA 2 . (A1)
Therefore Y1 and Y2 lie on the circle which has [ A1A 2 ] as diameter. (AG)
[10 marks]

continued…
 – 24 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 10 (ii) continued

(b) Draw the segments [ A1R ] and [ A 2 Y1 ] .

ˆ and δ = OA
Set γ = ROA ˆ R
1 1
(π − γ )
∆ROA1 is isosceles (since OR = OA1 ) so that δ = (C1)
2
Then F1A ˆ R = π − δ = π − (π − γ ) = (π + γ ) (C1)
1
2 2
ˆ F =A Y ˆ ˆ π γ ˆ R
and A 2 Y 1 1 2 1A1 + A1Y1F1 = + = F1A 1 (C1)
2 2
Hence ∆F1A1R is similar to ∆F1Y1A 2 (C1)
FR FA
and therefore 1 = 1 2 (C1)
F1A1 F1Y1
Since, as seen previously, ∆F1RO is congruent to ∆F2 Y2O it follows that
F2 Y2 = F1R (C1)
Hence F1Y1 × F2 Y2 = F1Y1 × F1R = F1A1 × F1A 2 , which is a constant, independent
of the position of P. (AG)

Note: There are other possible solutions, using analytic geometry.

[6 marks]

continued…
 – 25 – M02/510/H(2)M+

Question 10 continued

(iii) Draw [OC] and [OD].

Then DAB ˆ + ABD ˆ + BDA
ˆ = 5DAB ˆ =π
ˆ = π , so that DAB (A1)
5
Also, DOC ˆ = 2DAB ˆ = 2π
5
ˆ ˆ
And CDO = OCD and CDO ˆ + DOC ˆ + OCDˆ =π

Hence CDO ˆ = 3π (A1)

10
Therefore BDC ˆ = π − CDOˆ = π so that
2 5
ˆ = BDA
CDA ˆ − BDC ˆ = π = DABˆ
5
so that the triangle CDA is isosceles and consequently AC = DC . (A1)
Finally DCB ˆ = π − ΒDC
ˆ − ABD ˆ = 2π = CBD ˆ so that the triangle BDC is (A1)
5
isosceles and therefore DC = DB (A1)
i.e. AC = DC = DB (AG)
A

C O

B D
[5 marks]
Total [30 marks]