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Matrix Method - Beam

The document discusses the matrix method for analyzing beams. It derives the slope-deflection equations that relate moments, shears, and displacements at joints of a beam element. These equations are assembled into a stiffness matrix relating displacements and rotations at the joints to applied loads. An example problem is presented to demonstrate solving for unknown displacements and rotations given member loads by inverting the stiffness matrix.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
673 views5 pages

Matrix Method - Beam

The document discusses the matrix method for analyzing beams. It derives the slope-deflection equations that relate moments, shears, and displacements at joints of a beam element. These equations are assembled into a stiffness matrix relating displacements and rotations at the joints to applied loads. An example problem is presented to demonstrate solving for unknown displacements and rotations given member loads by inverting the stiffness matrix.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Stiffness Method (Matrix Method)- Beams

Matrix Method-Beam
Beam Matrix derivation:
The slope- deflection equations are the basis for the displacement matrix method. Consider
typical beam segment subjected to uniformly distributed load.

Slope-Deflection Equations

2EI 3 wl 2
M ij = (2i +  j − ) + (1)
l l 12
2EI 3 wl 2
M ji = (i + 2 j − ) − ( 2)
l l 12

Shear Equations

 Fy = 0 Vij + V ji − wl = 0
wl 2
M j = 0 M ij + M ji + − lVij = 0
2
M ij + M ji + wl 2 2
Vij = ( 3)
l
wl 2 − M ij − M ji
2

V ji = ( 4)
l
Using equation (1) and (2), the equations (3) and (4) can be written in terms of rotations and
displacement. Thus, the four equations are as follows.

2EI 3 wl 2
M ij = (2i +  j − ) + (1)
l l 12
2EI 3 wl 2
M ji = (i + 2 j − ) − ( 2)
l l 12
2EI 6 wl
Vij = 2 (3i + 3 j − ) + ( 3)
l l 2
2EI 6 wl
V ji = − 2 (3i + 3 j − ) + ( 4)
l l 2

If the beam segment has a vertical


displacement at i equals to  i and at

j equals to  j .Thus, the difference between

them can be written as  =  j −  i .

Substitute  =  j −  i in all the above four equations,

Prepared by Maged Mohammed([email protected])


Structural Analysis III Page 1
Stiffness Method (Matrix Method)- Beams

2EI  3 ( j −  i )  wl 2
M ij =  2i +  j − +
l  l  12

4EI 2EI 6EI 6EI wl 2
M ij = i +  j − 2  j + 2 i + (1)
l l l l 12
2EI  3 ( j −  i )  wl 2
M ji = i + 2 j − −
l  l  12

2EI 4EI 6EI 6EI wl 2
M ji = i +  j − 2  j + 2 i − ( 2)
l l l l 12
2EI  6 ( j −  i )  wl
Vij = 2 3i + 3 j − +
l  l  2

6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl
Vij = 2 i + 2  j − 3  j + 3  i + ( 3)
l l l l 2
2EI  6 ( j −  i )  wl
V ji = − 3i + 3 j − −
l  l  2

6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl
V ji = − 2 i − 2  j + 3  j − 3  i + ( 4)
l l l l 2

Now, get the shear and moment equations at joint i together and do the same for shear and moment
equations at joint j.

6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl


Vij = 2
i + 2  j + 3  i − 3  j + ( 3)
l l l l 2
4EI 2EI 6EI 6EI wl 2
M ij = i +  j + 2 i − 2  j + (1)
l l l l 12
6EI 6EI 12EI 12EI wl
V ji = − 2 i − 2  j − 3  i + 3  j + ( 4)
l l l l 2
2
2EI 4EI 6EI 6EI wl
M ji = i +  j + 2 i − 2  j − ( 2)
l l l l 12

Theses equations can be written in matrix notation as follows.

 Vij   12EI 6EI 12EI 6EI    i   wl 


   3 −
   l l2 l3 l 2     2 
 
 M ij   6EI 4EI 6EI 2EI      wl 2 
   l 2 − 2
l     12 
i
l l
 =  + 
 V   − 12EI 6EI
− 2
12EI 6EI     wl 
− 2 j
 ji   l 3 l l3 l    2 
   6EI 2EI 6EI 4EI     wl 2 
   − 2    − 
 M ji   l 2 l l l   j   12 

Prepared by Maged Mohammed([email protected])


Structural Analysis III Page 2
Stiffness Method (Matrix Method)- Beams

Example 1:
Analyse the following beam using stiffness matrix method and find the moment developed at A.
given that, E = 200GPa and I = 216  106 mm 4 .

Solution:
Step 1: beam notation
The beam here has two unconstrained degrees of freedom which are rotation at C and B and they
are coded with number 1 and 2 respectively as shown below.

The rotation at 3 and the displacement at 4,5 and 6 unknown and they are equal to zero.
 3  0 
 D  0 
 
Dk =  4  =   , Du =  1 
 D5  0   2 
   
 D6  0 
The beam with member load will be converted into equivalent joint load applied at joint. Figure
below shows the load on each joint of the beam

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Structural Analysis III Page 3
Stiffness Method (Matrix Method)- Beams

Step 2: Member Stiffness


D4 θ3 D5 θ2 D5 θ2 D6 θ1
 2400 7200 −2400 7200  D 4  8100 16200 −8100 16200  D5
7200 28800 −7200 14400  θ  16200 43200 −16200 21600  θ
k1 =   3 k2 =   2
 −2400 −7200 2400 −7200  D5  −8100 −16200 8100 −16200 D6
   
7200 14400 −7200 28800  θ 2  16200 21600 −16200 43200  θ1

Global Stiffness
θ1 θ2 θ3 D4 D5 D6
 43200 21600 0 0 16200 −16200 θ1
 21600 72000 14400 7200 9000 −16200 θ 2

 0 14400 28800 7200 −7200 0  θ3
K global = 
 0 7200 7200 2400 −2400 0  D4
 16200 9000 −7200 −2400 10500 −8100  D5
 
 −16200 −16200 0 0 −8100 8100  D6

Step 3: Displacement and Load


θ1 θ2 θ3 D4 D5 D6
 30   43200 21600 0 0 16200 −16200   θ1 
 75   21600 72000 14400 7200 9000 −16200   θ 2 
  
M 3   0 14400 28800 7200 −7200 0  0 
 =  
 F4   0 7200 7200 2400 −2400 0  0 
 F5   16200 9000 −7200 −2400 10500 −8100   0 
    
 F6   −16200 −16200 0 0 −8100 8100   0 

 1 
m
30   43200 21600   θ1   θ1   4896 
75 =  21600 72000   θ    θ  =  1 
     2  2  m 
 1020 

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Structural Analysis III Page 4
Stiffness Method (Matrix Method)- Beams

Qk   k11 k12   D u  Qk = k11D u + k12 D k


Q  =  k    
Qu = k 21D u + k 22 D k
 u   21 k 22   D k 

Qu = k 21D u
 M 3   -105   0 14400   1   M 3   -105   14.118  M 3 = 119.12 kNm
 F   −105  0  
7200  4896
m  F4    
−105  7.056   F = 112.056 kN
 4 + =     +  =  4
 F5   −135  16200 9000   1  F5   −135  12.132  F5 = 147.132 kN
      m      

 F6   −30   −16200 −16200   1020   F6   −30   −19.191 F6 = 10.809 kN

Step 4: Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram.

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Structural Analysis III Page 5

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