19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

Task 1:
Topic:

Advance control of microgrids for frequency and voltage stability.

Search queries:
1. Advance control of microgrids.
2. Control strategies of MC.
3. Voltage control of microgrids.
4. Sliding mode control micogrids.
5. Frequency control of MCs.

Task 2 and 3:

Date Database Search No of results Reflection

query

1-10-19 IEEE Advance 1. Zhang, R., Hredzak, B., & interesting

EXPLORE control Konstantinou, G. (2019, May). document.
AND Distributed Control for Microgrid
microgrids Batteries Communicating over
Network with Aperiodically Sampled
Data with Time Delays. In 2019 10th
International Conference on Power
Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE
2019-ECCE Asia) (pp. 2629-2634).
IEEE.

2. Barreiro-Gomez, J., Duncan, T. E., &

Tembine, H. (2019, July). Linear-
quadratic mean-field-type games- Try
based stochastic model predictive another
control: A microgrid energy storage database.
application. In 2019 American Control
Conference (ACC) (pp. 3224-3229).
IEEE.

3. Liu, K., He, J., Luo, Z., Shen, X., Liu,

X., & Lu, T. (2019). Secondary
Frequency Control of Isolated Related to
Microgrid Based on LADRC. IEEE my topic.
Access, 7, 53454-53462.

4. Nisar, A., & Thomas, M. S. (2016).

Comprehensive control for microgrid
autonomous operation with demand Interesting
response. IEEE Transactions on
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

Smart Grid, 8(5), 2081-2089). topic.

5. Chen, X., Hou, Y., & Hui, S. R. (2016).

Distributed control of multiple electric
springs for voltage control in
microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Interesting
Smart Grid, 8(3), 1350-1359. topic save
for future

1-10-19 IEEE Control 6. Llanos, J., Olivares, D. E., Simpson- Interesting

EXPLORE strategies Porco, J. W., Kazerani, M., & Sáez, D.
AND MC (2019). A novel distributed control Topic.
strategy for optimal dispatch of
isolated microgrids considering
congestion. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid.

7. Yahoui, H., Vu, H. G., & Tran, T. K.

Save for
(2019, January). A control strategy for
future.
DC Smart Grids operation. In 2019
First International Symposium on
Instrumentation, Control, Artificial
Intelligence, and Robotics (ICA-
SYMP) (pp. 230-233). IEEE.

8. Gupta, A., Doolla, S., & Chatterjee, K.

Relevant to
(2018). Hybrid AC–DC microgrid:
my topic.
systematic evaluation of control
strategies. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, 9(4), 3830-3843.

9. Morstyn, T., Hredzak, B., & Agelidis,

V. G. (2016). Control strategies for Intersting
microgrids with distributed energy one.
storage systems: An overview. IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(4),
3652-3666.

10. Han, H., Hou, X., Yang, J., Wu, J., Su,
M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2015). Review
of power sharing control strategies for Least
islanding operation of AC relevant.
microgrids. IEEE Transactions on
Smart Grid, 7(1), 200-215.

1-10-19 SPRINGER Control 11. Kabalci, E. (2020). Hierarchical Not

LINK And Control in Microgrid. In Microgrid interesting
microgrids Architectures, Control and Protection
Methods (pp. 381-401). Springer,
Cham.

12. Xing, P., Ma, F., Tian, C., Xu, C., & Future
Wang, L. (2019). Control Method of work.
Self-Frequency Recovery and Active
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

Power Sharing for an Isolated

Microgrid Based on VSGs. Journal of
Electrical Engineering &
Technology, 14(1), 157-167.

13. Habibi, F., Shafiee, Q., & Bevrani, H. Not related.

(2019). Online generalized droop-
based demand response for
frequency control in islanded
microgrids. Electrical Engineering, 1-
12. Depth case
study
14. Salama, H.S., Aly, M.M., Abdel-
Akher, M. et al. Electr Eng (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-019-
00821-w.

15. Zhong J., Song Y. (2014) Microgrids Intersting

and Distributed Energy Future. In: article.
Mah D., Hills P., Li V., Balme R.
(eds) Smart Grid Applications and
Developments. Green Energy and
Technology. Springer, London.

1-10-19 SPRINGER Control 16. Zhang B., Ma L., Gong C., Jiao R., Eyecatch
LINK Strategies Shi R., Chi Z. (2016) A Novel PQ issue.
of Control Strategy of Microgrid with
microgrids Single-Phase Connected to Grid. In:
Huang B., Yao Y. (eds) Proceedings
of the 5th International Conference
on Electrical Engineering and
Automatic Control. Lecture Notes in
Electrical Engineering, vol 367.
Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.

17. Zafari P., Zangeneh A., Moradzadeh

M., Ghafouri A., Parazdeh M.A.
(2020) Various Droop Control Intersting
Strategies in Microgrids. In: Mahdavi topic.
Tabatabaei N., Kabalci E., Bizon N.
(eds) Microgrid Architectures,
Control and Protection Methods.
Power Systems. Springer, Cham.

18. Maknouninejad, A., Lin, W., Harno,

H.G. et al. Energy Syst (2012) 3: 23.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-011-
0048-3.
Try another
19. Sun Q. (2019) Coordinated Power
database
Management Control Strategy for
Interconnected AC and DC Strategies
Microgrids. In: Energy Internet and similar to
We-Energy. Renewable Energy my topic.
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

Sources & Energy Storage.

Springer, Singapore.

20. Deng W., Chen P., Li K., Li C.

(2017) Control Strategies for the
Microgrid Control System with Similar
Communication Delays. In: Li K., problem.
Xue Y., Cui S., Niu Q., Yang Z., Luk
P. (eds) Advanced Computational
Methods in Energy, Power, Electric
Vehicles, and Their Integration.
ICSEE 2017, LSMS 2017.
Communications in Computer and
Information Science, vol 763.
Springer, Singapore.

2-10-19 WILEY- Advaned 21. Zeng, J., Huang, Z., Huang, Y., Qiu, Advance
BLACKWEL control of G., Li, Z., Yang, L., ... & Yang, B. research
L microgrids (2019). Modified linear active problem.
JOURNALS disturbance rejection control for
microgrid inverters: Design, analysis,
and hardware
implementation. International
Transactions on Electrical Energy
Systems, e12060.

22. Madureira, A. G., Pereira, J. C., Gil,

Irrelevant.
N. J., Lopes, J. P., Korres, G. N., &
Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2011). Advanced
control and management
functionalities for multi‐
microgrids. European Transactions on
Electrical Power, 21(2), 1159-1177.

23. Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2011). Special

issue on microgrids and energy Immaterial
management. European Transactions
on Electrical Power, 21(2), 1139-
1141.

24. Shi, J., Yue, D., Huang, C., & Dou, C.

Application
(2018). Adaptive distributed
linked with
secondary control of microgrids via
issue.
single‐network adaptive dynamic
programming method. International
Transactions on Electrical Energy
Systems, 28(6), e2549.

25. Razzanelli, M., Crisostomi, E.,

Pallottino, L., & Pannocchia, G. Stimulating
(2019). Distributed model predictive for later
control for energy management in a
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

network of microgrids using the dual work

decomposition method. Optimal
Control Applications and Methods.

2-10-19 WILEY- Voltage 26. Sabzevari, K., Karimi, S., Khosravi, F., Interesting
BLACKWEL and & Abdi, H. (2019). Modified droop article.
L frequency control for improving adaptive virtual
JOURNALS control of impedance strategy for parallel
microgrids distributed generation units in
islanded microgrids. International
Transactions on Electrical Energy
Systems, 29(1), e2689.

27. Armin, M., Roy, P. N., Sarkar, S. K., &

Most
Das, S. K. (2018). LMI‐based robust
irrelevant.
PID controller design for voltage
control of islanded microgrid. Asian
Journal of Control, 20(5), 2014-2025.
For Future.
28. Shi, J., Yue, D., Huang, C., & Dou, C.
(2018). Adaptive distributed
secondary control of microgrids via
single‐network adaptive dynamic
programming method. International
Transactions on Electrical Energy
Systems, 28(6), e2549. Related to
my
29. Asghar, F., Talha, M., & Kim, S. H. problem.
(2018). Fuzzy logic‐based intelligent
frequency and voltage stability control
system for standalone
microgrid. International Transactions
on Electrical Energy Systems, 28(4),
e2510.
Relevant.
30. Armin, M., Roy, P. N., Sarkar, S. K., &
Das, S. K. (2018). LMI‐based robust
PID controller design for voltage
control of islanded microgrid. Asian
Journal of Control, 20(5), 2014-2025.

02-10-19 TAYLOR & Voltage 31. Marei, Mostafa I., and Mohamed H. Not
FRANCIS Control of Soliman. "A coordinated voltage and interesting.
Journals microgrid frequency control of inverter based
distributed generation and distributed
energy storage system for
autonomous microgrids." Electric
Power Components and
Systems 41.4 (2013): 383-400.

32. Khederzadeh, M., & Maleki, H.

Later work.
(2013). Frequency control of
microgrids in autonomous mode by a
novel control scheme based on droop
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

characteristics. Electric Power

Components and Systems, 41(1), 16-
30.

33. Sanjari, M. J., & Gharehpetian, G. B. Not

(2013). Small signal stability based interesting.
fuzzy potential function proposal for
secondary frequency and voltage
control of islanded microgrid. Electric
Power Components and
Irrelevant.
Systems, 41(5), 485-499.

34. Fan, L. (2017). Control and dynamics

in power systems and microgrids. Irrelevant
CRC Press.

35. Jha, S. K., & Kumar, D. (2019).

Demand Side Management for Stand-
Alone Microgrid Using Coordinated
Control of Battery Energy Storage
System and Hybrid Renewable
Energy Sources. Electric Power
Components and Systems, 1-13.

03-10-19 TAYLOR & Sliding 36. Dev, A., Léchappé, V., & Sarkar, M. K. Relevant
FRANCIS mode (2019). Prediction-Based Super topic.
Journals control of Twisting Sliding Mode Load
microgrids Frequency Control for Multi Area
Interconnected Power Systems with
State and Input Time Delays using
Disturbance Observer. International
Journal of Control, (just-accepted), 1-
27.

37. Li, Y., Lei, Y., Lin, X., & Zhu, Y. (2019).
Research on the Application of an Interesting
SMES Based on Sliding Mode Control article.
to Enhance the LVRT Capability of a
Grid-Connected PV System. Electric
Power Components and Systems, 1.

38. Incremona, G. P., Cucuzzella, M., &

Future
Ferrara, A. (2016). Adaptive
Directions.
suboptimal second-order sliding mode
control for microgrids. International
Journal of Control, 89(9), 1849-1867.

39. Shtessel, Y., Fridman, L., & Plestan,

F. (2016). Adaptive sliding mode Future
control and observation. International Directions.
Journal of Control, 89(9), 1743-1746.
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

40. Bartolini, G., Levant, A., Pisano, A., & Most

Usai, E. (2016). Adaptive second- relevant.
order sliding mode control with
uncertainty
compensation. International Journal
of Control, 89(9), 1747-1758.

04-10-19 Elsevier Control of 41. Li, Y., Xu, Z., Xiong, L., Song, G., Interesting.
microgrids Zhang, J., Qi, D., & Yang, H. (2019). A
cascading power sharing control for
microgrid embedded with wind and
solar generation. Renewable
energy, 132, 846-860.

42. Ma, W., & Ouyang, S. (2019). Control Interesting

strategy for inverters in microgrid one.
based on repetitive and state
feedback control. International
Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 111, 447-458.
Out of
43. Abadi, M., & Sadeghzadeh, S. M. order.
(2019). A control approach with
seamless transition capability for a
single-phase inverter operating in a
microgrid. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 111, 475-485.
Might be
44. Rajesh, K. S., Dash, S. S., Rajagopal, possible in
R., & Sridhar, R. (2017). A review on future.
control of ac microgrid. Renewable
and sustainable energy reviews, 71,
814-819.
Just for
45. Minchala-Avila, L. I., Garza-Castañón, reading
L. E., Vargas-Martínez, A., & Zhang, purpose.
Y. (2015). A review of optimal control
techniques applied to the energy
management and control of Exact
microgrids. Procedia Computer related to
Science, 52, 780-787. my topic.
46. Esmaeli, A. (2016). RETRACTED: For critical
Stability analysis and control of reading.
microgrids by sliding mode control.

47. Kantamneni, A., Brown, L. E., Parker,

G., & Weaver, W. W. (2015). Survey
of multi-agent systems for microgrid
control. Engineering applications of
artificial intelligence, 45, 192-203.

05-10-19 Elsevier Voltage 48. Pournazarian, B., Karimyan, P., Future

and Gharehpetian, G. B., Abedi, M., &
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

frequency Pouresmaeil, E. (2019). Smart work.

control for participation of PHEVs in controlling
MC voltage and frequency of island
microgrids. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 110, 510-522.

49. Ahmadi, S., Shokoohi, S., & Bevrani,

H. (2015). A fuzzy logic-based droop
Later on
control for simultaneous voltage and
study.
frequency regulation in an AC
microgrid. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 64, 148-155.

50. Rokrok, E., Shafie-Khah, M., & Study when

Catalão, J. P. (2018). Review of time
primary voltage and frequency control comes.
methods for inverter-based islanded
microgrids with distributed
generation. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82,
3225-3235.

51. Al-Saedi, W., Lachowicz, S. W., Future

Habibi, D., & Bass, O. (2013). Voltage purpose.
and frequency regulation based DG
unit in an autonomous microgrid
operation using Particle Swarm
Optimization. International Journal of
Electrical Power & Energy
Systems, 53, 742-751.
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

Task 4 – Literature Review

1. Analyze the search results related to your topic (Task 1) .
2. Write a literature review using at least 10 journal papers.

MID 1 (TASK 4)

Modern Society depends critically on an Uninterrupted and reliable supply of electricity.

Security, reliability, and quality of supply are increasingly being threatened due to the mature
infrastructure of current electricity transmission and distribution networks. Hence, it become
necessary to re-built electricity grids taking into account the new roles and challenges. The most
efficient way to develop and renew these foundations is by incorporating innovative solutions,
technologies, and grid architectures [1]. The evolution of electricity grids can be referred to
through concept of smart grids that can intelligently integrate the actions of all users connected
to them (generators and consumers) in order to efficiently deliver sustainable, economic, and
secure electricity supplies.
At the transmission level, it is worth nothing that power systems have always been “smart”. The
biggest changes are happening at the distribution level that’s needs to become “smarter” in
order to facilitate access to distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy resources
(RESs) [159] , improve flexibility of suppliers and consumers [128], enable local energy demand
management and smart metering [49], and adopt technologies already develop in transmission
grids [108]. To sum up, distribution grids are being transformed from passive to active
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

networks,which eases the integration of distributed generators, demand side integration, and
energy storage technologies.
The microgrid can be categorized into grid- connected, islanded, and transition from islanded to
grid-connected and vice versa. In the grid-connected mode, ancillary services can be provided
by trading activity between the MG and the main grid. In the islanded mode of operation
instead, the active and reactive power generated within the microgrid should be in balance with
the local load demand. Islanding, i.e., disconnection of the microgrid from the main grid, can
either be intentional or unintentional. Microgrids can operate permanently in stand-alone
mode, namely isolated microgrids. This is the case of remote sites where an interconnection
with the main grid in not possible due to either technical and/or economic constraints. In order
to ensure reliable operation of microgrids and fully exploit the potential benefits of distributed
generations, a number of operational challenges need to be solved in the design of protection
schemes and control systems. The most relevant challenges are stability issues and problems
related to low inertia and uncertainties [151].
When operating in grid-connected mode, the microgrid voltage and frequency are set by the
host grid. In this case, distributed generation units usually operate in current-controlled mode
to extract as much power as possible from distributed energy resources, e.g., maximum power
point tracking for wind for wind or solar generation, diesel/biomass generation at rated power,
etc. [190]. This kind of control can act at a non-optimal point outside the maximum power range
– when the references of active and reactive power are established by upper control levels with
the aim of optimizing the power sharing strategy of the network [166]. These strategies can be
applied to both AC- and DC- based units; the key difference is the synchronization process of the
AC-based ones the AC side of microgrid [189].
A variety of conventional techniques have been employed in the applications of microgrids such
as PI/PID, sliding mode, linear quadratic with fixed parameters for a given operating point. In
this case, a proper performance in steady state can be obtained with the prescribed values of
the control system parameters. Nevertheless, these methods have limited possibility to ensure
satisfactory trade-off among dynamic performances when the operating conditions vary
significantly. As a result, the control parameters need to be returned for the current case. And
also there are some heuristic algorithms applied to improve the control and optimization for
microgrids and distributed generation units, it includes particle swarm optimization, fuzzy logic,
neural networks, and genetic algorithm. These techniques are effectively applied in both the
grid-connected and islanded modes of microgrid operations [125].
An intelligent approach is by combining the fuzzy logic and the particle swarm optimization
techniques to optimally tune the PI-based frequency controllers in AC microgrids. Compared to
the pure fuzzy PI and the Ziegler-Nichols PI control design methods, the proposed intelligent
control synthesis achieves stability & better performance, and is robust against enviourmental
and dynamical changes, e.g., damping coefficient, inertia constant, droop constant, turbine time
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

constant, generator time constant, flywheel-based energy storage system, and battery- based
energy storage system time constant [17].
Robust control theory applied to frequency and voltage regulation in microgrids has attracted
the attention of many researchers for several reasons. First, many control objectives such as
disturbance attenuation, robust stabilization of uncertain systems, or shaping of the open-loop
response can be handled by robust and µ-synthesis techniques. Then, the solution found is
optimal with respect to a defined criterion, which means that if no solution to the control
objectives is found, then no solution exists. Next, there is a link between the imposed dynamic
performance and the control design, which means that the control objectives can be fulfilled if
the design of the control system is properly implemented. Finally, sensitivity and robustness
analysis to model uncertainties can possibly be associated with robust and µ-synthesis controls.
Generally speaking, the robust control problem has widely been used to synthesize the robust
controller so as to ensure system stability and performance in the presence of model
uncertainties and external disturbances using LMI methods. LMI is a powerful tool that is used
to directly search for a feasible and optimal solution. More particularly, the vital goal of robust
control is to reduce the impact of uncertainties [32].
A robust control scheme for an islanded multi-bus microgrid comprising multiple inverter-based
distributed generation units has been introduced. A master/slave control structure is adopted,
where an adaptive-sliding-mode-based voltage controller is computed to robustly force the
voltage magnitude and frequency of the master unit to track the predefined trajectories, while
the output active and reactive power of the slave units are regulated by a direct power
controller based on the adaptive input{output feedback linearization control method. In
addition, the computational burden is also taken into account in the control design. Here the
authors state that the proposed control method is well robust and stable against various
disturbances, e.g., MG black-start, harmonic and unbalanced load energization, and sudden
accidental outage of slave units, as well as MG parameters uncertainties [164].

Fuzzy logic control is exhaustively used in various challenge fields. Fuzzy logic control is regarded
as one of the leading intelligent tools for addressing distributed power optimization problems.
Critical developments of fuzzy logic control functions have mainly been carried out
so as to provide more capability to deal with issues of expert systems. In order to propose a
model-free based generalized droop control, a strategy based on adaptive neurofuzzy inference
system is then developed. Here the authors state that the proposed intelligent control structure
successfully tracks the generalized droop control dynamic behavior and displays desired
performance and response in the presence of various load change scenarios [16].

The idea of neural network is essentially coming from human brain. Neural networks have been
applied in a wide range of research fields. A neural network may be effectively employed to
identify, control, and optimize the system parameters in offline/online or real-time applications.
An adaptive discrete-time grid-voltage sensor less interfacing scheme for distributed generation
inverters operating in the grid-connected mode has been proposed. First, the interfacing
parameters and the grid voltage vector are simultaneously estimated online by a neural-
network-based estimation unit of low computational demand. Second, use of a delay
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

compensation method yields a deadbeat current controller of high bandwidth attribute. Third, a
grid-voltage sensor less average-power control loop is implemented via the use of the estimated
grid voltage, which ensures high power quality injection. Here the authors state that the
proposed grid-voltage sensor less interfacing scheme is intrinsically self-tuning and ensures
optimum performance with no constraint condition and a priori knowledge of the system [139].

References:
[1]. N. Hatziargyriou et al. Microgrids architectures and control.IEEE press, Jhon Wiley &
Sons, 2014.
[2]. G. Pepermans et al. ”Distributed generation: definition, benefits and issues.” In:
Energy Policy 33.6 (2005).
[3]. A. Majzoobi and A. Khodaei. ”Application of microgrids in supporting distribution grid
flexibility.” In: IEEE transactions on Power Systems 32.5 (2017).
[4]. X. Fang et al. ”Smart grid – The new and improved power grid.” In: IEEE
Communations Surveys Tutorials 14.4 (2012).
[5]. F. Li aet al. ”Smart transmission grid: Vision and framework.” In: IEEE transactions on
Smart Grid 1.2 (2010).
[6]. D. E. Olivares et al. ”Trends in microgrid control.” In: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 5.4
(2014).
[7]. E. Unamuno and J. A Barrena. ”Hybrid AC/DC microgrides – Part II: Review and
classification of control strategies.” In: Renewable and Suntainable Energy Review 52 (2015)
[8]. T. L. Vandoorn et al. ”Microgrids: Hierachial control and an overview of the control and
reserve management strategies.” In: IEEE Industrial Electronics Magzine 7.4 (2013).
[9]. M. S. Mahmoud, N. M. Alyazidi and M. I. Abouheaf. ”Adaptive intelligent techniques for
microgrid control systems: A survey.” In: international Journal of Electrical Power & Energy
Systems 90 (2017).
[10]. H. Bevrani et al. ”Intelligent frequency control in an AC microgrid: Online PSO based
fuzzy tunning approach.” In: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 3.4 (2012).
[11]. M. Chiali and P. Gahinet. ”Robust design with pole placement constraints: An LMI
approach.” In: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 41.3 (1996).
[12]. M. M. Rezaei and J. Soltani. ” Robust control of an islanded multi-bus microgrid based
input-output feedback linearisation and sliding mode control.” In: IET Generation,
Transmission Distribution 9.15 (2015).
19F-0854 Muhammad Hamza Shahbaz

[13]. H. Bevrani and S. Shokoohi. ”An intelligent droop control for simultaneous voltage and
frequency regulation in islanded microgrids.” In: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 4.3 (2013).
[14]. Y. A. R. I. Mohamed and E> F> El-Saadvany. ” Adaptive Discrete-time-grid-voltage
sensorless Interfacing scheme with grid connected DG-inverters based on nueral networks
indentification and deadbeat regulation.” In: IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 23.1
(2008).