印尼棉兰 2×200MW 燃煤电厂项目

PLTU 2 SUMATERA UTARA 2×200MW MEDAN

汽机运行手册
Turbine Operation Manual

第一版
Edition No. 1

2014 年 07 月
July, 2014
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 前言
Preface
本手册是根据典型手册、依据设备制造厂技术协议、设备说明书、设计图纸资料，结合设

备实 际安装情况统一汇编而成。This manual is complied by referring to typical manual,

equipment manufacturer technology agreement, equipment specification, design

drawings, and integrating equipment actual installation.

本手册自颁布之日起，在执行中若与上级有关手册的规定有出入时，在不危急人
身、设备安全的前提下，可向厂部提出申请，然后进行相应的修订，以正式的书面通知
后进行修改，经总工程师、生产副总经理批准后生效，否则仍应本手册执行。From the
date of this Manual is issued, if there is any disagreement with the higher relevant
manual(s) in the process of practice, please inform the Power Plant and apply for
corresponding revision. This manual is still expected to be followed until receiving the
formal written notice for revising and is approved by the Chief Engineer and
Production Vice General Manager.

本手册下列人员应熟悉：汽机运行值班人员、值长、汽机专工、厂总工程师。This
manual is expected to be familiarized by following personnel: turbine shift operators,
shit leaders, turbine engineers and power plant chief engineer.

由于现场设备处在变更完善阶段，资料不全，加之编者水平有限，时间仓促，错漏
之处难免。因此在发现与生产现场不符时，请予以及时反映，并提出宝贵建议，使本手
册 不 断 完 善 。 Since the site equipment is still in the process of completion, together
with incomplete materials, limited editors’ competence and time, it is evitable that there
may be certain mistakes and omissions. Therefore, if there is any inconsistent with
production site, please inform to relevant personnel timely. It is also warmly welcomed
that valuable suggestions are proposed for the continuous completion of this manual.

本手册仅适用于棉兰电厂运行人员的运行操作、事故处理及日常维护的使用。This
manual can be used for Medan Power Plant operation, trouble shooting and routine
maintenance only.

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 目 录
Contents
1 范围.................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1 SCOPE.............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 范围........................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 SCOPE........................................................................................................................................................3
2 汽轮机运行........................................................................................................................................................ 3
2 TURBINE OPERATION..................................................................................................................................3
2.1 汽轮机概述............................................................................................................................................... 3
2.1 TURBINE OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................3
2.2 技术规范................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION.......................................................................................................................4
2.3 汽轮机组启动......................................................................................................................................... 19
2.3 TURBINE STARTUP.................................................................................................................................. 19
2.4 汽轮机运行维护..................................................................................................................................... 57
2.4 TURBINE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE..............................................................................................57
2.5 汽轮机停止............................................................................................................................................. 65
2.5 TURBINE SHUTDOWN...............................................................................................................................65
2.6 汽轮机试验............................................................................................................................................. 74
2.6 STEAM TURBINE TEST.............................................................................................................................74
2.7 事故处理................................................................................................................................................. 80
2.7 TROUBLESHOOTING ................................................................................................................................ 80
3 辅机系统运行................................................................................................................................................ 105
3 AUXILIARY SYSTEM OPERATION........................................................................................................ 105
3.1 范围、规范性引用文件....................................................................................................................... 106
3.1 SCOPE、NORMATIVE REFERENCE DOCUMENT.................................................................................. 106
3.2 循环冷却水系统的运行....................................................................................................................... 106
3.2 CIRCULATION COOLING WATER SYSTEM OPERATION.......................................................................106
3.3 凝汽器运行........................................................................................................................................... 118
3.3 OPERATION OF CONDENSER................................................................................................................ 118
3.4 凝汽器胶球清洗装置运行................................................................................................................... 125
3.4 OPERATION OF CONDENSER RUBBER BALL CLEANING DEVICE...................................................... 125
3.5 开式、闭式冷却水系统的运行........................................................................................................... 129
3.5 OPEN, CLOSED COOLING WATER SYSTEM OPERATION....................................................................129
3.6 辅助蒸汽系统的运行........................................................................................................................... 135
3.6 AUXILIARY STEAM SYSTEM OPERATION ............................................................................................. 136
3.7 润滑油系统的运行............................................................................................................................... 143
3.7 LUBRICATION SYSTEM OPERATION..................................................................................................... 143
3.8 油净化装置的运行............................................................................................................................... 158
3.8 OPERATION OF OIL PURIFIER.............................................................................................................. 158
3.9 发电机密封油系统的运行................................................................................................................... 167
3.9 OPERATION OF GENERATOR SEALING OIL SYSTEM.......................................................................... 167
3.10 氢气系统的运行................................................................................................................................... 181
3.10 HYDROGEN SYSTEM OPERATION.........................................................................................................181
3.11 发电机定子冷却水系统运行............................................................................................................... 190
3.11 THE OPERATION OF THE STATOR COOLING WATER SYSTEM OF THE MOTOR................................ 190
3.12 凝结水系统运行................................................................................................................................... 199
3.12 MAINTENANCE OF CONDENSATE SYSTEM............................................................................................199
3.13 低压加热器的运行............................................................................................................................... 205

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3.13 LP HEATER OPERATION.......................................................................................................................205
3.14 除氧器的运行....................................................................................................................................... 213
3.14 DEAERATOR OPERATION......................................................................................................................213
3.15 电动给水泵运行................................................................................................................................... 222
3.15 THE OPERATION OF ELECTRIC DRIVEN FEED WATER PUMP............................................................ 222
3.16 高压加热器的运行............................................................................................................................... 234
3.16 HP HEATER OPERATION.......................................................................................................................234
3.17 抗燃油系统的运行............................................................................................................................... 242
3.17 FIRE-RESISTANT OIL SYSTEM OPERATION........................................................................................... 242
3.18 水环真空泵的运行............................................................................................................................... 249
3.18 OPERATION OF THE LIQUID RING TYPE VACUUM PUMP.....................................................................249
3.19 轴封系统............................................................................................................................................... 254
3.19 GLAND SEAL STEAM SYSTEM............................................................................................................. 254
3.20 旁路系统的运行................................................................................................................................... 266
3.20 BYPASS SYSTEM RUNNING................................................................................................................... 266

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1. 范围
1. Scope
1.1. 范围
1.1. Scope
本手册所规定内容仅适用于印度尼西亚棉兰庞卡兰苏苏2×200MW火力发电站运
行人员应用。本手册所论述内容主要包括汽轮机本体设备；汽轮机的启、停操作；辅
机运行步序、相关事故处理及必要的运行维护内容。
The content of this manual can only be used for the operation of Indonesian
Pangkalan Susu 2×200MW fuel-fired power plant. The main content is this manual
covers turbine proper equipment, turbine startup and shutdown operation,
auxiliaries’ operation procedures, relevant trouble shooting and necessary
operation and maintenance.
2. 汽轮机运行
2. Turbine operation
2.1. 汽轮机概述
2.1. Turbine Overview
汽轮机是电厂中电力生产的三大主要设备之一，它主要是将从锅炉来蒸汽的热能
转化为汽轮机转子旋转的机械能，从而带动发电机旋转转化为电能。
Turbine, being one of the three major equipment in power plant power
production, is mainly used to converse the boiler steam thermal energy into turbine
rotor’s rotary mechanical energy so as to drive the generator’ rotation and further
generate power.
我 厂 汽 轮 机 由 北 京 北 重 汽 轮 电 机 有 限 责 任 公 司 制 造 ， 型 号 为 N220 －
12.75/535/535型，型式为超高压、中间再热、单轴、三缸、两排汽、冷凝式汽轮
机。运行方式以带基本负荷为主，也可承担部分调峰任务。
The turbine used in Pangkalan Susu Power Plant is manufactured by Beijing
Beizhong Steam Turbine Generator Co., Ltd. with its model being N220 –
12.75/535/535 and the type being ultrahigh pressure, reheat, single shaft, three
casings, two exhaust steam, condensing turbine. The operation mode should
mainly be the base load but it can also bear certain peak load tasks.
我厂汽轮机为高、中压汽缸分缸，通流部分反向布置，高压缸为双层缸。低压汽
缸为双排汽，对称结构。 低压外缸两端各设有喷水减温装置，其顶部装有两只安全
膜。
The turbine’s high pressure (HP) casing and mediate pressure (MP) casing are
double shell casings and separated from each other. The flow passage is arranged

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reversely. Low pressure (LP) casing is designed with double exhaust steams and
symmetrical structure. Both ends of the LP casing outer casing are equipped with
spray desuperheating device and the top is equipped with two safety diaphragms.
高、中、低压转子均为整段转子，全部采用刚性联轴器联接。高压缸流通部分有
一个单列冲动式调节级和11个冲动式压力级；中压缸流通部分有10个冲动式压力
级；低压转子有2×5个冲动式压力级。
The HP, MP and LP motors are all integral rotors connected by rigid couplings.
HP casing flow passage has one single-row impulse type governing stage and 11
impulse type pressure stages; MP casing flow passage has 10 impulse type
pressure stages; and LP rotors have 2×5 impulse type pressure stages.
汽轮机高压缸进汽分别从汽缸两侧进入。甲高压主汽门控制#1、#3高压调速汽
门；乙高压主汽门控制#2、#4高压调速汽门。各汽门由各自独立的单侧油动机控
制。中压缸进汽由两组联合汽门控制，每组联合汽门包括一只中压主汽门和两只中压
调速汽门，分别装在中压汽缸两侧，各汽门同样由各自独立的单侧油动机控制。
The steam intake of turbine HP casing is from both sides of the casing. HP
casing main steam valve A controls HP governing valves #1 and #3; HP casing
main steam valve B controls HP governing valves #2 and #4. Each steam valve is
controlled by their independent one-sided servomotor. MP casing steam intake is
controlled by two sets of united steam valves. Each united steam valve includes
one MP main steam valve and two MP governing valves, which are also equipped
at two sides of the MP casing. Similarly, each steam valve is controlled by its
independent one-sided servomotor.
2.2. 技术规范
2.2. Technical specification
2.2.1. 主要技术规范

2.2.1. Main technical specification

 主蒸汽、再热蒸汽及抽汽系统：
 Main steam, reheated steam and extraction steam system
本机组的主蒸汽和再热蒸汽系统采用单元制。由锅炉来的主蒸汽经两根主蒸汽管
和高压主汽阀门进入高压主汽调节阀，再经四根245×25的高压主蒸汽管进入高压
缸，做功后经两个排汽逆止门，由两根再热冷段管回到再热器。再热后的蒸汽参数为
2.616MPa/535℃, 经 过 两 根 再 热 热 段 管 道 分 别 到 两 个 中 压 主 汽 阀 ， 再 经 过 四 根
426×16的中压主汽管通到中压调节阀然后进入中压通流部分。中压缸排汽经过两
根 1120×10的连通管进入低压缸。在进入冷凝器。
This unit main steam and reheated steam system is utilized system. The main
steam coming from the boiler flows into the HP main team governing valve through

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two main steam pipes and HP main steam valves. Then, through four 245×25 HP
main steam pipes, it flows into HP casing. After doing work, it flows back to reheater
through two exhaust steam check valves and two reheated cold stage pipes. The
reheater steam parameter is 2.616MPa/535℃. Then, through two reheated hot
stage pipes, it flows into two MP main steam valves. Through four  426×16 MP
main steam pipes, it flows to MP governing valves and then the MP flow passage.
The exhaust steam of the MP casing flows to the LP casing through two 1120×10
connected pipes and at last it flows into the condenser.
主汽门前引出一路到高压缸加热装置。
There are two steam sources before the startup valve for the governing
system no-load performance test in the process of operation or full arc steam intake.
One source flows to HP casing bolt heating device and another to HP and MP
shaft-end gland sealing so as to provide high temperature steam for the gland
sealing.
在额定工况正常运行时，应保持主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数稳定。主蒸汽和再热蒸汽
压力和温度的升高，直接影响到机组的安全和使用寿命，主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度的降
低，低压通流部分湿度增大，会导致叶片水蚀。因此，运行中应注意下列问题。
If the rated condition runs normally, the main steam parameter and reheated
steam parameter should maintain stable. The increase in pressure and temperature
of the main steam and reheated steam will directly influence the unit safety and
service life. The decrease in temperature of the main steam and reheated steam
will lead to the increase in humidity of the LP flow passage and thus cause blade
water erosion. Therefore, during the operation, attention should be paid to the
following problems:
 主蒸汽压力升高的限制：
 Main steam pressure increase restriction:
主蒸汽连续运行平均压力不大于12.75MPa，在保证连续运行年平均压力前提
下，允许运行的压力不大于13.39MPa。
Main steam continuous operation mean pressure should be no higher than
12.75MPa. While ensuring annual continuous operation mean pressure, the
allowable operation pressure should be no higher than 13.39MPa.
 主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度升高的限制：
 Main steam and reheated steam temperature increase restriction:
主蒸汽和再热蒸汽连续运行的年平均温度不大于535℃，在保证连续运行的年平
均温度前提下，允许运行的温度540℃。短期最高温度不大于545℃，且每次连续运
行时间不超过30min，年累计时间不超过400h。
The main steam and reheated steam continuous operation annual mean

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temperature should be no higher than 535℃. While ensuring continuous operation
annual temperature, the allowable operation temperature is 540℃. The short-term
highest temperature should be no higher than 545℃. Each continuous operation
duration should be no longer than 30min and annual accumulation duration should
be longer than 400h.
主蒸汽和再热蒸汽两侧进汽管温差不超过17℃，短期不超过40℃。
The steam intake temperature difference between the two sides main steam
and the reheated steam should be no higher than 17℃ and short-term temperature
difference between the two should be no higher than 40℃.
蒸汽中腐蚀性杂质和盐分的含量应控制在国家规定所允许的范围内，以防叶片腐
蚀和通流部分结垢。
The corrosive impurity and the salinity in the steam should be controlled within
the allowable scope required by the national relevant regulation so as to prevent
blade erosion and flow passage scaling.
抽汽系统：共有8段供加热器回热抽汽，除第8段外，1-7段抽汽管及厂用汽管上
设有抽汽逆止阀，起到保护汽轮机安全的作用。
Extraction steam system: there are all together 8 sections of regenerative
extraction steam for the heater. Except the eighth section, the rest, from the first to
the seventh section extraction steam pipes and auxiliary steam pipes are all
equipped with extraction steam check valves to ensure the turbine safety.
 旁路系统
 Bypass system
大型中间再热机组的旁路系统与机组运行的经济性和安全性有着密切的关系。机
组采用旁路系统，具有四个方面的作用。
The bypass system of large-scale intermediate re-heater imposes a significant
impact on the economical efficiency and safety of the operation of turbine set. The
bypass system adopted by the turbine set plays an important role in that:
a 机组启动时，它能使进汽参数迅速地达到汽轮机冲转的要求，缩短启动时
间。
b 机组甩负荷时，它能保护锅炉过热器和再热器，延长锅炉寿命。
c 机组启动和甩负荷时，它可以回收工质，节约电站锅炉的水处理费用。
a It enables the steam inlet parameters at startup of turbine set to reach the
values required for turbine rolling and thus shortens the starting time.
b On load rejection of the turbine set, it protects the boiler over-heater and re-
heater, and thus prolongs the boiler service life.
c During startup and load rejection period, it recycles the working medium

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 and saves treatment cost of water needed by boilers at power station.
本机组采用两级串联三级减温减压旁路系统，Ⅰ级旁路蒸汽从高压主汽阀门前引
出，经一级减温减压后，排至再热器冷段管，Ⅱ级旁路蒸汽由中压主汽阀前引出，经
二级减温减压后的蒸汽排经装设在凝汽器喉部的三级减温减压器进入凝汽器。
为了保证汽轮机的安全运行，对电站旁路系统的设计和运行提出如下要求：
热态启动和温态启动，旁路系统要具有灵活调节主蒸汽温度的能力，使冲转蒸汽
温度与高压转子调节级区域温度相匹配；同时，旁路系统要具有灵活调节再热蒸汽的
能力，使再热蒸汽温度与中压转子第一级区域金属温度相匹配。
The turbine set adopts a two-stage cascade and three-stage temperature and
pressure reducing bypass system. First-stage bypass steam is introduced from the
motor-driven main stop valve and drained to the low temperature reheat pipe after
1-stage temperature and pressure reduction. Second-stage bypass steam is
introduced from the medium pressure main stop valve. Steam subject to second-
stage temperature and pressure reduction passes through the third-stage reducer
mounted at the condenser throat and then enter the condenser.
To ensure the safe operation of turbine, the design and operation of power
station bypass system shall meet the following requirements.
Under the hot and warm start-up states, the bypass system shall be flexible in
regulating main steam temperature so that the rolling steam temperature matches
that of governing stage of high pressure rotor. In addition, the bypass system shall
be flexible in regulating reheat steam so that reheat steam temperature matches
the metal temperature of first stage of medium pressure rotor, and ensure that the
reheat steam pressure shall maintain 0.5 MPa (absolute pressure) when starting
the medium pressure cylinder.
回热系统：
本机组在纯凝汽工况时采用八级回热抽汽系统，三个高压加热器，一个除氧器
(CY), 四个低压加热器。当切除高加时，为防动叶过负荷，机组应作减负荷运行。当
机组作减负荷运行时，应控制调节级压力和各抽汽段压力不超过最大负荷工况。纯冷
凝最大负荷工况时各段压力数据见表2-3-1。
Regenerative system
Under pure condensed steam conditions, the turbine set uses an 8-stage
extraction steam system, 3 high pressure heaters, 1 deaerator (CY), and 4 low
pressure heaters. In case the high pressure heaters are shut, the turbine set shall
operate under unloading condition so that the moving blades are not exposed to
overload. In such a case, it is essential to regulate the governing stage pressure
and the extraction stage pressure and ensure that they shall not exceed the
pressure of each stage under the maximum load operating condition. Under pure

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 condensing maximum load operating condition, the pressure of each stage is given
in Table 2-3-1.
表 2.3.1
抽汽段数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 调节级后
抽汽部位 9 级后 12 级后 15 级后 17 级后 20 级后 22 级后 24 级后 25 级后 调节级后
压力 MPa 4.226 2.74 1.439 0.97 0.487 0.271 0.1035 0.056 10.453

Table 2-3-1
Number
of overning stage
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
extracti
on
Extractio after after after after afte overning stage
after 9 after 12 after 17
n points 15 20 22 24 r 25
Pressure 0.0 10.453
4.226 2.74 1.439 0.97 0.487 0.271 0.1035
, MPa 56

配汽方式：
机组采用喷嘴配汽，高压部分共有四个调节阀，对应四组喷嘴。喷嘴组的顺序号
及汽道数目如图2-4-1所示，喷嘴组的顺序号与调节阀的顺序号一一对应。同时进汽
的Ⅰ、Ⅱ号喷嘴组安排在下缸，有利于部分负荷时，减小上下缸温差，并且调节级有
较大的进汽度，借以改善调节级动叶的受力状态。
Steam distribution modes:
The steam distribution of the turbine set is completed by nozzle. There are 4
control valves in the high pressure section and each of them corresponds to a
specific nozzle group. The serial number of nozzle groups and the number of steam
lanes are shown in Fig. 2-4-1. The serial number of nozzle groups corresponds to
that the control valves. Nozzle groups I and II, into which inlet steam enters
simultaneously, are mounted at the lower half cylinder to reduce the temperature
difference between the upper and lower cylinders when operating under partial load,
and to increase the degree of admission for the governing stages and improves the
stressed state of the moving blades at the governing stages.

从汽机向电机看

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 Seeing from turbine to generator

再热蒸汽经过四个中压调节阀进入中压缸。中压缸为全周进汽。采用伺服马达操
纵四个300的中压调节阀，负荷在30%额定负荷以下时中压调节阀才起调节作用，
以维持再热器内必要的最低压力。在此负荷以上四个中压调节阀一直保持全开状态，
此时仅由高压调节阀调节负荷。
The reheat steam passes 4 medium pressure control valves and then enters
into a full-arc admission type of medium pressure cylinder. A servomotor is used to
regulate 4 medium pressure control valves of  300, which actuate only when the
actual load is below 30% of the nominal. This is necessary to maintain a minimum
pressure inside the re-heater. In case the actual load is over 30% of the nominal, all
the four valves remain full open and the actual load is regulated by high pressure
control valve only.
法兰螺栓加热系统：
由于汽轮机各个部件的尺寸，重量，接触蒸汽的面积和导热系数等情况不同，在
启停和变负荷时，它们将承受温度差而引起的热应力及动静部分的热膨胀差 (简称胀
差)。过大的热应力会导致零部件因热疲劳而产生裂纹；过大的胀差也会导致动静部
分发生摩擦，这些都会造成机组损坏事故。为了减少热应力和调整胀差，以利于机组
快速启动，通过实验和运行实践设置了汽缸和法兰加热装置。

9
 在汽轮机冷态启动时，如果汽缸法兰内、外壁温差过大，容易引起汽缸变形，甚
至引起中分面漏汽，汽缸法兰外表面加热，可以有效地减小法兰内、外壁温差，避免
汽缸变形，同时达到减小汽缸热应力和调整胀差的目的。
在汽轮机冲转的同时，投入法兰螺栓加热系统。加热蒸汽设两个汽源，一个汽源
由再热冷段供汽，另一个汽源由辅助汽源供汽。两个汽源来汽在混温联箱混合后，经
过高压和中压集汽联箱分别去加热高中压缸法兰和螺栓，调整混温联箱前阀门开度，
控制混温联箱汽压不超过0.98MPa，温度不大于400℃，安全阀按此值调整。加热蒸
汽由混温联箱经 四个集汽联箱进气门 ， 分别进入四个集汽联箱 ，然后经十二 根
φ45×2.5的管子，其中八根流入高中压缸法兰侧面的加热汽柜。加热蒸汽从汽缸的高
压端进入，经汽柜内曲折的汽路，加热法兰外表面，余汽和疏水在高、中压汽缸的低
压端，分别经八根φ45X2.5管子排入集汽联箱，四根流入高中压缸螺栓，回气排入高
中压集汽联箱，再经截止阀排至疏水扩容器。高压缸夹层加热汽源来自于新蒸汽，加
热高压缸。
冷态启动时，可用辅助汽源加热法兰，加热蒸汽压力不超过0.98MPa，温度为
150~160℃，在投入高压缸夹层加热的同时，投入高压缸螺栓及中压缸法兰加热。在
启动升负荷过程中，随法兰温度的升高，应调整加热蒸汽温度，保持加热蒸汽温度高
于法兰外壁温度100~150℃。
当法兰内、外壁温差在80℃以下，胀差稳定后，停止法兰加热。
Heating system of flange bolts
Thermal stresses and heat expansion difference (differential expansion, for
short) between the moving and stationary parts may be caused by the temperature
difference during startup, stop, and variation of load because the dimensions,
weights, steam contact area, and conductivity factors of various components of the
turbine may differ. Overlarge thermal stress may lead to cracks of parts resulted
from thermal fatigue. Meanwhile, overlarge differential expansion may cause friction
between the moving and stationary parts and may thus lead to failures of the
turbine set. To facilitate quick start of turbine set by decreasing thermal stress and
adjusting the differential expansion, heating units for cylinders and flanges are
provided based on experiments and operational practice.
During the cold startup of turbine, cylinder distortion and even leakage of split
plane may be caused by overlarge temperature difference between the inner and
outer flange walls. Heating the outer surface of cylinder flange may be essential for
decreasing the temperature difference and thermal stress imposed on cylinder, and
adjusting the differential expansion.
Switch on the flange heating system during the rolling the turbine. The heating
steam is supplied by two sources: one is live steam and the other is auxiliary steam

10
source. The steam fed by different sources is mixed in the mixture chamber and
then goes to the flange to be heated. Adjust the valve opening before the mixture
chamber and regulate the steam pressure of chamber below 0.98MPa, and the
temperature not over 400℃. The safety valves shall be set based on the above
values. The heated steam passes through the mixture chamber and 8 pipes of φ45
× 2.5, and then flow into the heating steam cabinet on the flange side of medium
pressure cylinder. The heated steam enters through the high pressure end and
passes through the twisted steam lines inside the cabinet before heating the
external surface of the flange. Excessive steam and drained water at the low
pressure end of the high- and medium-pressure cylinders passes through 8 pipes of
φ45 × 2.5 before being drained into the accumulator and check valves till finally
discharged into a drain flash tank.
On cold startup, the auxiliary steam source may be used for heating, with a
heating steam pressure not higher than 0.98 MPa and temperature between 150 -
160℃. When the high pressure cylinder jacket heating system is switched on, the
high pressure cylinder bolts and medium pressure cylinder flange heating systems
shall also be switched on. During the startup and loading process, the heated
steam temperature shall be adjusted with the rise in flange temperature. It is
desirable that the heating steam temperature be 100 - 150℃ higher than that of the
outer flange wall.
Stop heating the flange when the temperature difference between the inner
and outer flange walls reaches below 80℃ and the differential expansion remains
steady.
汽封系统：
采用自密封汽封系统，高中压缸轴封漏汽通到低压缸端轴封和相应的加热器去回
收利用。靠近大气端则通过集汽箱供汽和汽封加热器抽汽，阻止大气进入汽机中。低
压缸轴封仅有集汽箱供汽和汽封加热器抽汽。
高压缸前汽封漏汽共有四段，第一段和第二段漏到DJ5，第三段和第四段分别与
汽封母管S和CF2相连；高压缸后汽封和中压缸前汽封的第一段漏汽接至DJ5，第二
段和第三段分别接汽封母管S和CF2，中压缸后汽封，第一段和第二段分别接汽封母
管S和CF2。低压缸前后汽封各分两段，分别接汽封母管S和CF2。各主汽阀，调节
阀的阀杆漏汽第一段接至除氧器，第二段接CF2。
CF2汽封加热器用于回收各汽缸轴封和阀门阀杆漏出的蒸汽空气混和物，经热交
换，部分蒸汽凝结成水，疏入冷凝器，未凝结的少量蒸汽和气体由风机抽出。CF2换
热面积130M2。汽侧工作压力0.095MPa。
正常运行时高中压缸汽封漏入S汽封母管再经减温减压后再向低压缸轴封大气侧

11
第 二 段 供 0.115MPa 的 蒸 汽 ， 阻 止 空 气 漏 入 ； 集 汽 器 的 压 力 通 过 调 节 阀 控 制 在
0.115MPa，150℃~160℃。高中压缸的汽封为高低齿型梳齿汽封，低压缸汽封为斜
平齿汽封。高、中、低压缸的汽封最外挡采用接触式蜂窝汽封
由于结构尺寸限制，低压缸前、后汽封体通向汽封母管S和CF2的管路布置在汽
封体两侧，管路接出后，一同引向机组的单侧。
Gland steam sealing system
A self-sealing gland steam system shall be adopted, in which the gland steam
leaked from high- and medium-pressure cylinders goes to the low pressure cylinder
gland seal and corresponding heaters for recycling. To prevent the air entering
turbine from the air side, a collection chamber shall be used for steam supply and a
gland steam heater for steam extraction. For gland seal of low pressure cylinders,
only collection chamber will be used for steam supply and gland steam heater for
extraction.
The front gland leakage of high pressure cylinder consists of four stages. The
first stage leaks to GJ3, second to DJ5; and the third and fourth stages are
connected to gland steam headers S and CF2, respectively. The first stage leaks of
rear gland steam of high pressure cylinder and front gland steam of medium
pressure cylinder are connected to DJ5, the second stage and third stage to S and
CF2 respectively. The front (and rear) gland seal of low pressure cylinder consist of
two stages, which are connected to the gland steam headers S and CF2,
respectively. The first-stage leaked steam from the rod of each main steam valve
and control valve shall be connected to deaerator, and second stage to CF2.
CF2 gland steam heater is used for recycling the mixture of leaked steam from
each cylinder gland seal and valve rod and the air. With heat transfer, partial steam
condenses into water and is drained into the condenser. Small amount of
uncondensed steam and gas shall be extracted out by blower. The heat transfer
area of CF2 is 130 m2 and the operating pressure on steam side is 0.095 MPs.
During normal operation, the gland steam of high- and medium-pressure
cylinders leaks to the S gland steam header. After a temperature- and pressure-
decreasing process, the gland steam supplies the second stage on air side of low
pressure cylinder gland with 0.115 MPa steam and prevents the leaked air entering.
The accumulator pressure is regulated at 0.115 MPa, 150℃ - 160℃, by a control
valve. High- and medium-pressure cylinders use serrated type steam seals, and
low-pressure cylinder uses skewed type steam seals. For high-, medium- and low-
pressure cylinders, the outermost edge of the gland seal shall be contact type
honeycomb seal.
Due to the limitation of dimensions, the pipe connection between the front and
rear gland housings of low pressure cylinder and the gland steam headers S and

12
CF2 are arranged on both sides of the gland housings. The external pipes will be
introduced to one side of the turbine set.
本体疏水系统：
汽轮机启动、停机、低负荷和低参数运行时，汽轮机本体、阀门、管道等都可能集聚凝
结水，这些凝结水必须及时疏走，以免这些设备内积水，产生过大的温差，造成如汽缸、转
子弯曲等重大事故。因此，合理布置疏水系统管路并保证及时疏水是保证汽轮机安全运行的
重要条件之一。
随机供应的三台疏水扩容器的容量能满足本体、阀门、部分管道的疏水。汽轮机启动
时，应全开各疏水门。在启动、带负荷过程中，视情况，允许适当关小疏水门，直到带上
25%额定负荷，疏水门全关，停机过程中，负荷降到20%额定值时，应开启疏水门直到机组
冷却为止。
Proper drainage system
When turbine operates under startup, stop, low-load, or small-parameter
conditions, condensed water may be produced on turbine proper, valves, and pipes.
The condensed water shall be drained immediately to avoid water accumulation
inside the units and overlarge differential temperature, which may lead to severe
deformation of cylinders and rotors. Therefore, it is essential to properly arrange the
drainage pipes and to drain water immediately for the safe operation of turbine.
The capacity of the three drain flash tanks supplied with the turbine satisfies
the drainage demand of the proper, valves, and partial pipes. One of the tanks is
specially used for all drainage connecting with the high pressure cylinder when the
medium pressure cylinder starts and the high pressure cylinder is isolated, so as
not to harm the vacuity of high pressure cylinder. At startup period of turbine, all
drain ports shall be completely opened. During the startup or on-load operation
period, the drain ports may be properly switched down depending on the practical
situation. The drain ports shall be completely closed till the turbine operates up to
25% of the nominal load. During the stop period when the load decreases to 20% of
the nominal, the drain ports shall be opened until the turbine set cools down.
油系统：
本机油系统的作用是向机组各轴承提供润滑油，向调节保安系统提供压力油，同
时还向盘车装置、顶轴装置供油。
本系统采用传统的主轴直接驱动的主油泵—油轮泵系统。主油泵出的高压油一部
分供调节保安系统，一部分供油轮泵，油轮泵带动离心增压泵，油轮泵的乏油和离心
增压泵出口油供主油泵进口和润滑油系统。
油系统还包括下列主要设备：在盘车时，向各轴承提供高压顶轴油的系统；高压
启动油泵，交流润滑油泵，直流事故油泵，以及集装油箱、油管、冷油器、排烟风
机、油净化器等。

13
 Oil system:
The turbine oil system feeds lubricating oil for all bearings and feeds pressure
oil for control and safeguard systems. Besides, it feeds oil for barring gear and shaft
raising gear.
The traditional main oil pump – oil tanker pump system directly driven by main
shaft is used in the oil system. Part of the high pressure oil pumped out from the
main oil pump feeds the control and safeguard system and part of the pumped oil
feeds the oil tanker pump, which drives the centrifugal blower pump. The starvation
oil of oil tanker pump and the outlet oil of the centrifugal blower pump feed the inlet
of main oil pump and the lubricating system.
The oil system consists of the following main equipment: system supplying high
pressure jacking oil for each bearing during barring process; high pressure primer
oil pump; AC lubricating oil pump; DC emergency oil pump; and oil tanks, oil pipes,
oil coolers, gas exhauster, and purifiers.
2.2.2. 汽轮机本体有关数据

2.2.2. Data about turbine proper

机组主要技术参数如下：
额定功率220MW
最大功率(VWO) 229 MW
高压主汽阀前主蒸汽额定压力12.75 MPa.a
高压主汽阀前主蒸汽额定温度535℃
主蒸汽流量(VWO/TRL)： 693／660 t/h
高压缸排汽蒸汽压力(TRL)2.6163 MPa.a
中压主汽阀前再热蒸汽压力(TRL) 2.3025 MPa.a
中压主汽门前再热蒸汽额定温度(VWO/TRL) 535℃/535℃
凝汽器背压 8.7 kPa.a(额定冷却水温30 ℃)
给水温度：251.3 ℃
转子转向：自汽轮机向发电机看为顺时针方向
主要经济技术指标
额定功率下汽耗率：2.996kg/kWh
汽轮发电机组TMCR工况(TRL)热耗率为：8295.2 kJ/kWh
Main technical parameters of the unit are as follows:
Rated power 220MW
Maximum power (VWO) 229 MW
Rated steam pressure in front of the HP main stop valve 12.75 MPa.a
Rated steam temperature in front of the HP main stop valve 535℃

14
 Main steam flow (VWO/TRL):693／660 t/h
HP casing exhaust steam pressure (TRL)2.6163 MPa.a
Reheat steam pressure in front of the IP main stop valve(TRL)2.3025 MPa.a
Rated reheat steam temperature in front of the IP main stop
valve(VWO/TRL)535℃/535℃
Condenser backpressure 8.7kPa.a (rated stator cooling water temperature
30℃)
feedwater temperature:251.3 ℃
Rotor rotating direction: seen from the turbine towards generator is clockwise
Main economic technical norms
Steam consumption rate under rated power: 2.996 kg/kWh
Heat rate under turbine generator unit TMCR working condition (TRL) is 8295.2
kJ/kWh
2.2.3. 机组启动、运行的限制值

2.2.3. Limited value for startup and run of the unit

上述的启动过程，启动参数，启动曲线，根据现场的实际情况，允许修改。
启动过程中应遵循的若干规定
1 在0~3000转/分的升速过程中，要特别监视机组的振动指标。中速以下，任
一 轴 承 振 动 大 于0.03mm 时 必 须 打 闸 停 机 。 通 过 临 界 转 速 时 ， 振 动 超 过
0.1mm时应立即打闸停机。
2 当高压外缸与中压缸前部之下半外壁温度达到350℃，法兰螺栓温差与相对
膨胀值均在允许范围时，方可停用中压缸法兰螺栓及高压缸法兰螺栓加热装
置。
3 差胀正值较大时，应维持蒸汽参数不变，延长暖机时间或加大法兰螺栓加热的进汽
量。差胀负值较大时，应提高蒸汽参数，加快增荷速度或投用高温轴封汽源。增荷
过程中监视高、中压缸的绝对膨胀值。
4 以下表一、表二、表三、表四、表五列出了各项指标的允许范围。
Above starting process, starting parameter and starting curve permit modify
depended upon the actual situation in site.
The following stipulation shall be obeyed:
1 In speed raising process of 0~3000r/min, the vibration merit of the unit is to
specially monitor. Under middle speed, when the vibration of any bearing is
more than 0.03mm, the unit must be shutdown. When the vibration
exceeds 0.1mm through critical speed, the unit shall be immediately
shutdown.
2 When the temperature of outer walls in HP outer casing and lower half of

15
 front pat of IP casing reaches 350℃ and the temperature difference,
relative expansion for flange bolt all is in permissible range, the heating
device for flange bolt of HP, IP casing may stop to use.
3 When the positive value of expansion difference is more, the steam
parameter shall keep constant, extends the warming time or increase the
steam admission quality for heating the flange bolt. When the negative
value of expansion difference is more, the steam parameter shall be raised,
the rate for load rising is increased or input to use the steam source for
high temperature gland. In load rising process, the absolute expansion
value of HP, IP casing shall be monitored.
4 The permissible range of each merit is given in table1~5.
表一 蒸汽温(压)升率
序号 名称 温(压)升率
1 主蒸汽压力 0.03~0.05Mpa/min
2 主蒸汽温度 1~1.5℃/min
3 再热汽温度 2~2.5℃/min
Table 1 Steam temperature (pressure) rising rate
No. Name Temperature (pressure) rising rate
1 Main steam pressure 0.03~0.05Mpa/min
2 Main steam temperature 1~1.5℃/min
3 Reheated steam temperature 2~2.5℃/min
表二 金属温升率
序号 名称 温升率
1 主汽管、主汽门、调节门处壁温 4~5℃/min
2 汽缸各处温度 3~4℃/min
Table 2 Metal temperature rising rate
Name Temperature rising
No
rate
Main steam pipe, main steam valve, wall 4~5℃/min
1
temperature at governing valve
2 Casing everywhere temperature 3~4℃/min
表三 主要项目的温差
序号 名称 数值 附注
1 高压内缸内、外壁上下温差 ＜35℃
2 高压外缸内、外壁上下温差 ＜40℃

16
3 不允许外壁温度高于
中压缸内、外壁上下温差 ＜50℃
内壁温度

4 高压缸法兰内、外壁温差 ＜100℃
5 不允许螺栓温度高于
高中压缸法兰左右温差 ＜10℃
法兰温度

6 高中压缸法兰与螺栓温差 ＜35℃
7 高中压缸上下内壁与法兰内壁温差 ＜15℃
8 高压内缸外壁与高压外缸内壁温差 ＜40℃
9 两侧主蒸汽与再热蒸汽管内蒸汽温差 ＜15℃
10 法兰螺栓加热蒸汽比高压外缸下
100~150℃
法兰外壁温度高
11 法兰螺栓加热蒸汽比中压外缸下
100~150℃
法兰外壁温度高
说明：高压缸是高压内缸与高压外缸的简称
Table 3 Main part temperature difference
No. Name Value Remark
1 HP inner casing inside and outside wall upper
＜35℃
and lower part temperature difference
2 HP outer casing inside and outside wall upper
＜40℃
and lower part temperature difference
3 Outer wall
temperature higher
IP inner casing inside and outside wall upper
＜50℃ than inner wall
and lower part temperature difference
temperature is not
allowed
4 HP casing flange outer and inner wall
＜100℃
temperature difference
5 Bolt temperature
HP, IP casing flange left and right temperature higher than flange
＜10℃
difference temperature is not
allowed
6 HP, IP casing flange and bolt temperature
＜35℃
difference
7 HP, IP casing upper and lower inner wall and
＜15℃
flange inner wall temperature difference
8 HP inner casing outer wall and HP outer
＜40℃
casing inner wall temperature difference
9 Main steam pipe and reheated steam pipe
＜15℃
steam temperature difference at two sides

17
10 Flange bolt heating steam temperature higher
than the HP outer casing lower flange outer 100~150℃
wall temperature
11 Flange bolt heating steam temperature higher
than the IP outer casing lower flange outer 100~150℃
wall temperature
Note: HP casing is the abbreviation for HP inner casing and HP outer casing.
表四 差胀数值
序号 名称 报警值 停机值
1 高压差胀 -1~+4mm -1.5~+5.5mm
2 中压差胀 -1.8~+3mm -2.5~+3.5mm
3 低压差胀 -2~+5mm -3.0~+7mm
Table 4 Differential expansion value
No Name Alarm value Shutdown value
HP differential -1~+4mm -1.5~+5.5mm
1
expansion
IP differential -1.8~+3mm -2.5~+3.5mm
2
expansion
LP differential -2~+5mm -3.0~+7mm
3
expansion
表五 其它项目的数值
序号 名称 数值 附注
1 各轴颈的顶起高度 0.03~0.05mm
2 轴位移表读数 -1~+0.6mm ＞+1.0mm 或＜-1.2
mm 停机
3 各轴承双振幅值 ≤0.03mm 在轴承箱盖上测量
4 各轴承进油压力 0.078~0.147Mpa
5 各轴承进油温度 35~45℃
6 各轴承回油温度 ＜65℃
7 各轴瓦的温度 ＜95℃
8 任一推力瓦块温度 ＜95℃
9 排汽温度 ＜50℃ ≥80℃自动投喷水
冷却装置
5 在满足第 4 条各表内数值要求的前提下，升速、暖机、加负荷等各阶段规
定时间可适当缩短或延长。
Table 5 Other parts value
No. Name Value Remark

18
 1 Each journal jack-up height 0.03~0.05mm
2 Axial displacement instrument -1~+0.6mm Shutdown ＞+1.0mm or ＜
readout mm
3 Each bearing double vibration ≤0.03mm Measure at bearing
amplitude tank cover
4 Each bearing oil intake pressure 0.078~0.147Mpa
5 Each bearing oil intake temperature 35~45℃
6 Each bearing return oil temperature ＜65℃
7 Each bearing bush temperature ＜95℃
8 Any thrust bearing pad temperature ＜95℃
9 Exhaust temperature ＜50℃ Automatic spray cooling
Device operation ≥80℃
5 The rising rate, warming, load increase and each step regulated duration can
be shortened or prolonged appropriately provided that all the conditions are
satisfied in Table 4.
2.2.4. 机组临界转速

2.2.4. Unit critical rotating speed

高压转子 2025rpm
中压转子 1965 rpm
低压转子 1665 rpm
发电机转子 1380 rpm
HP rotor 2025rpm
IP rotor 1965 rpm
LP rotor 1665 rpm
Generator rotor 1380 rpm
2.3. 汽轮机组启动
2.3. Turbine startup
本机组建议采用高压缸启动。
HP casing startup for the unit is recommended.
2.3.1. 汽轮机禁止启动条件

2.3.1. Conditions for forbidding turbine startup

1 危机保安器动作不正常。高、中压主汽门、调节门、各抽汽逆止门卡涩或关
闭不严。
2 甩负荷后，调速系统不能维持汽机转速在3000r/min以下。

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3 主轴晃动值比原始值大0.02mm。
4 盘车中可听见动静摩擦的金属声。
5 油质不合格、轴承进油温度低于35℃或排油温度高于65℃、油箱油位在最低
报警油位(-140mm)以下。
6 辅助油泵及盘车装置失灵。
7 主要仪表(如测量转速、真空、振动、轴位移、高中低差涨、主蒸汽及再热蒸
汽的温度与压力、高中压缸膨胀、高中压缸上下温度、轴承及推力瓦温度等
所用之表计)及各种保护失灵。
8 交直流辅助油泵、抗燃油泵组、润滑系统故障或顶轴装置、盘车装置失常。
9 汽轮机进水。
10 机组保温不完善。
11 机组主要联锁、保护试验不合格。
12 主要自动调节、控制系统失灵，如：轴封调节，高、低旁控制系统，DEH控
制系统等。
13 汽机任一差胀或轴向位移达报警值。
14 发电机密封油系统不正常。
15 汽轮机上、下缸温差超限。
16 机组跳闸原因未查明，缺陷未消除。
17 汽、水、油品质不合格。
1 The act of the emergency protector is not normally. The HP, LP main steam
valve, governing valve and each extracted non-return valves is stick, or is
not closed strictly.
2 After the load is rejected, the speed controlled system cannot keep under
3000r/min rotating speed of the turbine.
3 The sway value of rotor is 0.02mm more than the original value.
4 In turning process may hear the metal sound because of friction within the
movable and static components.
5 The quality of oil is not acceptable, the temperature of feeding oil is lower
than 35℃ and that of oil drain is above 65 ℃ , the indication of oil level is
lower than the alarm graduation value (-140mm).
6 The auxiliary oil pump and turning device are failed.
7 The main instruments (for example, the gauges for measuring rotating
speed, vacuum, vibration, displacement of shaft, HP, IP, LP expansion
difference, temperature and pressure of main and reheat steam, expansion
of HP, IP casing, upper and lower temperature of HP, IP casing,
temperature of bearing and thrust pad) and each protect is failure.

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 8 AC-dc auxiliary oil pump, lubricating system, fire resistance hydraulic oil
pump, jacking device or barring gear is out of order.
9 Water flows into the turbine.
10 Insulation is not perfect.
11 Unit main interlock and the protection do not meet the requirements
12 Main automatic adjustment and control system fail, such as gland seal
adjustment, HP and LP bypass control system, DEH control system and so
on.
13 Any expansion difference or the axial displacement of the turbine reaches
the alarm value.
14 Generator seal oil system is not normal.
15 Turbine upper and lower casing temperature difference is not normally.
16 Unit trip causes have not been found and the defects are not eliminated.
17 Steam, water or oil quality does not meet the requirements.
2.3.2. 下列项目应在总工程师或总工指定的人员主持下进行

2.3.2. The following items should be carried out under the command of the general
engineer and the specialized personnel

1) 机组大、小修后首次启动。
2) 机组实际超速试验。
3) 机组甩负荷试验。
4) 主要设备或系统经重大改动后的首次启动。
1) The first startup after unit overhaul and repair.
2) Unit actual overspeed test.
3) Unit load rejection test.
4) First startup after the significant main improvement of equipment or the
system.
2.3.3. 汽轮机启动状态和启动方式的划分

2.3.3. Turbine startup state and startup mode classifications

汽轮机启动方式是以汽轮机启动前高压内缸上半调节级处内壁金属温度来区分的,
具体如下:
冷态启动: ≤150℃ 温态启动: 150℃～300℃
热态启动: 300℃～400℃ 极热态启动: ≥400℃
The inwall temperature in HP inner casing upper half near governing stage is
used to classify the type of start-up. The details are as follows:
Cold start: t < 150°C Warm start: 150°C < t < 300℃
Hot start: 300°C < t < 400℃ Very high start: t ≥ 400℃

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2.3.4. 汽轮机启动前的准备工作

2.3.4. Preparations before steam turbine startup

2.3.4.1. 通则

2.3.4.1. General rules

1) 单元长接到值长机组启动命令后，即可通知下属各岗位做好准备。
2) 确认妨碍机组启动的检修工作全部结束，所有临时安全措施已拆除，常设遮
栏和警告牌已恢复，工作票已终结并收回，且验收合格。
3) 检查各楼梯、栏杆、平台完整，保温完好，汽、水、油等管道支吊、刚性梁
及支吊架完好，现场清洁且照明充足。
4) 检查汽机主油箱、抗燃油箱、旁路油箱及所有辅机油箱油位、轴承油位正
常，油质合格。
5) 检查各厂用电系统运行正常(包括UPS系统、直流系统、热工电源)，并满足
机组启动条件。
6) 将各阀门操作至所需状态。
7) 联系化学投运供水系统，并向综合泵房各水池补水。
8) 联系热控确认DCS控制系统运行正常，送上有关控制气源、控制电源、仪表
电源等，试验声光报警正常。
9) 送电给有关辅机及电动阀门，检查开、关正常，限位正确，机械灵活无卡，
集控开度指示与就地一致。
10) 主辅设备各联锁、保护试验合格，并已投入。
11) 厂区消防水系统、消防设施正常。
12) 确认柴油发电机启动试验正常。
1) After the unit leader receives the startup command from the shift leader, he
can inform the subordinates of each post to prepare for unit startup.
2) Make sure the maintenance which can interfere the unit startup is finished,
all the temporary safety protections are removed, the common shield and
warning board are restored, the work permit is finished and taken back, and
the acceptance test meets the requirements.
3) Check if the stairs, hand rails, platforms should be complete, the insulation
should be complete, the suspension of the steam, water and oil piping, the
rigid beam, and the suspension supporting are complete, the site should be
clean and the lighting should be fine.
4) Check and ensure that the oil level of turbine main oil tank, fire resistant oil
tank, bypass oil tank, all the auxiliary equipment oil tanks and the bearing
are normal. And ensure that the oil quality meets the requirements.

22
 5) Check that each service power system operates normally (including the
UPS system, DC system and I&C power supply), and the service power
system should meet the requirements of the startup of the unit.
6) Operate the valves to the required state.
7) Inform the chemical personnel to put the water supply system into
operation and make up water to each pool of the integral pump room.
8) Inform the I&C operator to check if DCS control system operates normally,
supply power to the related control air source, control power source and
instrument power supply and so on, and test if the acousto-optic alarm is
normal.
9) Supply power to the relevant auxiliaries and the electrical-operated valves,
check if the valves can be opened and closed normally, the machine is
flexible without any blockage, and the central control opening indication
should be the same with the local indication.
10) The interlock and the protection test for the main and auxiliary equipment
meet the requirement and have been put into operation.
11) Fire-fighting water system and the fire-fighting facilities of the power plant
are normal.
12) Make sure the diesel generator startup test is normal.
2.3.4.2. 汽机启动前准备

2.3.4.2. Preparations before turbine startup

1) 热工向DEH系统供电，检查各功能模块的性能是否正常。检查与CCS系统和
系统(旁路控制系统)I/O接口通讯是否正常。
2) 检查TSI系统功能。
3) 检查润滑油箱、抗燃油箱油位、油箱指示器应显示高限油位，并进行润滑油
箱油位报警试验(抗燃油箱除外)，化验油质合格。
4) 检查自密封汽封系统各汽源供汽调节站能否正常工作。
5 检查疏水系统各气动截止阀能否正常工作，并进行系统正常开关试验。
6) 检查高排逆止门和所有抽汽止回阀能否正常工作，并进行联动试验。
7) 对高压主汽阀、中压主汽阀、高压调节阀和中压调节阀进行静态试验并整
定，(注意保证无汽水进入汽轮机)由检修进行，运行配合。
8) 检查各系统阀门处于机组启动前状态。
9) 检查取水渠水位正常，反冲洗泵给循环水管道已充水完毕，确认凝汽器甲、
乙侧进出水门已开启，启动一台循环水泵。
10) 联系化学投运除盐水系统，向真空泵气水分离器、定子冷却水箱等补水至正
常水位，并检查水质合格。

23
11) 循环水系统投运正常以后，投运开式，闭式冷却水系统。
12) 投入厂用压缩空气系统。
13) 投入油净化装置。
14) 投入润滑油系统，启动一台排烟风机，检查交流润滑油泵运行正常，启
动高压油泵将交流油泵投入备用，主油箱油位正常，油系统打循环。
15) 投入密封油系统。
16) 发电机气体置换。
17) 联系电检测定发电机定子绝缘合格，测发电机励磁回路绝缘合格。
18) 汽机冲转前至少2小时，投入连续盘车。检查并记录转子偏心度,与原始值相
比不得超过0.02mm，确认转子没有发生弯曲，并监听通流部分有无磨擦
声。
19) 投入辅助蒸汽系统。汽封系统暖管。
20)高压缸夹层、高中压法兰螺栓加热系统开始暖管。
21) 投抗燃油系统，检查油压正常。
1) I&C personnel supply power to DEH system and check if the performance
of each functional modular is normal. Check the I/O interface
communication between the CCS and the TBC system is normal or not.
2) Check the function of TSI system.
3) Check the oil level of lube oil tank and fire resistant hydraulic oil tank and
the oil tank indicator should display the high limitation oil level. Carry out
the lube oil tank oil level alarm test (fire-resistant oil tank is not included),
and analyze if the oil quality meets the requirements.
4) Check the steam source supply control station of the self-seal gland seal
system to see if they operate normally.
5) Check if the gas-operated check valves of the drain system can work
normally and then carry out the normal open and close test of the system.
6) Check if the HP exhaust check valve and the extraction check valve can be
operated normally and then carry out the interlock test.
7) Carry out the static state test and setting of the HP main stop valve, IP
main stop valve, HP governing valve and the IP governing valve, (make
sure there is no steam or water enters the turbine), the maintenance
personnel are in charge and the operation personnel should cooperate.
8) Check if the valves of each system are in the same state as before unit
state.
9) Check the water level of water trench is normal, make sure that the
backwash pump has already finished filling water to circulating water pipe,
and water inlet and outlet valve on two sides of condenser have been

24
 opened. Start up a circulation water pump.
10) Inform the chemical personnel to put the demineralization system into
operation make up water to the vacuum pump air and water separator,
water cooling tank to the normal water level and then check if the water
quality meets the requirements.
11) Check if the circulation water system operates normally, and then put the
closed type and open type cooling water system into operation.
12) Put the service compressed air system into operation.
13) Put the oil purification device into operation.
14) Put the lube oil system into operation, start up one exhaust fan, check the
AC lube oil pump operate normally, start HP oil pump and AC oil pump is
standby and oil level in main oil tank is normal then put the oil system into
circulation mode.
15) Put the seal oil system into operation.
16) Fill hydrogen into the generator.
17) Inform the electrical personnel to measure the generator stator insulation to
check if it meets the requirements and measure if the generator excitation
loop insulation meets the requirements.
18) At least 2 hours before turbine rolling put the continuous turning gear into
operation. Check and record the rotor eccentricity and then compare with
the original value and the difference should be no more than 0.02mm.
Make sure that the rotor has no bending and listen to the flow path to see if
there is any friction sound.
19) Put the auxiliary steam system into operation. Warm up the pipes of the
gland seal system.
20) Flange and bolt heating system begins to warm up the pipes.
21) Put the fire-resistant oil system into operation and checks if the oil pressure
is normal.
2.3.5. 汽轮机启动前的试验项目

2.3.5. Test Items before steam turbine startup

2.3.5.1. 机组的试验项目

1) 各电(气)动门、及挡板门的试验。
2) 转动机械检修后的运转试验。
3) 辅机及辅机附属设备的联动及保护试验。
4) 机、炉、电大联锁。
2.3.5.1. Turbine unit test items
1) Test of all electrical operated valves, pneumatic valves and dampers.
25
 2) Operating test after maintenance of rotary equipment.
3) Test of the interlock and protections of the auxiliaries and the fittings.
4) Steam turbine, boiler and generator interlock.
2.3.5.2. 汽轮机试验项目

1) 调节系统静态试验。
2) 通道试验。(热控进行)
3) 阀门校验。(热控进行)
4) 高压遮断电磁阀试验。
5) 超速遮断电磁阀试验。
2.3.5.2. Steam turbine test items
1) Static test of speed governing system.
2) Test of channels. (performed by I&C)
3) Valves calibration. (performed by I&C)
4) Test of HP trip solenoid valve.
5) Test of overspeed trip solenoid valve.
2.3.6. 汽轮机启动过程中的注意事项

2.3.6. Precautions during steam turbine startup

1) 注意监视汽轮机振动、轴向位移、热膨胀、胀差、各轴承金属温度和回油温
度在正常范围，法兰、螺栓加热系统温度控制正常。胀差变化过快时应适当
延长暖机时间。
1) Closely supervise the things below: turbine vibration, axial displacement,
thermal expansion, differential expansion, bearing metal temperature and
returning oil temperature, is within normal range. Temperature control of
heating system of flange and bolts is normal. Extend the turbine warming
up time when differential expansion changes very fast.
2) 注意倾听机组声音，内部应无异常噪音。
2) Carefully listen to the sound of the unit and make sure there is no abnormal noise
inside the unit.
3) 注意检查凝汽器、除氧器，高、低压加热器，闭式膨胀水箱水位变化，检查
发电机氢、油、水系统运行正常，各水温、油温、风温正常，其它各辅助设
备，系统运行正常。
3) Closely check the water level change of the condenser, deaerator, HP and
LP heater, closed expansion water tank. Check generator hydrogen, oil and
water system operation are normal. Water temperature, oil temperature
and air temperature is normal. Other auxiliaries are normal, and the system
operation is normal.

26
 4) 汽轮机上、下缸温差正常，各点金属温度正常。
4) Temperature difference between upper and lower casing is normal, metal
temperature of each points is normal.
2.3.7. 高压缸夹层加热系统的投入

2.3.7. Operation of HP casing interlayer heating system

1 机组冷态启动时，蒸汽加热装置投用
1. Put the steam heating device into operation when start up the unit in cold
state.
A 投用条件：
A Operation requirements:
① 原则上，机组冲转后500rpm时即可投入汽缸夹层、法兰、螺栓加热装置(也
可根据汽缸金属温度、高压缸胀及热胀等情况，可分别或延迟投入)。
① In principle, put casing interlayer, flange and bolts heating device into
operation when the rolling speed of the unit rises to 500rpm ( put into
operation respectively or lingeringly according to conditions of casing metal
temperature, HP casing expansion and thermal expansion).
B 投用方法
B Operation methods
① 开启各联箱及管道疏水门。
Open the drain valve of each header and pipe.
锅炉点火升压后达0.1Mpa，可暖管至高压缸夹层加热混温联箱，箱内温度为
主蒸汽温度，注意盘车情况和缸温。
② After the boiler ignition and pressure increase rises to 0.1MPa, warm up the
mixed temperature header’s temperature to the value of main steam
temperature. Pay attention to the turning gear condition and the casing
temperature.
③ 检查暖箱情况，夹层联箱的汽温要比高压外缸外下壁温度高100—150℃，法
螺联箱的汽温要比高、中压外缸法兰外壁温度高100—150℃。
③ Check the box warm-up condition, temperature of the interlayer
header is 100—150 ℃ more than the temperature of the lower wall of HP
external casing. Temperature of the flange bolt header is 100—150 ℃
higher than the temperature of flange external wall of the HP and IP casing.
④ 机组冲转时，开启高压上、下缸夹层进回汽门。
④ During the turbine rolling, open the steam inlet valves of IP lower casing,
and then open the steam inlet valves of IP upper casing.

27
⑤ Open the steam inlet valves of the HP upper and lower casing.
⑥ 调整汽缸加热进汽压力在0.2—0.3Mpa，注意保证各金属温差在允许范围内
⑥ Adjust pressure of the casing heating steam inlet to 0.2—0.3Mpa, carefully
keep the metal temperature difference of each part is within the permitted
range.
⑦ 开启高、中压上下法兰螺栓进汽门，并调整进汽压力在0.1Mpa左右，注意保
持各部金属温差在允许值内。
⑦ Open the steam inlet valves of the upper and lower flange of the HP and IP
casing, adjust the steam inlet pressure to about 0.1Mpa, and pay attention
to keep the metal temperature difference of each part is within the
permitted range.
⑧ 汽机全速后关闭汽加热联箱疏水门。
⑧ Close drain valves of the turbine heating header after steam turbine rotates
at full speed
⑨ 随着机组转速升高和接带负荷，汽缸夹层、法螺加热联箱内的压力逐渐提
高，夹层联箱压力应控制在0.5—1.5Mpa左右，最高不超过2.5Mpa，法螺联
箱压力应控制在0.6Mpa左右，最高不超过0.95Mpa。
⑨ Along with the rapid rising of rotating speed and load, pressure inside the
casing interlayer and heating header for flange bolt increases gradually,
pressure of interlayer header should be controlled around 0.5—1.5Mpa
with 2.5Mpa in maximum, pressure of flange bolt header should be
controlled at around 0.6Mpa with 0.95Mpa in maximum.
⑩ 当各部温差和差胀偏离正常范围较多时，除调整汽缸、法螺加热进汽门以及
联箱进汽门外，还应注意主、再热蒸汽温度偏高时应及时联系锅炉适当降
温。当高中压外缸下半高压进汽口处外壁金属温度超过350℃，高中压胀差
在允许范围以内，可停用汽加热装置。
⑩ When the deviation value of the temperature difference and the differential
expansion of each part exceeds too much from the normal range, regulate
casing, heating steam inlet valves of flange bolt, and header steam inlet
valves. Apart from that, pay attention to inform the boiler foreman to
decrease the temperature when the external casing metal temperature of
the lower semi HP steam inlet valves of the HP and IP casings exceeds
350℃.When the differential expansion inside the HP and IP casing is within
the normal range, stop the steam heating device.
2 机组温、热态启动时，汽加热装置的投用：
2 Activation of the steam heating device during unit warm and hot state

28
 startup:
温态启动时，应视各部金属温差、胀差等情况，可在汽缸温度开始上升时，投入
加热装置。当温差、胀差状况好转且稳定时，停止加热装置。
一般情况下热态和极热态启动不投入加热装置，除非在启动中高压负胀差增长过
快，作为一种应急措施可以投入低温汽源系统来冷却汽缸、法兰，缓解胀差负向增
长。
Pay attention to conditions of metal temperature difference and differential
expansion of each part during the unit warm state startup. Put the heating device
into operation when casing temperature begins to rise. Shut down the heating
device when the temperature difference and the differential expansion is back to
normal and stable.
Under normal conditions of the unit hot and warm state startup, heating device
does not need to be activated. If the HP negative differential expansion increases
so fast, activate the low temperature steam source system into operation as an
emergency method to cool casing and flange, and relief the differential expansion
negative increase.
3 投用汽加热注意事项：
3 Precautions during steam heating device activation
① 注意加热汽源过热度必须大于50℃。
① Pay attention to keep the superheating degree of heating steam source
above 50℃.
② 强调在汽缸夹层、法兰螺栓加热装置投入正常后，两混温联箱疏水门，关闭
后再开回半转。
② After normally activate the casing interlayer and the heating device for
flange bolt, close the drain valves of the twin mixed temperature headers
and return it to half open.
③ 投用前各部疏水应充分，汽温应符合要求，特别是热态启动。
③ Make sure the water drainage of each part is sufficient, steam temperature
meets the requirements before activation, especially the hot state startup.
2.3.8. 机组冷态启动

2.3.8. Turbine unit cold state startup

2.3.8.1. 检查汽轮机全部疏水阀应打开，全部进汽阀应关闭

2.3.8.1. Check all the turbine drain valves are opened and all steam inlet valves are
closed

2.3.8.2. 除氧器上水

29
 Fill water to deaerator
1) 检查凝结水系统各阀门、疏放水门已至要求状态。凝汽器通入除盐水，凝汽
器冲洗，水质合格后补水至正常水位；启动一台凝结水泵，凝结水打循环，
开启#5低加出口放水门(10LCA71AA001)，凝结水管路冲洗并排空气，联系
化学化验水质合格后，关闭放水门(10LCA71AA001)。
1) Check the valves of condensate system and drain valves are adjusted at
the required state. Fill the Condenser with demineralized water, flush the
condenser and make up water to normal level when the water quality
meets the requirements: Start up a condensate pump and make sure
condensate is circulating. Open the #5 LP heater outlet water discharge
valve(10LCA71AA001)to perform the condensate pipeline flushing and
discharge the air completely. Inform the chemical personnel to test the
water quality, after the quality meets the requirements, close the water
discharge valves (10LCA71AA001).
2) 开启#5低加出口门(10LCA70AA001)，向除氧器上水至正常水位，换水至除
氧器水质合格。
2) Open #5 LP heater outlet valves(10LCA70AA001)and fill water to normal
water level inside the deaerator, and then replace water until the deaerator
water quality meets the requirements.
3) 开启辅汽联箱至除氧器加热调节门(10LBG40AA101)，根据需要设定除氧器
压力，加热水温至炉上水要求。
3) Open the heating adjust valve(10LBG40AA101) from the auxiliary steam
header to the deaerator. Set the deaerator pressure according to
requirements and heat the water to the required temperature for boiler
water filling.
4) 根据分系统投运要求投运低压缸减温水及各凝结水用户。
4) Put the LP casing desuperheating water and the condensate into operation
according to the activation requirements of each system.
5) 启动一台给水泵，保证除氧器水温＞25℃，投入高加水侧，通过给水旁路调
节门(10LAB91AA301)向锅炉进水。
5) Start up one set of feedwater pump. Make sure the water temperature of
the deaerator is more than ＞25℃, and then put the HP heater water side
into operation and fill water to the boiler through the feedwater bypass
control valves.
2.3.8.3. 汽机抽真空

Turbine vacuum extraction

1) 启动两台真空泵，关闭真空破坏门(10LCJ20AA001)，检查凝汽器真空逐渐
30
 建立。
1) Start up two sets of vacuum pumps(10LCJ20AA001), close the vacuum
break valve and check if the condenser vacuum is established gradually.
2) 投入轴封蒸汽系统(投轴封前，一定确定投入盘车正常并记录汽缸金属温度、
差胀等参数)维持汽封母管压力为0.128Mpa，温度120～180℃。
2) Put the gland seal steam system into operation (before activation, make
sure the activation of turning gear is normal, and record the casing metal
temperature, expansion difference and others) keep the gland seal main
pipe in a constant pressure of 0.128MPa, temperature around 120-180℃.
3) 凝汽器真空达70kPa以上时，可停止一台真空泵运行，并注意真空变化。
3) When condenser vacuum is more than 70kPa, shut down one vacuum
pump and pay attention to the vacuum change.
2.3.8.4. 汽机挂闸

Turbine latching
(1) 检查抗燃油系统投运正常
(1) Check if the activation of fire resistance hydraulic oil system is normal
1) 抗燃油箱油位、抗燃油压正常。
1) Check if the level of the fire resistance hydraulic oil tank and the pressure
of the fire resistance hydraulic oil are normal.
2) 调整抗燃油温度>35℃。
2) Adjust the fire resistance hydraulic oil temperature> 35℃.
(2) 确认挂闸条件满足
(2) Make sure the latching requirements are met
1) DEH汽机允许挂闸光标亮。
1) DEH turbine latching permission icon is on.
2) 主蒸汽和再热蒸汽均有50℃以上过热度。
2) Main and reheated steam should both have the superheating degree more
than 50℃.
3) 汽轮机的有关冲转参数满足。
3) Related parameters for turbine rolling are met.
4) 关闭高旁阀开启低旁阀，等再热器压力降为0时，关闭低旁阀(关闭后注意再
热汽压力不应升高)。
4) Close HP bypass valves and open LP bypass valves. When the pressure of
reheater drops to 0, closed LP bypass valves (after closing, make sure the
reheater pressure will not increase).
(3) 打开DEH操作画面上的“TURBINE LATCH”窗口，复位ETS，按“LATCH TO

31
 TURBINE”下方的“YES”键，投入汽机保安系统，检查系统自动选为“高调门
控制”
(3) Open “TURBINE LATCH” window on operation display, reset ETS,
pressure “YES” button under “LATCH TO TURBINE”, put the safety system
of turbine and check the system has selected “ HP Governing Valve
Control” automatically.
(4) 确认安全油压建立，高、中压主汽门、中压调门缓慢开启，“汽机跳闸”光字
牌灭、CRT“安全油压低”光标灭。
(4) Make sure the safety oil pressure is established, open the HP and IP main
stop valves slowly, and then the Turbine Trip warning board and the CRT
Safety Oil Pressure Low will put off.
(5) 做主机跳闸通道模拟试验及各跳闸按钮试验合格。
(5) Carry out the turbine trip passage simulation test and the trip button test
and the results should meet the requirements.
(6) 主油箱放水检查无异常。
(6) Check if the main oil tank water discharge is normal.
2.3.8.5. 汽轮机冲转

2.3.8.5. Turbine rolling

(1) 冲转条件
(1) Rolling conditions
1) 所有辅助设备及系统运行正常，无禁止启动条件存在。
1) All the auxiliaries and the system operate normally and all the unit startup
requirements are met.
2) 汽轮发电机组已连续盘车2小时以上，且盘车电流、转子晃动度符合要求(晃
动度一般要求不大于原始值0.02mm)。
2) Turbine generator unit has carried out the continuous turning gear for more
than 2 hours and the turning gear current and the rotor swaying degree
meet the requirements (the swaying degree is supposed to below the
original value 0.02mm).
3) 冲转参数应稳定在下列值
3) The rolling parameters should be stabilized within the following value
主汽压力 1.96 MPa
Main steam pressure 1.96 MPa
主汽温度 280℃
Main steam temperature 280℃
再热汽温度 260℃

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Reheat steam temperature 260℃
抗燃油温 ＞35℃
Fire resistance hydraulic oil temperature ＞35℃
抗燃油压 12.0MPa
Fire resistance hydraulic oil pressure 12.0MPa
润滑油温 ＞35℃
Lube oil temperature ＞35℃
凝汽器真空 ＞70kPa
Condenser vacuum ＞70kPa
4) 化学化验蒸汽品质合格。
4) Inform the chemical personnel to analyze the steam quality.
(2) 设定中压调门开度限制值为100%，高压调门开度限制值120%。
(2) Set the IP control valve opening limiting value at 100% and set the HP
control valve opening limiting value at 120%.
(3) 确认DEH调门控制方式为“高调门控制”且为“单阀模式”。
(3) Make sure the DEH governing valve control mode is “HP Governing Valve
Control” and “Single Valve”.
(4) 设定目标转速为1100rpm，升速率为100rpm。
(4) Set the target rotating speed at 1100rpm and the speed increasing rate at
100rpm.
(5) 按“GO”键“GO”灯亮，“HOLD”灯灭，注意高压调门慢慢开启，确证机组开始
升速。
(5) Press “GO” button and the “GO” light is on, the ‘HOLD” light is off. Make
sure the HP governing valve is opened slowly and the unit begins speed
rising.
(6) 确认盘车装置自动脱扣，脱扣报警发出，并记录脱扣转速。否则应立即停
机。
(6) Make the turning gear disengaged automatically, the disengagement alarm
is sent out and the disengagement rotating speed is recorded. If not, shut
down immediately.
(7) 发电机开始转动后,即认为发电机及其全部设备均已带电,在定子回路及转子
回路上除《电业安全工作规程》允许的工作外,其余工作一律禁止。
(7) After the generator is rotating, it is considered that the generator and all the
equipment are electrified. Except the permissible work of the Electric Power
Industry Safe Work Regulation, it is not allowed to carry out other work on
the stator loop or the rotor loop.

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(8) 发电机升速过程中应注意氢气温度、氢气压力的变化，发电机应无摩擦声。
(8) During the speed rising of the generator, pay attention to the hydrogen
temperature, hydrogen pressure change, and the generator should have no
friction sound.
(9) 根据发电机氢气温度及时投入冷却器。
(9) Put the cooler into operation timely according to generator hydrogen
temperature.
(10) 当机组转速达500rpm时，按“HOLD”键“GO”灯灭、“HOLD”灯亮，机组
停止升速，对机组进行听音等全面检查并投入高压缸夹层及法兰螺栓加热装
置，5分钟后按“GO”键继续升速。若机组需要进行摩擦检查时，应在此转速
下迅速切断汽轮机的进汽，在5min内进行摩擦检查，仔细倾听汽轮机内部的
声音，确认通流部分无摩擦，各轴承回油正常后可立即向1100rpm升速。
(10) When unit rotating speed reaches to 500rpm, press “HOLD” button,
“GO” light will be off and the “HOLD” light will be on. The unit stops speed
rising. Inspect the unit thoroughly by the way of hearing the sound, and put
the heating device of flange bolt into operation. Press the “GO” button to
continue speed rising after 5 min. If the unit needs to do friction check, cut
off the steam admission of turbine under this rotating speed quickly, and
carry out friction check within 5min, listen to the sound inside the turbine
carefully, and make sure there is no friction in flow part. Increase rotating
speed to 1100rpm immediately after oil return of all bearings is normal.
(11) 当机组转速达1100rpm时，“GO”灯灭，机组应自动停止升速，并进行
40分钟暖机(中速暖机结束时，汽缸总膨胀应在4.0mm以上，中压缸开始膨
胀)。
(11) When unit rotating speed reaches to 1100rpm, unit should stop the
speed rising automatically and carry out warming for 40min (after the
operation of medium-speed warming is stopped, the casing total expansion
should be more than 4.0mm, and the IP casing should start to expand).
(12) 当暖机结束，设定目标转速3000rpm，升速率100～150rpm，进行升
速。(升速过程中注意1200 rpm顶轴油泵应自停，否则手动停止，严格注意
机组振动，特别是过临界区间时，振动值不大于0.1mm，凝汽器真空度高于
81.4Kpa时投入真空低跳机保护。)
(12) When the warming up is finished, set targeted rotating speed at
3000rpm, increase the velocity to be among 100-150rpm to increase the
speed.( During the process of speed increasing, pay attention to the 1200
rpm jacking oil pump stops automatically, or do manual shutdown. Closely
monitor the unit vibration when reaching the critical range, make sure the

34
 vibration value is less than 0.1mm. Put the low vacuum trip protection into
operation when the condenser vacuum height reaches to 81.4Kpa).
(13) 当机组转速升至3000rpm时，“GO”灯灭、“HOLD”灯亮,确认机组自动停
止升速。
(13) When the unit rotating speed rises to 3000rpm, “GO” light is off and
“HOLD” light is off, then make sure the unit speed rising is stopped
automatically.
(14) 全面检查机组无异常，主油泵工作正常，汇报值长停高压启动油泵并进
行20分钟暖机，停止高压油泵时注意油轮泵出口油压及润滑油压，监视油压
及轴承温度变化。
(14) Check the unit completely and make sure it is normal. Main oil pump
should work normally. Report to the foreman to stop HP startup oil pump
and heat the unit for 20 minutes (shut down the HP oil pump slowly and
steadily, monitor the oil pressure variation, make sure the connection is free,
and prevent the oil cut-off from burning and damaging the bearing pad).
(15) 检查发电机氢系统,密封油系统等均应正常。
(15) Check if the generator hydrogen system and the seal oil system are
normal.
(16) 进行润滑油压力开关试验，真空压力开关试验，模拟超速试验，汽轮机
动态打闸实验。
(16) Carry out the lube oil pressure switch test, vacuum switch test, the
simulation overspeed test and the steam turbine dynamic latch off test.
(17) 进行彻底的设备检查，如果阶段性试验和这些检查都良好时，汽轮机可
以准备进入同步运行。
(17) Thoroughly inspect the equipment, and if the stage test and those
inspections are fine, the steam turbine can be ready to enter the
synchronization operation.
(18) 投入各低压加热器运行。
(18) Put each LP heater into operation.
(19) 高压加热器可以随机投入(投入时注意2#高加的投入一定要缓慢，避免
造成温升过快及振动)。
(19) Put the HP heater into operation randomly (put the #2 HP heater
slowly to prevent from the temperature increasing so fast or vibrating during
the activation).
(20) 联系化学投用精处理装置。
(20) Inform the chemical personnel to put the polishing device into operation.
2.3.8.6. 汽机冲转升速的注意事项

35
2.3.8.6. Precautions during speed rising of turbine rolling

(1) 升速必须按照所给出的启动曲线进行。
(1) The speed rising should be carried out according to the given startup curve.

36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
(2) 汽机冲转升速、暖机过程中，应尽量保持汽压、汽温及水位等参数稳定。
(2) During turbine rolling speeds rising and warming up, maintain the
parameters such as steam pressure, steam temperature and water level
stable.
(3) 进入汽轮机的蒸汽至少有50℃的过热度，且应高于汽缸最高壁温50～70℃。

44
(3) The steam which enters the turbine should have the superheating degree
at least 50℃ and the steam temperature should be 50-70℃ more than the
casing highest wall temperature.
(4) 在升速过程中，若要保持转速，按 “HOLD”即可。但严禁在临界转速区停
留。
(4) During the speed rising, press the HOLD to maintain the rotating speed.
But it is not allowed to stay within the critical rotating speed zone.
(5) 冲转过程中应加强对各轴振的监视，临界区内任一处轴振超过100μm，汽轮
机自动跳闸，否则手动打闸停机，临界转速以下轴瓦振动应不大于30μm，
否则打闸停机处理，额定转速不大于50μm。
(5) During the rolling, closely monitor the shaft vibration and if any shaft
vibration inside the critical range is more than 100μm, the turbine would trip
automatically, if not, do it manually. Keep the bearing vibration frequency
within the critical speed and less than 30μm, otherwise, shut down the unit
and keep the rotating speed less than 50μm.
(6) 检查汽机本体、管道无水冲击及异常振动现象。
(6) Check if the turbine body and pipelines have any water shock or abnormal
vibration.
(7) 及时调节螺栓及法兰加热蒸汽，使汽温与参考金属温度匹配，同时注意胀差
及缸温的变化，使汽轮机各金属温差在规定范围内。
(7) Adjust the heating device of flange and bolt in time, keep the steam
temperature with metal temperature matched, pay attention to the variation
of differential and casing temperature, keep temperature difference of each
metal of the steam turbine within the set range.
(8) 检查汽缸膨胀、差胀，轴向位移，上下缸温差，内外缸温差，润滑油温，润
滑油压及各轴承金属温度，各瓦润滑油压正常。
(8) Check if the casing expansion, differential expansion, axial displacement,
temperature difference between upper and lower casing, temperature
difference between inner and outer casing, lube oil temperature, lube oil
pressure, bearing metal temperature and the bearing pad lube oil pressure
are normal.
(9) 注意旁路及各辅机的运行情况。
(9) Pay attention to the operation of the bypass and the auxiliary operation.
(10) 注意凝汽器真空及发电机油/氢差压的变化。
(10) Pay attention to the changes of condenser vacuum and the generator
oil/hydrogen pressure.
(11) 根据凝结水水质情况，可开启放水门(10LCA71AA001)进行换水。

45
 (11) Start up the water discharge valve(10LCA71AA001)to change the water
according to the condensate quality.
2.3.8.7. 机组并网带初负荷

2.3.8.7. Unit synchronization and initial load carrying

1) 确认机组运行正常，无禁止并网条件存在，汇报值长机组并网
1) Make sure unit operation is normal without any conditions which forbid the
unit synchronization, and then report to shift leader to carry out the
synchronization.
2) 依值长命令，按照典型操作票进行发电机并列，当DEH控制画面允许同期指
示灯亮时，投入同期控制方式。
2) According to the command of foreman, conduct synchronization to
generator based on typical operation permit. When the synchronization
permit indicator on DEH control display is on, activate synchronous control
mode.
3) 发 电 机 并 网 后 ， 确 认 机 组 负 荷 自 动 以 升 负 荷 率 5MW/min 升 至 最 低 负 荷
5MW。一旦机组已经同步且负荷达到5MW，自动同步装置立即关闭，检查
DEH同期控制方式自动退出，将汽机控制方式切为“负荷调节”方式。
3) After generator synchronization, make sure that the unit load is
automatically increased to the lowest load of 5MW according to the load
increasing rate of 5MW/min. Once the unit is synchronized and the load is
5 MW, the automatic synchronization device would be closed immediately.
Check DEH synchronous control mode is deactivated automatically, and
switch the turbine control mode into “load control” mode.
2.3.8.8. 机组升负荷

2.3.8.8. Unit load increasing

1) 应严格按照启动曲线来升负荷。
1) Increase the load strictly according to the startup curve.
2) 机组负荷达到25MW以后,机组进行40 min暖机.
2) When unit load is 25MW, heat the unit for 40min.
3) 暖机结束，机组以1.0MW/min的升负荷率升负荷到50MW，在升负荷期间主
汽压力以0.098Mpa/min的升压率升压至3.92Mpa，汽机在50MW负荷暖机20
min。
3) After the warming up is finished, the unit increases the load to 50MW at the
rate of 1.0MW/min. During the load increases, the main steam pressure
increases to 3.92MPa at the rate of 0.098Mpa/min, and the turbine at
50MW is warmed up for 20min.

46
4) 根据7#低加水位及时启动低加疏水泵，检查其运行正常。
4) Start up the drain water pump according to the water level of the 7# LP
heater and check if it operates normally.
5) 如果高压外下缸及中压进汽口处外下缸温度达到350℃和汽机胀差稳定后，
停运高压夹层和法兰螺栓加热系统。
5) Stop the heating system of flange and bolt, after the temperature of the HP
external lower casing and IP steam inlet external lower casing rises to 350
℃ and the turbine differential expansion is stable.
6) 50MW负荷暖机结束后，机组以1.0MW/min的升负荷率升负荷到100MW，在
升 负 荷 期 间 主 汽 压 力 以 0.048Mpa/min 的 升 压 率 升 压 至 6.26Mpa ，机组 在
100MW负荷暖机35min。
6) After the warming up at 50MW is finished, the unit load increases to100MW
at the rate of 1.0MW/min. During the load increases, the main steam
pressure increases to 6.26Mpa at the rate of 0.048Mpa/min, and the unit
will be heated for 35min at the load of 100MW.
7) 在升负荷期间，4段抽汽压力达0.147MPa时，4段抽汽电动门自动开启，除
氧器汽源自动由辅汽切至4段抽汽供。
7) During the load increases, and the pressure of the 4th-stage extraction
reaches to 0.147MPa, the 4th-stage extraction steam electrical-operated
valve is opened automatically and the deaerator steam source will be
switched from the auxiliary steam to the 4th-stage extraction steam.
8) 当机组负荷＞25%额定负荷时检查关闭汽机主再蒸汽管道、汽机本体疏水、
有关抽汽管道疏水及低压缸喷水阀。
8) When unit load is more than 25% of rated load ， Check and close the
valves on turbine main and reheated steam pipelines, turbine body drain
water, related extraction pipeline drain water and the LP casing water spray
valves.
9) 检查冷再压力大于1.0MPa，温度大于320℃时，高压辅汽联箱倒至由再热冷
段供汽。
9) Check if the cold reheater pressure is more than 1.0MPa and the
temperature is more than 320℃, the HP auxiliary steam header is switched
to reheat cold section steam supply.
10) 在60MW负荷时给水由30%给水旁路手动切换为给水主路运行，等汽包水位
稳定后，投入三冲量自动调节。在100MW负荷暖机期间，启动另一台循环
水泵。
10) When the unit operates at the load of 60MW, feedwater is manually

47
 switched from the 30% feedwater bypass to feedwater main pass. After the
steam drum water level is stable, put the three-element automatic
adjustment into operation. During the unit warming up at the load of
100MW, start up another circulating water pump.
11) 检查4段抽汽压力大于0.8MPa时，辅汽联箱倒至由4段抽汽供汽。
11) When the pressure of the 4th-stage extraction steam is more than 0.8MPa,
the steam supply should be switched from auxiliary steam header to the
4th-stage steam extraction.
12) 100MW负荷暖机结束后，机组以1.2MW/min的升负荷率升负荷，同时在升
负荷期间，主汽压力以0.098Mpa/min的升压率升压到12.7Mpa。
12) After the unit warming up at the load of 100MW is finished, the unit load
increase at the rate of 1.2MW/min. During the unit load increases, the main
steam pressure increases to 12.7Mpa at the rate of 0.098Mpa/min.
13) 根据机组情况投入汽机跟随控制方式。
13) Put the turbine follow mode into operation according to unit condition.
14) 联系热控投入CCS协调及RB控制系统。
14) Inform I&C personnel to put the CCS coordination and RB control system
into operation.
15) 机组负荷至190MW时，改定压运行。汇报调度投入AGC控制系统，同时注
意AGC负荷指令及机组负荷变化情况。
15) When unit load is increased to 190MW, change to the constant pressure
operation mode. Report to the dispatch personnel to put the AGC control
system into operation and pay attention to the AGC load command and the
unit load change.
16) 机组负荷大于80%额定负荷时，根据要求将“单阀模式”且为“顺序阀模式”。
16) When the unit load is more than 80% of the set load, switch the “single
valve mode” into the “sequence valve mode” according to the requirements.
17) 机组升负荷到220MW对机组进行一次全面检查，汇报。
17) After the unit load increases to 220MW, carry out a complete inspection of
the unit and report the inspection.
2.3.8.9. 机组升负荷中注意事项

2.3.8.9. Precautions during unit load increasing

1) 主、再蒸汽温度变化率、升负荷率必须严格按照机组启动曲线执行，DEH应
力限制功能必须投入。
1) Carry out the main and reheated steam temperature change rate and the
load increasing rate strictly according to the unit startup curve, and the

48
 DEH stress limiting function must be put into operation.
2) 汽轮机转子热应力、各金属温度变化率、汽缸上下壁温差、汽缸内外壁温
差，变化趋势正常。
2) The variation tendency of turbine rotor thermal stress, metal temperature
change rate, differential temperature between the upper and lower casing
and differential temperature between the inner and outer casing should be
normal.
3) 汽机绝对膨胀、各缸差胀、轴向位移、振动及轴承温度等参数在正常范围
内。
3) Parameters such as turbine absolute expansion, differential expansion of
each casing, axial displacement, and vibration and bearing temperature
should be within the normal range.
4) 各油温、风温、氢温、水温及各轴承进油压力在正常范围内。
4) The oil temperature, air temperature, hydrogen temperature, water
temperature and the inlet oil pressure of each bearing should be within the
normal range.
5) 联系化学加强对汽水品质的监视，不合格及时进行处理。
5) Inform the chemical personnel to closely monitor the steam and water
quality, and if the water quality does not meet the requirements, carry out
the treatment timely.
6) 在机组启动过程中，及时投入各自动装置。
6) During the unit startup, put the automatic device into operation in time.
7) 无论何时检测到加热器高水位时，相应的抽汽逆止阀必须关闭。
7) Whenever the heater water level is high, the corresponding extraction
check valve must be closed.
2.3.9. 机组温态以上的启动

2.3.9. Units startup above warm state

2.3.9.1. 启动通用规定

2.3.9.1. Startup common regulations

1) 机组温态、热态、极热态启动除遵守下列规定外，其余按冷态启动规定执
行。
1) During unit warm, hot and super hot state startup, besides the following
regulations, execute according the cold state startup regulations.
2) 汽轮机应先送轴封后抽真空。
2) For turbine, put the gland seal into operation first and then extract vacuum.
3) 汽机必须保证连续盘车4小时以上，且转子晃动度符合要求。
49
 3) Ensure the turning gear should be running continuously for 4 hours and the
rotor swaying degree should meet the requirements.
4) 主、再热蒸汽温度大于高、中压缸最高金属温度50℃以上，且有50℃以上过
热度时，才能投入汽机保安系统。
4) When main and reheated steam temperature is 50 ℃ higher than the HP
and IP casing metal temperature and the superheating degree should be
more than 50℃, the turbine safety system can be put into operation.
5) 主汽、热再、冷再管道启动疏水开启30分钟以上后，才可冲转汽轮机。
5) Start up the drain water system of the main steam and hot reheated steam
and the cold reheater pipelines for more than 30min, and then carry out the
turbine rolling
6) 机组冲转参数必须严格按高、中压缸金属温度所对应的启动曲线执行。
6) Unit rolling parameters should be strictly abided by according to the
corresponding startup curves of the HP and IP casing metal temperature.
7) 机组500rpm检查正常后，可直接将目标转速设定在3000rpm。
7) Directly set the target rotating speed at 3000rpmwhenthe unit runs
normallyat 500rpm.
8) 机组冲转后，应尽快地升速、并网、带负荷，以控制各金属部件的温升率、
上下缸温差和各缸差胀不超限值。
8) After unit rolling, carry out the speed rising, synchronization and load
carrying quickly to control the metal component temperature rising rate, the
temperature difference between the upper and lower casing and the
expansion differencewithin the limit value.
2.3.9.2. 温态启动的规定

2.3.9.2. Warm state startup regulations

(1) 机组冲转条件
(1) Unit rolling conditions
1) 启动润滑交流油泵，高压顶轴油泵，使润滑油系统处于正常工作状态。
1) Start AC lube oil pump and HP jacking oil pump to ensure a normal
condition of lube oil system.
2) 机组处于盘车状态，且至少连续盘车4小时。
2) The turning gear must be in operation for at least 4hours.
3) 机 组 冲 转 前 ， 必 须 先 投 入 汽 封 系 统 辅 助 汽 源 。 维 持 汽 封 母 管 压 力 为
0.128Mpa,温度为150℃~250℃。
3) Put auxiliary steam source of sealing system into service before unit rolling.
Keep steam sealmain pipe pressure at 0.128Mpa, temperature between

50
 150℃-250℃.
4) 汽封系统正常投运后，建立凝汽器真空，要求凝汽器压力达到30Kpa以下。
4) Establish condenser vacuum after putting sealing system into
servicenormally and ensure thecondenser pressurebelow 30KPa.
5) 各管道和本体疏水门全开。
5) Piping and drain valves are all open.
(2) 启动参数和过程
(2) Startup parameters and procedures
推荐采用(图二)中所示曲线作为高压缸温态启动的示范曲线。
The curve given in fig. 2 is recommended to use as the typical curve of warm
startup.
温态启动曲线的构成与冷态滑参数曲线基本一致。它给出了主蒸汽、再热蒸汽温
度，主蒸汽压力，转速，负荷五条曲线，规定了冲动、升速、并网、接带初始负荷、
暖机、增加到额定负荷等阶段各项参数的数值及其变化率和相互对应关系。
The constituent of warm startupcurve is basic compliance with curve of cold
startupsliding parameter. It gives five curves of main steam temperature, reheated
steam temperature, main steam pressure, rotating speed, and load and specify the
value, variable rate and each other relationship of each parameters in stage of
impulsing, speed rising, interconnection, bring with initial load, warming-up and
increasing to rated load.
(图二)是汽缸温度300℃时的启动示范曲线，反映了以下内容
Fig. 2 is the typical curve of startup when the temperature of casing is 300℃, it
expresses following content:
1) 冲动参数为主蒸汽压力5.90Mpa，主蒸汽温度400℃，再热蒸汽温度380℃。
1) The rolling parameter is:
Main steampressure: 5.90MPa
Main steamtemperature:,400℃
Reheated steam temperature:380℃.
2) 从冲动到100MW 负荷暖机结束，主蒸汽温度压力一直保持5.90Mpa基本不
变。从100MW负荷提升到180MW负荷过程中，主蒸汽压力从5.90Mpa上升
到12.70Mpa,压力变化率为0.35Mpa/min。
2) From rolling start to warming-up with 100MW load, the pressure of main
steam always keeps approximately 5.90MPa. In the process from 100MW
load rising to 170MW, the pressure is raised from 5.90MPa to 12.70MPa,
the variable rate of pressure is 0.35MPa/min.
3) 从冲动到120MW负荷区间，包含100MW下暖机，主蒸汽、再热蒸汽温度持续上升
到额定温度535℃，平均主蒸汽温升率为1.42℃/min ，平均再热蒸汽温升率为1.63

51
 ℃/min。
3) From rolling start to carrying120MW load, the speed rising rate is
100r/min/min, include warming under 100MW, the temperature of main and
reheated steam continuously is raised to 535℃ rated temperature, average
temperature rising rate of main steam is 1.42 ℃/min, average temperature
rising rate of reheated steam is 1.63℃/min, .
4) 从冲动到500r/min，升速率为每分钟100r/min；500r/min时停机检查约5min。从
500r/min提升到3000r/min时，升速率为每分钟170r/min，通过临界转速时应迅速、
平稳。
4) In the rolling process from 0r/min to 500r/min, speed rising rate is
100r/min/min, stop and inspect 5min at 500r/min. From 500r/min rising to
3000r/min, the speed rising rate is 170r/min/min. It shall be rapidly and
smoothly through the critical rotating speed.
5) 汽轮发电机并网后以3MW /min的速率增加负荷到100MW，在此水平暖机20min。
然后以4MW /min的速率增加到额定负荷220MW。由于(图二)为汽缸在300℃，即温
态启动规定温度的高限值下的启动，所以未在汽缸温度所对应的负荷下暖机。实际
温态启动过程中，应根据锅炉的配合状况、汽轮机各部分的温差、胀差、金属温升
率等情况，决定是否有必要在初始负荷下停留、暖机。
5) After the turbine generator is interconnected, increase load up to 100MW
with 3MW/min speed rising rate, then increase load up to 220MW rated
load with same rate. Because fig. 2 is startup of casing at 300 ℃ , i.e.
startup under high limit of specified temperature of warm startup, it is not
warming under the load related to temperature of casing. In the process of
actual warm startup, it is decided whether need the startup and warming-up
under initial load depended upon the matching state of boiler, temperature
deference and expansion deference for each part of the turbine,
temperature rising rate of metal.
6) 汽缸温度在150℃到300℃间的温态启动，原则上可遵从(图二)温态启动曲线
的规定，根据具体的汽缸温度情况，冲动参数和各种参数变化率可在冷态滑
参数启动曲线(图一)和温态启动曲线(图二)所规定的数值之间适当地选取。
6) In principle, the warm startup within 150~300℃ casing temperature may be
complied with the stipulation of warm startup curve in fig. 2. The impulsing
parameter and variable rate of parameter may be properly selected within
the value specified in cold starting curve of sliding parameter (fig. 1) and
warm starting curve (fig. 2).
7) 汽轮机温态启动，当汽缸温度为300℃时，从冲动到满负荷需用120min。
7) When the temperature of casing is 300 ℃, the warm startup of the turbine

52
 need 120min from rolling up to full load.
(3) 启动过程中注意点：
(3) Attention during startup
1) 机组冲转后，盘车装置应自动脱开，否则应立即停机。
1) After the unit rolling up, the barring gear shall trip automatically. Shutdown
otherwise.
2) 500r/min检查确认机组一切正常后，以170r/min的升速率升至额定转速。凝
汽器压力不大于12Kpa，投低真空保护。排汽温度大于80℃时，低压缸喷水
系统应能自动投入，否则应手动投入。定速后，机组无异常即可并网带负
荷。
2) Check all are in normal condition in 500r/min; raise speed to rated speed
with a ratio of 170r/min. LP spray system shall be automatically put into
service when the exhaust temperature exceeds 80 ℃ . Put vacuum trip
device into service when the condenser pressure is lower than 12KPa.
Synchronize when the speed is constant.
3) 当机组负荷达到25%额定负荷时，分别关闭各段疏水阀。
3) Close drain valves in 25% rated load.
4) 若机组在一阶临界转速以下轴承盖振动超过0.03mm，应立即打闸停机，投
入连续盘车。查明原因，消除故障后方可重新启动。
4) When the displacement of bearing exceeds 0.03mm before the rotating
speed reaches 1st critical speed, shut down immediately and find the
cause. Restart after clearing the faults.
5) 根据缸温和胀差情况投入和切除夹层加热装置。
5) Put interlayer heat system into practice or shut it down according to casing
temperature and differential.
2.3.9.3. 热态及极热态启动规定

2.3.9.3. Hot state and super hot state startup regulations

(1) 机组冲转条件
(1) Unit rolling conditions
1) 启动润滑交流油泵，高压顶轴油泵，使润滑油系统处于正常工作状态。
1) Start AC lube oil pump and HP jacking oil pump to ensure a normal
condition of lube oil system.
2) 机组从停机至再次启动这段时间，应处于连续盘车状态。
2) During the period of unit shutdown to restart, the turning gear must be in
continuously running.
3) 机组冲转前必须先投入汽封辅助汽源，然后抽真空。维持汽封母管压力

53
 0.128Mpa,供汽温度250℃~350℃。
3) Put auxiliary steam source of sealing system into service before unit rolling,
and then extract vacuum.Keep steam sealmain pipe pressure at 0.128Mpa,
temperature between 250℃~350℃.
4) 汽封系统正常投运后，应建立凝汽器真空，要求凝汽器压力达到 30kpa以
下。
4) Establish condenser vacuum after putting sealing system into serviceand
keep condenser pressure below 30KPa.
5) 各管道和本体疏水门全开。
5) Piping and drain valves are all open.
(2) 启动参数和过程
(2) Startup parameters and procedure
推荐采用(图三)中所示曲线作为热态启动的示范曲线。
The curve given in fig. 3 is recommended to use as the typical curve of hot
startup.
热态启动曲线的构成与温态启动相一致，只是在各种参数及其变化率上不同于温
态启动曲线上的数值。(图三)为汽轮机汽缸温度在380℃时的启动曲线，(图三)反映了
以下内容：
The constituent of hot startup is compliance with curve of warm startup, only its
value differs from the value in curve of warm startup on each parameters and
variable rate. Fig. 3 is the curve of startup when the temperature of casing is 380℃,
it expresses following content:
1) 冲动时的蒸汽参数为主蒸汽压力7.84Mpa，主蒸汽温度480℃，再热蒸汽温度
460℃。
1) Therolling parameter is:
Main steampressure:7.84MPa
Main steamtemperature480℃
Reheated steamtemperature460℃.
2) 从冲动到接带50%负荷左右暖机结束，要求主蒸汽压力保持7.84Mpa基本不
变，从50%负荷增加到80%左右负荷过程中，主蒸汽压力逐渐上升到额定值
12.70Mpa，压力增长率0.33Mpa/min。
2) Warming-up process lasts from rolling up to about 50% load, the
pressure of main steam is always kept at approximately 7.84MPa. In the
process from 50% load rising to about 80% load, the pressure gradually is
raised to 12.70MPa rated value, the variable rate of pressure is
0.33MPa/min.

54
 3) 从冲动到500r/min过程中，升速率为每分钟100r/min，500r/min下停留检查
5min。从500r/min提升到3000r/min时得升速率为每分钟200r/min,通过临界
转速时应平稳。
3) in therollingprocessfrom 0r/min to 500r/min, the speed rising rate is
100r/min/min, inspect 5min at 500r/min. From 500r/min to 3000r/min, the
speed rising rate is 200r/min/min. It shall be steady and smooth through the
critical rotating speed.
4) 并网后以5MW/min速率增加负荷到100MW，暖机10min。然后以6 MW/min速率增
加负荷到220MW。
4) After the unit is synchronized, increase load up to 100MW with 5MW/min
speed raising rate, warming-up is 10min, then increase load up to 220MW
with a rate of 6MW/min.
5) 汽轮机从冲动到接带额定负荷需用90min。
5) Warming-up of turbine needs 90min from rolling start to rated loading.
推荐采用(图四)中所示曲线作为高压缸极热态启动的示范曲线。
The curve given in fig. 4 is recommended to be used as the typical curve of
very hot startup.
图四是汽轮机汽缸温度在400℃~450℃间的启动曲线，当缸温超过450℃以上时
冲动的蒸汽温度可选择为额定值535℃，主蒸汽压力可选择在9.8Mpa到12.7Mpa之
间。
Fig.4 is the startup curve when the casing temperature is between 400℃ and
450 ℃. When casing temperature exceeds 450 ℃ , use rated parameters of 535 ℃
/9.8MPa to12.7MPa as rollingparameters.
图四反映了以下内容：
Fig.4 expresses following content:
1) 冲动时蒸汽参数为主蒸汽压力9.8Mpa，主蒸汽温度500℃，再热蒸汽温度
480℃。
1) The rolling parameter is:
Main steampressure:9.8MPa
Main steamtemperature: 500℃
Reheated steamtemperature:480℃
2) 从冲动到接带100MW负荷暖机结果要求主蒸汽压力保持9.8Mpa基本不变。
从 100MW 负 荷 提 升 200MW 负 荷 ， 主 蒸 汽 压 力 从 9.8Mpa 逐 渐 提 升 到
12.65Mpa，压力增长率为0.24Mpa/min。
2) From rolling start to warming-up with 100MW load, the pressure of main
steam always keeps approximately 9.8MPa. In the process from 100MW

55
 load rising to 200MW, the pressure is raised from 9.8MPa to 12.65MPa; the
variable rate of pressure is 0.24MPa/min.
3) 从冲动到接带200MW负荷，主蒸汽温度从500℃逐渐上升到535℃，温升率为0.55
℃/min，再热蒸汽温度从480℃逐渐上升到535℃，温升率为0.85℃/min。
3) From rolling start to carrying200MW load, the temperature of main steam is
raised from 500℃ to 535℃ with a rate of 0.55℃/min, while that of reheated
steam is raised from 480℃ to 535℃ with a rate of 0.85℃/min.
4) 冲动到500r/min过程中，升速率为200r/min，停留检查5 min。从500r/min提
升到3000r/min过程中，升速率为200r/min。通过临界转速时应迅速、平稳。
4) In therolling process from 0 r/minto 500r/min, speed rising rate is 200r/min,
inspect 5min at 500r/min. From 500r/min to 3000r/min, the speed rising rate
is 200r/min/min. the unit should run rapidly and smoothly through the
critical speed.
5) 在100MW以下，提升负荷率为6.7MW/min，100MW负荷下暖机10min，在
100MW以上提升负荷率为8MW/min。
5) Load increasing rate is 6.7MW/min below 100MW. Warm up for 10min at
100MW. Load increasing rate is 8MW/min above 100MW.
6) 一般情况下，从汽轮机冲动到额定负荷需用70 min。
6) In general condition, it will take 70min from rolling start to rated load.
(3) 启动过程中注意点：
(3) Precautions during startup
1) 组冲转后，盘车装置应自动脱开，否则应立即停机。
1) After the unit rolling, the turning gear should be disengaged automatically.
Otherwise,shutdown.immediately.
2) 汽缸温度超过350℃时，高、低温轴封供汽可以同时分别送入。
2) Gland steam of high and low temperature can be supplied simultaneously
and separately when casing temperature exceeds 350℃.
3) 速后，机组无异常应立即可并网带负荷。
3) Synchronize when the speed is constant and the unit is in normal condition.
4) 汽器压力不大于12kpa，投低真空保护。排汽温度大于80℃时，低压缸喷水
系统应能自动投入，否则应手动投入。
4) LP casing spray water system shall be automatically put into service when
the exhaust steamtemperature exceeds 80 ℃ . Put lowvacuum protection
into service when the condenser pressure is lower than 12KPa.
5) 机组负荷达到25%额定负荷时，分别关闭各段疏水阀。
5) Close drain valve of each section seperatelywhen the load reaches to 25%
of rated load.
56
 6) 机组在一阶临界转速以下轴承盖振动超过0.03mm，应立即打闸停机，投入连续盘
车。查明原因，消除故障后方可重新启动。
6) When the vibration of bearing exceeds 0.03mm before the rotating speed
reaches 1st critical speed, shut down immediately and find the cause.
Restart after clearing the faults.
2.4. 汽轮机运行维护

2.4. Turbine operation and maintenance

57
 2.4.1. 常运行参数及控制指标

2.4.1. Normal operation parameters and control index

名称 单位 正常 高 高高 低 低低 动作值 备注

Name Unit Norma H HH L LL Remarks

Action value
14.02 12.2 主汽压力达到 15.3Mpa 时应打闸停
主蒸汽压力 MPa 12.75 15.3
机
14.02 Shutdown unit as main steam
Main steam pressure MPa 12.75 15.3 12.2
pressure reaches to 15.3 Mpa.
549 ℃ 温 度 下 连 续 运 行 时 间 应 小 于
min；549～563℃温度下连续运行小
主蒸汽温度 ℃ 535 549 563 490 450
于 15 分钟，全年小于 80h 温度低于
450℃无法恢复应打闸停机。

The continuous running time under

9℃ should be less than 30min; Less
Main steam temperature ℃ 535 549 563 490 450 an 15min when it is 549-563 ℃ ;
utdown unit when under 450℃ state
aches 80h annually.

主蒸汽流量 t/h 660 693

Main steam flow t/h 660 693
2.616
再热汽压力 MPa 2.3025

2.616
reheated steam pressure MPa 2.302

58
 549 ℃ 温 度 下 连 续 运 行 时 间 应 小 于
min；549～563℃温度下连续运行小
再热汽温度 ℃ 535 549 563 490 450
于 15 分钟，全年小于 80h 温度低于
0℃无法恢复应打闸停机。
The continuous running time under
9 ℃ is less than 30min; Less than
reheated steam pressure ℃ 535 549 563 490 450 min when it is 549-563℃; Shutdown
it when under 450 ℃ state reaches
h annually.
高压缸排汽压力 MPa 2.6163
HP casing exhaust steam
MPa 2.616
pressure
-
-85.3 时 开 始 减 负 荷 ， 如 果 无 法 恢
凝汽器真空 KPa -91.3 -80.4 -80.4(跳机机)
复，应 60 分钟内停机

Reduceloadwhen it is -85.3.
Condenser vacuum KPa -91.3 -80.4 -80.4 (Trip)
Otherwise shutdown in 60min.
80℃减温水 80℃自动投减温水且到 100℃时手
低压缸排汽温度 ℃ ＜50 80 100
自投 动停机

80 ℃ (Put the
Put the desuperheating water
LP casing exhaust steam desuperheating ystem into operation. Shut down
℃ ＜50 80 100
temperature water systemmanually when it is 100℃.
into operation)
10.45
调节级压力 MPa

59
 10.45
Governing stage pressure MPa

1.0 或
轴向位移 mm +0.6 +1.0 -1.0 －1.2 - -1.2 跳机

Axial displacement mm +0.6 +1.0 -1.0 -1.2 1.0 or -1.2 Trip

瓦振动 mm ≤0.03
Bearing vibration mm ≤0.03
高压缸差胀 mm +4 +5.5 -1 -1.5 -1.5 或+5.5 跳机
HP differential expansion mm +4 +5.5 -1 -1.5 -1.5 or +5.5 Trip
中压缸差胀 mm +3 +3.5 -1.8 -2.5 -2.5 或+3.5 跳机
IP differential expansion mm +3 +3.5 -1.8 -2.5 -2.5 or +3.5 Trip
低压差胀 mm +5 +7 -2 -3.0 -3.0 或+7 跳机
LP differential expansion mm +5 +7 -2 -3.0 -3.0 or +7 Trip
汽机支持轴承金属温度 ℃ <85
Turbine support bearing metal
℃ <85
temperature
推力轴承温度 ℃ <95
Thrust bearing temperature ℃ <95
推力轴承回油温度 ℃ ＜65
Thrust bearing return oil
℃ ＜65
temperature
汽轮机转速 rpm 3000 3090 3300 3300 跳机

60
 电超速保护
动作
3300 electrical
overspeed
Turbine rotating speed rpm 3000 3090 3300 Trip
protection
activates.

0.078～ 0.05
润滑油压 Mpa 0.03 0.03 跳机
0.147
0.078-
Lubeoil pressure Mpa 0.05 0.03 0.03 Trip
0.147
主润滑油箱油位 mm 0 +140 -140 -140 手动停机
Main lubeoil tank level mm 0 +140 -140 -140 manual shutdown
EH 油压 Mpa 14±0.5 16.2 11.2 9.8 9.8 跳机
EH oil pressure Mpa 14±0.5 16.2 11.2 9.8 9.8 Trip
EH 油箱油位 mm 230 跳机
EH oiltank level mm 230 Trip

61
2.4.2. 汽轮机运行维护内容

2.4.2. Steam turbine operation and maintenance content

1) DEH控制盘及显示盘指示状态正确,机组控制方式和运行方式正常；
1) Indication state of DEH control panel and the display panel are correct,
unit control mode and the operation mode are normal;
2) TSI及ETS系统无报警信号；
2) TSIsystem and ETS have no alarm signal;
3) 经常检查各轴承振动、温度、回油应正常，油窗无水珠；
3) Frequently check the bearing vibration, temperature and return oil, and
make sure they are normal, and the oil visual window should have no
water globule.
4) 定期进行设备的听音,倾听机内无异常现象;
4) Regularly listen to the sound of the equipment and make sure there is no
abnormal phenomenon.
5) 经常监视汽封系统工作正常,根据负荷变化，及时调整低压缸前后汽封,使轴
封不冒汽、不吸气；
5) Frequently monitor the steam seal system operation to check if it is normal.
Adjust the front and rear steam seal in time to prevent the steam emission
and air intake according to the load change;
6) 注意各加热器水位变化情况及各疏水自动调整是否工作正常；
6) Pay attention to the heater water level change and the drain water
automatic adjustment to see if they are in normal operation;
7) 对于自动调整装置,要尽量投自动,要以自动调节为主，手动调节为辅。并定
期检查自动的可靠性，凡属于自动失灵或被调对象停止使用时，可切换为
手动；
7) For the automatic adjusting device, it is better to put it into automatic
operation. The automatic adjustment should be the major mode, and the
manual adjustment serves as the assistant mode. Regularly check the
reliability of the automatic adjustment, if there is automation failure or the
adjusted object is not in use, switch to the manual mode.
8) 保持机组各参数在规定值范围内，按时抄表，做好运行分析工作，使机组
在经济状态下运行。
8) Maintain the parameters of the unit within the set value scope. Record the
readings on time and make proper analysis to make the unit operate
under the economical state.
9) 按《设备定期切换试验工作表》的规定，进行有关设备的定期切换及试

62
 验；
9) Carry out the regular switchover and test of the related equipment
according to the regulations of Equipment Regular Switchover Test Work
Sheet.
10) 保持机组设备的整洁，做好文明生产。
10) Keep the unit equipment clean and carry out the civilized production.
2.4.3. 汽轮机组运行维护的一般注意事项

2.4.3. General precautions for steam turbine unit operation and maintenance

1) 机组不允许在主汽阀一侧开启另一侧关闭的情况下长时间运行；
1) Unit is not allowed to operate for a long term when one side of the main
stop valve is opened and another side is closed;
2) 应避免机组在30%额定负荷以下长期运行；
2) Avoid the unit operates for a long time under 30% of the rated load;
3) 机组未解列前发电机以同步电动机方式运行时间不应超过3分钟，且凝汽器
真空必须正常。
3) Before unit is disconnected, the operating time for the generator serving
as the synchronized motor should be no more than 3 minute and the
condenser vacuum should be normal.
4) 在盘车装置投入前不得向轴封送汽；
4) It is not allowed to supply steam to gland seal before turning gear
activation;
5) 在排汽温度高时应注意胀差、振动、轴承油温和轴承金属温度的变化，如
排汽温度已达报警值，除了喷水系统投入外，还应采取提高真空度或增加
负荷等方法来降低排汽温度；
5) When the exhaust steamtemperature is high, pay attention to the changes
of differential expansion, vibration, bearing oil temperature and the
bearing metal temperature. For example, if the exhaust steam
temperature reaches to the alarm value, the spray water system should be
put into operation and also actions should be taken to reduce the exhaust
steam temperature by increasing the vacuum or increasing the load.
6) 喷油试验后不能马上做超速试验，以免积油引起超速试验不准；
6) The overspeed test should not be carried out immediately after the spray
oil test to prevent the oil accumulation which may cause the incorrect
overspeed test result.
7) 机组带70%额定负荷时，允许凝汽器半边清洗，检修，但此时必须注意
#5、6#瓦轴承振动，轴承油温度和金属温度的变化；
7) When the unit carries 70% rated load, it is allowed to carry out the
63
 cleaning and maintenance at half side of the condenser. But at this time,
pay attention to the vibration of #5 and #6 bearing, the bearing oil
temperature and metal temperature change;
8) 机组在电网解列带厂用电状态运行时，任何一次连续运行时间不应超过
15min，在30年运行寿命期内，累计不超过10次；
8) When the unit operates during power grid outage and supplied by service
power, any continuous operation time should be no more than 15min, and
during the 30-year operation life time, the total times for such kind of
operation should be no more than 10 times.
9) 全部高加切除时，机组可以发额定出力，但不许超发；高压加热器切除，
必须从高压向低压依次进行；如还须切除低压加热器，则机组必须降低负
荷运行；
9) During the deactivation of all the HP heaters, the unit rated output is
required, but should not exceeds the rated value. The HP heater
deactivation sequence should be from the HP side to the LP side. If the LP
heater should also be deactivated, reduce the load during unit operation.
10) 加热器投入运行，应随机组启动从低压加热器依次向高压加热器投入；
10) During the heater activation, put the LP heater and the HP heater into
operation in sequence with the unit startup;
11) 各段抽汽管道上防进水热电偶温差大于40℃时，可以认为汽缸进水，应立
即采取措施排除积水；
11) When the temperature difference of the thermocouple preventing the
water entering equipped on the extraction pipeline is more than 40 ℃ , it
can be considered water entering the casing, and then take measures to
eliminate the accumulated water in the casing;
12) 机组在5～10%额定负荷运行时，汽轮机低压缸的最大允许排汽压力 为
13KPa，低压缸排汽温度不大于52℃，在此段负荷区间禁止长期运行；
12) When the unit operates within 5~10% ofrated load, steam turbine LP
casing maximum permissible exhaust steam pressure is 13KPa, and the
LP casing exhaust steam temperature should be no more than 52℃, and
the unit is not allowed to operate for a long time within this load scope.
13) 机组甩负荷后空转运行时，允许最高排汽压力为13.8kPa，排汽温度应小于
80℃，运行时间应少于15min，否则应打闸停机；
13) Duringnoload operation after unit load rejection, the permissible highest
exhaust steam pressure is 13.8MPa, the exhaust steam temperature
should be less than 80℃, the operating time should be less than 15 min, if
not, shut down the unit.

64
 14) “手动方式”控制不得作为机组长期运行的控制方式。
14) Manual Mode control should not serve as unit long term operation control
mode.
2.5. 汽轮机停止

2.5. Turbine shutdown

2.5.1. 停机方式选择

2.5.1. Selection of shutdown mode

1) 滑参数停机：主要是为了使停机后的汽缸金属温度降到较低的水平，一般
用于小修、大修等计划停机。通常采用喷嘴调节方式。
1) Shutdown of sliding parameter: it is mainly used to decrease the metal
temperature of the casing to a lower level after shutdown, and it is usually
used in such scheduled shutdown such as repair or overhaul. The usually
uses the nozzle adjusting mode.
2) 额定参数停机：主要是为了短时间消缺处理后能及时启动，希望机组的汽
缸金属维持较高的温度水平，缩短机组的启动时间。通常采用节流调节方
式。
2) Rated parameter shutdown: it is for timely startup after short-time defect
handling, which maintains the unit casing metal temperature in a high
level in order to shorten the unit startup time. Usually, it uses throttling
adjusting mode.
3) 紧急停机：主要用于机组发生事故、危及人身及设备安全运行、突发的不
可抗拒的自然灾害。
3) Emergency shutdown: it is mainly used when there is fault, abnormal
operation that may endanger the human safety & equipment security, and
the irresistible natural disaster which occurs suddenly.
2.5.2. 停运前的准备工作

2.5.2. Preparation before shutdown

1) 接到停机命令后，通知各岗位做好停机准备。
1) Inform each shift to make good shutdown preparations after receiving the
shutdown command.
2) 停运前应对设备及系统全面检查一次，记录设备存在缺陷。
2) Take an overall check to the equipment and system before shutdown and
put down defects of equipment.
3) 检查轴封辅助汽源、除氧器备用汽源及法兰、螺栓加热用汽源暖管，管道
处于热备用状态。

65
 3) Check the gland seal auxiliary steam source and deaerator standby steam
source heating pipe to make the pipe in hot standby state.
4) 试验高压启动油泵，交流和直流润滑油泵、顶轴油泵及盘车电机，均应工
作正常。
4) All the tests of AC & DC lubricating oil pump, jacking oil pump as well as
turning gear motor should be normal. The oil pump should be in
interlocked standby.
5) 试验主汽阀、调节阀、各抽汽逆止阀灵活无卡涩现象。
5) Test if the main steam valve, governing valve and extraction check valve
(non-return valve) can be easily operated without blockage phenomenon.
6) 检查旁路系统、电动给水泵组良好备用。
6) Check the bypass system to make sure the electric water feeding pump
group is in a well standby state.
7) 根据运行方式，若单台机组运行时，停运前3小时通知启动锅炉点火，启动
炉正常后，辅助蒸汽由启动锅炉供给。
7) According to the operation mode, if the single unit is in operation, inform to
ignite boiler 3 hours before unit shutdown. After the boiler startup is
normal, close the valvefrom 4-sectionextraction steam to auxiliary steam
header and the auxiliary steam is supplied by auxiliary boiler.
2.5.3. 滑参数停运

2.5.3. Shutdown in Sliding Parameter

2.5.3.1. 机组减负荷

2.5.3.1. Unit load decreasing

1) 降负荷过程中机组运行方式的选择。
1) Mode selection during the load decreasing.
机组负荷220MW至180MW定压运行。Operate the unit in constant pressure
when the load is decreased from 220MW to180MW.
机组负荷降至180MW时，滑压运行。Operate the unit in sliding pressure as
the load is decreased down to 180MW.
严格按照停机曲线进行停机。Shut down the unit strictly according to outage
curve.

66
67
2) 汇报调度停用该机组AGC，接值长减负荷令，设定目标负荷为180MW、降
负荷率为3MW/min。机组负荷缓慢下滑至180MW，且主汽压力及主汽温度
保持额定。
2) Report to the dispatch center to shut down AGC of this unit, receive the
order of decreasing load from shift leader, and set the target load value at
180MW and load decreasing rate at 3MW/min. Slide the load slowly down
to 180MW. Keep the main steam rated pressure and temperature.
3) 当机组负荷至180 MW时，退出COORD控制方式，切至DEH控制方式。.
3) Switch to DEH control mode from COORD way when the load is
decreased down to 180MW.
4) 锅炉按停机曲线降温、降压、减负荷，同时逐渐开启调节门，直到全开为
止。当主蒸汽参数降到8.82 Mpa、520℃、负荷减至150MW时，稳定运行
15分钟。
4) Decrease the temperature, pressure, and load of boiler according to
outage curve. Meanwhile, open the governing valve gradually till it is fully
opened.
5) 负荷至110MW时，根据机组真空可以停运一台循环水泵。
5) Shut down a feedwater pump when load is 110MW.
6) 4级抽汽压力≤0.147MPa时，查4级抽汽至除氧器电动阀自动关闭，除氧器
汽源自动切至辅汽，除氧器压力维持0.147MPa左右。
6) When the fourth stage steam extraction pressure is less than or equal to
0.147, automatically close the MOV (motor operated valve) from the fourth
stage steam extraction to deaerator, switch the steam source to auxiliary
steam automatically and maintain deaerator pressure to about 0.147MPa.
7) 主蒸汽温度接近高压内缸下半内壁温度时，投入高压缸法兰螺栓的冷却装
置，根据金属温差和胀差情况，适时投入法兰螺栓加热的低温混合汽源。
7) When the main steam temperature is close to the temperature of lower
half wall of HP (high pressure) inner casing, put the cooling equipment of
flange and bolt of HP casing into service. According to the differential
temperature and expansion, put into low temperature mixed steam source
in service for heating flange and bolt in appropriate time.
8) 停机过程中注意辅汽联箱压力，小于0.6Mpa及时投入备用汽源，调整好汽
封压力。
8) Keep watching on pressure of auxiliary steam header in the process of
unit outage. Put the auxiliary steam source into service in time when the
pressure is less than 0.6MPa and adjust the steam seal pressure well.
9) 当负荷减小到低于输出功率20%时，检查汽轮机所有的疏水阀全部打开。

68
 9) When load is decreased down to less than 20% of output power, check
and ensure all of drain valves of steam turbine are open.
10)负荷减到50MW时，停止疏水泵。疏水直排冷凝器。
10) Stop drain valve as load is decreased to 50MW. Drain the water directly to
condenser.
11)气温降到260℃，汽压降到2.35 Mpa时，负荷减至零。
11) Load is decreased to 0 as the steam temperature is down to 260 ℃ and
pressure down to 2.35Mpa.
2.5.3.2 . 解列停机

2.5.3.2. Unit Shutdown.

1) 启动交流润滑油泵。
1) Start up AC(alternating current) lube oil pump.
2) 按下汽机跳闸按钮，检查主汽门、调门、抽汽逆止阀应关闭，机组转速下
降，高低压旁路联开正常。检查发电机逆功率保护动作，发变组出口开关
跳闸，励磁开关跳闸。如果逆功率保护不动作，立即将锅炉跳闸，防止超
速。
2) Press turbine trip button, check and ensure main stop valve, governing
valve and steam extraction check valve are closed and the rotating speed
of unit is decreasing. Check if the generator reverse-power protection is
activated, generator-transformer unit outlet CB and excitation CB trip. If
reverse-power protection is inactivated, trip the boiler immediately in case
of overspeed.
3) 当转速降至1200转/分时，启动顶轴油泵。大轴静止后，投入盘车。可调顶
轴油泵循环门，使各轴承顶轴油压保持为调试初始值。
3) Start up jacking oil pump as rotating speed is down to 1200 RPM. Put
turning gear in service after main shaft keeps static. Adjust jacking oil
pump circulating valve to keep initial value of jacking oil pressure of all
bearings
4) 当高压内缸下半内壁温度为150℃时，停盘车，转子静止后停顶轴。
4) Stop running turning gear when the temperature of lower half inner wall of
HP inner casing reaches to 150℃. After rotor stops moving, put jacking oil
out of service.
2.5.4. 额定参数停运

2.5.4. Shutdown in Rated Parameter

在设备有一些小缺陷，仅需短暂停机即可解除，这时往往采用额定参数停机的
方式，很快减去全部负荷后又迅速停机，保持汽缸较高的温度水平，汽缸与法兰不

69
会产生较大温差和应力。如果使机组在低负荷或空负荷下较长时间停留，这倒是很
危险的。额定参数停机的注意事项如下。
Rated parameter shutdown is applied under the condition when there are
small defects in equipment which can be erased by transient shutdown. By this
way, all load is reduced soon and the unit can be shut down immediately. keeping
casing temperature high can prevent big temperature difference and stress of
casing and flange happening. It is very dangerous if unit is running with low load or
no-load. The precautions of rated parameter shutdown are as follows:
(一) 试验交直流润滑泵、顶轴泵、盘车装置是否正常.
(1) Test if AC/DC lube oil pump, jacking oil pump and turning gear is normal.
(二) 法兰螺栓加热装置处于备用状态。
(2) Flange and bolt heating device is in standby state.
(三) 以5MW/min的速度将负荷逐渐减到零，解列并打闸停机。
(3) Reduce load to 0 gradually at rate of 5MW/min, disconnect, latch off and
shut down.
(四) 减负荷过程中，应锅炉要求，及时投用旁路。
(4) In the process of load decrease, put bypass in service instantly according
to the boiler’s requirements.
(五) 停机中的各项要求与滑停时相同。
(5) All requirements are as same as in sliding parameter shutdown.
2.5.5. 机组停运中的注意事项

2.5.5. Precautions During Unit Outage

1) 停机过程中应严密监视机组运行状况，增加巡回检查次数并做重点检查，
发现异常情况应准确判断，及时处理。
1) Monitor the unit running state strictly during outage, take extensive patrol
inspection and focus on the major one. Make precise analysis and handle
it promptly if the abnormal case is found
2) 减负荷过程中，应严密监视机组振动，发生异常振动时应停止降温降压，
打闸停机。
2) Monitor the vibration strictly during load decrease. Stop reducing
temperature and pressure, latch off and shut down the unit if abnormal
vibration occurs.
3) 停机过程中，若主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度在连续15分钟内下降达80℃以上，
应手动停机。
3) In the process of shutdown, shut the unit down manually if the
temperature of main steam and reheated steam decreases above 80 ℃

70
 continuously in 15 minutes.
4) 低负荷情况下，要防止减负荷过程中发现调节系统部套卡塞应设法消除。
此时不宜先行解列发电机，必要可将汽机打闸，确认负荷到“0”后再解列发
电机。
4) In the case of low load, if governing system is found blocked, try to
eliminate it. Don’t disconnect with generator first If necessary, latch off the
turbine and disconnect with generator after load is 0
5) 主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度低于350℃时，开启汽缸和各抽汽管道的疏水门。注
意：在汽压为6.86Mpa，汽温为420℃时，主蒸汽过热度不小于120℃。在
汽压为3.92 Mpa，汽温为320℃时，主蒸汽过热度不小于70℃。在汽压为
2.94 Mpa，主蒸汽过热度不小于60℃。
5) open drain valves of casing and all steam extraction pipe when the
temperature of main steam and reheated steam is below 350℃.
Notice: When the steam pressure is 6.86MPa and the steam temperature is
420℃, the main steam superheating degree should be ≥120℃. When the
steam pressure is 3.92MPa and the steam temperature is 320℃, the main
temperature superheating degree should be ≥70 ℃ . When the steam
pressure is 2.94MPa, the main steam superheating degree should be≥60
℃.
6) 当调节级后蒸汽温度降到低于高压内缸调节级法兰内壁金属温度30℃时,应
暂停降温。
6) When the steam temperature of governing stage reduces lower than 30℃
of metal temperature of the inner wall of flange in HP casing governing
stage, stop decreasing temperature temporarily.
7) 减负荷过程中应注意高、中压缸和低压缸胀差的变化，如胀差太大，应放
慢减负荷速度。若负胀差继续增大且采取措施无效，影响到机组安全时，
应快速减负荷到0。
7) Pay attention to the changes of differential expansion of HP/IP/LP casing.
If the expansion is huge, slow down load decreasing speed. If the
negative differential expansion continues increasing with no effective
measure to control it so that safety of unit is impacted, reduce load rapidly
to 0.
8) 主 蒸 汽 压 力 下 降 速 度 为 0.02~0.03 Mpa/min(22 万 ~15 万 负 荷 范 围 可 达
0.26Mpa/min)。主蒸汽与再热蒸汽之温度下降速度为1~1.5℃/min.
8) The pressure decreasing rate of main steam is 0.02~0.03 Mpa/min(the
rate in range from 150MW to 220MW is as high as 0.26Mpa/min). the
temperature decreasing rate of main steam and reheated steam is 1~1.5

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 ℃/min.
9) 维持凝汽器、除氧器及各加热器水位正常。
9) Maintain water level of condenser, deaerator and each heater is normal.
10)检查轴封汽压力和温度正常。
10) Check if pressure and temperature of gland seal are normal.
2.5.6. 机组停运后的工作

2.5.6. Tasks After Unit Outage

1) 检查交流润滑油泵、顶轴油泵和盘车马达运行正常。
1) Check if the motors of AC lube oil pump, jacking pump and turning gear
run normally.
2) 在DEH画面上将高中压调门开度限制值、目标转速、负荷值减至零。
2) Reduce HP/IP governing valve opening limit value, target rotating speed,
load value to 0
3) 停运抗燃油泵。
3) Stop running EH oil pump.
4) 汽轮机惰走过程中注意倾听机组各部分声音正常，检查差胀、振动、轴向
位移、轴承金属温度、润滑油压等参数正常。
4) Listen to each part of unit and check if it sounds normal in turbine idling
process and check if all parameters of differential expansion, vibration,
axial displacement, bearing metal temperature, lube oil pressure and
others are normal.
5) 汽机转速至盘车转速后停运真空泵，开启凝汽器真空破坏门破坏真空。同
时关闭各氢冷器进水阀。
5) Stop running vacuum pump after rotating speed of steam turbine is
transferred to that of turning gear. Open vacuum-breaking valve of
condenser to break vacuum. Meanwhile, close water inlet valves of all
hydrogen cooler.
6) 当凝汽器真空至零后，停止轴封系统运行。
6) Stop running gland seal system when vacuum value of condenser is 0.
7) 根据锅炉上水情况停用除氧器加热。
7) Stop using deaerator to heat according to boiler water filling condition.
8) 根据停机时间长短及用户情况，决定是否停用辅汽联箱。
8) It is decided whether auxiliary steam header will be in service or not upon
the time of outage and the conditions of steam consumption.
9) 当低压缸排汽温度小于50℃，停运循环水系统。
9) Stop running circulating water system when exhaust temperature of LP

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 casing is below 50℃
11)待锅炉泄压放水后，且无其它凝结水用户时，停运凝结水泵。
11) Stop running condensate pump when the boiler releases pressure and
discharges water and there are no other condensate consumption.
12)当汽缸最高金属温度小于150℃，可停止盘车运行。
12) Turning gear can be stopped when the maximum casing metal
temperature<150℃.
13)当汽缸最高金属温度小于120℃，可停止润滑油泵运行。
13) Lube oil pump can be stopped when the maximum casing metal
temperature<150℃.
14)根据检修需要，可进行排氢操作。
14) Hydrogen discharging can be proceeded in requirement of maintenance.
15)当发电机排氢结束，且汽机盘车停运后，停止密封油系统运行。
15) Stop running sealing oil system when hydrogen discharging for generator
is done and turning gear stops running.
16)根据设备停运情况，隔离冷却水系统。
16) Isolate cooling water system according to the equipment outage condition.
2.5.7. 汽轮机停运后的保养

2.5.7. Steam Turbine Maintenance After Unit Outage.

1) 隔绝可能返回汽机内部的汽、水系统，开启抽汽管道及本体所有疏水阀。
开启主、再蒸汽管道疏水阀(锅炉干保养时)。
1) Isolate steam and water system in which steam and water are likely to
return to inside of turbine. Open all drain valves of steam extraction pipe
and bodies. Open drain valves of main steam and reheated steam pipes
when boiler is in dry-maintenance.
2) 隔绝与公用系统连接的汽、水、气阀门，并放尽其内部余汽、余水、余
气。
2) Isolate all valves of steam, water and air connected with common system.
Discharge the rest of steam, water and air inside of valves
3) 放尽凝汽器热井，循环水进、出水室，加热器汽侧，各水箱等存水。
3) Empty the water stored in hot well of condenser, inlet/outlet circulating
water chamber, steam side of heater, and all water tanks.
4) 除氧器、加热器水侧采用湿储存保养。
4) Maintain the water side of deaerator and heater in the way of wet-storage.
5) 保持润滑油净化系统的连续运行，若油温大于70℃，应停止加热。在定期
的基础上运行系统。每周运行顶轴油泵2小时。

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 5) Keep running lube oil purifying system. If oil temperature is above 70 ℃ ,
stop heating. Operate the system periodically. Operate the jacking oil
pump 2 hours every week.
6) 保持抗燃油油系统的抗燃油再生泵连续运行。若油温大于60℃，应停止抗
燃油油净化系统运行。
6) Keep the fire resistance hydraulic oil regeneration pump in fire resistance
hydraulic system in operation continuously. If the oil temperature is higher
than 60℃, stop fire resistance hydraulic oil purifying system.
7) 无特殊情况，应保持交流润滑油泵运行。
7) If there is no exception, maintain the operation of AC lubricating oil pump.
8) 主机润滑油盘车系统，抗燃油系统每周投运一次。
8) Put main turbine lubrication oil turning gear system & fire resistance
hydraulic oil system into operation once every week.
9) 润滑油取样分析每三月一次，调速油取样分析每月一次。
9) Sample and analyze the lubricating oil once every 3 months and the
speed governing oil once a month.
10)设备的特殊保养方法，根据现场实际情况，由有关领导决定。
10)The special maintenance of the equipment is decided by the
corresponding leader based on the actual on site situation.
11)汽轮机大轴应定期手动旋转一周半。旋转时启动润滑油顶轴油系统。
11)The turbine shaft should be rotated manually for one and a half turn
periodically. Start the lubricating jacking oil system during the rotating.
2.6. 汽轮机试验

2.6. Steam Turbine test

2.6.1. 调速系统静态试验

2.6.1. Static test of speed governing system

在机组启动前，必须完成伺服阀、LVDT、伺服板的静态关系整定，保证各个油
动机从全关到全开满足阀位指令从0%～100%的位置控制精度及线性度要求。CV、
ICV可同时进行校验，也可分别进行校验，此过程在OIS站上进行。
Before the turbine unit operation, the static setting of servo valve, LVDT, servo
plane should be finished to ensure that each oil-driven unit meet the control
accuracy and linearity requirement from complete closed to complete open with
the valve position instruction from the 0% to 100%. CV & ICV can be calibrated at
the same time and also separately, which is carried out on OIS station.
(1)机组启动前进行伺服系统静态关系整定，必须满足下列条件：
(1) Before the unit is put into operation, the static setting of servo system has

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 to meet the following requirements:
汽机已挂闸；
The turbine has been latched-on;
所有阀全关。
All the valves have been closed.
注意：必须确认主汽阀前无蒸汽，以免整定时，汽轮机失控。整定期间，当机
组转速大于100r/min时，DEH将自动打闸。即汽机转速必须小于100r/min。
Note: Confirm that there is no steam before the main steam valve for fear that
the turbine will be out of control during the setting. During the setting, DEH will
open automatically when the rotating speed is higher than 100r/min. That is to say
the turbine rotating speed should be lower than 100r/min.
(2)LVDT的安装
(2) The installation of LVDT
在阀门校验前必须正确安装LVDT，使阀门在从全关到全开时，LVDT在其线性
区 内 。 LVDT should be correctly installed before the calibration of the valve to
make the LVDT within the linearization range during the valve changing from
complete closed to complete open.
(3)校验步骤
(3) Calibration procedure
1) 选择“CALIBRATION PERMIT(阀门校验允许)”
1) Select CALIBRATION PERMIT (valve calibration permission).
2) 当“CALIBRATION PERMIT(阀门校验允许)”点亮后，选择要校验的阀门，
相应的按键被点亮。
2) When CALIBRATION PERMIT light is on, select the valve that is to be
calibrated and the corresponding key will be lighted on.
3) 选中的阀门后，相应的伺服板开始校验，伺服板上的“CHK”指示灯闪烁(下
行 闪 烁 频 率 较 慢 ， 上 行 闪 烁 频 率 较 快 ) ， 同 时 画 面 上 的 “VALVE
CALIBRATION(阀门校验)”指示也闪烁(闪烁频率同“CHK”灯)
3) After the valve to be calibrated is selected, the corresponding servo plane
begins to calibrate. The CHK signal flashes at the same time (the bottom
line flashes slowly and the upper line flashes quickly.). VALVE
CALIBRATION indicator also flashes (Its flashing frequency is the same
as CHK light.).
4) “CHK”指示灯和 “VALVE CALIBRATION( 阀门校验 )” 指示常亮时则校验 完
成。
4) When the CHK indicator and VALVE CALIBRATION indicator light is on, it
means the calibration is over.

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 5) 再次按下“CALIBRATION PERMIT(阀门校验允许)”，退出校验方式，“CHK”
指示灯灭，“VALVE CALIBRATION(阀门校验)”指示变灰。
5) Click the CALIBRATION PERMIT again to quit the calibration mode. At
this time, CHK indicator is off and VALVE CALIBRATION turns grey.
6) 校验结束。
6) Calibration completed.
2.6.2. ETS 通道试验(配合热工)

2.6.2. Test of ETS channel (cooperate with I & C)

见热控规程
Seen as I & C Manual
2.6.3. 高压遮断电磁阀试验(AST)

2.6.3. Test of HP trip solenoid valve (AST)

为提高可靠性，高压遮断电磁阀采用两并两串的双重冗余结构,这就保证了高压
遮断电磁阀可进行在线试验。将试验开关切到试验允许位后，操作人员即可在OIS
站画面上进行高压遮断电磁阀试验，试验时，操作人员每次只能选择一个电磁阀进
行试验。
In order to improve the reliability, HP trip solenoid valve has two parallel and
two series double redundancy structure, which ensures it can take online test.
After putting the test key switch to the test permissive position, the operator can
carry on HP trip solenoid valve test on OIS display. The operator can only choose
one solenoid valve to carry on the test one time.
正常情况下，高压遮断电磁阀6YV、7YV、8YV、9YV电磁铁带电,压力开关
4PS、5PS不动作。正常试验时， 7YV或9YV电磁铁失电动作，压力开关5PS动作,
若电磁铁失电时间超过15秒而压力开关5PS信号不正确，则认为试验故障。当做完
7YV、9YV电磁铁试验后，使7YV、9YV恢复带电状态。然后再做6YV、8YV试验，
6YV或8YV电磁铁失电动作，压力开关4PS动作,若电磁铁失电时间超过15秒而压力
开关4PS信号不正确，则认为试验故障。当做完6YV、8YV电磁铁试验后，使6YV、
8YV恢复带电状态。
In normal situation, HP trip solenoid valve 6YV, 7YV, 8YV and 9YV are
energized. The pressure switch 4PS & 5PS does not work. In normal test, the 7YV
or 9YV solenoid de-energizes and pressure switch 5PS activates. If the solenoid
de-energizing time exceeds 15s and the signal of pressure switch 5PS is not
correct, this test can be regarded as fault. After the 7YV & 9YV solenoid valve test
is finished, energize 7YV & 9YV again. Then take test on 6YV & 8YV. 6YV & 8YV
solenoid valve de-energizes and pressure switch 4PS activates. If the solenoid d-

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energizing time exceeds 15s and the signal of pressure switch 4PS is not correct,
this test can be regarded as faulty. After the 6YV & 8YV solenoid valve test is
finished, energize 6YV & 8YV again.
高压遮断电磁阀试验结束后，操作人员应将OIS画面上试验开关切至正常位。
When the test of HP trip solenoid valve is finished, the operator should put the
test key switch on OIS display to normal position.
2.6.4. 喷油试验

2.6.4. Oil spray test

为确保危急遮断器飞锤在机组一旦出现超速时，能迅速飞出，遮断汽轮机，需
经常对飞锤进行活动试验。
In order to ensure the flying hammer of emergency tripper can fly out to trip
the turbine immediately when the unit is over-speed. Activity test should be often
carried out to the flying hammer.
此活动试验时将油喷到飞锤中增大离心力，使之飞出。但飞锤因喷油试验飞出
不应打闸，为提高可靠性，增加了试验用隔离阀。
This activity test is to spray oil into the flying hammer to increase the
centrifugal force so as it can fly out. But the unit should not be latched-off when the
flying hammer flies out due to the oil spray test. In order to enhance the reliability,
isolated valve special for test is used.
喷油试验允许条件：
The permissible condition of oil spray test:
喷油试验允许按钮在允许位；
The button of oil spray test should be at Allow position;
转速在2985r/min～3015r/min内；
The rotating speed should be within the range from 2985r/min to 3015r/min;
机组胀差在正常范围内。
Differential expansion of unit is in normal range.
做试验时，隔离电磁阀带电，检测到隔离电磁阀在隔离位后，喷油电磁阀带
电，油喷进危急遮断器中，飞环击出，发讯装置发讯，然后喷油电磁阀失电，一段
时间后挂闸电磁阀动作自动挂闸，挂上闸后再使隔离电磁阀失电，危急遮断器回复
到正常位置，表明试验成功。
During the test, isolated solenoid valve is energized. Then, oil spray solenoid
valve is energized after the isolated solenoid valve is at isolated position. Then, oil
is sprayed into emergency tripper and the fly ring is out, and the indicator gives out
signal. Then, oil-sprayed solenoid d-energizes, and latch-on solenoid valve is
activated and latch on automatically after a while. After it is latched on, de-
energize the isolated solenoid valve, and the emergency tripper returns to the
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normal position, which means the test is successful.
喷油试验结束后，操作人员将喷油试验允许按钮至正常位。
After the oil spray test is finished, the operator should switch the oil spray test
button to Normal position.
2.6.5. 机械超速保护试验

2.6.5. Mechanical over-speed protection test

在汽轮机首次安装或大修时，必须验证超速保护的动作准确性。对每一路超速
保护都应进行试验验证。机组必须带20%额定负荷暖机3小时后方可做试验。
The accuracy of turbine over-speed protection should be verified during initial
installation or overhaul. It is required that each unit should be tested. The test can
be done after it is warmed up for 3 hours with 20% of the rated load.
做超速试验时，将DEH的目标转速设置为3360r/min,慢慢提升汽轮机转速，到
达被试验的一路超速保护的动作转速时，此路超速保护动作，遮断汽轮机。因此超
速试验也叫提升转速试验。DEH可自动记录汽轮机遮断转速及最高转速。
Set the target rotating speed of DEH to 3360r/min in the over-speed test.
Increase turbine speed gradually until reaches to the activation rotating speed of
over-speed protection. Then, the over-speed protection acts to trip the turbine. So
the over-speed test is also called rotating speed rising test. DEH can automatically
record the rotating speed for turbine trip and the maximum rotating speed.
在试验前应将DEH电气超速值调高，在进行机械超速试验时，电气超速跳机值
自动提高为112％。将目标转速设为3360r/min，速率设为180r/min/min，然后升
速，直到飞锤击出。
Increase the electrical over-speed value of DEH. During the mechanical over-
speed test, the electrical over-speed trip value may increases to 112%
automatically. Set the target rotating speed to 3360r/min and the accelerating rate
to 180r/min/min, and then increase the speed until the flying hammer is out.
超速试验结束后，操作人员将OIS画面上将“OSPTEST ON/OFF(超速试验)”按
钮置为“NORMAL(正常)”位。
After the over-speed test is completed, the operator can switch OSPTEST
ON/OFF selector to NORMAL position on OIS display.
2.6.6. DEH110%电超速保护试验

2.6.6. DEH 110% electrical over-speed protection test

将OIS画面上“OVERSPEED TEST(超速试验)”按钮至“ELE OSP(电气)”位，将

目标转速设为3360r/min，速率设为180r/min/min即可进行试验。
Switch OVERSPEED TEST to ELE OSP on OIS display. Set the target speed
to 3360r/min and the acceleration rate to 180r/min/min, and then the test can be

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carried out.
2.6.7. ETS 超速保护试验

2.6.7. ETS over-speed protection test

将OIS画面上“OVERSPEED TEST(超速试验)”按钮至“试验”位，这闭锁DEH电
超速，将目标转速设为3360r/min，速率设为180r/min/min即可进行试验。
Switch OVERSPEED TEST to TEST position on OIS display, which interlocks
DEH electrical over-speed. Set the target speed to 3360r/min and the acceleration
rate to 180r/min/min, and then the test can be carried out.
2.6.8. 阀门活动试验

2.6.8. Valve activity test

为确保阀门活动灵活，需定期对长期全开阀门进行活动试验，以防止阀门卡
涩。
In order to ensure that valves can be open and closed flexibly, the activity test
must be done for long-term full-open valves in the system periodically to prevent
the valve being blocked.
阀门活动试验的允许条件：
Permissive for valve activity test:
所有主汽阀全开；
All the main steam valves are open;
并网；
When Synchronizing;
负荷在150MW～190MW内；
The load is within from 150MW to 190MW.
OIS画面上试验在允许位。
The test is on Allow position on OIS display.
根据DEH厂家说明书进行阀门活动实验。
Take valve activity test according to DEH manufacturer’s instruction.
2.6.9. 主汽门、调速汽门严密性试验

2.6.9. Leak test of main steam valve & speed governing valve

为确保阀门关闭严密而不致漏汽，应通过阀门严密性试验来验证主汽门及调门
关闭的严密性。
In order to ensure the valve is tightly closed so that there is no steam leakage,
leak test should be done to verify the seal of main steam valve & speed governing
steam valve.
阀门严密性试验的允许条件：

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 The permissive of valve leak test:
汽机已挂闸；
Turbine has been latched on;
转速大于2990r/min；
The speed should be higher than 2990r/min;
发电机解列；
The generator should be de-synchronized.
OIS画面上试验在允许位。
The test should be on Allow position on OIS display.
阀门严密性试验完成后，操作人员手动打闸结束试验。
After the valve leak test is done, the operator should manually latch off to end
the test.
2.6.10. 真空严密性试验(见辅机操作部分)

2.6.10. Vacuum leakage test (refer to auxiliary equipment operating part)

2.6.11. 各段抽汽逆止门活动试验

2.6.11. The activity test of extraction check valve of each section

1) 机组运行中只做1，2，3，5，6，7段抽汽逆止门活动试验。
1) The activity test for extraction check valve could only be done at 1 st ,
2 nd , 3 rd , 5 th , 6 th , 7 th section during the unit operation.
2) 由热控人员参与，采用短时间切断控制气源方式进行。
2) Cooperate with I&C personnl to cut off the control steam source in a short
time.
2.7. 事故处理
2.7. Troubleshooting
2.7.1. 事故处理通则

2.7.1. General rules

1) 事故发生时，应按“保人身、保电网、保设备”的原则迅速按规程规定正确处
理。
1) When the fault occurs or an accident happens, it should be correctly dealt
with based on the principle that Protect the personnel, grid and equipment
safety in sequence.
2) 机组发生故障时，各值班人员应坚守岗位，根据故障象征及时查明原因、
故障范围，并及时进行处理和向上一级值班人员汇报。当故障危及人身或
设备安全时，值班人员应迅速果断解除对人身、设备的危险，事后应立即
向上一级值班人员汇报。

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2) When any fault of the unit occurs, each operator on duty should hold his
own post to find out the cause and fault coverage immediately based on
the fault indications. Handle the problems and report to the upper leader in
time. When the fault threatens the safety of personnel & equipment, the
operator on duty should eliminate the danger of personnel and equipment
immediately and decidedly, then report to the upper leader who is on duty.
3) 故障发生时，所有值班人员应在值长的统一指挥下，按照规程中的有关规
定及时正确地处理故障；值长应及时将故障情况通知非故障机组或单元，
使全厂各岗位做好事故预想，以防事故扩大；并判明故障性质和设备情况
以决定是否可以再启动恢复
3) When any fault occurs, all operators on duty should correctly and
immediately handle problems based on the corresponding regulation with
the command of the shift leader. The shift leader should timely inform the
fault condition to the unit not failed in order to make all the operator in
other posts can predict the fault in case that the accident expanded. The
shift leader should also identify the nature of the fault and the equipment
conditions so as to decide whether the unit can be started up to recover
the operation or not.
4) 非当值人员到达故障现场时，未经当值值班人员同意，不得私自进行操作
或处理。
4) When the operator who is not on duty gets to the site of fault, he or she
could not carry on any operation or handling without the permission of the
operator on duty.
5) 发生故障时，值班员外出检查和寻找故障点时，集控室值班员在未与其取
得联系之前，无论情况如何紧急，不允许将被检查的设备强行送电启动。
5) When fault occurs, operator on duty in the central control room can not
energize to start up the equipment to be checked before contacting the
staff that goes out to check and find out the fault point no matter how
emergent the situation is.
6) 当事故危及厂用电时，应在保证人身和设备安全的基础上隔离故障点，尽
力设法保住厂用电源。
6) When the fault threatens the auxiliary power, isolate the fault point and try
to protect the auxiliary power supply based on the safety of personnel and
equipment.
7) 在交接班期间发生故障时，应停止交接班由交班人员进行处理，接班人员
可在交班人员同意后协助处理，事故处理告一段落后再进行交接班。
7) When the fault occurs during the shift exchange, the shift exchange

81
 should be stopped and the fault should be eliminated by the current shift.
Next shift can assist in the troubleshooting with the permission of the
current shift. After the troubleshooting is finished, go on the shift
exchange.
8) 对于规程中没有规定的事故象征，应根据自己的所学知识和经验进行分析
判断正确处理同时尽可能向上一级汇报。
8) For those fault indications which are not listed in the regulation, analyze
and identify the problems with knowledge and experience to correctly
handle them, and report to the upper leader possibly.
9) 事故消除后，运行人员应将事故发生的时间、地点、现象、原因、经过及
处理方法详细地记录在值班记录本上。班后应认真地总结、分析并从中吸
取经验教训。
9) After the fault is eliminated, the operator should put down the time, place,
phenomenon, cause, process and solution of the fault occurs in the
recording book in details. Carefully conclude, analyze and learn the
experience & lessons from it after the shift.
2.7.2. 汽机紧急停运条件

2.7.2. Requirement for turbine emergency shutdown

1) 汽轮机组突然发生强烈振动，任一轴承振动突增50μm。
1) Great vibration occurs in turbine. Vibration of any bearing increases to
50μm.
2) 汽机断叶片或其内部发生明显的摩擦声。
2) Obvious friction noise occurs in turbine broken blade or inside the turbine.
3) 汽缸内发生水冲击。
3) Water shock occurs in the casing.
4) 汽机侧主蒸汽或再热汽温度突降50℃以上，且汽温下降率大于10℃/min。
4) The temperature of main steam or reheated steam on turbine side
suddenly drops more than 50℃and the steam temperature decrease rate
is larger than 10℃/min.
5) 任一轴承断油或冒烟。
5) Oil of any bearing is cut off or the bearing gives off smoke.
6) 任一轴瓦温度比原有温度突然升高5℃以上或温度超过100℃，且相应轴承
回油温度也同时升高或升高到75℃。
6) The temperature of any bearing pad increases 5℃ higher than the original
value suddenly or exceeds 100℃ and the returning oil temperature of the
corresponding bearing rises up to 75℃ at same time.

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 7) 润滑油冷油器出口油温达到60℃，经处理后仍无法下降，已危及设备安全
运行。
7) The outlet oil temperature of lubricating oil cooler reaches to 60℃, and it
can not drop down after handling, which threatens the safe operation of
equipment.
8) 轴封处环火。
8) Ring fire at gland seal portion
9) 发电机冒烟、着火或发生氢爆炸。
9) Generator gives off smoke, catches fire or has hydrogen explosion.
10)汽轮发电机组油系统着火，无法很快扑灭，严重威胁机组安全运行。
10) The oil system of turbine-generator unit is on fire, which can not be
extinguished in a short time and seriously threatens the safety operation
of the unit.
11) 转速升至3330rpm而保护未动。
11) The speed rises to 3330rpm but the protection fails to activate.
12) 主油箱油位降至-140mm而补油无效时。
12) The oil level of main oil tank drops to -140mm and it is ineffective to
recharge oil.
13) 润滑油系统发生严重泄漏或润滑油母管油压低至0.03 MPa。
13) There is serious leakage of lubricating oil system or the pressure of
lubricating oil main pipe drops to 0.03Mpa.
14) 转子轴向位移达到停机值而保护未动作。
14) The axial displacement of the rotor reaches shutdown value but the
protection is not activated.
15) 汽缸任一差胀超出极限值。
15) Any expansion difference of the casing exceeds the limited value.
16) 因中压主汽门或调门故障引起中压缸断汽。
16) IP casing steam is cut off due to the fault of IP main steam valve or
governing valve.
2.7.3. 紧急停机操作步骤

2.7.3. The operation procedures of emergency shutdown

1) 手按紧急停机按钮。
1) Manually press the emergency shutdown button.
2) 查汽机转速下降，各主汽门、调门、高排逆止门及各抽汽电动门、逆止门
关闭。交流润滑油泵启动正常。
2) Check and make sure turbine speed decreases, and each main steam

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 valve, governing valve, HP discharge check valve and every extraction
motorized valve & check valve is closed. AC lubricating oil pump is in
normal automatic operation.
3) 开启真空破坏门，停止真空系统运行。
3) Open the vacuum break valve and stop the operation of vacuum system.
4) 调整除氧器、凝汽器水位正常，维持汽温、汽压稳定，注意各辅机运行情
况。
4) Adjust the water level of the deaerator & condenser to normal level;
Maintain the steam temperature & steam pressure stable and pay
attention to the operation condition of auxiliaries.
5) 加强汽机振动、差胀、轴向位移、真空等参数监视，并注意惰走时间。
5) Enhance the supervision of such parameters as turbine vibration,
expansion difference, axial displacement, vacuum, etc., and pay attention
to the coasting operation time.
6) 完成其它操作
6) Finish the other operations.
2.7.4. 机组故障停运

2.7.4. Unit shutdown due to faults

2.7.4.1. 当机组发生下列任一故障条件时，应汇报值长，请示总工程师批准，并申
请调度同意后，停止机组运行。

2.7.4.1. When any of following faults occurs, report to shift leader. After approved
by chief engineer and agreed by the dispatcher, shut down the unit.

1) 任一跳机保护应动作而汽机未跳闸(属紧急停机的除外)。
1) Any tripping protection should have acted but the turbine does not trip
(except the emergency shutdown)
2) 汽机侧主蒸汽或再热蒸汽温度上升至 563 ℃。
2) The temperature of main steam and reheated steam on turbine side
increases to 563℃
3) 主汽压力升高到14.3Mpa。
3) Main steam pressure increases to 14.3Mpa.
4) 机组无蒸汽运行超过3分钟。
4) The unit is operated without steam for more than 3min.
5) 主蒸汽、再热蒸汽温度降到460℃，负荷要减到零，若汽温继续降到450℃
而不能恢复正常。
5) The temperature of main steam, reheat steam drops to 460℃, the load is
down to zero, if the steam temperature continuously drops to 450℃, but it

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 is impossible to recover to normal state.
6) 背压升到0.0245 Mpa时，负荷要减到零，若继续升高而不能恢复正常(注意
机组不可向空排汽运行)。
6) When the back pressure is raised to 0.0245 MPa, the load has to be
dropped to zero, if the back pressure is continuously raised but cannot
recover to normal state (Notice: the unit cannot be running with
discharging steam to atmosphere).
7) 润滑油压降到0.0588 Mpa，并且继续下降，在启动辅助油泵后，机组虽然
可维持运行，但故障仍无法排除。
7) The lube oil pressure drops to 0.0588MPa, and continuously dropping,
after the auxiliary oil pump is started up, though the unit may maintain
running, but the fault cannot be cleared.
8) 抗燃油系统严重泄漏，经处理无效，或二台抗燃油泵运行，油压仍低于
10MPa，无法维持机组的正常运行。
8) The fire-resistant oil system has serious leakage, and it is ineffective after
treatment. The other circumstance is that 2 fire-resistant oil pumps are in
operation, but the oil level is still below 10Mpa, and it cannot maintain the
normal operation of the unit.
9) 高、中压调节汽门阀位控制回路故障。
9) The control loop of HP & IP steam governing valve is faulty.
10) 在进行汽机保护试验时，“试验装置故障”和“跳闸通道故障”同时出现。
10) During the turbine protection test, “test apparatus fault” & “trip channel
fault” appear at the same time.
11) 发电机密封油系统故障，无法保持油氢差压或油位。
11) The oil hydrogen pressure difference or oil level cannot be maintained due
to the fault in generator sealing oil system.
2.7.5. 机组故障停运

2.7.5. Unit shutdown due to Faults

故障停机，除不破坏真空外，其它同紧急停机操作。
For faulty shutdown, all steps are as same as emergency shutdown except
not breaking vacuum.
2.7.6. 汽轮机常见典型事故处理

2.7.6. Handling of turbine common typical accidents

2.7.6.1. 机组甩负荷

2.7.6.1. Unit rejecting load

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(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) “汽机跳闸”报警、发电机解列、MFT可能动作。
1) Turbine trip alarms, generator de-synchronizes and MFT may act.
2) 机组负荷到零、声音突变、汽机转速上升后又下降。
2) Unit load drops to zero, the sound changes suddenly and the turbine
running speed increases and then decreases.
3) 锅炉安全阀可能动作。
3) Boiler safety valve may act.
(2) 处理
(2) Treatment
1) 查汽机转速下降，各主汽门、调门、高排逆止门及各抽汽电动门、逆止门
关闭。交流润滑油泵自启动正常。
1) Check and make sure turbine speed decreases, and each main steam
valve, governing valve, HP discharge check valve, each extraction
motorized valve & check valve are closed. AC lubricating oil pump is in
normal automatic operation.
2) 查发电机逆功率保护动作，主变开关、磁场开关跳闸，发电机三相电流至
零，厂用电切换正常。
2) Check and make sure generator reversal power protection acts, main
transformer CB & magnetic field CB trip, generator 3-phase current is zero,
and the switchover of auxiliary power is normal.
3) 除氧器、凝汽器水位正常，维持汽温、汽压、注意各辅机运行情况。
3) Keep the normal water level of de-aerator and condenser, keep the steam
temperature & steam pressure at normal levels and maintain the normal
operation of all auxiliary equipments.
4) 加强汽机振动、差胀、轴向位移、真空等参数监视，并注意惰走时间。
4) Enhance the supervision of the parameters like turbine vibration,
expansion difference, axial displacement, vacuum, etc., and pay attention
to the coasting operation time.
5) 若属于油系统、机组振动等原因引起，应紧急停机。
5) If the fault is caused by oil system or unit vibration, shut down the unit in
emergency.
6) 若MFT动作，则按MFT处理。
6) If MFT acts, deal with it as MFT.
7) 待查明跳闸原因并消除后，恢复机组运行。
7) After finding out the causes and eliminating them, recover the unit

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 operation.
8) 若跳闸原因不能短时消除，并完成正常停机的其它操作。
8) If the tripping cause cannot be eliminated in short time, carry out the other
normal shutdown operations.
9) 若系保护误动，须经总工批准，方可重新恢复机组运行。
9) If the cause is the faulty action of the protection, recover the unit operation
after the permission of the chief engineer.
2.7.6.2. 凝汽器真空异常

2.7.6.2. Abnormal vacuum in condenser

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) 凝汽器真空指示下降，排汽温度升高并报警。
1) Condenser vacuum indication drops, the exhaust steam temperature rises
and alarms.
2) 机组负荷自动下滑。
2) Unit load drops automatically
(2) 凝汽器真空缓慢下降原因
(2) Causes for condenser vacuum slow dropping
1) 循环水量不足或水温过高。
1) Circulating water is not enough or the water temperature is too high.
2)轴封汽压力偏低或带水。
2) Gland seal steam pressure is low or with water content.
3) 真空泵工作异常。
3) The vacuum pump is not in normal operation.
4) 真空系统阀门误操作。
4) The valves of vacuum system has been mis-operated.
5) 凝汽器热负荷过大。
5) Condenser has too much load.
6) 真空系统泄漏。
6) Leakage of vacuum system.
(3) 凝汽器真空急剧下降原因。
(3) Causes for sudden decreasing of condenser vacuum:
1) 循环水中断。
1) The supply of circulating water is cut off.
2) 轴封供汽中断。
2) The steam supply for gland sealing is cut off.

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3) 凝汽器满水至抽气口。
3) The water in condenser is full and it reaches to extraction port.
4) 真空破坏阀误开。
4) The vacuum break valve (air admission valve) is opened accidentally.
5) 真空泵跳闸。
5) Vacuum pump trips.
(4) 处理
(4) Treatment
1) 当真空下降时，应核对排汽温度。
1) When the vacuum decreases, check the temperature of the discharged
steam.
2) 确认真空下降，应及时启动备用真空泵，并查明原因进行处理。
2) Start up the standby vacuum pump after confirming that the vacuum has
decreased, and find out the cause to handle with it.
3) 当真空连续下降时，应适当减负荷，使各监视段压力不超正常允许值，但
注意机组不在凝汽器真空禁止运行区内运行。
3) When the vacuum decreases continuously, reduce the load properly to
make the pressure in each monitoring section does not exceed the normal
value. But one thing should be paid attention to is that the unit should not
be operated in condenser vacuum operation prohibiting area.
4) 若一台循泵因故跳闸，调节凝汽器出水门开度并根据凝汽器真空带相应负
荷。
4) If one circulating pump trips due to the fault, adjust the opening degree of
the condenser water outtake valve based on the corresponding load of the
condenser vacuum zone.
5) 当凝汽器真空达到30kPa，低真空保护应动作，若拒动应按一般故障停机处
理。
5) When condenser vacuum reaches 30kPa, low vacuum protection should
act. If it rejects to act, handle with it as general faulty shutdown.
6) 故障停机时应及时投入后缸喷水，禁止投用低压旁路。
6) Put back casing water spray into operation when the unit is shutdown due
to fault, it is forbidden to put LP bypass into operation.
7) 若是循环水中断引起低真空保护动作，应关闭凝汽器循环水进水门，待排
汽温度降至50℃时再向凝汽器通水。
7) If it is the circulating water cutoff that causes low vacuum protection acts,
close the condenser circulating water inlet, feed water to the condenser
when the discharged steam temperature drops to 50℃.

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 8) 若是凝汽器满水引起低真空保护动作，应立即启动备用凝泵进行放水并停
止凝汽器补水，必要时通知化学化验凝结水水质。
8) If low vacuum protection acts because the condenser is full of water, start
up the standby condensate pump to discharge water and stop the water
makeup of the condenser. Inform the chemical personnel to analyze the
condensate quality if necessary.
2.7.6.3. 水冲击

2.7.6.3. Water impact

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) 主蒸汽或再热器温度急剧下降。
1) The temperature of main steam or re-heater decreases suddenly.
2) 各汽门门杆、汽缸结合面、轴封等处冒出白汽或溅出水滴。
2) There is white steam given off or water drop spilt out at such place as
valve shaft of each steam valve, interface of each casing and gland seal,
etc.
3) 汽轮机内部或蒸汽管道有水击声。
3) There is water shock sound inside the turbine or the steam pipe.
4) 机组负荷晃动并自动下降。
4) The unit load fluctuates and drops automatically.
5) 推力瓦块与回油温度上升，轴向位移增大，差胀大幅度变化，汽缸温度突
然下降，机组剧烈振动。
5) The temperature of thrust pad & returning oil rises, the axial displacement
increases, expansion difference changes greatly, the casing temperature
drops suddenly or the unit vibrates intensively.
6) 加热器或除氧器水位异常
6) The water level of heater or deaerator is abnormal.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) CCS故障或炉原因造成主、再蒸汽参数剧降。
1) The parameters of main steam or reheated steam drops intensively due to
the fault of CCS or boiler.
2) 锅炉满水。
2) Boiler is full of water.
3) 加热器满水。
3) Heater is full of water.

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4) 主、再蒸汽管道、抽汽管道本体疏水不彻底。
4) The draining of main steam pipe, reheated steam pipe and extraction pipe
is not complete.
5) 轴封汽源带水。
5) The steam source of gland seal is with water.
(3) 处理
(3) Treatment
1) 上述现象不一定同时出现,若确证汽轮机发生水冲击,应紧急停机。
1) The phenomenon above may not appear at the same time. If water impact
of the turbine occurs, shut down the unit in emergency.
2) 开启主、再蒸汽管道，汽机本体及轴封母管等系统有关的疏水门。
2) Open main steam pipe & reheated steam pipe, and the drain valves that
are related to such systems as turbine proper & gland seal main pipe.
3) 若由于加热器或除氧器满水而致，应立即切除故障加热器或打开除氧器事
故放水门，并加强抽汽管道的疏水。
3) If above problems occur because the heater or deaerator are filled with
water, cut off the faulty heater or open deaerator emergency water
discharge valve, and enhance the draining of extraction pipe.
4) 准确记录并分析惰走时间，及时投入连续盘车，测量大轴弯曲值。
4) Accurately record and analyze the coasting time, put the turning gear into
operation continuously and measure the curvature value of the shaft.
5) 严密监视推力轴承回油温度，轴向位移，上下缸温差及各缸的胀差。
5) Closely supervise the oil return temperature of the thrust bearing, the axial
displacement, the temperature difference between the upper casing and
lower casing as well as the expansion difference of each casing.
6) 倾听机内声音，监视振动情况。
6) Listen to the sound inside the turbine and monitor the vibration situation.
7) 若上述监视项目均未发生异常，则在发生水冲击原因消除后，并将主、再
蒸汽管道上的疏水彻底疏尽后方可重新启动。
7) If any abnormality of items above under monitoring does not occur, start
up again after the causes of the water shock has been eliminated and the
drainage of the main steam pipe & reheated steam pipe has been drained
completely.
8) 若上述项目明显超限，则应及时汇报有关领导，由总工决定是否揭缸或推
力瓦检查。
8) If above items obviously exceed the limit, report to relevant leader in time,
and it is decided by the chief engineer whether it is necessary to open the

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 casing or thrust pad to check.
2.7.6.4. 汽轮机超速

2.7.6.4. Turbine over-speed

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) 负荷突然至零，机组声音异常。
1) The load drops to zero suddenly and the sound during the unit operation
is abnormal.
2) 机组转速升至超速保护动作值后继续上升且汽机转速高报警。
2) The speed of the unit reaches the over-speed protection action value and
it increases continuously until turbine high speed signal alarms.
3) 润滑油压上升，汽轮机振动明显增大，声音严重异常。
3) The pressure of the lubricating oil increases, and the turbine vibration
increases obviously and the sound is seriously abnormal.
(2) 处理
(2) Treatment
1) 一旦发现汽轮机超速事故，应按紧急故障停机处理。
1) Once an over-speed accident of turbine occurs, it should be treated as
emergency shutdown.
2) 停运抗燃油泵。
2) Fire-resistant oil pump shutdown
3) 锅炉尽快泄压。
3) Release pressure for boiler as soon as possible.
4) 尽快汇报并组织人员对机组进行全面检查，待查明超速原因，故障消除且
确认设备正常，机组模拟超速试验合格后，方可重新启动。
4) Timely report and organize the staff to have an overall check to the unit.
Re-start the unit after the over-speed cause is found, the fault is
eliminated, the equipment is confirmed to be normal and the unit over-
speed simulation test is acceptable.
5) 机组做真实超速试验合格后，才能允许并网带负荷。
5) The unit can be allowed to synchronize and to be on load after the unit
real over-speed test is passed.
2.7.6.5. 机组异常振动

2.7.6.5. Unit abnormal vibration

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon

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1) 轴承振动大报警且CRT显示值增大。
1) Alarm for great vibration of bearing, and the CRT display value is
increased.
2) 就地振动明显增大。
2) The local vibration is obviously increased.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) 机组转子中心未调整好。
1) The center of the unit rotator was adjusted inadequately.
2) 机组轴瓦间隙未调整好。
2) The clearance of unit bushing was adjusted inadequately.
3) 汽缸金属温差大，引起汽缸变形或大轴弯曲过大。
3) The metal temperature difference of steam casing is too big, which leads
to the deformation of steam casing or bending of shaft.
4) 启动过程中暖机不充分。
4) The warming up is insufficient during the startup.
5) 启动升速中发生油膜振荡。
5) The oil film oscillation occurs during the speed increasing of startup.
6) 润滑油压过低或油质恶化。
6) The lubricating oil pressure was too low or the oil quality deteriorated.
7) 主、再热蒸汽参数发生剧烈变化。
7) The parameter of main and reheating steam changed greatly.
8) 汽缸内发生水冲击。
8) The water impact occurs in the steam turbine.
9) 汽机断叶片或内部构件脱落。
9) The blade of steam turbine is broken or the inner structure falls off.
10) 汽机滑销系统卡涩。
10) The sliding pin system of steam turbine was jammed.
11) 低压缸轴封供汽不正常、空负荷排汽温度高或真空过高引起转子中心破
坏。
11) The steam supply of LP casing gland seal was abnormal, discharging
steam temperature with no load or high vacuum was high which arouse
rotor center breaking.
12) 发电机定转子电流不平衡。
12) Current of generator rotor or stator was abnormal.
13) 测量装置异常。
13) The measuring device is abnormal.

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 (3) 处理
(3) Trouble Shooting
1) 汽轮机突然发生强烈振动，或内部有明显金属摩擦声音，应紧急停机。
1) If the steam turbine suddenly experienced huge vibration, or there is
obvious metal friction sound, the emergency shutdown should be carried
out.
2) 若机组在运行中，振动逐渐增加时，应观察相邻轴承振动是否明显增大，
就地测量振动情况，必要时适当减负荷，检查原因并及时汇报值长，加强
主再热汽温、轴向位移、润滑油压、轴承温度、真空、缸温等有关参数的
监视。
2) During the operation of unit, when the vibration gradually increase,
observe whether the vibration of next bearing is obviously increasing,
locally measure the vibration condition, if necessary, properly decrease
the load, find out the reason, inform the shift leader, and enhance the
inspection of corresponding parameter, such as main and reheating steam
temperature, axial displacement, lube oil pressure, bearing temperature,
vacuum and casing temperature.
3) 检查发电机定、转子电流情况并消除不平衡因素。
3) Inspect the current condition of generator stator and rotor, and eliminate
the imbalance factors.
4) 当轴振动突增0.05mm应紧急停机，禁止降速消振。
4) When the vibration value of shaft suddenly increases 0.05mm, the
emergency shutdown should be carried out, and the speed decreasing for
elimination of the vibration is not allowed.
2.7.6.6. 汽轮机断叶片

2.7.6.6. Broken on steam turbine blade

(1) 现象：
(1) Description:
1) 机组振动增大。
1) The vibration of unit increases.
2) 汽轮机内有明显的金属撞击声或盘车时有摩擦声。
2) There is obvious metal clash sound inside of the steam turbine, or friction
sound when carry out the turning gear.
3) 凝结水硬度、导电率可能增大。
3) The hardness and conductivity of condensate could increase.
4) 监视段压力升高，轴向位移、推力轴承金属温度异常。
4) The pressure of monitoring section is increased, and the axial
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 displacement and metal temperature of thrust bearing is abnormal.
5) 临界转速振动异常增大。
5) The vibration of critical rotating speed is abnormally increased.
(2) 原因：
(2) Cause:
1) 叶片频率不合格或制造质量不良。
1) The frequency of blades is unacceptable or of bad quality.
2) 汽轮机超速或运行频率长时间偏离正常值造成叶片疲劳。
2) The steam turbine operates with over-speed, or deviates the normal value
for a long time so that the blade gets fatigue.
3) 膨胀不均，引起动静部分摩擦。
3) The expansion was unequal to arouse the partial friction between static
part and moving part.
(3) 处理：
(3) Trouble shooting
1) 确认汽轮机内部发生明显的金属撞击声或汽轮机发生强烈振动，应立即破
坏真空紧急故障停机。
1) After confirming that there are obvious metal crash sound occurs inside
the steam turbine or huge vibration of the steam turbine, immediately
break the vacuum and carry out the emergency shutdown.
2) 若运行中发现调节级或抽汽压力异常，应立即进行分析，同时参照振动、
轴向位移、推力轴承金属温度变化，确认叶片断落应停机处理。
2) If the governing stage or extraction pressure is found to be abnormal,
immediately carry out the analysis according to the vibration, axial
displacement, and temperature changing of thrust bearing. If confirm the
blade falls off, the emergency shutdown should be carried out in time.
3) 汽轮机低压叶片断裂打破凝汽器钛管，凝结水硬度、导电度上升较小，但
机组无异音，振动无明显增大，应汇报值长，对凝汽器半面解列查漏。如
凝汽器水位上升，则启动备用凝结水泵。做好停机准备。
3) If the following descriptions are found, immediately inform the shift leader
to disconnect the half part of condenser for leakage inspecting. Such as
the titanium tube of condenser is damaged by the broken of low pressure
blades, the increasing of condensate hardness and conductivity is small,
no abnormal sound in unit, and the vibration has not obvious increasing. If
the water level of condensate is increased, start up the standby
condensate pump and make shutdown preparation.
2.7.6.7. 轴向位移异常

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2.7.6.7. Abnormal axial displacement

(1) 现象
(1) Description
1) CRT及记录仪显示增大。
1) The display of CRT and recorder is increased.
2) 轴向位移大报警。
2) Alarm for the axial displacement.
3) 推力轴承回油温度异常升高。
3) The oil-returning temperature of thrust bearing is abnormally increased.
4) 机组振动增大。
4) The vibration of unit is increased.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) 机组负荷突变或过负荷。
1) The unit load is changed or overload.
2) 蒸汽参数突变。
2) The steam parameter is suddenly changed.
3) 汽机水冲击。
3) Water impact occurred in the steam turbine.
4) 推力轴承故障。
4) The thrust bearing fails.
5) 通流部分结垢或叶片断裂。
5) The scaling or blade broken occurred in the flow part.
6) 凝汽器真空低。
6) Low vacuum of condenser.
7) 加热器突然停运。
7) The heater is suddenly stopped.
8) 发电机转子窜动。
8) The rotor of generator swayed.
9) 电网周波下降。
9) The frequency of grid suddenly decreases.
10) 测量装置异常。
10) Measuring device is abnormal.
(3) 处理
(3) Trouble shooting
1) 发现轴向位移异常，应立即核实查找原因，加强监视并作相应处理。

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 1) If the axial displacement is abnormal, immediately verify and find out the
reason, enhance the monitoring, and carry out the corresponding
treatment.
2) 若是机组负荷或蒸汽参数突变引起，应立即稳定工况，防止参数进一步变
化。
2) If it is caused by the sudden change of the unit load and steam parameter,
immediately stabilize the working condition in order to prevent the further
changing of parameter.
3) 若是机组发生水冲击或断叶片引起，应紧急停机。
3) If it is caused by water impact or blade broken, the emergency shutdown
should be carried d out immediately.
4) 若是通流部分结垢或凝汽器真空低引起，应适当降低负荷。
4) If it is caused by the scaling in the flow part or low vacuum of condenser,
properly decrease the load.
5) 当轴向位移达停机值或推力轴承回油温度达 80 ℃，应紧急停机。
5) If the axial displacement gets to shutdown value or the return oil
temperature of thrust bearing gets to 80 ℃ , the emergency shutdown
should be carried out immediately.
2.7.6.8. 差胀异常

2.7.6.8. Abnormal expansion difference

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) CRT及记录仪显示正增加或负增加。
1) The CRT and recorder display positive or negative increasing.
2) 差胀大报警。
2) Alarm for big expansion difference.
3) 汽缸内壁和法兰金属温差变化较大。
3) The temperature difference between inner casing and flange metal
changes greatly.
4) 高中压缸总胀比相应负荷偏大或偏小。
4) Corresponding load for expansion ratio of HP and IP casing is too high or
too low.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) 测量装置异常。
1) Measuring device is abnormal.

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 2) 启、停中加减负荷过快或正常运行中负荷突变。
2) The load increasing is too fast during the startup or shutdown or the load
is suddenly changed during the normal operation.
3) 蒸汽温度突变。
3) The steam temperature suddenly changes.
4) 汽机滑销系统卡涩。
4) The sliding pin system of steam turbine is jammed.
5) 机组从高负荷降至低负荷运行时间过长。
5) The unit spent too much time to drop the load from high to low.
6) 轴封汽温度过高或过低。
6) The temperature of gland seal steam is too high or too low.
(3) 处理
(3) Trouble Shooting
1) 在机组启、停的加减负荷过程中，根据差胀和缸温减小加减负荷速率，必
要时延长暖机时间。
1) During the load increasing and decreasing in process of unit startup or
shutdown, prolong the warming time to the unit if necessary, and
according to the expansion difference and casing temperature decreasing,
increase or decrease the load rate.
2) 正常运行中加减负荷应缓慢且保证蒸汽温度变化较小。
2) Increasing or decreasing the load during the normal operation should be
slow, and ensure the steam temperature changing is slight.
3) 当差胀至高Ⅰ值时，分析原因作相应处理，汇报上级，作好停机准备。
3) When the expansion difference gets to high-I value, analyze the reason,
inform the superior, and make the preparations for shutdown.
4) 当差胀至高Ⅱ值时，应紧急停机。
4) When the expansion difference gets to the high II value, the emergency
shutdown should be carried out.
2.7.6.9. 轴承温度高

2.7.6.9. High bearing temperature

(1) 原因
(1) Cause
1) 润滑油压力低或油质不合格。
1) The pressure of lube oil is low and the oil quality is not qualified.
2) 主油箱油位低或油流量减少。
2) The oil level of main oil tank is low or the oil flow decreases.

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 3) 冷油器冷却水中断或减少，冷却水温度高或油温自动调节失灵。
3) The cooling water of oil cooler is cut off or decreased, and the temperature
of cooling water is high or the automatic adjusting of oil temperature fails.
4) 轴承损坏。
4) Bearing broken
5) 机组过负荷。
5) The unit overloads.
6) 轴封漏汽大。
6) The steam leakage occurred in the gland seal is serious.
(2) 处理
(2) Trouble shooting
1) 发现轴承温度突然升高或轴承回油温度突然升高，应立即核实并分析原
因。
1) The temperature of bearing or the bearing oil return increases, and verify
it and analyze the reason immediately.
2) 及时调节润滑油温至正常值。
2) Immediately adjust the lube oil temperature to the normal value.
3) 若油质不合格，应加强滤油或换油。
3) If the oil quality is not acceptable, strengthen the oil filtering or change the
oil.
4) 若机组过负荷，应适当减负荷至正常值。
4) If the unit overloads, properly decrease the load to the normal value.
5) 若轴封漏汽大引起轴承温度高，则视凝汽器真空情况适当调整轴封汽压
力。
5) If the steam leakage of gland seal is too serious, which cause high
temperature of bearing, properly adjust the steam pressure of gland seal
according to the vacuum condition of condenser.
6) 当任一轴承金属温度达到跳机值或推力轴承回油温度高达跳机值时，应紧
急停机。
6) When metal temperature of any of the bearings reaches to trip value or
the return oil temperature of thrust bearing reaches to trip value, shut
down the unit immediately.
2.7.6.10. 凝汽器泄漏

2.7.6.10. Condenser leakage

(1) 现象
(1) Description

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 1) 凝结水导电度、硬度、钠离子、氯离子等大幅度增加。
1) The conductivity, hardness, Na ion, Cl ion of condensate largely increases.
2) 凝汽器水位升高。
2) Water level of condenser is increasing.
3) 凝汽器补水量异常。
3) The make-up water amount for the condenser is abnormal.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) 表计失常。
1) Instruments Failure
2) 凝汽器铜管泄漏或胀口漏。
2) The copper tube of condenser or the expansion point is leaking.
(3) 处理
(3) Trouble shooting
1) 发现凝汽器有泄漏，加木屑，加强水质监视。
1) If there is leakage in the condenser, the saw dust should be added, and
enhance the monitoring of water quality.
2) 隔离一侧凝汽器进行查漏。
2) Isolate one side of condenser to carry out the leakage inspection.
3) 若引起水质恶化，应按汽水品质异常处理规定处理。
3) If the fault cause the water quality deterioration, solve it follows the
regulations for solving the abnormal steam and water quality.
2.7.6.11. 油系统着火

2.7.6.11. Fire in oil system

1) 一旦发现火情，应立即采取相应措施，防止火灾蔓延，迅速联系消防部
门，并汇报有关领导。
1) Once fire is found, the corresponding measures should be taken
immediately to prevent the fire spreading, immediately contact with fire
fighter, and inform relevant leaders.
2) 油系统着火可使用干式灭火器或泡沫灭火器灭火，地面上漏油着火应使用
干砂灭火。高压轴封处因油挡漏油着火时，用干式灭火器灭火，禁止使用
CO2灭火器。
2) If the oil system is on fire, the dry type or foam type fire extinguisher can
be used. If the leaked oil on the floor causes the fire, the dry sand can be
used. In the HP gland seal position, fire caused by the leakage of oil catch,
the dry type fire extinguisher can be used, and it is no allowed to use the

99
 CO2 fire extinguisher.
3) 若火势不能很快扑灭，且严重威胁到机组安全时，应立即破坏真空紧急停
机。
3) If the fire cannot be extinguished quickly, and threaten the safety of unit
severely, the vacuum should be broken to shut down the unit immediately.
4) 若火势危及主油箱安全时，开启主油箱事故放油门，并控制放油使转子静
止前润滑油不中断，以避免轴承烧毁。
4) The fire threatens the safety of main oil tank, open the emergency oil
discharging valve of main oil tank, and control the oil-discharging to keep
the lube oil supply for rotor before stop.
5) 油系统着火时，必要情况下应降低润滑油压以减少外泄油量，不得已时可
停止油系统运行。
5) If the oil system catches the fire, if necessary decrease the lube oil
pressure to decrease the oil amount of leaking. If still cannot work, the oil
system operation can be stopped.
6) 当火势威胁到发电机氢气系统时，在破坏真空紧急停机的同时，隔断氢
源，发电机进行事故排氢。
6) When the fire threatens the hydrogen system of generator, break the
vacuum for emergency shutdown, at the same time, isolate the hydrogen
source, and carry out the emergency hydrogen discharge for the
generator.
2.7.6.12. 发电机氢气着火或爆炸

2.7.6.12. Hydrogen firing or explosion of generator

(1) 现象：
(1) Description
1) 发电机铁芯、线圈温度急剧上升。
1) The iron core and coil temperature of generator sharply increased.
2) 氢气冷却器出口温度和发电机出口风温升高。
2) The hydrogen cooler outlet temperature and the outlet air temperature of
generator rise.
3) 有绝缘材料焦臭味。
3) Some insulation material has burning smell.
4) 发电机内氢压升高，甚至表计损坏。
4) The hydrogen pressure inside the generator increases, even the meters
are damaged.
5) 如发电机内部有明火将出现剧烈的爆炸声响。

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5) If there is flame inside the generator, the terrible explosion sound will be
heard.
(2) 原因：
(2) Cause
1) 发电机漏氢,并遇有明火。
1) Hydrogen leaks from the generator and encounters with flame.
2) 发电机氢气纯度下降，含氧量超标达到临界点以上，同时机械部分碰摩，
产生火花或达到氢自燃温度。
2) The purity of the generator hydrogen decreases, the oxygen content
exceeds the requirement and reaches the critical point, at the same time,
the mechanical part starts friction, which causes spark or reaches to the
self-burning temperature of hydrogen.
(3) 处理：
(3) Trouble shooting
1) 如发电机各部温度急剧升高,应尽快检查发电机氢冷、水冷系统运行是否正
常，尽一切努力降低发电机各部温度。
1) If the temperature of every part in the generator is sharply increasing, the
operation of hydrogen cooling and water cooling system should be
checked immediately, and try hard to decrease the temperature of every
part in the generator.
2) 发电机内氢气纯度下降，应及时排污。氢系统泄漏，应设法隔离，并且泄
漏点周围严禁动用明火。
2) If the hydrogen purity inside of the generator is decreasing, discharge the
dirty matters immediately. If the hydrogen system leaks, the isolation
measures should be adopted, and it is not allowed to use the fire around
the leakage point.
3) 如发电机着火或氢气爆炸时，应立即破坏真空紧急停机，并及时向发电机
充CO2排H2置换灭火，必要时切断氢气源。
3) If the fire or hydrogen explosion occurs in the generator, the vacuum
should be broken for emergency shutdown, and put out the fire by filling
CO2 to displace H2. If necessary, cut off the hydrogen source.
4) 在机内氢气未排完之前，应使密封油泵继续运行。在灭火过程中，应保持
发电机水冷系统运行，直至火完全扑灭。
4) Before the hydrogen is discharged completely, the operation of seal oil
pump should keep running. During the process of flame out, the water
cooling system of generator should keep running until all fire flame are out.
5) 转子静止后，立即投入盘车运行，在火未完全扑灭时，禁止停运盘车装

101
 置。
5) When the rotor is stopped, the turning gear should be put into operation
immediately. Before the fire flame out, the turning gear is forbidden to stop.
2.7.6.13. 汽水管道故障

2.7.6.13. Steam and water pipe fault

(1) 原因：
(1) Cause
1) 冲刷减薄，疲劳损伤，焊接不良，振动等。
1) Weak washing, fatigue damage, bad weld, vibration, and so on.
2) 操作不当引起超温、超压、水冲击等。
2) The improper operation caused over-temperature, over-pressure and
water impact.
(2) 处理：
(2) Trouble shooting
1) 当管道发生故障时，应尽可能小范围内迅速隔离故障点。
1) When the pipeline has some faults, quickly isolate the fault point in a small
range as soon as possible.
2) 主、再热蒸汽及主给水管道破裂时，应立即紧急停机(不破坏真空)。高温蒸
汽外泄时，应防止烫伤并作好防火措施。
2) When the broken occurs on the main, reheating steam and main
feedwater pipeline, immediately carry out the emergency shutdown
(without breaking vacuum). When the high temperature steam leak, avoid
scald and take the anti-fire measures.
3) 低压汽、水管道破裂应设法进行隔离并消除，必要时应停机处理，同时注
意防止水淹设备。
3) When the LP steam and water pipeline is broken, the isolation and
elimination measures should be carried out. If necessary, the emergency
shutdown operation should be carried out and prevent the water flooding
the equipment at the same time.
4) 加强主要承压部件的金属监督，特别应注意疏水管座、弯头、焊口等的壁
厚测量及探伤。
4) Improve the metal of inspection of main pressure bearing part, especially
pay attention to the thickness measurement and flaw detection of
drainage water pedestal, bent and weld junction.
2.7.6.14. 厂用电全中断

2.7.6.14. Auxiliary power loss

102
(1) 现象
(1) Description
1) 汽轮机、发变组跳闸，有关声光报警发出。
1) The steam turbine and generator-transformer unit trip, and the
annunciator will send alarm out.
2) 各厂用母线电压、电流到零，所有交流辅机跳闸。
2) When the voltage and current of every auxiliary bus bar get to zero, all AC
auxiliaries trip.
3) 事故照明切换。
3) Emergency illumination switchover.
4) 各主、再蒸汽系统安全门可能动作。
4) The safety valve of every main and reheating steam system is possible to
act.
(2) 原因
(2) Cause
1) 机组故障或系统故障，且无备用电源或备用电源自投不成功。
1) The fault occurs in the unit or system, and there is no standby power
supply or the standby power supply cannot be put into operation.
2) 备用电源带厂用电运行时发生故障。
2) Faults occur when the standby power supplies the power to the power
plant.
3) 发生误操作。
3) Incorrect operation
4) 保护误动或越级跳闸。
4) Protection mis-act or override trip
(3) 处理
(3) Trouble shooting
1) 汽机跳闸。
1) Steam turbine trip.
2) 确认汽机转速下降，直流润滑油泵、空氢侧直流密封油泵自启。将旁路系
统切至手动控制，关闭高、低压旁路，查汽机防进水保护动作正确，发电
机油氢差压正常。
2) Confirm that the rotating speed of steam turbine is decreasing and DC
lube oil pump and seal oil pump self-startup. Switch the bypass system to
manual control, close the HP and LP bypass, and check whether the
action of water proof protection is correct, and the difference pressure
between the oil and hydrogen of generator is normal.

103
 3) 确认柴油发电机自启正常，380V保安两段恢复供电，否则手动启动。
3) Confirm the self-startup of diesel generator is normal, and two sections of
380V emergency power supply restore power supply, otherwise manually
start up.
4) 确认UPS、直流系统供电正常。
4) Confirm the power supply for UPS and DC system is normal.
5)保安电源恢复后，检查交流润滑油泵、密封油泵、顶轴盘车系统自启动正
常，检查整流器运行正常。
5) After restoring the emergency power supply, make sure the self-startup of
AC lube oil pump, sealing oil pump and the jacking turning gear is normal.
In addition, make sure the operation of rectifier is normal.
6) 汽机惰走期间，应注意倾听机组各部分声音正常，各缸差胀、振动、轴向
位移等参数的变化，注意惰走时间。关闭各疏水至凝汽器的手动隔离门。
6) During the coasting time of steam turbine, listen to the sound of every part
of unit is normal, pay attention to the parameters changing like difference
expansion of each casing, vibration, axial displacement and the coasting
time. In addition, close the manual isolation valve from drainage to
condenser.
7) 厂用电恢复后，按需要启动有关辅机。
7) After the auxiliary power is restored, start up the corresponding auxiliaries
according to the requirement。
2.7.6.15. 电网周波变化

2.7.6.15. Power grid frequency variation

(1) 现象
(1) Phenomenon
1) 周波表指示上升或下降。
1) The frequency gauge indication goes up or down.
2) 负荷变化。
2) The load changes.
3) 机组声音变化。
3) The unit sound changes.
(2) 原因
(2) Causes
电网系统故障。
The power grid failure.
(3) 处理

104
 (3) Treatment
1) 汽机周波允许连续运行范围为48.5～50.5Hz，当周波发生异常时，应注意
调速油压的变化情况，加强监视各辅机设备的运行情况，并按如下条件进
行运行限制：
1) The allowable frequency scope for continuous operation of turbine is
48.5 ～ 50.5Hz. When abnormal situation happens, pay attention to the
speed adjusting oil pressure variation. Intensify monitoring of the
operation situation of all the auxiliary equipments, the operation limits are
as follows:
47Hz以下 不允许运行
Lower than 47Hz operation is not allowed.
47~47.5Hz 0.7min
47.5~48.0Hz 4min
48.0~48.5Hz 30min
48.5~50.5Hz 连续运行
48.5~50.5Hz Continuous operation
50.5~51.0Hz 30min
51.0~51.5Hz 6min
51.5~52.0Hz 0.7min
52.5~52.5Hz 0.4min
52.5Hz以上 不允许运行
More than 52.5Hz operation is not allowed.
2) 偏周波运行期间，检查各监视段压力及主蒸汽流量不得超过极限值，加强
汽缸听音，检查发电机定子冷却水压力、流量、温度及进、出口风温变化
情况。
2) If the unit is running under the frequency deviating from the normal
frequency. Check the main steam flow of each monitored stage which
cannot exceed the limit. Intensify the casing sound inspection. Check the
generator stator cooling water pressure, flow, temperature and the air
temperature variation at inlet and outlet.
3) 低周时，注意各转机电流及出力的变化，注意凝汽器水位，必要时启动备
用泵。
3) When the frequency is low, pay attention to the variations of each rotor
current and output. Pay attention to the condenser level. If necessary, start
up the standby pump.
3. 辅机系统运行
3. Auxiliary System Operation

105
3.1. 范围、规范性引用文件

3.1. Scope、Normative Reference Document

3.1.1. 范围

3.1.1. Scope

本手册规定了印尼棉兰庞卡兰苏苏2X220MW燃煤电站项目汽轮机辅助设备系
统的运行、操作、维护和事故处理的一般原则和方法。
本手册适用于印尼棉兰庞卡兰苏苏2X220MW燃煤电站项目的汽轮机辅助设备
系统的运行、操作、维护和事故处理。
This manual covers the general principles and methods for operation,
maintenance and troubleshooting of turbine auxiliary equipment in Medan
Pangkalansusu Coal-Fired 2×220MW Power Plant.
This manual is applicable to operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of
turbine auxiliary equipment in Medan Coal-Fired 2×220MW Power Plant.
3.2. 循环冷却水系统的运行

3.2. Circulation Cooling Water System Operation

3.2.1. 循环水系统概述

3.2.1. Overview to circulating water system

本机组采用开式循环水系统。水源为海水，经处理升压后供给。每台机配一条
自流进水管，两台循环水泵，一台凝汽器及一根压力出水管。并配有凝汽器钛管胶
球清洗系统。
This unit adopts opened circulating water system. The water source is sea
water and it is supplied to different systems after treated and pressurized. The
circulating water adopts unit water supply system. Each turbine is equipped with
one gravitational flow water inlet pipe, two circulating water pumps, one condenser,
one pressurized water outlet pipe and rubber ball cleaning system for condenser
titanium tube.
3.2.2. 设备技术规范

3.2.2. Technical specification

表 3-2-1 循环泵规范
Specification for circulation pump is shown in table 3-2-1
项目 单位 规范
Items Unit Specification
型号
循 1600HLBK-19.2
Model

106
环 型式 立式斜流泵
泵 Type Vertical mixed flow pump
CW 一台机组数量
台
Pump Quantity equipped in one 2
Set
unit
容量
m3/h 18756
Capacity
总压头
m 19.2
Total head
泵效率
% 87
Pump efficiency
所需汽蚀余量
NPSH (net positive m 8.5
suction head)
转速
rpm 425
Revolution
出口联结管直径
Outlet connecting tube mm 1600
diameter
长沙天鹅工业泵股份有限公司
生产厂家
Changsha Swan Industrial Pump Co.,
Manufacturer
Ltd.
型号
YLKKT1500-14 TH
Model
功率
KW 1500
Power
电压
V 6000
Voltage
电 额定电流
A 190
动 Rated current
机 效率
% 95.2
Motor Efficiency
防护等级
IP55
Protective level
转速
rpm 425
Revolution
生产厂家 长沙电机厂
Manufacturer Changsha Motor Co.,
冷 型号
IHG50-160
Model
却
一台机组数量
水 台
Quantity equipped in one 4
增 Set
unit

107
压 流量
m3/h 12.5
泵 Flow
Coolin 扬程
g m 32
Delivery
water
booste 转速
rpm 2950
r pump Revolution
必须汽蚀余量
m 2
NPSH required
效率
54%
Efficiency
配套功率
KW 3
Assorted power
配套电机电流 A 6.3
型号
1600HD7BT43X6-0
蝶 Model
阀 尺寸
mm 1600
Butterfl Dimension
y valve 材质 Ni-Cr 铸铁
Material Ni-Cr cast iron
型号
旋 200RJC00-20X3
Model
网
流量
冲 m3/h 80
Flow
洗 扬程
泵 m 50
Delivery
Flushin
g 配套功率
KW 18.5
pump Assorted power
for 电机额定电流
rotary A 36.3
Motor rated current
sieve
转速
rpm 2930
Revolution

3.2.3. 循环水泵启动允许条件

3.2.3. Startup permitting conditions for circulating water pump

1) 循泵导向轴承冷却水流量不低；
2) 循泵推力轴承冷却水流量不低；
3) 循泵电机绕组温度不高(6点)；
4) 循泵及电机轴承温度不高(5点)；
5) 无电气跳、无联锁跳、无禁操、不在就地控制；
1) The cooling water flow of the guiding bearing of the circulating water pump

108
 is not low.
2) The cooling water flow of the thrust bearing of the circulating water pump
is not low.
3) The temperature of the motor winding of the circulating water pump is not
high (6 stages).
4) The bearing temperature of the circulating water pump and motor is not
high (5 stages).
5) There is no electric trip and interlock trip, and there is no disable operation
and local operation.
3.2.4. 循环水泵保护跳闸条件

3.2.4. The tripping conditions for circulating water pump protection

1) 泵运行20秒后液控蝶阀全关或关15°反馈来；
2) 循泵启动后60S出口阀未开；
3) 任一循泵及电机轴承温度(5点)高高。
1) From the feedback: the hydraulic control butterfly valve is fully closed or
has 15°opening after the pump runs for 20 seconds.
2) The outlet valve has not been opened 60seconds after the startup of the
circulating water pump.
3) The temperature (5 stages)of the circulating water pump and motor
bearing is high.
3.2.5. 系统投运前的检查

3.2.5. Check before the activation of the system

1) 检查确认自然条件、安装条件、输送介质、水位变化、冷却润滑水、动力
电源是否满足泵使用要求。
1) Check and make sure whether the following conditions meet the using
requirements of the pump: natural condition, installing condition,
conveying medium, water level change, cooling lubricating water, dynamic
power.
2) 第一次启动：联轴器未联接时，先让电机单独运行，检查电机旋转方向是
否正确，经确认后再联接泵联轴器和电机联轴器。
2) The first startup: if the coupler has not been connected, first make the
motor run by itself, and then check whether the rotating direction of the
motor is right, after that, connect the pump and motor coupler.
3) 检查泵的安装是否正确，供水、供电、电控系统是否完善、正确。
3) Check whether the installment of the pump is right, and the water supply,
power supply and the electric control system is perfect and right.

109
 4) 用板棒转动泵轴，检查旋转是否均匀，注意不要反向旋转。
4) Use the timber to rotate the pump bearing and check whether the rotation
is even, at the same time pay attention to the rotation direction which
should not be in inverse direction.
5) 检查冷却润滑水管路上的非电控阀是否全开通水(旁路管路上的阀关闭)，冷
却润滑水流量不小于3.0立方米⁄小时,压力为0.3MPa,水流量由流量开关控
制，流量低于2.7立方米⁄小时报警。
5) Check whether the non-electric control valve on the cooling lubricating
water pipeline is fully opened and the water flows through it(the valve on
bypass pipeline closes). The cooling water flow should be more than 3.0
m3/ h while pressure is 0.3MPa. The water flow is controlled by flow valves.
If the flow is less than 2.7 m3/ h, it alarms.
6) 泵安装后，在初次运行前，检查并清除吸入槽(池)内超范围的杂物。
6) After the installment of the pump, check and clean the foreign matters
which exceeds the permitting range in the absorbing tank (pool) before the
primary operation
7) 长期不运行的泵每一个月要启动运行30min.
7) For pump which is stopped for long period, start it monthly and operate for
more than 30min every time.
8) 每班要定期检查循环水泵房污水井水位，定期试验排污泵，并投自动位。
8) Each shift has to check the level of waste water well of circulation water
pump house periodically. Test blowoff pump regularly and put it at AUTO
position.
3.2.6. 循环泵的启动

3.2.6. Circulating water pump startup

1) 化 学 服 务 水 及 自 冷 却 水 至 循 环 水 泵 轴 承 及 电 机 轴 承 冷 却 水 总 门 开 启
(10PBJ11AA901、10PBJ11AA801、10PBJ11AA001、10PBJ11AA002)。
1) Open the cooling water main valve from industrial water and cooling water
to the bearing of circulating water pump and motor
bearing(10PBJ11AA901 、 10PBJ11AA801 、 10PBJ11AA001 、
10PBJ11AA002).
2) 冷 却 水 增 压 泵 进 出 口 阀 门 (10PBJ11AA201 、 10PBJ11AA202 、
10PBJ11AA401、10PBJ11AA402)开启，启动运行正常，备用泵正常投入
备用。
2) Open the inlet and outlet valves for cooling water booster
pump(10PBJ11AA201 、 10PBJ11AA202 、 10PBJ11AA401 、

110
 10PBJ11AA402), the pump can run normally and standby pumps are
ready for emergency.
3) 各循环水泵轴承及电机轴承冷却水分门(10PBJ11AA501、10PBJ11AA601)
开启投入正常。
3) Open the branch valves of CWP and motor bearing(10PBJ11AA901 、
10PBJ11AA801、10PBJ11AA001、10PBJ11AA002).
4) 循环水泵出口蝶阀关闭(10PAB11AA001、10PAB12AA001)。
4) Close the outlet butterfly valve of the circulating water
pump(10PAB11AA001、10PAB12AA001).
5) 凝汽器循环水出口蝶阀及入口门开启(10PAB21AA001、10PAB22AA001、
10PAB31AA001、10PAB32AA001)。
5) Open the outlet butterfly valve and inlet valve of the condenser circulating
water(10PAB21AA001 、 10PAB22AA001 、 10PAB31AA001 、
10PAB32AA001).
6) 凝汽器水室放水门及循环水系统放水门均关闭。
6) Close the water discharging valves of the condenser water chamber and
circulating water system
7) 自 动 空 气 门 及 凝 汽 器 前 后 水 室 放 空 气 门 开 启 (10PAB13AA201 、
10PAB13AA202)。
7) Open the air discharging valves in the front and back water chamber of
the condenser(10PAB13AA201、10PAB13AA202).
8) 循环水泵出口蝶阀液压站满足启动工作要求。
8) CWP outlet butterfly valve hydraulic station meets startup requirements.
9) 关 闭 胶 球 泵 入 口 阀 门 和 装 球 室 出 口 阀 门 (10PAH11AA001 、
10PAH12AA001、10PAH11AA002、10PAH12AA002)。
9) Close the inlet valve of rubber ball pump and outlet valve of ball filling
chamber(10PAH11AA001 、 10PAH12AA001 、 10PAH11AA002 、
10PAH12AA002).
10) 启 动 循 环 泵 ( 泵 启 动 主 令 器 ) ， 电 机 和 泵 冷 却 、 润 滑 水 系 统 电 磁 阀
(10PBJ11AA801)开启，水流对泵导向轴承进行润滑、对填料函进行冷却润
滑和密封，对电机推力轴承进行冷却。流量开关检测泵润滑水流量，满足
要求后，继电器延时180秒，出口阀开启15度，主电机通电，泵启动。
10) Start the circulating water pump (pump startup main switch)and motor.
Open the solenoid valves of pump cooling and lubricating water system.
The water flow will lubricate the pump guiding bearing, cool, lubricate and
seal the packing box, and cool the thrust bearing of the motor. The flow

111
 switch is used to monitor the lubricating water flow of the pump, after it
meets the requirement, the relay will delay for 180 seconds, and the
opening of the outlet valve is 20°, and then energize the main motor and
start the pump.
11) 旋开压力表，启动完毕。
11) Open the pressure gauge and the startup is finished.
3.2.7. 循环水系统正常维护内容

3.2.7. The normal maintenance contents for the circulating water system

3.2.7.1. 观察、检测泵组的振动和噪声，测量值不应超过以下规定值：

3.2.7.1. Observe and check the vibration and noise of the pump unit, and the
measuring value should not exceed the following specified value:

1) 在 电 机 上 部 轴 承 部 位 测 得 的 振 动 值 为 泵 组 的 振 动 值 ， 其 允 许 值 为
±0.07mm。
2) 机组噪声上限值为85dB。
1) The vibration value measured at the upper bearing part of the motor is the
vibration value of the pump unit, and its permitting value should be
±0.07mm.
2) The upper limiting value of the unit noise is 85dB.
3.2.7.2. 检查电机运行功率和泵的运行工况，是否偏离泵的性能曲线范围。

3.2.7.2. Check whether the operation power and working condition of the motor
deviate from the performance curve range of the pump.

3.2.7.3. 不允许在所规定的最低吸入水位之下长期运行。

3.2.7.3. It is forbidden to operate under the specified minimum absorbing water

level.

3.2.7.4. 在运行状态下，应充分注意填料密封处的温度，不允许超过规定值，一般
不超过环境温度 20℃，最高温度不得超过 50℃。温度过高时应调松填料压
盖紧固螺母，使填料处泄漏量增加，以降低温度。

3.2.7.4. Under the operating condition, pay more attention to the temperature of
the stuffing sealing position and it should not exceed the specified value,
usually, it should not exceed 20 ℃ of the ambient temperature and the
highest temperature should not exceed 50 ℃ . When the temperature is
higher, loosen the pressing cover of the stuffing and tighten the nut to make
the leakage rate of the stuffing increase to decrease the temperature.

3.2.7.5. 观察填料密封处的泄漏水是否过量(正常情况下为连续水滴)，可调节压盖螺
母进行控制。

112
 3.2.7.5. Check whether the water leakage of the stuffing sealing position is
excessive (it should be continuous water drop during normal condition ),
and it can be controlled by adjusting the nut of the pressing cover.

3.2.7.6. 经常检查冷却润滑水，切不可中断(在非自动控制的情况下)。

3.2.7.6 . Frequently check the cooling lubricating water without interruption(under

the non-automatical control condition).

3.2.7.7 . 每班检查拦污栅清洁情况一次，视脏污情况开启清污机进行清污工作。(具
体操作步序见就地操作台)

3.2.7.7. Check the trash rack every shift, and start the cleaner to clean up the
trash rack accordingly.

3.2.7.8. 每班定期检查循泵前池水位及旋转滤网运行情况。旋转滤网自动运行逻辑
如下：

3.2.7.8. Check the CWP front pond level as well as the operation of the rotary
seive every shift. The automatic operation sequence of the rotary seive is
as follows:

启动允许：无故障信号
1.
Startup permission：no fault signals
旋转滤网前后液位差高于 300mm，延时 5S，自动启动低速运行
2. Auto start the rotary seive after 5s time delay(low speed running)if the water >300mm
level differential before and after the travelling screen is higher than 300mm
旋转滤网前后液位差低于 150mm，(延时 5S，2S 脉冲)自动停旋转滤网
3. Auto stop the rotary seive (5s time delay, 2s pulse)if the water level differential <150mm
before and after the traveling screen is less than 150mm
旋转滤网前后液位差高于 400mm，联锁启动旋转滤网高速运行。
4. Interlock activation of rotary sieve to run at high speed if the water level >400mm
differential before and after it is higher than 400mm
旋转滤网运行前，联启反冲洗水泵，同时联开运行滤网冲洗电动门然后运转旋转
滤网。
旋转滤网自停后，联关冲洗电动门，关闭后泵自停。

5. Before start the rotary seive, the washing pump will be started by interlock, and
at the same time, the corresponding flushing MOV and then put the rotary seive
into service..
After the rotary seive stops, the flushing MOV of the screen will be closed by
interlock, and then the pump will stop automatically.
手动运行步序：
Manual activation of the washing pump
a、开启两台冲洗水泵出口手动门。
b、在DCS上启动冲洗泵，就地检查运行正常开启泵出口电动门及冲洗水电动

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 门，然后启动旋转滤网,进行冲洗。
c、运行结束后，在DCS上停止旋转滤网运行并关闭冲洗水电动门及泵出口电
动门，然后停运冲洗水泵。(注意:在循泵启动时,应该先启动旋转滤网进行冲
洗然后才能启动循环泵.)
a. Open the outlet manual valves of the two flushing pumps.
b. Start the washing pump on DCS system, check on local and make sure
it’s in normal operation; open the flushing MOV of rotary seive and put the
screen in service for flushing.
c. After operation, stop the rotary seive on DCS system and close the
flushing MOV, and then stop the washing pump. (Noting: during the start-
up of the CWP, make sure before start the CWP, the rotary seive should
be activated first.)
3.2.8. 循环水系统的停止

3.2.8. Stop of circulating water system

1) 如果有投“联动”备用的循环泵，将联锁开关解除。
2) 按下泵停止按钮(泵停机主令器)，出口蝶阀关闭至15度，电机失电，泵停止
运转。
3) 出口蝶阀关闭，延时90秒，冷却润滑水系统电磁阀失电后关闭。
4) 停机完毕。
1) If there is the activation of the “linkage” standby circulating water pump,
the interlock switch should be released.
2) Press the pump stop button (pump shutdown main switch), close the
outlet butterfly valve to the 30°, the motor has no power and the pump
stops running.
3) The outlet butterfly valve closes, time delay for 90 seconds, the solenoid
valve of the cooling lubricating water system closes after power-off.
4) Turbine stopping is finished.
3.2.9. 循环水系统常见事故处理

3.2.9. Common trouble shooting of CW water system

3.2.9.1. 发生下列情况应立即停止故障泵：

3.2.9.1. Stop the pump when the followings happen:

1) 发生人身事故时。
2) 水泵突然发生强烈振动或清楚地听到泵内有明显的金属摩擦声。
3) 轴承冒烟或着火时。
4) 电动机冒烟或着火时。

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 1) When the personnel is injured.
2) The severe vibration happens suddenly or the metal friction sound from
the inside of the pump is heared clearly.
3) The bearing smokes or catches fire
4) The motor smokes or catches fire.
3.2.9.2. 故障、故障原因及应采取的措施

3.2.9.2. Failure, causes and measures to be taken

表 3-2-2 Table 3-2-2

故障 故障原因 应采取的措施
Failure Causes Measures
电机或供电系统故障 专业人员检修电机或供电设备
Motor or power supply system Maintain the motor or power supply
failed. equipment by special personnel.
运动部件中有异物 清理转子部件
Foreign matters entering the Clean up the moving components.
不能启动
moving components. 检查轴承，确定是否需要更换
Cannot start
轴承被卡住 Check the bearings, ensure whether the
The bearing is blocked. bearing needs to be replaced.
启动条件不满足 检查应满足启动条件
The conditions for start-up are not Check that the conditions for start-up
satisfied. , which should be satisfied.
吸入侧或出口侧有杂物堵塞 清理滤网、吸入喇叭口、叶轮、导叶体、
The inlet or outlet is blocked by the 排

foreign matters. 出管路、阀系统的堵塞物

叶轮与叶轮室之间间隙过大 Remove the foreign matters in the filter,

The clearance between the inlet, impeller, guide vanes, discharging

impeller and impeller chamber pipe and the valve system.

调整间隙，必要时更换有关零件
流量不足或不 becomes too larger.
出水 叶片损坏 Adjust the clearance. If necessary,
replace
Blades are damaged.
the relevant components.
转向不对
更换叶轮
The rotation direction is not
Replace the impeller
correct.
校正转向
转速过低
Correct the rotation direction.
The speed is too low.
测量电压、频率、检查电机
有空气吸入、发生汽蚀

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 The speed is too low. Measure the voltage, frequency. Check
the
装置扬程过高
motor.
The lift is too high.
提高吸入槽(池)水位，调整工况
Enhance the level of suction pool. Adjust
the work conditions.
降低系统阻力，调整工况
Reduce the system resistance. Adjust
the
working conditions.
轴承损坏 更换轴承
Bearing damaged Replace it
泵内有异物 清理除去杂物
Foreign matters inside Remove it
叶轮与叶轮室发生摩擦 调整叶轮与叶轮室的间隙
Presence of friction between Adjust the clearance
impeller and impeller chamber
放松填料
填料压得过紧
Loosen it
超负荷 Packing is pressed too tight
检查电压频率、电机，并作调整
Over-load 转速过快
Check voltage frequency, motor and
High revolution make adjustment
电压下降或电气故障 专业人员检查、清理
Voltage reduction or electrical Professional personnel chaeck and
faults remove the faults
一相断线，单相运行 专业人员检查、清理
One phase disconnected, single Professional personnel chaeck and
phase in service remove the faults

转向不对 校正转向
Incorrect shaft direction Adjust direction
转速过低 专业人员检查频率、电机，并作调整

负荷下降 Low revolution Professionals required to check

frequency, motor and make some
Load 有空气吸入、发生汽蚀
adjustment
decrease Invasion of air leads to cavitation
提高吸入槽(池)水位，调整工况
corrosion
Raise the water level of suction tank and
吸入侧有杂物堵塞
adjust working conditions
Blocked by forengin matters at
清理吸入侧流道系统的堵塞物
suction side
Remove the clogging

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 填料压盖单侧紧固或紧固过度 放松后重新均匀紧固，保证有水滴连续渗
Packing cover fastened at one side 出
or overdo fastening Evenly fasten after loosening until water
填料箱发热 装配不良，轴心偏心过大 drops come out

Packing box Inappropriate assembly, large 检查校正

gets heated essentricity of shaft center Check and calibrate
填料老化，自润滑性失效 更换填料
Packing deteriorates, causing Replace packing
failure to conduct self-lubricating
扬程过高 降低系统阻力，调整工况
High delivery lift Decrease system resistance, adjust
working conditions
扬程过低
调整工况
Low delivery lift
Adjust working conditions
转向不对
校正转向
Incorrect shaft direction
Calibrate direction of rotation
产生汽蚀
提高吸入槽(池)水位，消除漩涡
cavitation
Increase the water level of suction tank
装配精度不高
to get rid of turbulance
Poor precision
提高装配精度
轴承损坏
Improve precision
Bearing damage
更换轴承
异常振动和噪 轴弯曲
声 Replace bearing
Shaft bends
Abnormal 校直
vibration and 联轴器联接螺栓松动或损坏
Align
noise Connection bolts of coupler loosen
拧紧或更换联接螺栓
or damaged
Fasten or replace connection bolts
检查，校平衡
转子部件不平衡
Check and calibrate
Inbalanced shaft components
检查和排除其影响
排出管系的变形力或负荷引起泵变
形 Check and eliminate effects
Pump deformation due to 专业人员检修
deforming force of drain pipe pr
Professionals give maintenance
load
加固基础
电机故障
Consolidate the foundation
Motor faults
基础不坚固
Foundation is not firmly fixed

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3.3. 凝汽器运行

3.3. Operation of Condenser

3.3.1. 凝汽器概述

3.3.1. The General Introduction of Condenser

凝汽器是汽轮机辅助设备中最主要的设备之一，它的主要作用是利用循环冷却
水使汽轮机排出的蒸汽凝结，在汽轮机排汽空间建立并维持所需要的真空，并回收
纯净的凝结水以供锅炉给水。
The condenser is one of the most important devices of the steam turbine
auxiliary equipments, its main function is to coagulate the exhaust steam of steam
turbine using the circulated cooling water, produce the required vacuum in the
steam discharging space of the steam turine, and recycle the pure condensate to
provide for the boiler as feedwater.
凝汽器喉部的四周由20mm厚的钢板焊成，内部桁架支撑使整个喉部刚性较
好。喉部上布置有汽轮机旁路系统的管路等。
The surroundings of condenser throast is welded by steel plate with 20mm
thichness, the throat has good rigidity because of the inner joist supporting. And
the pipeline of turbine bypass system is installed at the throat position.
壳体由20mm厚的钢板拼焊而成，内有支撑杆等加强件，具有良好的刚性。在
壳体内组成四组管束(管束为三角形排列)。冷却水经前进水室进入中间两组管束，
经后水室回转，然后分别从两侧的两组管束流经两侧的前出水室流出凝汽器。冷却
水在管束(包括后水室)内，作水平转向运动，使冷却水进入冷却管的水流速度均
匀，热负荷分布均匀。在每组管束下部均设有空冷区，其空气抽出管由汽侧空间引
出。冷却管的两端采用胀焊方式固定在端管板上，端管板与壳体采用焊接形式构成
一个整体，中间管板通过支撑杆与壳体侧板相焊，管板底部则借助于垂直支撑杆与
壳体底板焊接。在壳体内还设置了一些集水板和挡汽板，靠近两端管板处，还设置
有取样水槽，以便检测冷却管与管板之间的密封性。
The condenser casing is made of the steel plates 20mm in thickness welded
together. Inside it there are stiffeners such as supporting rods. So, the condenser
is of good rigidity. Four tube bundles are arranged trigonally in the condenser
casing. The cooling water enters the two tube bundles in the middle position
through the front water chamber, then, goes into the rear water chamber and flows
back. Then, the cooling water enters the front water chambers on both sides
through the tube bundles on both sides. Then, cooling water flows out of the
condenser. The cooling water in the tube bundle/water chambers changes the
direction horizontally, which make the water flow entering the tube bundle even

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and the heat distribution uniform. Air cooling space is set up under each tube
bunde. The air discharging pipe goes out from the steam side. The tubes are fixed
at the end tube plates through expansion welding. The end tube plates and the
casing is welded together. The tube plate in the middle is welded together with the
side plate through the supporting rods. The bottom of the tube plate is welded
together with the casing bed plate. Some water collection plates and steam baffles
are set up in the casing. The water sampling sinks are provided close to both end
tube plates for the ease of checking and measuring the seal between the tubes
and tube plates.
壳体下部为热井，本凝汽器采用热井与壳体合并的形式，凝结水出口设置在热
井底部，凝结水管出口处设置了消涡装置。
The lower part of the casing is hot well, the condenser uses the hot well and
casing combined type, the outlet of condensate is installed at the bottom of hot
well, eddy eliminating device is installed at the outlet of the condensate pipe.
前后水室均为由钢板卷制成的弧形结构，具有结构简单、流动性能好、阻力
小、振动小，利于水流进入冷却管等优点。为了防腐，与海水接触的水室内表面采
用了衬胶处理，厚度为5mm，并整体硫化。前水室分为四个独立腔室，旁边两个水
室为出水室，中间两个水室为进水室，后水室为两个独立腔室，前后水室与管板组
件均采用法兰连接的固定形式，便于更换冷却管，和水侧防腐。
The front and rear water chambers are made of the steel plates by means of
rolling them. They are of the simple structure, good flow, little resistance, slight
vibration, etc. so they are favorable for the water flowing into the tubes. In order to
prevent the corrosion, the surface of water chamber contacting the sea water is
treated with the lining rubber 5mm in thickness and sulfurized integrally. The front
water chamber is divided into 4 separate chambers, of which the chambers on
both sides are outlet chamber, two chambers in the middle are inlet chambers, and
two rear chambers are independent chambers.The front and rear chambers are
connected with the tube plates via the flange,which is favorable for tube
replacement and corrosion preventing of water side.
在喉部、壳体下部、水室上均设有人孔，以便对凝汽器进行检修、维护。水室
上还开有疏水孔、放气孔等。
The man holes are set up on the condenser throat, lower part of shell, and on
the water chamber for condenser maintenance and repairmen. The drain hole and
vent holes are also provided on water chamber.
凝汽器与汽轮机排汽口采用不锈钢膨胀节挠性连接，凝汽器下部为刚性支承，
运行时凝汽器上、下方向的热膨胀由喉部上面的波形膨胀节来补偿。在其底部设有
一个固定支座、四个滑动支座。考虑到凝汽器运行时随负荷及工况变化产生的自身

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的膨胀，四角处的支承采用滑动支承，滑动面采用PTFE板，在凝汽器底部中间处支
承采用固定支承，将凝汽器固定在基础上，其位置与汽轮机低压缸死点一致。
The condenser is connected flexibly with the exhaust opening through the
stainless expansion joint. The condenser bottom is on the rigid support. So when
in operation, the vertical expansion of condenser is compensated by corrugated
expansion joints on the throat. One fixed support and four slinding supports are
provided considering the condenser expansion caused with the load and work
conditions changing, the supports on four corners are slinding type, the sliding
surfaces adopt PTFE plates. The fixed support is set up in the middle of the
condenser bottom to fix the condenser on the foundation. The fixed support
location is in accordance with the dead point.
3.3.2. 设备技术规范

3.3.2. Equipment technology specification

表 3-3-1 凝汽器规范 Table 3-3-1 Condenser Specification
项目 单位 规范
Items Unit Specification
型号
N-10000
Model
设计绝对压力
bar 5.63
Desin absolute pressure
循环水流量
m3/h 37512
CW water flow
循环水进口温度
℃ 30
Inlet CW water temperature
循环水出口温度
℃ 34
Outlet CW water temperature
总有效换热面积
m2 10200m2
Total heat exchanging area
管束
12690
Tube bundles
材质
TA2
Material

3.3.3. 凝汽器的试验

3.3.3. Tests of the condenser

为了确保机组的运行性能，凝汽器在正式投入运行前，其水侧必须进行水压试
验，汽侧进行灌水试验，真空系统进行气密性试验。
In order to guarantee the operation performance of the unit, before the formal

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activation of condenser, the water side must have water pressure test, the steam
side has water filling test, the vaccum system has air air leakage test.
3.3.3.1. 水侧的水压试验（仅限新机组首次投运）

3.3.3.2. 汽侧的灌水试验

3.3.3.2. Water filling test of steam side

为了检验壳体及冷却管的安装情况，灌水试验在凝汽器运行前是不可少的，但
不能与水侧水压试验同时进行。灌水试验水温应不低于15℃，灌水试验时凝汽器应
加临时支承。汽轮机检修后再次启动前也要做灌水试验。试验步骤如下：
In order to inspect the installation condition of the casing and cooling pipe, the
water filling test is necessary before the operation of condenser, but it can never
be carried out with the water pressure test of water side at the same time. The
water temperature of water filling test should never be below 15℃, the condenser
should be added with temporaty supporting during water filling test. Water filling
test should be carried out after maintenance and before restartup of steam turbine.
The test procedure is as follows:
1) 关闭所有与壳体连接的阀门。
1) Close all valves connected with the casing.
2) 灌入清洁水，灌水高度应高于凝汽器与低压缸连接处约300mm。
2) Fill in clean water, the water filling height should be about 300mm higher
than the connection spot between condenser and LP casing.
3) 维持此高度24小时。
3) Keep the height for 24 hours.
在试验过程中如发现冷却管与端管板连接处、壳体各连接焊缝等处有漏水、渗
水及整个壳体外壁变形等情况应立即停止试验，放尽清洁水进行检查，发现问题的
原因并采取处理措施。
If the connection spot between cooling pipe and end tube plate, each
connective welding line of the casing is found leaking water, penetrating water and
the outer wall is deformed during the test, stop the test immediately, discharge the
clean water completely to inspect, find out causes and take the treatment
measures.
3.3.3.3. 真空系统的气密性试验

3.3.3.3. The air leakage test of the vacuum system

1) 安装、检修完毕或停机时间超过15天时,机组投运后3天内应进行严密性试
验。
1) When installation and maintenance is finished or the shutdown time is

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 over 15 days, the air leakage test should be carried out within 3 days after
the unit activation.
2) 机组正常运行期间,每一个月应进行一次严密性试验。
2) During normal operation of unit, carry out the air leakage test once per
month.
3) 严密性试验方法和要求。
3) The testing means and requirements of the air leakage test.
4) 试验时,机组负荷 应稳定在80%额定负荷以上。
4) During test, the unit load should be above 80% of rated value stably.
5) 关闭凝汽器抽空气出口阀门，应停运抽空气设备(如真空泵或抽气器等)30秒
以后才开始记录，记录8分钟，取其中后5分钟内的真空下降值计算每分钟
的真空平均下降值。
5) During closing the condenser extraction outlet valve, stop operation of
extraction air device (such as vaccum pump or the extractor) , take
record 30 seconds later, take record for 8 minutes, use the vaccum
decreasing value of the last five minutes to calculate the vacuum average
decreasing value per minute.
6) 真空系统严密性评价见下表
6) The evaluation reference of the vaccum system air leakage is shown in
the following table
表3-3-2 真空系统严密性评价标准
Table 3-3-2 Criteria on evaluating air leakage of vacuum system
真空下降速度 kPa/min 评价标准
The vacuum dereasing speed kpa/min Evaluation standard
≤0.40 合格 good
≤0.27 良好 Very Good
≤0.13 优秀 Excellent

3.3.4. 凝汽器的半面解列与投入

3.3.4. Condenser half side shut-dowan and start-up

3.3.4.1. 凝汽器半面解列

3.3.4.1. Half side shut-down

1) 将机组负荷降至70%额定负荷。
1) Reduce the load to 70% rated load.
2) 关闭解列侧凝汽器汽侧空气门(10LCT10AA001或10LCT10AA002)，注意其
真空值的变化，若真空急剧下降应立即中止操作。

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 2) Close the air valve on steam side of the shut down side of condenser
(10LCT10AA001 or 10LCT10AA002). Pay attention to the vacuum
variation. If the vacuum drops sharply, stop the operation immediately.
3) 关 闭 解 列 侧 凝 汽 器 循 环 水 入 口 门 及 循 环 水 出 口 门 (10PAB21AA001 、
10PAB31AA001或10PAB22AA001、10PAB32AA001)。
3) Close the circulating water inlet valves on shut down side of
condenser(10PAB21AA001 、 10PAB31AA001 or 10PAB22AA001 、
10PAB32AA001)
4) 检 查 关 闭 解 列 侧 凝 汽 器 胶 球 清 洗 出 入 口 门 (10PAH11AA001 、
10PAH11AA002或10PAH12AA001、10PAH12AA002)。
4) Check and close the rubber ball outlet and inlet valves on the shut down
side of condenser(10PAH11AA001 、 10PAH11AA002 or
10PAH12AA001、10PAH12AA002).
5) 开启解列侧凝汽器水侧放空气门及水侧放水门。
5) Open the air vent valve and drain valve on the shut down side of
condenser.
6) 切 除 凝 汽 器 循 环 水 电 动 门 (10PAB21AA001 、 10PAB31AA001 或
10PAB22AA001、10PAB32AA001)及胶球泵电源。
6) Cut off the condenser circulating water motor-driven
valve(10PAB21AA001 、 10PAB31AA001 or 10PAB22AA001 、
10PAB32AA001) and the power supply of rubber ball pump.
7) 注意凝结器真空。
7) One CW pump can be shut down based on the situation.
8) 注意监视汽轮机#4、5轴承振动、油温和金属温度变化。
8) Pay attention to monitoring the #5 and #6 bearing vibrations of turbine, oil
temperature and metal temperature variation.
3.3.4.2. 凝汽器半面投入

3.3.4.2. Condenser half side in service

1) 确证凝汽器半面清扫或查漏结束，内部无遗留工具、物件及人员；人孔门
上紧。
1) Confirm this side of condenser is cleaned up or the leakage checking is
finished, no tools, substance or personnel left in the condenser, the
manholes are closed tightly.
2) 关闭该侧凝汽器水侧放水门。
2) Close the drain valve on water side of this side of condenser.
3) 给 该 侧 凝 汽 器 循 环 水 电 动 门 (10PAB21AA001 、 10PAB31AA001 或

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 10PAB22AA001、10PAB32AA001)及胶球泵送电。
3) Switch on the power to CW water motor-drive valve(10PAB21AA001 、
10PAB31AA001 or 10PAB22AA001、10PAB32AA001) on this side and to
the rubber ball pump.
4) 稍开该侧凝汽器循环水入口门(0PAB21AA001或10PAB22AA001)充水，水
侧放空气门见水后关小空气门，全开凝汽器循环水入口门(10PAB21AA001
或10PAB22AA001)。
4) Open the CW water inlet valve slightly (10PAB21AA001 or
10PAB22AA001) on this side of condenser to feed water into it. When the
air vent valve on water side is top up with water, close the air vent valve
slightly. Open completely the CW water inlet valve (10PAB21AA001 or
10PAB22AA001).
5) 缓慢开启该侧循环水出口门(10PAB31AA001 or 10PAB32AA001)。
5) Slowly open the CW water outlet valve on this side of condenser
(10PAB31AA001 or 10PAB32AA001).
6) 开启该侧凝汽器汽侧空气门(10LCT10AA001或10LCT10AA002)，注意凝汽
器真空值应上升。
6) Open the air vent valve on steam side of this side of condenser
(10LCT10AA001 or 10LCT10AA002). Pay attention to that the condenser
vacuum value should go up.
7) 逐步将机组负荷加至正常。
7) Increase the unit load to normal level gradually.
3.3.5. 凝汽器运行维护一般要求

3.3.5. The general requirement of condenser operation and maintenance

凝汽器与真空系统运行维护必须遵守DL/T932-2005《凝汽器与真空系统运行维
护导则》。
The operation and maintenance of condenser and vacuum system must abide
by DL/T932-2005 Operation and Maintenane Guidance of Condenser and Vacuum
System.
1) 真空系统严密性试验合格。
1) The vaccum system air leakage test passes the quality test.
2) 凝汽器清洁状态良好。
2) The condenser is clean.
3) 冷却水流量满足设计要求。
3) The cooling water flow satisfies the design requirement.
4) 汽轮机轴封蒸汽压力正常，汽封系统运行正常。

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 4) The gland seal steam pressure of steam turbine is normal, the steam
sealing system operates normally.
5) 热井水位正常。
5) Water level of hot well is normal.
6)抽空气设备正常。
6) The extraction air device is normal.
7) 水封系统运行正常。
7) The operation of water sealing system is normal.
8) 仪表指示及连续保护正常。
8) The indication and connection protection of the meters is normal.
9) 凝结水过冷度合格。
9) The subcooling degree of the condensate is eligible.
10) 凝结水水质合格。
10) The quality of condensate passes the quality test.
11) 传热端差良好。
11) The heat conveying end difference is in good condition.
12) 机组停运超过3天时，应排除凝汽器水室中的冷却水和热井中的凝结水。
12) When the unit shutdown exceeds three days, discharege the cooling
water in condenser water room and the condensate in the hot well.
13) 机组停运超过一个月时，应对凝汽器采取干燥保养措施。
13) When unit shutdown exceeds one month, take drying protection measures
for the condenser.
3.4. 凝汽器胶球清洗装置运行

3.4. Operation of Condenser Rubber Ball Cleaning Device

3.4.1. 胶球清洗装置概述

3.4.1. Overview to the rubber ball cleaning equipment

胶球清洗系统设置两套独立的胶球清洗装置，每套对应于半侧凝汽器，可在机
组不减负荷的情况下，循环清洗凝汽器钛管，以提高汽机热效率和减缓钢管内侧的
腐蚀。
The rubber ball cleaning system is installed with two sets of independent
rubber ball cleaning equipment, each set is corresponding with one half condenser.
The condenser titanium pipe can be circulated cleaning when the unit doesn’t
reduce the load, to improve the steam turbine heating efficiency to buffer the
corrosion in the inner side of the steel pipes.
3.4.2. 设备技术规范

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3.4.2. Equipment technology specification
表 3-4-1Tabe 3-4-1
胶球泵 Rubber ball pump
型号 Model IZJ125-18AIII
流量 Capacity 90 t⁄h
扬程 Total head 18 mH2O
电机 Motor-driven
型号 Model Y160L-4
功率 Power 15KW
电压 Voltage 380V
装球室 Ball chamber
型号 Model DZQS-9010-YNML
收球网 Ball trap screen
型号 Model WBS-1600-YNML

3.4.3. 启动前的检查

3.4.3. Checking before start-up

1) 检查胶球清洗系统无任何检修工作，设备系统连接完好，各放水门关闭。
1) Check that no maintenance work going on the rubber ball cleaning
system.The equipment system connection is in good conditions. All the
drain valves are closed.
2) 手动盘转胶球泵的转子应灵活不晃动，无卡涩。
2) Turn the ball pump rotor manually, it should run flexibly without blockage.
3) 胶球清洗控制箱内各保险完好，合上电源总开关，控制箱上电源指示灯
亮，且网栅开，装球室关，胶球泵停止，胶球泵出口门(10PAH11AA002或
10PAH12AA002)及装球室充水门关闭。
3) All the protection device in the ball control box should be in good condition.
Switch on the power, the power indicator light on control box will be on,
the screen will open, the ball chamber will be closed, the ball pump will
stop, the ball pump outlet valve (10PAH11AA002 or 10PAH12AA002) and
ball chamber water filling valve will be closed.
4) 检查胶球泵的出口门关闭(10PAH11AA002或10PAH12AA002)，入口门开
启(10PAH11AA001或10PAH12AA001)。
4) Check that the ball pump outlet valve is closed (10PAH11AA002 or
10PAH12AA002), the inlet valve is opened (10PAH11AA001 or
10PAH12AA001).
5) 检查装球室无水,装球室在关闭位置,打开装球室盖子，投入900个符合要求

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 的 胶 球 ， 盖 子 关 闭 严 密 。 稍 开 胶 球 泵 出 口 门 (10PAH11AA002 or
10PAH12AA002) 及 装 球 室 放 空 气 门 充 水 ， 顶 盖 不 漏 后 关 闭 出 口 门
(10PAH11AA002 or 10PAH12AA002)及放空气门。
5) Check the ball chamber is without water. The ball chamber is closed.
Open the ball chamber over, put 900 eligible balls into the chamber. Close
the cover tightly. Open the ball pump outlet valve (10PAH11AA002 or
10PAH12AA002) and ball chamber air vent valve to fill water into it the
chamber. If no water leaks out of the top cover, close the oulet
valve(10PAH11AA002 or 10PAH12AA002) and the air vent valve.
6) 检查收球网在开位，调节阀能灵活转动，系统充水，放空气正常。
6) Check the ball trap screen is in open position. The governor valve can
move flexibly. The system is filled with water. The air vent valve is normal.
3.4.4. 胶球清洗装置投运

3.4.4. Ball cleaning device activation

按下“启动”按钮，清洗装置即自动按程序开始投运：网栅关—→胶球泵出口门
开—→胶球泵启动—→装球室开—→装球室充水门开，检查各阀门开关到位，运行
正常。程序运行清扫20分钟，收球20分钟后，清扫结束。
Press the button “START”, the ball cleaning device will be put into service
automatically based on the program: screen is closed—→ball pump outlet valve is
opened—→ball pump starts up—→ball chamber is opened—→ball chamber water
filling valve is opened. Check all the valve are closed or opened completely, and in
normal sevice condition. After 20 minutes’ cleaning and 20 minutes’ collection
based on the program, ball cleaning will be finished.
3.4.5. 胶球清洗装置的停运

3.4.5. Ball cleaning device stop

按下“停止”按钮，检查装置程序停止：装球室关—→收球20分钟后装球室充水
门关—→胶球泵停止—→胶球泵出口门关—→收球网开。检查各阀门开关到位，断
开控制箱总电源，开启装球室放空气门及放水门，放尽存水后，打开装球室顶盖，
清点胶球数量并记录收球率，清洗时间等。
Press the button “STOP” , Check the ball clean is stopped based on the
program: the ball chamber is closed—→ball chamber water filling valve is closed
after 20 minutes’ collection—→ball pump stops—→ball pump outlet valve is
closed—→ball trap screen is opened. Check all the valves are closed or opened
completely. Cut off the master power source of control box. Open the air vent valve
and drain valves on ball chamber to drain all the water out. Open the ball chamber
top cover. Count the ball and record the ball collection rate and cleaning duration,

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etc.
3.4.5. 胶球清洗注意事项

3.4.5. Precautions for ball cleaning

1) 胶球清洗必须在循环水系统运行正常后进行，一般应投入2台循环泵以上，
否则，影响清洗效果。
1) Only when the CW water system is in normal condition, the ball cleaning
can be carried out. In general, 2 CW water pump should be put into
service, otherwise, the cleaning effect will be affected.
2) 投运期应检查收球网确已在关位。
2) Check the ball trap screen is in closed position before ball cleaning device
is activated.
3) 清洗过程中应从监视窗监视胶球运动情况，经15分钟检查应有胶球不断返
回为正常，每侧清洗20分钟。
3) Inspect the ball moving condition through the inspection window in the
process of cleaning. Balls should return continuously within 15 minutes’
inspection. Clean each side for 20 minutes.
4) 清洗前应汇报值班员，注意凝汽器真空，循环水温升、端差，收球网前后
压力变化，并做好记录，发现问题及时汇报并加以处理。
4) Report it to the operators on duty before cleaning. Pay attention to the
condenser vacuum, CW water temperature, end difference, differential
pressure before and after the ball screen. Make the record. If find the
problem, report it and make the treatment.
5) 每次应检查胶球磨损情况，及时更换破损的胶球。
5) Check the ball erasion for each time cleaning. Replace the damaged balls
timely.
6) 每次清洗完后，应充分放完管道、设备内存水。
6) Drain the water in the pipeline and equipment completely after each time
cleaning.
7) 长期停运胶球清洗系统前，应尽量将凝汽器内胶球回收，停运期间应定期
活动各操作手柄，以防转轴发卡。
7) Try to collect balls in the condenser for the long-term outage of ball
cleaning sysem. During the outage period, move the operation handles
regularly to prevent the spindle from being stuck.
8) 清洗过程中发现故障时，应停止系统运行，排除故障后再投入。
8) If the trouble is found in the process of cleaning, stop the cleaning system.
After the trouble is solved, re-start the cleaning system.
9) 清洗时，每次只能清洗一侧。清洗前，应先倒灌水，放尽系统内空气再进

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 行。
9) Clean only one side for each time cleaing. Before cleaning, back fill water
to the system to discharge the air out completely.
3.5. 开式、闭式冷却水系统的运行

3.5. Open, Closed Cooling Water System Operation

3.5.1. 系统概述

3.5.1. Overview to system

1) 冷却水管道系统包括开式循环冷却水系统;闭式循环冷却水系统和一些公用
系统。
1) The cooling water pipe system includes open, closed cooling water
system and some public systems.
2) 开式循环冷却水系统是从循环水入水管道, 经滤水器和开式循环冷却水泵到
闭式循环水热交换器、主机润滑油冷却器、真空泵冷却器、发电机氢冷器 ,
最后回到循环水回水管道。
2) The open circulating cooling water system is from the water inlet pipe to
the closed circulating water heat exchanger, turbine lube oil cooler,
vacuum pump cooler, generator hydrogen cooler and finally to the water
returning pipe of the circulating water.
3) 闭式循环冷却水系统是从闭式循环冷却水泵到闭式循环水热交换器,供给水
泵机械密封水冷却器、给水泵电机空气冷却器、给水泵油站冷却器、送风
机冷却器、引风机冷却器、一次风机冷却器、空预器各冷却器、凝泵各冷
却水、低加疏水泵冷却水、空压机房冷却水、密封油系统冷却水、定冷水
冷却器、E-H油冷却器、取样冷却器经过这些设备后,最后回到闭式循环冷
却水泵
3) The closed circulating cooling water system is from closed circulating
cooling water pump to closed circulating water heat exchanger, and then
supply the water to the following coolers: water pump mechanical sealing
water cooler, feedwater pump motor air cooler, oil station cooler of the
feedwater pump, FD fan cooler, ID fan cooler, primary air cooler, all
coolers of air heater, condensate pump cooling water, LP heater drain
pump cooling water, air compressor room cooling water, sealing oil system
cooling water, stator cooling water cooler, E-H oil cooler and sampling
cooler. After these devices, it finally returns back to the closed circulating
cooling water pump.
3.5.2. 技术规范

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3.5.2. Technical specification
表 3-5-1
闭式冷却水泵
型号 SLOW200
流量 682 m3/h
扬程 54 mH2O
效率 86.6%
Table 3-5-1
CCCW water pump
Model SLOW200
Flow 682m3/h
Lift 54 mH2O
Efficiency 86.6%

表 3-5-2
电动机
型号 Y2-315M-4
功率 132 Kw
电压 380Ⅴ
额定电流 240 A
转速 1485 rpm/min

Table 3-5-2
Motor
Model Y2-315M-4
Power 132 Kw
Voltage 380Ⅴ
Rated current 240 A
Rotation speed 1485 rpm/min

表 3-5-3
闭式循环冷却水热交换器
换热面积 452 m2
设计压力 0.7 MPa
流量 750 t/h for hot side

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 820 t/h for cold side

Table 3-5-3
CCCW heat exchanger
Heat exchanging area 452 m2
Design pressure 0.7 MPa
750 t/h for hot side
Flow
820 t/h for cold side
表 3-5-4
开式冷却水泵
型号 SLOW350
流量 750 m3/h
扬程 26 mH2O
效率 84 %
Table 3-5-4
CCCW water pump
Model SLOW350
Flow 750 m3/h
Lift 26 mH2O
Efficiency 84%
表 3-5-5
电动机
型号 Y2-315M-4
功率 132 Kw
电压 380Ⅴ
额定电流 240 A
转速 1485 rpm/min
Table 3-5-5
Motor
Model Y2-315M-4
Power 132 Kw
Voltage 380Ⅴ
Rated current 240 A
Rotation speed 1485 rpm/min
闭式膨胀水箱：10 m3

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 Closed flash tank: 10 m3

3.5.3. 系统运行方式

3.5.3. System operation mode

1) 闭式循环冷却水水质为除盐水(凝结水)。闭式循环冷却水系统设有两台
100%容量的闭式循环冷却水泵，一台运行，一台备用;两台100%容量的闭
式循环冷却水热交换器
1) The water quality of the closed circulating cooling water is demineralized
water (condensate). The closed circulating cooling water system is set
with two closed circulating cooling water pumps with 100% capacity, and
one in operation, one in standby state, and two closed circulating cooling
water heat exchangers
2) 闭式循环冷却水通过闭式循环水泵升压后，经闭式循环水热交换器后送至
各用户。在闭式循环水热交换器中，闭式水侧的压力高于开式水侧的压力
2) After the pressure of closed circulating cooling water increases through
closed circulating water pump, and then it is supplied to the user through
closed circulating water heat exchanger. In closed circulating water heat
exchanger, the pressure at closed water side is higher than the pressure
at open water side.
3) 本系统设有一台10m3闭式循环水膨胀水箱,水箱用来向本系统补水
3) The unit is set with one 10m3 closed circulating water expansion tank
which is used to make up water to the proper system.
4) 从循环水进水管上接出一路至开式循环冷却水的管道，经过一台电动滤
网，两台100%容量开式循环冷却水泵(一台运行、一台备用)，经闭式循环
水热交换器后，回至循环水系统的出水管
4) One branch which is connected from the circulating water inlet pipe is to
the open circulating cooling water pipe, and finally return back to the
circulating water system through a electric strainer, two open circulating
cooling water pump with 100% capacity(one in operation and one in
standby state) and closed circulating water heat exchanger.
A 闭式水冷却器开式水系统的启动
A Start-up of CCCW cooler OCCW system
1) 开启闭式水冷却器开式冷却水系统放空气门及要投入的电动滤网放空气
门。
1) Open air vent in OCCW of CCCW cooler and air exhaust valve of motor
operated filter air to be activated.

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2) 打 开 两 冷 却 器 的 进 、 出 口 阀 门 (10PCB21AA001 、 10PCB22AA001 、
10PCB21AA002、10PCB22AA002)
2) Open inlet and outlet valves of the 2 coolers (10PCB21AA001 、
10PCB22AA001、10PCB21AA002、10PCB22AA002).
3) 开 启 两 台 开 式 泵 进 出 口 门 (10PCB11AA001 、 10PCB12AA001 、
10PCB11AA002 、 10PCB12AA002) ， 开 启 入 口 滤 网 后 手 动 门
(10PCB10AA002) 缓 慢 开 启 要 投 入 的 开 式 冷 却 水 入 口 滤 网 前 手 动 门
(10PCB10AA001)向系统充水
3) Open the inlet and outlet valves of two opening-type pumps
(10PCB11AA001、10PCB12AA001、10PCB11AA002、10PCB12AA002),
open the manual valve after the filter screen(10PCB10AA002), Slowly
open manual valve upstream of open cooling water inlet
filter(10PCB10AA001) to be activated to feed water to the system.
4) 检查放空气门冒水以后，关闭放空气门
4) Check and close air exhaust valve when water out from the air exhaust
valve
5) 全开要投入的开式冷却水入口滤网前手动门(10PCB10AA001)
5) Fully open manual valve upstream of open-cooling water inlet filter
(10PCB10AA001) to be activated.
6) 关闭两台开式泵出口门(10PCB11AA002、10PCB12AA002)，启动一台开
式冷却水泵，正常后开启出口门(10PCB11AA002 or 10PCB12AA002)，另
一台投入备用。
6) Close outlet valves of two opening-type pumps (10PCB11AA002 、
10PCB12AA002), start up one opening-type cooling water pump, and then
open the outlet valve (10PCB11AA002 or 10PCB12AA002) after it is
normal, put the other one standby.
7) 检查开式冷却水排至循环水回水管道
7) Check if the open cooling water is drained to circulating water return
pipelines
8) 将备用闭式水冷却器开式水进、出口门关闭。
8) Close the open water inlet valve and outlet valve of standby CCCW cooler.
B 主机真空泵冷却器开式水系统的启动
B Start-up of Main Vacuum pump Cooler OCCW system
1) 确认开式水泵启动正常后开启主机真空泵冷却器开式冷却水系统放空气
门。
1) After confirming that the opening-type water pump is normally started up,

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 open air vent of main equipment vacuum pump cooler open cooling water
system.
2) 缓慢打开两冷却器进口阀门系统充水
2) Slowly open inlet valves of t A & B vacuum pump coolers to be operated to
feed water to the system.
3) 检查放空气门冒水以后，关闭放空气门
3) Check and close air vent valve when water comes out.
4) 全开要投入的开式冷却水冷却器入口滤网前出口手动门
4) Fully open outlet manual valve of the opening cooling water cooler will be
operated.
5) 检查开式冷却水排至循环水回水管道
5) Check open cooling water if it is drained to circulating water return
pipelines
C 主机润滑油开式冷却水系统的投入
C The operation of opening-type cooling water system for turbine lube oil
1) 检查开式水泵已经启动正常。
1) Check the opening water pump is already normally started up.
2) 润滑油系统已经投入。
2) Lube oil system has been put into operation.
3) 开启运行冷油器的水侧放空气门。
3) Open the air discharge valve at the water side of operating oil cooler.
4) 稍开启冷油器水侧入口门，空气门见水后将其关闭。
4) Slightly open the inlet valve at water side of oil cooler, close the air valve
until water is seen.
5) 开启冷油器水侧入口门，根据油温开启冷油器出口门，用出口门调整润滑
油温。
5) Open the inlet valve at water side of oil cooler, based on the oil
temperature, open the outlet valve of oil cooler, and use the outlet valve to
adjust the lube oil temperature.
D 闭式冷却水系统的投入
D Operation of CCCW system
1) 开启闭式冷却水系统放空气阀及系统内要投用设备及用户的进、出口阀 (包
括两台闭式水泵的进、出口手动门)
1) Open air vent of enclosed cooling water system, as well as inlet and outlet
valve of the to-be-serviced equipment. ((Including the inlet and outlet
manual valves of two closed water pumps))
2) 打开闭式水箱下水门，通过闭式膨胀水箱补水门(10PGB10AA101)向系统

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 充水。
2) Open the water discharge valve of closed water tank, and fill the water to
system through closed expansion water tank water intake valve
(10PGB10AA101).
3) 打开闭式水系统补水门(10PGB10AA101)及闭式水箱补水调门前手动门
(10PGB10AA002)、闭式水箱补水调门后手动门(10PGB10AA001)并将闭
式水箱补水调节门(10PGB10AA101)投入自动，设定水位1500mm。
3) Open the CCCW water supply (10PGB10AA101) and the manual valve
upstream CCCW water tank level control valve(10PGB10AA002) , manual
valve after the CCCW water tank level control valve(10PGB10AA001),
and also put the CCCW water tank level control valve(10PGB10AA101)
into automatic control, set the water value at 1500mm.
4) 将排完空气的放空气阀依次关闭。
4) After air has been fully vented, close the air vent one by one.
5) 闭式冷却水膨胀水箱水位正常以后(1500mm)，关闭要启动闭式水泵的出口
门(10PGB11AA002或10PGB12AA002)启动一台闭式冷却水泵。
5) After the CCCW expansion tank level is normal (1500mm), close the
outlet valve of the to-be-started CCCW pump (10PGB11AA002 or
10PGB12AA002) and start one pump.
6) 检查闭式冷却水泵电流返回时间(2s内)、泵组振动、轴承温度、盘根温度均
正常开启出口门检查母管压力正常。
6) Check the following items in normal condition: current of CCCW pump
motor (the motor current goes back to normal within 2 senconds), pump
vibration, bearing temperature and packing temperature.
7) 将备用闭式水冷却器进出口门关闭、备用泵投入联锁。
7) Close the inlet and outlet of standby CCCW cooler, and activate the
standby pump interlock.
8) 根据需要缓慢投入其它用户。
8) Service other users accordingly.
9) 如果系统管路在停机后没有放水处于充水状态，系统不需要上水，直接开
启补水门把闭式水箱补水至1500mm然后启动闭式泵。步序同(5)、(6)、
(7)、(8)。
9) After unit shutdown, if the system pipelines are still filled with water, then
no more priming is required. Open the makeup water supply valve to
supply water to condensate storage tank to 1500mm, and then start
CCCW pump. Same sequence with (5), (6), (7), (8).
3.6. 辅助蒸汽系统的运行

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3.6. Auxiliary Steam System Operation

3.6.1. 系统概述

3.6.1. System overview

1) 系统设置一个辅助蒸汽联箱，供各用户不同参数的需求。辅助蒸汽联箱的
设计压力1.6MPa。
1) One auxiliary steam header is set up for the system to meet the
requirements on parameters from the consumer. The design pressure of
auxiliary steam header is 1.6MPa.
2) 第一台机组启动时，辅助蒸汽联箱的辅助蒸汽由启动锅炉房来，待本台机
组达到30%额定负荷时，将辅助蒸汽切换到本台机组的冷再热蒸汽供汽。
2) For the first unit start-up, the auxiliary steam of the auxiliary steam header
is from the starting boiler. When the load on this unit reaches 30% rated
load, switch over the auxiliary steam to the cold reheated steam of this
unit.
3) 两台机组的辅助蒸汽联箱有连通管相连，两台机组均建成后，机组启动
时，辅助汽源互为备用。
3) When the auxiliary steam headers of the two units are connected by the
connection pipes, the units are established. And when the unit starts up,
the auxiliary steam sources would serve as the standby for each other.
4) 辅助蒸汽系统为母管制，主要供空预器吹灰、炉底加热、燃油吹扫、除氧
器加热、轴封系统、汽轮机法兰螺栓加热等用汽。
4) The auxiliary steam system the main pipe system, which mainly supplies
steam to the are-preheater sootblowing, deaerator heating, gland sealing
system, turbine flange bolt heating, boiler bottom heating, fuel oil heating,
fuel oil purge and the small turbine commissioning.
3.6.2. 辅助蒸汽系统的投运

3.6.2. Activation of auxiliary steam system

3.6.2.1. 辅助蒸汽系统投入前的准备

3.6.2.1. Preparations before auxiliary steam system activation

1) 确证压缩空气系统运行正常。
1) Make sure the operation of compressed air system is normal.
2) 确证凝结水系统运行正常(减温水正常)。
2) Make sure the operation of condensate system is normal (the
desuperheating water is normal).
3) 系统各电动阀、调节阀送电。

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 3) Each motor-driven valves and governing valves of the system are
supplied with power.
4) 按系统阀门卡检查各阀门位置正确。
4) Check if the position of each valve is correct or not according to the
system valve card.
3.6.2.2. 启动锅炉供汽

3,6,2,2 . Start up boiler steam supply

1) 暖管
1) Pipe warm-up
a) 当启动炉压力达到0.2MPa时，缓慢开启启动锅炉供汽门进行供汽总管预
暖，投入疏水。
a) When startup boiler pressure reaches to 0.2MPa, slowly open the startup
boiler steam supply valve to carry out the steam supply main pipe pre-
warming and put the drain water into operation.
b) 缓慢开启启动锅炉至辅汽联箱供汽手动门(10LBH10AA001)送汽暖联箱，注
意充分疏水，防止管道振动。开启管道疏水箱至定排扩容器疏水门，待化
学化验疏水箱水质合格后，根据凝汽器抽真空情况，关闭至定排疏水门，
开启至凝汽器疏水门。
b) Slowly open the steam supply manual valve (10LBH10AA001) from the
startup boiler to auxiliary steam header and supply steam to war up the
header. Pay attention that the drain water should be enough to prevent the
pipe vibration. Open the drain water valve from the pipeline drain water
tank to the periodical drain flash tank, and after the chemical assay of
water quality of the drain water tank meets the requirement, close the
drain valve to the periodical blowdown flash tank and open the drain valve
to the condenser according to the vacuum extraction state of the
condenser.
c) 暖箱、暖管过程中，应维持汽压0.2MPa，时间30分钟，注意监视管道振动
及系统泄漏情况。
c) During the box and pipe warm-up, maintain the steam pressure at 0.2MPa,
and the time should be 30m minutes, and monitor the pipe vibration and
the system leakage.
d) 暖管结束，关闭管道上及联箱上的所有疏水门及疏水器旁路门，投入疏水
器。
d) After the pipe warm-up, close all the drain valves and drainer bypass
valve on the pipes and on the headers and put the drainer into operation.
2) 随着启动炉的升温升压，启动炉达到额定参数时，调整启动炉至辅汽联箱

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 供汽调节阀，逐渐升高压力和温度，保持高压辅汽联箱压力
0.6~1.25MPa，温度不大于351℃。
2) With the increase of the startup boiler temperature and pressure, the
startup boiler reaches rated parameters, adjust the governing valve from
the startup boiler to auxiliary steam header steam supply governing valve
to increase the pressure and temperature gradually and maintain the HP
auxiliary steam header pressure at 0.6~1.25MPa ， and temperature
should be no more than 350℃.
3) 根据用户要求，开启至用户各阀门，注意给用户供汽前，充分疏水暖管，
防止振动。
3) Open the valves to the consumers according to the consumer
requirements. Pay attention that before the steam supply to the
consumers, completely warm up the drain water to prevent the vibration.
3.6.2.3. 辅助汽源的运行方式

3.6.2.3. Auxiliary steam source operation mode

1) 单机运行时，母管由本机供汽，启动炉并汽备用。两台以上机组运行时由
可靠性较高的一台单独带母管，其它运行机备用。
1) When single unit is in operation, the main pipe steam is supplied by this
machine. Combine the steam of the startup boiler as the standby. When
more than two units are in operation, a more reliable machine drives the
main pipe and another serves as standby.
2) 各机辅汽联箱在机组运行时由本机四抽冷再供汽，冷再汽源备用，机组停
运时由另一台机组或启动锅炉供汽。
2) During the operation of auxiliary steam headers of each unit, the cold
reheated steam is the steam source. During the unit shutdown, another
unit or the startup boiler supplies the steam.
3.6.3. 辅助蒸汽系统正常维护内容

3.6.3. Auxiliary steam system normal maintenance content

3.6.3.1. 运行中控制参数：压力 0.6~1.25MPa，温度 335~351℃。

3.6.3.1. During the operation, control the parameter, such as pressure

0.6~1.25MPa，and temperature 335~350℃.

3.6.3.2. 注意调整各辅汽联箱压力、温度正常，管道投运时应充分疏水，防止管道
振动、法兰漏泄。

3.6.3.2. Pay attention to adjust the pressure of each auxiliary header and check if
the temperature is normal. During pipeline activation, drain water
completely to prevent the pipe vibration and flange leakage.

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3.6.3.3. 加强管道疏水箱水位的监视，注意疏水联锁应正常。

3.6.3.3. Reinforce the monitoring of the water level of the pipe drain water tank
and check if the drain water interlock is normal or not.

3.6.3.4. 在启动炉供汽的运行中，若启动炉满水，应立即切断至辅汽联箱的供汽，
并充分疏水，辅汽联箱由邻机或本机供汽。

3.6.3.4. During the startup boiler steam supply, if the startup boiler is full of water,
cut off the steam supply to the auxiliary header and drain the water
completely and the auxiliary header steam supply will be realized by the
adjacent unit and this unit.

3.6.3.5. 辅助蒸汽站正常运行中，疏水器应正常投入，其它管道上的低位疏水应根
据实际情况适当开启。

3.6.3.5. During the normal operation of the auxiliary steam station, the drainer
should be normally put into operation, and other low level drain water on
other pipes should be properly opened according to the actual situation.

3.6.3.6. 若带辅汽母管的机组发生故障时，应立即投入正常运行机组的再热冷段至
高压母管的供汽或启动锅炉关闭故障机组冷再供汽门。

3.6.3.6. If the unit with auxiliary steam main pipe has any fault, put the reheated
cold section to the HP main pipe steam supply of the normal operation unit
into operation or the startup boiler closes the failed unit cold reheated
steam valve.

3.6.4. 辅助汽源的停止

3.6.4. Auxiliary steam source shutdown

3.6.4.1. 确证辅汽联箱所有用户停用蒸汽。

3.6.4.1. Make sure that all the consumers of the auxiliary steam header stop using
the steam.

3.6.4.2. 联系启动炉准备停炉。

3.6.4.2. Inform the startup boiler to prepare for boiler shutdown.

3.6.4.3. 关闭辅汽至用户的所有供汽门。

3.6.4.3. Close all the steam supply valves from the auxiliary steam to the
consumers.

3.6.4.4. 停止减温器，退出自动调整。

3.6.4.4. Stop the desuperheater and deactivate the automatic adjustment.

3.6.4.5. 关闭启动炉至辅汽联箱供汽门，调节阀退出自动。

3.6.4.5. Close steam supply valves of startup boiler to auxiliary steam header and
the governing valve is put out of operation automatically.

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3.6.4.6. 开启各疏水器旁路门，关闭疏水出、入口门。

3.6.4.6. Open the bypass valves of the drainer and close the inlet and outlet drain
valve.

3.6.5. 控制与联锁

3.6.5. Control and interlock

3.6.5.1. 冷段供汽管道电动闸阀

3.6.5.1. Motor-driven gate valve on the cold reheated steam pipeline

该阀位于冷再热蒸汽至辅助联箱的供汽管道上，用以隔离冷再热蒸汽至联箱的
管道。该阀在控制室内既能手动操作，又能自动开、关。
This valve is on the pipeline from the cold reheated steam to auxiliary steam
header to isolate the pipeline from the cold reheatedsteam to the header. It is can
be operated manually in the contrl room or automatically.
1) 自动开启
1) Automatic open
a) 汽机高压缸排汽压力≥1Mpa。
a) The turbine HP casing exhaust steam pressure is≥1Mpa.
b) 本机运行时，另一台机组负荷低于30％负荷。
b) When this unit is in service, the other unit load is lower than 30% of rated
load.
2) 自动关闭
2) Automatic close
a) 汽机跳闸
a) Turbine trip
3.6.5.2. 冷段供汽管道电动调节阀

3.6.5.2. Motor-driven valve on the cold reheated steam pipeline

该阀位于冷再热蒸汽至辅助联箱的供汽管上，用以调节冷段至辅助汽系统所需
压力。
This valve is located on the pipeline from the cold reheated steam to the
auxiliary steam header. It is used to adjust the pressure from the cold reheated
steam to auxiliary steam header.
1) 汽机跳闸时自动关闭。
1) It will close automatically when turbine trips.
2) 只有在该阀前的电动闸阀全开时，其调节指令才有效。
2) Only when the motor-driven gate valve before this valve is opened
completely. The command for adjustment is effective.

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 3) 该阀应能在控制室内将冷再热蒸汽的压力自动调到1MPa.。
3) This valve can adjust the cold reheated steam pressure to 1MPa in control
room.
3.6.5.3. 辅助汽至除氧器加热蒸汽管道电动门。

3.6.5.3. The motor-driven valve on the pipeline form the auxiliary steam to
deaerator.

该门位于辅助联箱至除氧器的加热蒸汽管道上，用于隔离辅助联箱至除氧器的
供汽管道。该门应能在控制室内手动操作，也能自动启闭。
This valve is located on the steam pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to
deaerator. It is used to isolate pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to
deaerator. It can be opened or closed automatically or manually in the control
room.
1) 该阀位于辅助联箱至除氧器的加热蒸汽管道上，用以调节至除氧器的供汽
压力。
1) This valve is located on the pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to the
deaerator. It is used to adjust the pressure of steam supply from deaerator.
2) 自动关闭
2) Automatic close
a) 除氧器水位高三值。
a) The deaerator level reaches the High High Hight valve.
b) 四段抽汽压力>0.25Mpa.
b) The stage IV extraction steam pressure is >0.25Mpa.
c) 除氧器压力≥1Mpa.此时尚应强关辅助联箱至除氧器加热蒸汽管上的电动调
节阀。
c) The deaerator pressure is  1Mpa. Close forcedly the motor-driven
governor valve on the pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to the
deaerator.
3) 自动开启
3) Automatic open
四段抽汽压力0.25MPa.此时尚应强开辅助联箱至除氧器加热蒸汽管上的电动
调节阀。
The stage IV extraction steam pressure is  0.25MPa. Open forcedly the
motor-driven governor valve on the pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to the
deaerator.
3.6.5.4. 启动锅炉蒸汽至辅助蒸汽联箱电动闸阀

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3.6.5.4. Open the motor-driven valve on the pipeline from the starting boiler to
auxiliary steam header

该阀位于启动锅炉蒸汽至辅助联箱的供汽管道上，用于隔离启动锅炉蒸汽至辅
助联箱的管道。该门应能在控制室内手动操作，也能自动启闭。
This valve is located on the pipeline from the starting boiler steam to auxiliary
steam header. It is used to isolate the pipeline from the starting boiler to the
auxiliary steam header. It can be opened or closed automatically or manually in
control room.
1) 自动开启条件
1) Conditions for automatica open
机组启动时，两台机组负荷均低于30%额定负荷或汽机高压缸排汽压力均小于
1MPa。
When the unit starts, the load on both unit is less than 30% of rated load, or
the HP casing exhaust steam pressure is lower than 1MPa.
2) 自动关闭条件
2) Conditions for automatic close
两台机组负荷任意一台高于30%额定负荷或任意一台汽机高压缸排汽压力大于
1MPa。
The load on anyone unit is higher than 30% of rated load, or the anyone
turbine HP casing exhaust steam is higher than 1MPa.
3.6.5.5. 至邻炉加热分配集箱管道的电动截止阀

3.6.5.5. Motor-driven stop valve from the pipeline to neighboring boiler heat
header

该阀位于辅助联箱至锅炉邻炉加热集箱的供汽管道上，用以机组启动时加热炉
水，促进炉水循环，减少启动时间。该阀既能在控制室内手动操作，又能自动控
制。
This valve is located on the steam pipeline from the auxiliary steam header to
the neighboring boiler. It is used to heat the boiler water, improve the boiler water
circulation, reduce the starting time. It can be operated automatically or manually
in control room.
1) 自动开启条件
1) Conditions for automatic open
机组启动时辅助蒸汽压力大于锅炉水冷壁下联箱压力。
When the unit starts, the auxiliary steam pressure is higher than that of the
lower header of boiler water wall.
2) 自动关闭条件
2) Conditions for automatic close
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 机组启动时辅助蒸汽压力小于或等于锅炉水冷壁下联箱压力。
When the unit starts, the pressure of auxiliary steam is less than or equal to
the pressure of lower header of boiler water wall.
3.7. 润滑油系统的运行

3.7. Lubrication System Operation

3.7.1. 技术规范及系统概述

3.7.1. Technical specification and overview to system

汽轮机润滑油系统采用主油泵-油轮泵供油方式。主油泵由汽轮机主轴直接驱
动，其出口压力油驱动油轮带动离心泵投入工作。润滑油系统主要用于向汽轮发电
机组各轴承及盘车装置提供润滑油；向调节系统、保安系统提供部分用油；向发电
机氢密封系统提供密封用油油源；为主轴顶轴系统提供充足的油源；向汽轮发电机
组转子联轴器提供冷却油，并具有回油排烟功能。系统工质为 ISO-VG32汽轮机
油。
Turbine lube oil system uses main oil pump—oil impeller pump supply mode.
Main oil pump is directly driven by the turbine main shaft, and the outlet pressure
oil drives oil impeller to operate the centrifugal pump. Lube oil system mainly
supplies lube oil to the bearings and turning gear of turbine generator unit, serves
as the oil source of sealing oil of the generator hydrogen sealing system, supplies
enough oil source for the main shaft jacking oil system, supplies cooling oil to the
coupling of the turbine generator unit rotor, and it also has the return oil smoke
vent function. The system working medium is ISO-VG32 turbine oil.
3.7.1.1. 主油泵

3.7.1.1. Main oil pump

油泵为单级双吸离心式油泵，安装于汽轮机组前轴承箱内。泵轴与汽轮机主轴
采用刚性联接，由汽轮机转子直接驱动。它为主油箱油轮泵提供动力油。
Oil pump is the single stage double suction centrifugal type oil pump, and it is
installed in the front bearing box of the turbine unit. The pump shaft and the
turbine main shaft is rigid connection, and the turbine rotor directly drives. The
main oil tank oil impeller pump supplies the driving oil.
3.7.1.2. 油轮泵

3.7.1.2. Oil impeller pump

油轮泵由驱动油轮和供油离心泵组成。油轮泵是利用主油泵出口压力油喷射带
动油轮转动从而驱动离心泵工作的原理进行工作的。
Oil impeller pump is composed of driving oil impeller and oil supplying
centrifugal pump. The working principle of oil impeller pump is as follows: the
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outlet pressure oil injection of main oil pump drives the oil impeller running to drive
the centrifugal pump to work.
3.7.1.3. 集装油箱

3.7.1.3. Packing oil tank

油箱采用集装方式，将润滑油系统中的大量设备，如：交流润滑油泵、直流事
故油泵、高压启动油泵、单舌止回阀、双舌止回阀、油烟分离器、油位指示器、油
轮泵、电加热器以及内部管道等集中布置在油箱内，方便运行和监视，并且简化电
站布置，便于防火。正常运行时油箱容量27100 L。
The oil tank uses packing mode, and it is used to arrange the large equipment
of the lube oil system, such as AC lube oil pump, DC emergency oil pump, HP
startup oil pump, single tongue check valve, double-tongue check valve, oil-smoke
separator, oil level indicator, oil impeller pump, electric heater and the internal
pipelines are intensively arranged in the oil tank, and this arrangement is
convenient for operation and monitoring and simplifying the power station
arrangement for fire-proof. During normal operation, oil tank capacity should be
27100 L.
3.7.1.4. 高压启动油泵

3.7.1.4. HP startup oil pump

该泵为单级单吸立式电动离心油泵，型号为150LY-120X2，在机组启动冲转
时，启动高压启动油泵，为机组提供润滑油及低压安全油，保证机组正常挂闸冲
转。
This pump is single-stage single-suction vertical motorized centrifugal oil
pump, model is 150LY-120X2. Start up the HP startup oil pump to supply lube oil
and LP safety oil to unit when the unit is being started for rolling which is for
normal latching on and rolling
表 3-7-1Table 3-7-1
扬程 Lift 245 m 流量 Flow 170m3/h
转速 Speed 2984 r/min 电源 Power AC 380V
电机功率 Motor power 185 kw 额定电流 Rated Current 338 A
3.7.1.5. 交流润滑油泵

3.7.1.5. AC lube oil pump

该泵为单级单吸立式电动离心油泵，型号为150LY-35，在机组启动和停机工况
以及润滑油压低于0.05MPa时向汽轮机组各轴承、盘车装置及顶轴装置提供充足的
润滑油。其驱动电机为防爆电机。
This pump is single stage single suction vertical centrifugal oil pump, and the

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model is 150LY-35. During unit startup or shutdown, or when the lube oil pressure
is lower than 0.05MPa, it is used to supply enough lube oil to the bearings, turning
gear and the jacking device of the turbine unit. Its driving motor is explosion-proof
motor.
表 3-7-2Table 3-7-2
扬程 Lift 34.5 m 流量 Flow 168m3/h
转速 Speed 1470 r/min 电源 Power AC 380V
电机功率 Motor power 30 kw 额定电流 Rated Current 57.6 A
3.7.1.6. 直流事故油泵

3.7.1.6. DC emergency oil pump

该泵为单级单吸立式离心油泵，型号为150LY-23，仅供汽轮机组停机时使用。
当润滑油压低于0.04MPa或交流电失电时向各轴承提供润滑油，以满足汽轮机机组
安全停机。其驱动电机为直流电机。
This pump is single stage single suction vertical centrifugal oil pump and its
model is 150LY-23, and it is used during turbine unit shutdown. When the lube oil
pressure is lower than 0.04MPa, or during the AC power loss, it is used to supply
lube oil to each bearing to realize the turbine unit safety shutdown. Its driving
motor is DC motor.
表 3-7-3Table 3-7-3
扬程 Lift 23 m 流量 Flow 138m3/h
转速 Speed 1500 r/min 电源 Power DC 220V
电机功率 Motor power 17 kw 额定电流 Rated Current 92A
3.7.1.7. 冷油器

3.7.1.7. Oil cooler

润滑油系统中设有两台冷油器，为管式换热器，型号YL200-1。一台运行，一
台备用。它以开式水作为冷却介质，带走因轴承磨擦产生的热量。
There are two oil coolers in the lube oil system, and they are tube type heat
exchanger, and the model is YL-180-2. One is in operation and another is standby.
It serves as the cooling medium of the open circulating water which can take away
the heat generated due to the bearing friction.
表 3-7-4Table 3-7-4
冷却面积 进口油温
200 m2 65℃
Cooling area Inlet oil temperature
冷却水量 出口油温
210t/h 45℃
Cooling water flow Outlet oil temperature
冷却油量 2400L/ 冷却水温
30℃
Cooling oil flow min Cooling water temperature

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3.7.1.8. 油烟分离器

3.7.1.8. Oil smoke separator

系统中设有一套排烟装置，将排烟风机与油烟分离器合为一体，立式安装在 汽
机平台上。使汽轮机的回油管、油箱及各轴承箱回油腔室内形成微负压，以保证回
油通畅，并对系统中产生的油烟混合物进行分离，将烟气排出，将油滴送回油箱，
减少对环境的污染，保证油系统安全、可靠；同时为了防止各轴承箱腔室内负压过
高，汽轮机轴封漏汽窜入轴承箱内造成油中进水，在排烟装置上设计了一套风门，
用以控制排烟量，使轴承箱内的负压维持在0.2 KPa。
The system has a set of smoke vent device, and the smoke vent device and
the oil smoke separator are combined together, and are vertically installed on the
packaging oil tank cover. So the turbine return oil pipe, oil tank and the return oil
cavity chamber of the bearing box are in slight negative pressure to ensure the
smooth return oil flow and separate the oil and smoke mixture which is generated
in system. It exhausts the smoke and sends the oil drops back to reduce the
pollution to the environment and ensure the safety and reliability of the oil system.
At the same time, to prevent the high negative pressure inside the bearing box
cavity chamber and prevent the water flowing into the oil in the bearing box due to
the leaked steam escaping from the turbine gland seal, there is a set of air damper
on the smoke vent device to control the smoke exhaust volume, so the negative
pressure of the bearing box would be maintained at 0.2KPa.
表 3-7-6 Table 3-7-6
型号 MAYY-BB-2 容量 0.16-0.18m3/s
modle Flow
电机型号 1450 r/min 电源 380V
Mortor modle Power
电机功率 1.1 kw
Motor power

3.7.1.9. 切换阀

3.7.1.9. Switchover valve

切换阀为筒状板式结构，位于两台冷油器之间，在主油箱上。可使两台冷油器
相互切换，也可使两台冷油器并联运行。
The switchover valve is the sleeve plate type structure, installed between the
two oil coolers. It can make switchover between the two oil coolers and also the
two oil cooler can operate in parallel.
3.7.1.10. 电加热器

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3.7.1.10. Electric heater

在集装油箱中安装有6个电加热器，总功率为60KW，电压~220V。若机组启动
前，油温低于10℃，则开启电加热器，待油温升至35℃时，则关闭电加热器。
There are 6 electric heaters in the package oil tank. The total power is 60kw,
voltage is~220V. if the oil temperature is less than 10 ℃ before the unit start-up,
put the electric heater into service. After the temperature reaches 35℃, shut down
the electric heater.
3.7.1.11. 顶轴油泵

3.7.1.11. Jacking oil pump

系统设置有两台柱塞顶轴油泵，主要用于在机组启动、停机、盘车过程中，向
机组各轴承提供高压油，强制顶起各轴轴颈，使之与轴承间形成静压油膜，消除轴
颈与轴承的干摩擦。
The system is equipped with two plunger jacking oil pump. During unit startup,
shutdown and turning gear process, the jacking oil pumps are used to supply HP
oil to each bearing of the unit to lift up the bearing journals to form an oil
membrane between the bearing journal and the nearing to eliminate the dry friction
between them.
表 3-7-7 Table 3-7-7
型式 modle A10VSO100 型柱塞泵
电机型式 motor modle YB250M-4 型
电机转速 motor speed r/min 1480 r/min
电机功率 motor power kW 30

3.7.2. 润滑油系统的投运

3.7.2. Activation of lube oil system

1)启动主油箱排烟风机，轴承箱内负压维持在0.2 KPa。
1) Start up the main oil tank smoke vent fan and maintain the bearing box
negative pressure at 0.2 KPa.
2) 确认密封油系统投运时，排氢风机应运行正常。
2) Make sure that the hydrogen exhaust fan operates normally when the
sealing oil system is put into operation.
3) 根据油温情况，关闭冷油器的冷却水进口阀门，投入集装油箱加热器，提
高油温。
3) According to the oil temperature close the cooling water inlet valve of the
oil cooler and put the packaging oil box heater into operation to increase

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 the oil temperature.
4) 启动交流润滑油泵，润滑油打循环，检查出口压力0.276MPa，润滑油母管
压力在0.0785~0.147MPa，检查冷油器充油正常，切换阀投入运行侧。检
查油系统无泄漏，各轴承回油正常，注意主油箱油位下降情况。油位下降
较多时，应向主油箱再次补油至+100mm。
4) Start up AC lube oil pump and put the lube oil into circulating state. Check
if the outlet pressure is 0.276MPa, and if the lube oil main pipe pressure is
0.0785~0.147MPa. Check if the oil charger of oil cooler is normal and put
the switchover valve into the operation side. Check if the oil system has
any leakage and if the return oil of each bearing is normal or not, and pay
attention to the oil level drop of the main oil tank. When the oil level drops
a lot, compensate the oil to the main oil tank until +100mm.
5) 油温达到35℃后，启动高压启动油泵，开启冷油器冷却水进口阀投入冷油
器，调整油温在40~45℃。
5) When the oil temperature is more than 35 ℃， start up the HP startup oil
pump, open the cooling water inlet valve of the oil cooler and put the oil
cooler into operation. Adjust the oil temperature at 40~45℃，and put the
oil temperature automatic adjustment into operation.
6) 启动顶轴油泵，将各轴承之轴颈的顶起高度调整到设计要求，检查顶轴油
母管压力在18 MPa左右。开启各瓦顶轴油压表门，检查各轴承顶轴油压正
常，顶轴油管发热，油系统正常。
6) Start up the jacking oil pump, adjust the lifting height between the bearing
and the bearing journal to the design requirement, and check if the jacking
oil main pipe pressure is about 18 MPa. Open the jacking oil pressure
gauge valve of each bearing bush; check if the jacking oil pressure of
each bearing is normal, if the jacking oil pipe has heating and if the oil
system is normal.
7) 投入盘车装置，检查运行正常。
7) Put the turning gear into operation and check if the operation is normal.
8) 机组冲转，升速期间，高压启动油泵应正常工作，油压、油温及各轴承回
油油流、油温应正常。
8) During unit rolling and speeding increasing, HP startup oil pump operate
normally, and the oil pressure, oil temperature and the return oil flow and
oil temperature of each bearing should be normal.
9) 当机组转速大于1200 r/min时，顶轴油泵应联停。
9) When unit rotating speed is more than 1200 r/min, interlocking shut down
the jacking oil pump.

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 10) 当机组转速达到3000r/min，主油泵出口油压＞1.9MPa时，停高压启动油泵
和交流润滑油泵，注意油压变化。
10) When unit rotating speed reaches to 3000r/min, and the main oil pump
outlet pressure is more than 1.9MPa, shut down the HP startup oil pump
and pay attention to the oil pressure change.
11) 检查高压启动油泵、交、直流润滑油泵、顶轴油泵、盘车、联锁保护投入
正常。
11) Check if the HP startup oil pump, AC and DC lube oil pump, jacking oil
pump, turning gear and the interlock protection are put into normal
operation.
3.7.3. 润滑油系统的正常维护

3.7.3. Normal maintenance of lube oil system

3.7.3.1. 正常运行中，进入轴承的润滑油压应在 0.078~0.147MPa，调速保安油压应

≥1.80MPa。

3.7.3.1. During normal operation, the pressure of the oil which entering the bearing
should be 0.078~0.147MPa, and the speed governing safety oil pressure
should be more than or equal to 1.80MPa.

3.7.3.2 .各轴承进油温度应为 40~46℃，各轴承回油温度应小于 65℃。

3.7.3.2. Oil inlet temperature of each bearing should be 40~46℃, and the bearing
return oil temperature should be less than 65℃.

3.7.3.3. 主油箱油位

3.7.3.3 Oil level of main oil tank

1) 油位计(就地)动作正常，报警正常。
1) Oil level gauge (local) works normally, and the alarm is normal.
2) 正常油位：0±100mm。
2) Normal oil level: 0±100mm
3) 高油位：＋140mm报警。
3) High oil level: ＋140mm alarm
4) 低油位：－140mm报警。
4) Low oil level: －140mm alarm
5) 当主油箱油位运行中降至－100mm时，应进行补油，并做好记录。
5) When oil level of main oil tank drops to -100mm during operation,
compensate the oil and make a record.
6) 油箱污油区和净油区，两油位差应＜100mm否则应立即进行滤网清洗。
6) For the dirty oil area and the clean oil area in the oil tank, the oil level

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 difference should be less than 100mm, if not, clean the filter immediately.
3.7.3.4. 运行中检查润滑油油质，合理地调整轴封供汽，每周主油箱放水一次。

3.7.3.4. During operation, check the lube oil quality and appropriately adjust the
gland seal steam supply and discharge the water in the main oil tank once
a week.

3.7.3.5. 按定期工作要求，做油系统定期试验良好。

3.7.3.5. Carry out the oil system periodical test according to the periodical work
requirement, and the test result should be fine.

3.7.3.6. 冷油器的切换

3.7.3.6. Switchover of oil cooler

1)注意冷油器出口温度。
1) Release the automatic temperature adjustment of the oil cooler.
2) 初次或检修后的冷油器投入前，必须打开油侧放油门，确证无积水、无杂
质后方可投入。
2) Before the activation of the oil cooler after primary activation or the
maintenance, open the oil discharge valve at the oil side and make sure
that there is no deposited water or foreign matters, and then put the oil
cooler into operation.
3) 关闭放油门、放水门，开启水侧、油侧放空气门。
3) Close oil discharge valve, water discharge valve and open the vent valves
at water and oil side.
4) 缓慢开启冷油器注油门注油，油侧空气放尽后，关闭空气门。
4) Slowly open the oil filling valve of the oil cooler to fill oil, and when the air
at oil side is completely discharged, close the air valve.
5) 冷油器充油正常后，开始切换操作。
5) After the oil filling of the oil cooler is normal, carry out the switchover.
6) 稍开备用冷油器入口水门，水侧放尽空气后关闭空气门，全开冷油器入口
水门，适当开冷油器出口水门调整油温。
6) Slightly open the water inlet valve of the standby oil cooler, and when the
air at water side is completely discharged, close the air valve and
completely open the water inlet valve of oil cooler and properly open the
oil cooler water outlet valve to adjust the oil temperature.
7) 松开冷油器切换阀压紧手轮，缓慢转动切换手柄，并逐渐开大备用冷油器
出口水门，当切换阀转动到大于60%位置时，将备用冷油器与工作冷油器
冷却水出口阀门调至一致，然后将切换阀扳到位，关闭注油门。
7) Loose the compressed hand wheel of the oil cooler switchover valve and

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 rotate the switchover hand wheel slowly and gradually open the water
outlet valve of the standby oil cooler. When the switchover valve is
switched to more than 60%, adjust the water outlet valves of the standby
oil cooler and the working oil cooler to the same state, and then put the
switchover valve to the correct position, put the automatic temperature
adjustment into operation and close the oil filling valve.
8) 关闭退出运行的冷油器冷却水进、出口水门，缓慢关闭出油门。
8) Close the cooling water inlet and outlet valves of the deactivated oil cooler
and close the oil filling valve.
9) 冷油器切换注意事项：
9) Precautions for oil cooler switchover:
a) 冷油器在投、停或运行中，严禁水侧压力大于油侧压力；
a) During the activation and deactivation of the oil cooler, it is prohibited that
the water side pressure is more than the oil side pressure.
b) 切换中，严密监视润滑油压，油温变化出现问题立即停止操作，将切换阀
退回原状态，切换后，应注意油压、油温稳定后方可将切换阀手轮压紧。
b) During the switchover, closely monitor the lube oil pressure, and if there is
any problem of the oil temperature change, stop the operation
immediately and set the switchover valve to the initial state. After the
switchover, pay attention that when the oil pressure and oil temperature
are stable, compress the hand wheel of the switchover valve.
c) 停止后的冷油器如需放油时，应注意冷油器出口油压、主油箱油位不应下
降；
c) If it is necessary to discharge the oil of the stopped oil cooler, notice that
the oil cooler outlet oil pressure and the oil level of main oil tank should
not drop.
d) 如需要时，可将切换阀指向中间位置，使两台冷油器并列运行。
d) If it is necessary, set the switchover valve pointing to the middle to make
the two oil cooler operate in parallel.
3.7.4. 润滑油系统的停止

3.7.4. Shutdown of lube oil system

3.7.4.1. 机组停机时，当主机组转速降至 2850r/min 时，应联锁启动交流润滑油泵和

高压启动油泵。

3.7.4.1. During unit shutdown, when turbine rotating speed drops to 2850r/min,
interlocking start up the AC lube oil pump and the HP start up oil pump.

3.7.4.2. 当机组转速降至 1200 r/min，应联锁启动顶轴油泵。

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3.7.4.2. When turbine rotating speed drops to 1200 r/min, interlocking start up the
jacking oil pump.

3.7.4.3. 投入盘车后，应停止高压启动油泵。

3.7.4.3. After the turning gear is put into operation, shut down the HP startup oil
pump.

3.7.4.4. 在发电机充氢气状态下，应保持主油箱排烟风机及隔氢装置上的排氢风机
运行，在停运主机油系统前，应检查主油箱至密封油系统供油门开启，防止
空侧油泵断油。当密封油系统停运后，确证主油箱无油烟时方可停排烟风
机、排氢风机。

3.7.4.4. When the generator is in hydrogen filling state, maintain the operation of
main oil tank smoke vent fan and hydrogen isolating fan. Before turbine oil
system shutdown, check if the oil supply valves from main oil tank to
sealing oil system are opened to prevent the oil cut-off of oil pump at the air
side. When the sealing oil system is shut down, stop the operation of
smoke vent fan and the hydrogen vent fan if there is no oil smoke in the
main oil tank.

3.7.4.5 . 密封油系统停运，投入主机润滑油系统时，应关闭润滑油至密封油供油二
次门，防止发电机进油。

3.7.4.5. When the sealing oil system is deactivated, and the turbine lube oil system
is put into operation, close the secondary oil supply valve from the lube oil
to the sealing oil to prevent the oil entering the generator.

3.7.5. 盘车装置的运行规定

3.7.5. Operation regulations for turning Gear

1) 投入盘车时，转子转速必须为0，方可投运。
1) When the rotating speed is 0, the turning gear can be put into operation.
2) 投入盘车前，应先投交流润滑油泵及顶轴油泵正常，油温应控制在30~35℃
范围。
2) Before turning gear activation, put the AC lube oil pump and the jacking oil
pump into normal operation and the oil temperature should be within
30~35℃.
3) 机组冲转前，盘车电磁阀未关，不允许冲转。
3) Before unit rolling, if the turning gear solenoid valve is not closed, it is not
allowed to carry out the rolling.
4) 当盘车电机电流过大或转子盘不动时，不可强行盘车。
4) When the turning gear motor current is too large or the rotor cannot be
rotated, it is not allowed to carry out the turning gear by force.
5) 停机转速到零，应立即投入盘车，连续盘车到高压下缸调节级处内壁金属

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 温度降到200℃时，可改用间歇盘车并降到150℃时停止盘车转子转速到零
停止顶轴油泵。
5) During the shutdown, when the rotating speed is zero, put the turning gear
into operation, and carry out the continuous turning gear until the inner
wall metal temperature of HP lower casing governing stage, when the
rotating speed drops to 150 ℃ ， shut down the turning gear until the
rotation speed to zero, and then stop the jacking oil pump.
6) 停盘车12小时后，方可停止润滑油泵。
6) After turning gear is shut down for 12 hours, shut down the lube oil pump.
7) 在盘车时，如果有摩擦声或其它不正常情况时，应停止连续盘车而改为定
期盘车。若有热弯曲时，应用间歇盘车的方式消除热弯曲后再连续盘车4小
时以上。
7) During the turning gear, if there is any friction sound or any abnormal
situation shut down continuous turning gear and change to periodical
turning gear. If there is thermal bending, carry out the interval turning gear
to eliminate the thermal bending and the carry out the turning gear for
more than 4 hours.
8) 盘车状态时，转子偏心率大于原始值0.02mm时，应连续盘车直到小于原始
值0.02mm。
8) During the turning gear, if the rotor eccentricity is 0.02mm more than the
initial value, carry out the continuous turning gear until the rotor
eccentricity is 0.02mm less than the initial value.
9) 热态启动前，连续盘车时间不应小于4小时。
9) Before hot state startup, the continuous turning gear time should be less
than 4 hours.
10) 热态情况下连续盘车，如因某种原因盘车停运时，应记录停运时间：一般
不应超过10分钟。重新投运时，应先手动盘车180°并停留相等时间，再可
连续盘车并要延长盘车2小时以上。
10) During the hot state continuous turning gear, if there is any problem which
causes the turning gear shutdown, record the shutdown time, and usually
it should be no more than 10 minutes. When the turning gear is put into
operation again, carry out the turning gear manually for 180°and wait for
the same time. And then carry out the continuous turning gear and extend
the turning gear time for more than 2 hours.
11) 机组在连续盘车状态下，应注意盘车电流，若发现盘车电流周期性摆动，
应进行必要的分析和检查。
11) When the unit is in continuous turning gear state, pay attention to the

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 turning gear current. If there is any turning gear periodical sway, carry out
the necessary analysis and inspection.
12) 电动盘车有问题需手动盘车时，一定要确保电机电源已断开，以防突然电
动投入使盘车手轮打伤人员。
12) If it is necessary to carry out the manual turning gear when the motor
turning gear fails, make sure that the motor power is cut off, or when the
motor is suddenly put into operation, the turning gear wheel may hurt the
personnel.
3.7.6. 润滑油系统常见事故处理

3.7.6. Common failure for lube oil system

3.7.6.1. 油压下降，油位不变

3.7.6.1. The oil pressure drops, but oil level does not change.

1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 主油泵、油轮泵工作失常；
a) The main oil pump and oil impeller pump is in malfunction.
b) 前箱内压力油管或套装油管内部压力油管道泄漏；
b) The pressure oil pipeline in the front bearing box or in the shrunk-on oil
pipeline leaks.
c) 高压启动油泵或润滑油泵出口逆止门不严；
c) The HP starting oil pump or lube oil pump outlet check valve is not tight.
d) 冷油器切换不规范或设备有缺陷造成切换不到位。
d) The oil coolers are transferred not based on the regulation or the
transferring can not be done completely because of the equipment defects.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 若确认主油泵或油轮泵故障，应启动高压启动油泵和交流润滑油泵，汇报
值长，按故障停机处理；
a) If confirm that the main oil pump or oil impeller pump failed, start up the
HP starting oil pump and AC lube oil pump. Report it to the shift leader.
Shut down the unit.
b) 若属油泵出口逆止门不严，溢油阀工作失常引起，汇报值长，联系处理；
b) If it is caused by the untightness of oil pump outlet check valve and
malfunction of overflow valve. Report it to the shift leader. Contact the
relevant personnel to treat it.
c) 主油泵出口油压降到1.8MPa时，启动高压启动油泵和交流润滑油泵，查明

154
 原因，做好停机准备；
c) When the main oil pump outlet pressure reduces to 1.8MPa, start up the
HP starting oil pump and AC lube oil pump, find out the reasons. Prepare
for stopping the unit.
d) 当润滑油压较正常值有所下降时，应查明原因，必要时启动交流润滑油
泵。当油压降至0.049MPa时，报警；油压降至0.04MPa时，直流油泵应联
启投入，油压继续下降到0.03Mpa时，汽机自动停机，否则手动启动直流油
泵，破坏真空紧急停机。
d) When the lube oil pressure is lower than the normal value, find out
reasons. If necessary, start up the AC lube oil pump. When the oil
pressure drops to 0.049MPa, alarm signal will be sent out. When oil
pressure decreases to 0.04MPa, the DC oil pump should start through
interlock. When the oil pressure drops to 0.03Mpa, Turbine will stop
automatically. Otherwise, start up the DC oil pump manually; stop the
turbine through breaking the vacuum.
3.7.6.2. 油压不变，油位下降

3.7.6.2. The oil pressure is kept, but oil level drops

1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 油位计失常；
a) The oil indicator guage is in malfunction.
b) 油管路、冷油器漏油；
b) Oil pipeline and oil cooler leaks.
c) 油箱事故放油门或放水门误开；
c) The emergency oil drain valve on oil tank or water drain valve is mis-
opened.
d) 发电机进油。
d) Oil enters the generator.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 校对油位计，根据油箱油位及时补油；
a) Calibrate the oil level indicator. Add oil based on the oil tank level.
b) 若属误开放油门或放水门应及时关严；
b) If it is caused by the mis-opening of oil drain valve or water drain valve,
close it tightly.
c) 检查调整密封油箱油位正常；

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 c) Check and adjut the seal oil tank level to normal position.
d) 立即对油系统进行全面检查，漏油接近高温管道时，应采取防火措施，严
防火灾事故发生；
d) Check the oil system thoroughly right away. When the oil leakage
approaches the high temperature pipeline， take the preventive measures
to prevent the fire hazard.
e) 若主油箱油位下降，采取措施无效，降至-140mm时，应立即破坏真空紧急
停机。
e) If the main oil tank level drops, the measure taken is ineffective.When it
reduces to -140mm, stop the turbine through breaking the vacuum.
3.7.6.3. 油压、油位同时下降

3.7.6.3. Oil pressure and level drops simultaneously

1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 压力油管路漏油；
a) Pressure oil pipeline leaks.
b) 冷油器铜管破裂。
b) Oil cooler copper tubes are broken.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 立即启动高压启动油泵和交流润滑油泵；
a) Start up the HP starting oil pump and AC lube oil pump immediately.
b) 迅速查明漏油管路，并采取措施，防止油漏到热体表面引起火灾；
b) Find out the oil pipeline with leakage promptly; take measures to prevent
oil leakage from approaching the heat equipment which will lead to fire
hazard.
c) 若冷油器漏油，应立即切换为备用冷油器运行；
c) If the oil cooler leaks, switch it over to the spare oil cooler immediately.
d) 油压降至0.03MPa，自动停机，否则手动启动直流油泵、紧急故障停机；
d) When the oil pressure drops to 0.03MPa, turbine will stop automatically.
Otherwise, start up the DC oil pump manually. Stop the turbine urgently.
e) 必要时油箱补油，当油位下降至-140mm时，应立即破坏真空紧急停机。
e) If necessary, add oil to the oil tank. If the oil level drops to -140mm,
immediately shut down the turbine through breaking the vacuum.
3.7.6.4. 轴承温度升高

3.7.6.4. Bearing temperature rise

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 任一轴瓦因进油管进入脏物或由于任何原因引起轴承油量减少，轴承回油温度
升高到75℃或任一轴承断油冒烟时，应立即破坏真空紧急故障停机。
When the oil flow is reduced due to foreign matters entered the oil inlet pipe of
any bearing or any other reason, the bearing returning oil temperature increases to
75℃ or any one bearing smokes due to the oil interruption, shut down the turbine
urgently through breaking the vacuum.
3.7.6.5. 备用辅助油泵工作失常

3.7.6.5. Auxiliary oil pump in malfunction

1) 汽轮机在启动升速过程中，如转速在2850r/min及以上，高压启动油泵故障
且主汽门未关时，应迅速升速至主油泵工作转速以上，停止高压启动油
泵；转速在2850r/min以下时，切换为交流润滑油泵并停机。若交流润滑油
泵故障，应立即启动直流事故油泵、顶轴油泵并停机。
1) In the process of turbine speed up, if the speed is more than 2850r/min or
more, the HP starting oil pump fails and the main stop valve is open,
increase the speed to more than service speed of main oil pump, stop the
HP starting oil pump. If the speed is less than 2850r/min, switch over the
HP starting oil pump to the AC lube oil pump and shut down the turbine. If
the AC lube oil pump failed, start up the DC emergency oil pump and
jacking oil pump promptly, and shut down the turbine.
2) 在停机过程中，备用辅助油泵均故障，转速在2850r/min以上且挂闸成功
时，应恢复汽轮机空转，待修好一台油泵后再停机，如不能恢复空转或转
速在2850r/min以下，应立即破坏真空紧急停机。
2) In the process of turbine shut-down, if all the auxiliary oil pump fails, the
speed is more than 2850r/min, and turbine is latched on successfully,
turbine should resume no-load running. After one oil pump is repaired well,
shut down the turbine. If the no-load running can not be recovered, or the
speed is less than 2850r/min, shut down the turbine urgently through
breaking the vacuum.
3.7.6.6. 油系统着火

3.7.6.6. Oil system catches fire

1) 一旦发现火情，应立即采取相应措施，防止火灾蔓延，迅速联系消防部
门，并汇报有关领导。
1) Once the fire is found, take the measure immediately to prevent it from
spreading. Contact the fire fighting department promptly. Report it to the
relevant leaders.
2) 油系统着火可使用干式灭火器或泡沫灭火器灭火，地面上漏油着火应使用

157
 干砂灭火。高压轴封处因油挡漏油着火时，用干式灭火器灭火，禁止使用
CO2灭火器。
2) The dry type fire extinguisher or foam type fire extinguisher is available for
extinguishing the fire on oil system. For the fire on the oil leakage on the
ground, the dry sand is available. For the fire on oil leakage from the oil
baffle of gland seal, the dry type fire extinguisher can be used, don’t use
the CO2 fire extinguisher.
3) 若火势不能很快扑灭，且严重威胁到机组安全时，应立即破坏真空紧急停
机。
3) If the fire can not be extinguished soon, and it poses a threat to the unit
safety. Shut down the turbine urgently through breaking the vacuum.
4) 若火势危及主油箱安全时，开启主油箱事故放油门，并控制放油使转子静
止前润滑油不中断，以避免轴承烧毁。
4) If the fire poses a threat to the oil tank safety, open the oil drain valve of
main oil tank. Control the oil drainage. Keep the lube oil supply before
rotor running stops to prevent the bearing from burning out.
5) 油系统着火时，禁止启动高压启动油泵，必要时应降低润滑油压以减少外
泄油量，不得已时可停止油系统运行。
5) When the oil system is on fire, don’t start up the HP starting oil pump. If
necessary, reduce the lube oil pressure to decrease the oil leakage. If the
oil system must be stopped, stop it.
6) 当火势威胁到发电机氢气系统时，在破坏真空紧急停机的同时，隔断氢
源，发电机进行事故排氢。
6) When the fire threatens the generator hydrogen system, shut down the
turbine through breaking the vacuum, simultaneously, isolate the hydrogen
source. Discharge the hydrogen in the generator under emergency
condition.
3.8. 油净化装置的运行

3.8. Operation of Oil Purifier

3.8.1. 主要技术规范

3.8.1. Main technical specification

型号:GJZ-6
Model: GJZ-6
功能:排除透平油中的水分、气体和油中的杂质微粒，并破除油的乳
化，提高油的品质。

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 Function: remove the water content and gas of turbine oil and the
foreign matters and particles of oil, break the oil emulsion and improve
the oil quality.
电源:380v/3/50Hz
Power: 380v/3/50Hz
总功率:max. 51.79kw
Total power: max. 51.79kw
加热功率:max.48kw
Heating power: max.48kw
真空泵电机功率:max. 1.5 kw
Vacuum pump motor power: max. 1.5 kw
排油泵电机功率：2.2 KW
Oil discharge pump motor power: 2.2 KW
净油能力:6000 L/h
Oil purification capability: 6000 L/h
工作温度:40~80℃
Service temperature:40~80℃
工作压力:max.<0.5MPa
Service pressure:max.<0.5MPa
工作真空度：≤96 Kpa
Working vacuum degree: ≤96 Kpa
处理油含水率：≤50 PPM
Water content of treated oil: ≤50 PPM
处理油机械杂质：≤ 5 µm
Mechanical matters in treated oil: ≤ 5 µm
工作 噪 音: < 80dB
noise: < 80dB
3.8.2. 工作过程

3.8.2. Working process

被处理的液体经进油阀1、粗过滤器2、进入油水分离器3进行初步自由水分
离，又经过聚结分离器6进行结合水分离，经过加热器10加热，进入脱气罐15进行
油气分离，然后油经过排油泵22升压，经过磁性过滤器25，精滤器27，从出油阀29
排出，油净化处理完毕。
The treated liquid flows through oil valve 1, primary filter 2, and then enters to

159
oil and water separator 3 for primary free water separation, and next, water goes
through the coalesce separator 6 to separate the combined water, and after being
heated by heater 10, enters into the degassing tank for gas and oil separation,
after the oil is pressurized by the oil discharge pump 22, and flows through the
magnetic filter 25, fine filter 27, and then discharged out from oil valve 29. This is
the complete process of oil purification.
其中脱气罐15里面，建立高度真空，油里面分离出来的气体经过冷凝器18，被
真空泵20抽出维持真空。
The high vacuum is established inside the degassing tank 15, and the gas
separated from oil is extracted out by vacuum pump 20 when it is flowing through
the condenser to maintain the vacuum.
GJZ-6真空滤油机
GJZ-6 Vacuum Oil Filter

160
3.8.3. 投运前检查

161
3.8.3. Preparation for start-up

1) 打开电气柜，检查内部各处保险是否齐全，电气接头有无松动，电气元件
是否受潮和损坏，清除电气各处杂物。
1) Open the electrical cabinet to check the all fuses are complete, and the
looseness of electrical connections, the humidity and damage of electrical
parts, and the clean all electrical foreign matters.
2) 检查各处连接部位的螺栓，螺母无松动，如有松动，须拧紧后再用。
2) Check the looseness of all bolts and lock nuts at connecting positions, and
screw it tightly if necessary.
3) 接上总电源和接地保护。
3) Connect the main power supply and earthing protection.
4) 检查粗滤器内滤网及前后过滤器是否已按要求装好滤网和滤芯。
4) Check the installation of filter screen inside the primary filter and the filter
screen and filter cartridge of front and rear filter.
5) 将本机与待净化的储油箱用软管连接好，连接的管道内部必须清洁，储油
箱的液面不低于本机入口管500mm以下。
5) Connect this device to the oil storage tank to be purified with soft pipes,
the internal part of connection pipe shall be clean and the level of oil
storage tank shall not be 500mm lower than inlet pipe of the device.
6) 关闭所有阀门。
6) Close all valves.
3.8.4. 开机

3.8.4. Purifier start-up

1) 接通电源开关，检查泵的转向是否正确，如不正确，则要倒换电源接线。
1) Connect the power supply switch, check rotation of pump, and change the
power supply wire connection if it is wrong.
2) 检查真空泵油位正常，启动真空泵。
2) Check the flowing of working liquid of vacuum pump, and start up the
vacuum pump if it is normal.
3) 当真空泵达到0.092MPa时，即可启动电磁阀进油。
3) When the vacuum pump reaches to 0.092 Mpa, start up the magnetic
valve for oil intaking.
4) 当真空罐内油位达到视孔的3/4时，即可启动排油泵。
4) When the oil level inside the vacuum pump reaches to the 3/4 of
observation window, start up the oil discharge pump.
5) 当进、排油均正常工作后，可开启加热器，此时整机进入工作状态。

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 5) After oil intaking and discharging are normal, start up the heater, and the
whole device enter into working state.
6) 当真空罐内气体泡沫太多时，可略为打开真空充气阀以降低真空度，消减
泡沫，泡沫下降后须关闭此阀。
6) If the gas bubbles inside vacuum tank is too much, slightly open the
vacuum gas charging valve to decrease the vacuum degree to reduce the
bubbles, and close this valve when the bubbles decreased.
7) 注意真空泵、排油泵及各电机的运行噪音和温升是否正常，如有异音应立
即停机排除，除真空泵以外的各种泵和电机的允许温升不得大于60℃。
注：真空泵允许温升为45℃.
7) Pay attention to the operation noise and temperature rising of vacuum
pump, oil discharge pump and all motors, stop the device immediately and
eliminate the faults if any abnormal noise is heard.
8) 化验油样必须从取样阀取出，取样应严格按取样操作规程进行操作，否则
影响化验精度。
8) The oil sample for analysis must be taken from sampling valve, and the
sampling shall be conducted strictly in accordance with sampling
specifications, or the analysis accuracy will be influenced.
3.8.5. 滤油机的停运

3.8.5. Purifier stopping

1) 关闭加热开关；
1) Switch off the heater.
2) 关闭电磁阀开关；
2) Switch off the solenoid valve.
3) 关闭入口球阀；
3) Close the inlet ball valve.
4) 待压力真空表的数字达到工作真空度以上时，停运真空泵。
4) When the number on pressure vacuum gauge reaches to a degree above
the working vacuum degree, stop the vacuum pump.
5) 真空罐不见油位时，停运排油泵。
5) Stop the oil discharge pump if the oil level of vacuum tank is unseen.
6) 关闭出口球阀。
6) Close the outlet ball valve.
7) 排放存在水罐里的存液，关闭各阀门。
7) Discharge all liquid stored in water tank, close all valves.
8) 切断总电源。

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 8) Cut off main power supply.
3.8.6. 故障处理

3.8.6. Trouble shooting

1) 真空度下降达不到额定数值
1) The vacuum degree cannot drop to the rated degree.
表 3-8-1
原因 处理方法
管路接头或其它密封不良，产生漏气 通知检修处理
真空泵内真空泵油太脏 通知检修更换新油
真空泵叶片或其它机械损坏 通知检修处理
大量水混入被处理的油中，可凝性气体较 放掉冷凝器内的存水存油
多。

Table 3-8-1
Causes Solutions
Improper sealing in pipe connections Inform the maintenance personnel
or somewhere else
Vacuum pump oil inside the vacuum Inform the maintenance personnel to
pump is dirty. replace the new oil.
Damage in vacuum pump or some Inform the maintenance personnel
other machines
Much water mixed with the treated Discharge the water and oil stored in
oil, too much suspicious gas condenser

2) 滤油量减少
2) Filtered oil amount decreases
表 3-8-2
原因 处理方法
排油泵损坏 通知检修处理
过滤器前后压差大 检修清洗更换滤芯或滤网
系统中有堵塞物 检修排除
排油泵的密封损坏 检修更换
吸油管道太长或进口吸头过高 检修处理
Table 3-8-2
Causes Solutions
Oil discharge pump is damaged Inform the maintenance personnel
Big pressure difference in front and Inform the maintenance personnel to
rear of filter replace the filter cartridge or filter
screen
Block matters in system Inform the maintenance personnel to
solve it.

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 Sealing of oil discharge pump is Inform the maintenance personnel to
damaged replace it.
The oil suction pipe is too long or the Inform the maintenance personnel to
inlet suction head is too high solve it.

3) 排油泵有不正常的响声
3) Abnormal noise in oil discharge pump
表 3-8-3
原因 处理方法
泵或传动电机的紧固螺钉松动 通知检修紧固
内部零部件损坏 通知检修更换
进油不足 调整油量或通知检修疏通系统

Table 3-8-3
Causes Solutions
Tightening screw of pump or driving Inform the maintenance
motor looses personnel to tighten it.
Internal parts damaged Inform the maintenance
personnel to replace it.
Insufficient oil filling Adjust the oil amount or inform
the maintenance personnel to
dredge the system

4) 真空泵有不正常的响声
4) Abnormal noise in vacuum pump

表 3-8-4
原因 处理方法
泵或传动电机的紧固螺栓松动 通知检修紧固
叶轮或排气阀片及内部零件损坏 通知检修更换

Table 3-8-4
Causes Treatment
Tightening bolts of pump or Inform the maintenance personnel to
driving motor looses tighten it.
Impeller or gas exhaust valve Inform the maintenance personnel to
sheet and internal parts replace it.
damaged

5) 排油泵及电机温度太高
5) The temperature of oil discharge pump and motor is too high.
表 3-8-5

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 原因 处理方法
轴承缺油或损坏 通知检修加油或拆修更换
内部零件损坏或机械密封损坏 通知检修拆修或更换
Table 3-8-5
Causes Treatment
Inform the maintenance personnel
The bearing is in oil shortage or damage. to fill the oil or disassemble it for
replacing.
Internal parts or mechanical sealing is Inform the maintenance personnel
damaged to disassemble it for replacing.

6) 真空罐内泡沫太多
6) Too Much Bubbles in Vacuum Tank
表 3-8-6
原因 处理方法
待净化油含水、含气太多 检修做滤前处理
罐内真空度太高 略开真空放气阀
液位阀失灵使液面太高 通知检修处理
Table 3-8-6
Causes Treatment
The maintenance personnel shall
Too much water and gas in the oil to be
carry out the treatment before
purified
filtration.
Slightly open the vacuum air
Vacuum degree in tank is too high.
discharge valve.
The level is high due to the failure of level Inform the maintenance personnel for
valve. handling.

7) 加热器开启后油温不升高或升高极小
7) The oil temperature is not increased or just slightly increased.
表 3-8-7
原因 处理方法
温度计失灵 通知检修更换温度计
内部管状加热器烧坏或电线短接 通知检修处理
Table 3-8-7
Causes Treatment
Thermometer failure Inform the maintenance personnel to
replace the thermometer
Internal tube-type heater is broken or Inform the maintenance personnel to
electrical wire is short connected. handle it.

8) 取样检验指标达不到要求

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 8) The sampling analysis index could not reach to the requirements.

表 3-8-8
原因 处理方法
取样方法不正确或取样瓶不干净 用干净瓶取样，按标准取样方法取样
前后过滤器有滤芯破坏 通知检修更换滤芯
待净化油中水分、气体或杂质太多 做滤前处理
真空罐内泡沫太多 按 6)处理
真空度太低 按 1)处理
过滤器失效或损坏 通知检修更换处理
Table 3-8-8
Causes Treatment
Incorrect sampling method or dirty Use clean sampling bottle to take
sampling bottle samples according to standard methods
Cartridges of front and rear filters are Inform the maintenance personnel to
damaged replace it.
The oil to be purified is too much in Handle it before filtration.
water, gas and foreign matters
Too much bubble in vacuum tank. Handle it according to clause 6).
Filter failure or damage Inform the maintenance personnel to
deal with it.

3.9. 发电机密封油系统的运行

3.9. Operation of Generator Sealing Oil System

3.9.1. 系统概述

3.9.1. Overview to system

QFSN-220-2型汽轮发电机氢油水控制系统是发电机的辅助系统。它分为三个
部分：即氢气控制系统，密封油系统和定子线圈冷却水系统。
QFSN-220-2 type turbine generator hydrogen, oil and water control system is
the auxiliary system of the generator, and it is composed of three parts: hydrogen
control system, sealing oil control system and stator winding cooling water system.
密封油系统(或称密封瓦供油系统)：用以保证密封瓦所需压力油(又称密封油)不
间断地供应，以密封发电机内的氢气不外泄。
Sealing oil system (or sealing bush oil supply system): to ensure the sealing
bush used pressure oil (also the sealing oil) is supplies without interruption, and
there is no hydrogen leakage inside the generator.
3.9.2. 设备规范及主要技术参数

3.9.2. Equipment specification and main technical parameter:

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 密封油油质：同汽机润滑油
Sealing oil quality: same as turbine lube oil
密封瓦需油量：氢侧 2×20 L/min, 空侧 2×45 L/min
Sealing bush used oil volume: hydrogen side 2×20 L/min, air side
2×45 L/min
密封瓦进油温度：40～45℃
Sealing bush oil inlet temperature: 40～45℃
密封瓦出油温度：小于或等于 70℃
Sealing bush oil outlet temperature: less than or equal to 70℃
密封瓦油压大于机内氢压：0.05±0.02MPa
Sealing bush oil pressure should be more than the hydrogen pressure
inside the generator: 0.05±0.02MPa
每个密封油冷却器所需冷却水量：30m3/h
Close circulating water volume for every sealing oil cooler: 30m3/h

序号 信号名称 整定值 保护 操作

No. Signal Name Rated value Protection Operation

1 空侧 1#交流油泵出口压力低 ≤0.6MPa 压力开关动作 2#交流油泵投入

1# AC oil pump at air side 2# AC oil pump is
1 ≤0.6MPa Pressure switch acts
outlet pressure is low operated.
2 空侧 2#交流油泵出口压力低 ≤0.6MPa 压力开关动作 直流备用油泵投入
1# AC oil pump at air side DC standby oil pump
2 ≤0.6MPa Pressure switch acts
outlet pressure is low is operated.
3 空侧直流油泵出口压力低 ≤0.6MPa 压力开关动作 报警
DC oil pump at air side outlet
3 ≤0.6MPa Pressure switch acts Alarm
pressure is low
4 氢侧交流油泵出口压力低 ≤0.6MPa 压力开关动作 直流备用油泵投入
AC oil pump at hydrogen side DC standby oil pump
4 ≤0.6MPa Pressure switch acts
outlet pressure is low is operated.
5 氢侧直流油泵出口压力低 ≤0.6MPa 压力开关动作 报警
DC oil pump at hydrogen side
5 ≤0.6MPa Pressure switch acts Alarm
outlet pressure is low
6 油封箱液位高 ＞600mm 液位开关动作 报警
6 Oil sealing tank is high in level. ＞600mm Pressure switch acts Alarm
7 油封箱液位低 ＜200mm 液位开关动作 报警
7 Oil sealing tank is high in level. ＜200mm Pressure switch acts Alarm
8 空侧滤油器进出口压差高 ＞0.05 MPa 压差开关动作 切换另一台滤油器

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 The pressure difference of inlet
Switch over to
8 and outlet of oil filter at air side ＞0.05 MPa Pressure switch acts
another oil filter.
is high.
9 氢侧滤油器进出口压差高 ＞0.05 MPa 压差开关动作 切换另一台滤油器
The pressure difference of inlet
Switch over to
9 and outlet of oil filter at ＞0.05 MPa Pressure switch acts
another oil filter.
hydrogen side is high.
10 空侧冷油器出口温度高 ＞50℃ 热电阻 DCS 设定 切换另一台冷油器
Outlet temperature of oil cooler Thermal resistance Switch to another oil
10 ＞50℃
at air side is high. DCS setting cooler.
11 氢侧冷油器出口温度高 ＞50℃ 热电阻 DCS 设定 切换另一台冷油器
Outlet temperature of oil cooler Thermal resistance Switch to another oil
11 ＞50℃
at hydrogen side is high. DCS setting cooler.
12 油气分离箱液位高 ＞350mm 液位开关动作 报警
Level of oil and gas separation
12 ＞350mm Pressure switch acts Alarm
tank is high.
13 油气分离箱液位低 ＜200mm 液位开关动作 报警
Level of oil and gas separation
13 ＜200mm Pressure switch acts Alarm
tank is low.
差 压 变 送 器 DCS 设
14 氢、油压差低 ＜0.03MPa 报警
定
Pressure difference
Pressure difference of
14 ＜0.03MPa transmitter DCS Alarm
hydrogen and oil is low.
setting.
跳机(差开关与变送器
15 氢、油压差很低 ＜0.02 MPa 差压开关动作
“三取二”逻辑)
Trip (the logic is “take
Pressure difference of Pressure difference 2 in 3” for difference
15 ＜0.02 MPa
hydrogen and oil is very low. switch acts switch and
transimitter)

3.9.3. 密封油系统工作原理和主要设备

3.9.3. Working principle and major equipment of seal oil system

3.9.3.1. 工作原理

3.9.3.1. Working principle

发电机密封瓦是双流环式瓦，其供油系统有两个各自独立而又互有联系的油路
组成。向密封瓦空气侧供油，密封油与空气接触的一侧油路称为空侧油路。向密封
瓦氢侧供油，密封油只与氢气接触的一侧油路称为氢侧油路。
The generator seal pads are doubl-flow ring type pad. Two lines which are
dependant, but connected to some extent with each other are included in the oil
supply system. The oil supplied to the air side of seal pads and contacting the air
is called air side oil line. The oil supplied ot the hydrogen side and contacting only

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the hydrogen is call the hydrogen side oil line.
空侧油路：主工作油源取自汽机轴承润滑压力油空侧油气分离箱，备用油源取
自汽机主油箱润滑油母管。空侧油路设有二台交流泵，一台直流泵，其中交直流泵
各一台作为第一、第二备用泵。当主油源因某种原因断流时，油泵可从备用油源(汽
机主油箱)吸取工作油备用油会通过密封油管路进行发电机密封，此时发电机内氢压
要降到0.014Mpa。按密封油进油油温提供给油泵的轴承润滑油，空侧油气分离箱里
的密封油经油泵升压后，通过冷油器调整到合适的油温再经过过滤器除去固态杂
质，经油气压差调节阀(下简称压差阀)调节至所需压力，然后进入发电机两端密封
瓦空气侧油室，其回油与发电机轴承回油混合后流入专设的隔氢装置内发电机空侧
油气分离箱，再流回汽机主油箱。
Air side oil line: the oil is from the gas and oil separation tank at air side. The
spare oil source is from the lube oil main pipe. Two AC oil pumps and one DC oil
pump is set up for air side oil line, of which one AC oil pump is in service, the other
one is standby. When the main oil source is interrupted, the spare oil will seal the
generator through sealing oil pipeline, and the hydrogen pressure inside generator
will drop to 0.014Mpa. After being pressurized by the oil pump, the sealing oil from
oil and gas separation tank at air side will be adjusted to proper temperature, and
the solid foreign matters will be removed by filter, and then the oil and gas
pressure difference adjustment angle will adjust it to the proper pressure, and then
the oil is sent to air side oil chambers on both ends of the generator. The returning
oil will mix with the generator bearing returning oil and flows into the oil and gas
separation tank at generator air side, then, goes back to turbine main oil tank.
氢侧油路：氢侧密封油油路设有一台交流泵，一台直流泵，其中直流泵作为紧
急备用泵。油泵从氢侧密封油箱中吸油，加压后经冷油器，过滤器后再经油压平衡
阀(下简称平衡阀)调整到所需压力后，进入密封瓦的氢侧油室，其回油流回氢侧密
封油箱，如此循环，形成一个相对独立的密闭油路。
Hydrogen side oil line: there is one AC pump and one DC pump in the sealing
oil pipeline of hydrogen side, and the DC pump are used as the emergency pump.
The oil pump sucks oil from the main oil tank at hydrogen side. After being
pressurized, the oil goes through oil cooler, filter and pressure balance valve
(hereinafter called balance valve for short), the oil pressure will be adjusted to the
value required. Then oil goes to the oil chambers on hydrogen side of seal pads.
The returning oil flows back to seal oil tank at hydrogen side. Therefore, a
comparatively dependant seal oil line is formed in such circulation.
3.9.3.2. 主要设备

3.9.3.2. Major equipment

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1) 密封瓦供油站：它将油泵、冷却器、过滤器及有关表计集装在一个底盘
上。
1) Sealing bush oil supply station: the oil pump, oil cooler, filter and the
related meters are assembled on a base plate.
2) 密封油泵。空侧油路设置了二台交流泵，一台直流泵，其中交直流泵各一
台作为备用泵。氢侧油路设置二台交流油泵，互为备用一台交流油泵，一
台直流油泵，其中直流油泵作为紧急备用泵。
2) Seal oil pump. Two AC oil pumps and one DC oil pump is set up for air
side oil line. Of which one AC oil pump serves as the standby pump. Two
AC oil pumps are set up for hydrogen side oil line; they are standby with
each other.
3) 油冷却器氢侧设二台，一台工作，一台备用；空侧也设置两台，一台工
作，一台备用。当循环水温高至42℃时，一台冷却器也能正常工作。空氢
侧各设过滤器二台，一台工作，一台备用。
3) Two oil coolers are provided for hydrogen side. Of which one is in service,
the other one is standby. Two oil coolers are provided for air side. Of
which one is in service, the other one is standby. When the circulating
water temperature increases to 42℃, one oil cooler is sufficient. Two filters
are set up for air side and hydrogen side respectively, of which one is in
service, the other one is standby.
4) 密封油箱。它是氢侧油路的独立油箱，又称为油封箱。氢侧回油包含氢
气，回到油封箱后必然会有部份氢气分离，分离出来的氢气可以通过油封
箱上部的回气管回到发电机内，也可以顺着氢侧回油管回到发电机内。密
封油箱上装有液位信号器和补、排油电磁阀，当油位低时，液位信号器发
信号并通过电气控制回路操作补油电磁阀开启，从而向箱内补油。反之排
油电磁阀开启，油从油箱内排出。空侧油路的压力油是补油油源。排油管
路接到润滑油回油管空侧油气分离箱上，从而使油中含的氢气在隔氢装置
油气分离箱中分离出来。
4) Seal oil tank. It is the independent oil tank for hydrogen side oil line, also
called seal oil tank. There is hydrogen contained in the hydrogen side
returning oil. Therefore, the hydrogen will surely be separated. The
hydrogen separated return to the generatore via the air pipeline on the top
of seal oil tank or via the returning oil pipeline on hydrogen side. The level
signal generator and oil drain solenoid valve is assembled on the seal oil
tank. When the oil level is low, the signal generator will send signal, the
make-up oil solenoid valve will open via electric control circuit, oil will be
added to the oil tank. When oil level is high, the solenoid valve will open,

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 oil will be drained out of the oil tank. The make-up oil source is from the air
side pressurized oil. The oil dain pipeline is connected to the oil and gas
separation tank at air side. Therefore, the hydrogen in the oil can be
separated in the oil and gas separation tank.
5) 隔氢装置油气分离箱。它是为防止空侧回油中可能含有的氢气进入汽机主
油箱而设置的。当密封瓦内氢侧油窜入空侧或密封油箱排油时，含有氢气
的氢侧密封油和轴承润滑油一起流入隔氢装置油气分离箱，氢气在此分离
出来由排风机抽出排至厂房外大气中。
5) Oil and gas separation tank. It is provided for preventing the hydrogen
possibly contained in the air side returning oil from entering the turbine
main oil tank. When the hydrogen side oil enters air side or the oil in the
seal oil tank is discharged, the hydrogen side seal oil with hydrogen in it
and the bearing lube oil will flow into the oil and gas separation tank.
together. The hydrogen separated will be discharged to the atmosphere
outside the main building via the air ventilator.
6) 密封油压调节站。它将压差阀、平衡阀及有关表计集装在一个底盘上。
6) Seal oil pressure adjusting station. Install the differential pressure valve,
balance valve and the relevant gauges on one baseplate.
7) 压差阀。它根据发电机内气压的变化自动调节密封瓦空侧密封油压,使其始
终高于机内气压0.05MPa左右,从而密封住机内气体。
7) Differential pressure valve. It adjusts the seal oil pressure on air side of
the seal pad based on the generator internal pressure. It keeps the air
side seal oil pressure always 0.05MPa higher than generator internal
pressure to seal the gas in generator.
8) 平衡阀。它根据密封瓦内空侧密封油压自动调节密封瓦氢侧油压，使其始
终和空侧油压相等。但由于各种原因所致，油压平衡不可能做到使空氢两
侧密封油压完全相等，制造厂规定最大允许压差为1kPa(约100mm水柱)。
8) Balance valve. It is used to adjust the hydrogen side oil pressure based on
the air side seal oil pressure and make it equal to the air side oil pressure.
However, it is possible to make the oil pressures on air side and hydrogen
side absolutely equal due to various reasons. Therefore, the maximum
differential pressure specified by the manufacturer is 1kPa (approximately
100 mm water column).
3.9.4. 系统的投运

3.9.4. System activation

3.9.4.1. 运行规定

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3.9.4.1. Operation regulation

1) 密封油系统一般在机组冲转前约60小时投入。
1) The sealing oil system should be put into operation
2) 机组冲转前，发电机内氢气纯度、湿度必须合格。
2) Before unit rolling, the hydrogen purity and humility of the generator
should meet the requirement.
3) 在发电机内充有气体(氢气、空气、CO2)时必须保持密封油压正常。
3) When there is gas (hydrogen, air and CO2) inside the generator, maintain
the normal pressure of the sealing oil.
4) 密封油系统投运前，油质必须合格。
4) Before sealing oil activation, the oil quality must meet the requirement.
5) 发电机内充有H2时，隔氢装置油气分离箱上的排氢风机必须保持连续运
行。
5) When there is H2 inside the generator, the hydrogen isolating fan on the
oil and gas separation tank. should maintain the continuous operation.
6) 在润滑油主油箱放油前，必须先将发电机内的氢气排净。
6) Before discharging the oil in the lube oil main oil tank, completely
discharge the hydrogen inside the generator.
3.9.4.2. 投运前的准备

3.9.4.2. Preparation before activation

1) 派专人就地对密封油系统进行监视和调整。
1) Assign the special personnel to monitor and adjust the sealing oil system
at local.
2) 确证主机润滑油系统运行正常。
2) Make sure that the turbine lube oil system is in normal operation.
3) 确认盘车装置停运。
3) Make sure the turning gear device is shutdown.
4) 确认密封油箱补、泄油电磁阀电源切断。
4) Make sure that the power of the oil makeup and oil leakage solenoid
valves of the sealing oil tank is cut off.
5) 确认空、氢侧密封油泵开关置于“停止”位，油泵联锁退出。
5) Make sure that air and hydrogen side sealing oil pump switch is in STOP
position, and the oil pump interlock is put out of operation.
6) 按系统检查卡使各阀门处于正确位置。
6) Set the valves to the correct position according to the system inspection
card.

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3.9.4.3. 密封油系统的启动

3.9.4.3. Sealing oil system startup

1) 启动隔氢装置油气分离箱排氢风机运行。
1) Start up the operation of the hydrogen exhaust fan of oil and gas
separation tank.
2) 启动空侧交流密封油泵，缓慢开启出口门，向系统充油后全开，另一台交
流密封油泵及直流密封油泵投入备用，投入差压阀自动调整，维持阀后油
压0.05MPa，维持泵出口油压在0.9~1.0 MPa。
2) Start up the air side AC sealing oil pump and slowly open the outlet valve.
When the system is filled with oil, completely open the outlet valve and
another AC sealing oil pump and the DC sealing oil pump is put into
operation. Put the differential pressure automatic adjustment into
operation and maintain the oil pressure after the valve at 0.05MPa, and
maintain the pump outlet oil pressure at 0.9~1.0 MPa.
3) 开启空侧密封油至氢侧密封油箱补油门，将氢侧密封油箱油位补至正常。
3) Open the valve of the makeup oil from the air side sealing oil to the
hydrogen side sealing oil tank and the compensate oil to the hydrogen
side sealing oil tank to the normal oil level.
4) 联系热工给补泄油电磁阀，油箱油位信号送上电源，做油箱油位高、低报
警及补泄油电磁阀动作试验正常，停止电源。
4) Inform the I&C personnel to make up the solenoid valve and supply power
to the oil tank oil level signal switch and carry out the tests such as high
and low oil level alarming of the oil tank, and the makeup oil solenoid
valve action test, and the results should be normal, and then cut off the
power supply.
5) 启动一台氢侧交流密封油泵，缓慢开启出口门，向系统充油后全开，手动
调整平衡阀，维持泵出口油压在0.7~0.8 MPa之间，维持阀后氢侧密封油压
与空侧一致，并保持空、氢侧油压差不超过1KPa。等密封瓦内两侧油压基
本相同时，再投入平衡阀。
5) Start up hydrogen side AC sealing oil pump and slowly open the outlet
valve. When the system is filled with oil, completely open the outlet valve
and manually adjust the balance valve to maintain the outlet oil pressure
at 0.7~0.8 MPa. Maintain the rear valve hydrogen side sealing oil pressure
the same as that of the air side, and maintain the air and hydrogen side oil
pressure difference no more than 1.5KPa. When the oil pressure at two
sides of the sealing pad is equal, put the balance valve into operation.
6) 当密封瓦进油温度达45℃时，投入冷油器水侧运行，维持油温在40～45

174
 ℃。
6) When the sealing pad oil inlet temperature reaches to 45 ℃ , put the oil
cooling water side into operation and maintain the oil temperature at 40～
45℃.
a) 开启冷油器进口冷却水门。
a) Open the oil cooler inlet cooling water valve.
b) 开启冷油器水侧放空气，放尽空气后关闭。
b) Open the oil cooler water side air discharge valve, and when the air is
completely discharged, close it.
c) 开启冷油器冷却水出口门，调整出口油温在40～45℃。
c) Open the oil cooler cooling water outlet valve and adjust the outlet oil
temperature at40～45℃.
7) 发电机充入气体后，及时调整密封油压大于气体压力0.05MPa。
7) When the generator is filled with gas, adjust the sealing oil pressure
0.05MPa more than the gas pressure.
8) 当发电机内气体压力高于0.02MPa，相应空侧密封油压高于0.07MPa时，
差压阀、平衡阀完全进入自动调节状态。
8) When the air pressure in the generator is more than 0.02MPa, and the
corresponding air side sealing oil pressure is more than 0.07Mpa, the
differential pressure valve and balance valve are completely in the
automatic adjustment state.
9) 投入另一台氢侧直流油泵联动备用。
9) Put another hydrogen side DC oil pump into interlock standby state.
10) 当发电机内氢气压力高于0.10 MPa时，氢气纯度合格时，油箱油位信号电
源送电投自动。
10) When the hydrogen pressure inside the generator is more than 0.10 MPa,
and the hydrogen quality meets the requirement, supply power to the oil
tank oil level signal and put them into automatic operation.
11) 确 证 无 任 何 异 常 报 警 信 号 ， 检 查 系 统 运 行 正 常 ， 发 电 机 升 氢 压 至
0.24MPa。
11) Make sure that there is no abnormal alarming signal, check if the system
operation is normal and if the generator hydrogen pressure increases to
0.3MPa.
3.9.5. 系统正常运行维护及试验

3.9.5. System maintenance and testing under normal operation condition

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3.9.5.1. 密封油箱需要排油时，氢侧油泵投入运行，然后手动操作氢侧油路上专设
的阀门排油，排完后一定要关好阀门。

3.9.5.1. The pump at hydrogen side is put into operation when the seal oil tank
needs to drain oil. Then operate the valve oil discharge dedicated to the
hydrogen oil bypass manually, and the valve must be closed after the
discharge.

3.9.5.2. 当发电机内气压为零时，氢侧泵出口油压一般调至 0.7~0.8MPa 之间较为合

适，因为随着机内气压升高，氢侧泵吸入端油压将会相应跟随提高，因而油
泵出口油压也会 自动升高。空侧泵出口油压维持在 0.9~1.0MPa 之间为好。

3.9.5.2. Pump inlet oil pressure: When the pressure of the motor is zero, it is
appropriate to adjust the oil pressure of pump inlet to 0.7~0.8MPa.
Because with the increase of the pressure, the oil pressure of the inlet end
of the hydrogen side pump will increase. So the oil pressure of the outlet of
the pump will also increase automatically. It is better to keep the outlet oil
pressure of the air side pump within 0.9~1.0 MPa.

3.9.5.3. 油冷却器开始通冷却水时，应先关冷却水出口阀门，然后打开进水阀门，
待冷却器内充满水(可从冷却器上部排气门检查)，再逐步缓慢打开出口阀
门。这样做的目的是防止大量循环水突然涌进冷却器，从而在冷热交换面上
形成一种导热性能很差的过冷界层面，以致影响冷却效果。

3.9.5.3. When the circulating water start to be fed into the oil cooler, the circulating
water outlet valves should be closed first, then open the inlet valves,
waiting for the cooler filling water(this can be examined from the exhaust
valves at the top of the cooler), and then open the outlet valves gradually.
The purpose of doing this is to avoid a large amount of water influxing into
the cooler suddenly, and form an overcooling surface with a bad thermal
conductivity at the cold and hot exchange surface to influence the cooling
effect.

3.9.5.4. 只要油压平衡阀在起作用，氢侧油压总是跟随空侧油压在变化，所以空侧
油路是不准断油的。如果空侧油路断油，平衡阀将关闭，密封瓦内氢侧油压
将降至零。

3.9.5.4. As long as the oil pressure balance valves are working, the hydrogen side
oil pressure will change with the change of the air side oil pressure. So it’s
forbidden to cut off the oil of the air side oil bypass. If it is cut off, the
balance valve will be closed, and the hydrogen oil pressure in the seal pad
will decrease to zero.

3.9.5.5. 油-气压差阀和油压平衡阀

3.9.5.5. Oil- air differential pressure valves and oil air pressure balance valves

1) 油压平衡阀投入运行时应先手动操作控制，等密封瓦内两侧油压基本相同
时，再投入平衡阀。
1) The oil air balance valve should be operated manually before putting into

176
 service, until the oil pressure on both sides in the seal pad is generally
same, the balance valve can be put into service.
2) 当油－气压差阀投入运行时，只要油－气压差均在0.03~0.07MPa之间，两
个密封瓦的油压差值不一致也可以正常运行。
2) When the oil air differential valve is put into operation, as long as the oil air
pressure differences are all between 0.03~0.07MPa, it can also be put into
normal operation even the oil pressure difference is not the same.
3.9.5.6. 其它事项

3.9.5.6. Other precautions

1) 仪器仪表应定期校验。
1) The instrument should be calibrated periodically.
2) 备用油泵应定期启动。
2) The spare oil pump should start up periodically.
3) 油泵维修详见油泵安装使用说明书。
3) For details on oil pump maintenance, see the Oil Pump Installation And
Usage Instruction.
4) 过滤器每8小时转动两圈，每周定期排污。
4) Turn the filter by two rounds once each 8hs. Drain the sewage periodically.
5) 定期检查发电机油水检测仪是否有油水.定期检查氢压、密封油压、定冷水
压之间的压差，定期检查密封油箱油位1⁄3以上。
5) Check generator oil-water detector periodically to see whether oil contain
water. Inspect hydrogen pressure, sealing oil pressure, pressure
difference of stator cooling water regularly. Check the oil level of sealing
oil tank and make sure it is more than 1/3.
3.9.5.7. 检查冷却器应无泄漏。

3.9.5.7. Carry out the hydraulic test on the water side of tube type heat exchanger.
The test pressure is 1.0MPa. there should be no leakage from the cooler.

3.9.5.8. 当泵出口油压低 0.6MPa 时，压力控制器应接通电气控制回路，延时 3~5

秒使备用油泵起动。空侧油路直流油泵通过延时继电器控制，当交流备用
泵在 5 秒钟之内不能启动时，才启动直流油泵。当油压恢复到 0.9~1.0
MPa 时，压力控制器断开电气控制回路。

3.9.5.8. When the pump outlet oil pressure is lower than 0.6 MPa, the electric
control circuit will be closed through pressure controller; the standby oil
pump will start up after 3~5s. The DC oil pump for air side oil is under the
control of time delay relay. When standby AC oil pump fails to start up
within 5s, the DC oil pump will start up. When oil pressure recovers to
0.9~1.0 MPa, the electric control circuit will be opened through the
pressure controller.

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3.9.5.9. 差压控制器下限报警值整定为 0.03MPa。反复试验五次整定值无变化为合
格。

3.9.5.9. The limited alarm value of the setting value of the differential pressure
controller is 0.03MPa. The conducts are qualified if the setting value
doesn’t change after being tested repeatedly for five times.

3.9.5.10. 油水探测器现场调试时应参看氢气系统图。分别关闭 H-66、H-68、H-

71、H-75 阀门，开启 H-65、H-69、H-72、H-76 阀门，从开启的这 4 个
阀门灌入一定量的油或水，按照说明书的要求检查探测器能否报警，反复
两次即可，然后从 H-67、H-70、H-74、H-77 阀门将油或水排出，按系统
图恢复阀门的开闭状态。

3.9.5.10. The hydrogen system diagram should be referred to during the field
commissioning of the oil and water detector. Test whether the detector
will alarm according to the instruction, repeat two times. Then discharge
the water or the oil, and then return to the state of valves on the system
diagram.

3.9.5.11. 密封油箱上液位信号器为接点动作位置。制造厂一般以液位信号器中间位
置为正常油位进行了整定。往上(或往下)100mm 左右发出信号，控制回路
接通排油(或补油)电磁阀自动排油(或补油)。如果电磁阀失灵或故障致使油
位继续升降约 100mm，则发出报警信号向运行人员报警。有的用户不希
望补、排油动作太频繁为此用户可以自由调整液位信号器开关接点的位置
和相互间的距离，调整到所需要的间隔距离。但要注意最低油位警报接点
与最高油位警报接点之间的距离不得大于 500mm。

油封箱是氢侧油路的重要部分，其主要功能是自动维持箱内正常油位，从而把
发电机内的氢气与油封箱下游的油路隔离，使氢气不能“逃逸”到密封油中去，破坏
油泵和密封瓦的正常工作。氢侧泵从该箱取油，油封箱上设有液位计，并在油位高
(600mm)和油位低(200mm)设有两个液位开关。当油位过高或过低时开关动作，发
出报警信号。
油封箱补、排油靠浮球阀自动调节。浮球阀可以减缓箱中油位的变化速度，以
免有氢气漏入油路循环系统中。油封箱的液位靠浮球阀维持，随时补、排油，油位
基本在中分面，保持动态平衡。油封箱设有手动补排油阀，当浮球阀操作失灵时，
手动补排油阀可使油封箱保持正常的油位。
3.9.5.11 The oil sealing tank is an essential part of oil pipeline at hydrogen side,
the function is to automatically maintain the normal oil level inside tank
which is able to separate the hydrogen inside generator and oil pipeline
of oil sealing tank downstream, by that, the hydrogen will not penetrate to
sealing oil to influence the normal working of oil pump and sealing pad.
The pump at hydrogen side take oil from this tank, and level meter is
installed in the sealing oil tank, and two level meters are set in the high
oil level (600mm) and low oil level (200mm). The switch will act if the
level is too high or too low and send out the alarm signal.

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 The oil filling and discharging of oil sealing tank is depending on the automatic
adjustment of floating ball valve. The floating ball valve slows down the level
changing inside the tank to avoid the hydrogen leaking to the oil pipeline
circulation system. The level of tank depends on the floating ball valve to fill and
discharge the oil at anytime, and the oil level is basically in the split surface and
keeping in a dynamic balance. One manual oil filling and discharging valve is set
in the oil sealing tank, so when the floating ball valve operation is failed, the
manual valve could keep the oil level of tank normal.
3.9.5.12. 油压平衡阀和压差阀的调试在气密试验阶段进行。

3.9.5.12. The commissioning of the oil pressure balance valves and pressure
difference should be carried out during the air tightness test period

3.9.6. 密封油系统的停止

3.9.6. The shutdown of the seal oil system

3.9.6.1. 停机后，且盘车装置停运和停电，随着发电机内气体的置换及排尽，密封
油系统可退出运行。

3.9.6.1. The seal oil system can be deactivated after the turbine is shut down and
the turning gear is out of service, the system is power off, and the air in
the motor is replaced and exhausted completely.

3.9.6.2. 当发电机内氢压降至 0.10 MPa 时，油箱油位改为手动调整。

3.9.6.2. When the hydrogen pressure in the motor decrease to 0.10 MPa, the oil
level should be adjusted manually.

3.9.6.3. 置换气体期间，注意压差阀，平衡阀的动作情况应正常，否则改为手动调
整，保持密封油压始终高于气体压力 0.05MPa 并注意两油箱油位。直至气
体置换结束。

3.9.6.3. During the air replacement, pay attention to differential pressure valves,
the performance of the balance valves should be normal,otherwise,
adjust manually to keep the oil pressure higher than air pressure by
0.05MPa and pay attention to the oil level of two oil tanks. until the air
replacement is over.

3.9.6.4. 置换结束后，解除备用油泵联锁开关，停止氢、空侧密封油泵的运行，冷
油器停止供水。

3.9.6.4. Release the interlock of the standby oil pump after the air replacement is
over. Stop the activation of the hydrogen side seal oil pump and the air
side oil pump, then stop the water supply of the oil cooler.

3.9.7. 发电机密封油系统故障

3.9.7. Generator seal oil system troubles

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3.9.7.1. 密封油箱油位异常处理

3.9.7.1. Treatment for abnormal oil level of seal oil tank

1) 当发“密封油箱油位异常”光字时，应立即就地进行检查；当油位低时，应检
查补油阀动作，并加强监视若不能恢复，说明补油阀故障，此时应立即手
动补油关闭排油阀至正常油位。
1) When the alarm window for “abnormal oil level of seal oil tank” is on,
check it locally. When oil level decreases, check the make-up oil valve
acts or not and intensify the monitoring. If not, it indicates the make-oil
valve failed. Immediately manually close the oil discharging valve to
normal level.
2) 当油位高时，应检查排油阀动作情况，否则手动排油至正常油位。
2) When the oil level increases, check the oil drain valve acts or not. If not,
drain oil to normal level manually.
3) 当油位失控报警时，应立即手动(补排)油，维持正常油位，联系检查处理，
同时加强对氢侧密封油泵的监视。
3) When oil level loses control and sends out alarm, add oil or drain oil
manually at once to keep the normal oil level.
3.9.7.2. 密封油压低的处理
3.9.7.2. Treatment for lower seal oil pressure
1) 空侧油泵出口油压降低至0.6MPa时，延时3~5秒检查交流备用油泵应启
动，否则5秒后直流油泵应自动启动。同时检查运行泵，冷油器是否故障。
否则应进行隔离检修，并对联动泵加强监视。
1) When air side oil pump outlet oil pressure is reduced to 0.6MPa. Check
the AC oil pump, it should start up after 3~5s. otherwise, the DC oil pump
will start up automatically after 5s. simultaneously, check the running
pump and the oil cooler for failure. If any, isolate it for maintenance and
intensify the surveillance on interlocked pump.
2) 氢侧油泵出口油压降至0.6MPa时，检查备用泵自动投入，同时对运行泵、
冷油器进行检查，确认无故障，否则隔离检修。
2) When hydrogen side oil pump outlet oil pressure is reduced to 0.6 MPa.
Check the standby oil pump is put into service automatically,
simultaneously; check the running pump and oil coolers for failures.
Confirm no failure. If any, isolate them for maintenance.
3) 当空(或氢)侧油压异常报警时，检查空(或氢)侧油泵出口压力是否正常，否
则进行调整，并检查滤网是否堵塞，平衡阀是否故障，否则清洗滤网或检
修平衡阀，并通过旁路阀调整对应侧油压。

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 3) When there is alarm for abnormal oil pressure on air/hydrogen side, check
the air/hydrogen side oil pump outlet pressure is normal or not. If not,
adjust it. Check the filter is blocked or not, the balance valve fails or not, if
any, clean up the filter or maintain the balance valve. Adjust the oil
pressure via the corresponding bypass valve.
4) 当系统油压异常时，还应加强对汽(励)端密封瓦回油温度的监视，当超限报
警时，加大冷油器的循环水量或投入备用冷油器。
4) When the system oil pressure is abnormal, intensify the surveillance on
the turbine (excitation) end seal pads returning oil temperature. When it
exceeds the limit and alarm, increase the circulating water flow of oil
cooler or put the standby oil coolers into service.
5) 正常运行中交流回路失压时，应立即检查直流油泵是否自启，否则立即投
入直流油泵，同时注意监视机内氢压和氢气纯度的变化。若不能维持机内
氢压和纯度时，机组降负荷，同时监视氢侧油差压的变化。
5) When AC circuit in normal operation loses the voltage, check the DC oil
pump starts automatically or not. If not, start it up. Simultaneously, pay
attention to the generator internal hydrogen pressure and purity variation.
If the hydrogen pressure and purity can not be kept. Reduce the load,
simultaneously, mornitor the hydrogen side oil pressure changing.
6) 当空侧油系统故障，无法维护油压时，应立即手动开启氢侧平衡阀旁路
门，使氢侧油压高于机内氢压0.05MPa，用氢侧油密封发电机内氢气，维
持机组运行，并尽快恢复空侧油系统，并做好紧急排氢准备。
6) When air side oil system fails, the oil pressure can not be maintained.
Open the hydrogen side balance valve bypass valve manually at once to
make the hydrogen side oil pressure 0.05MPa higher than generator
internal hydrogen pressure. Use the hydrogen side oil to seal the
generator internal hydrogen. Maintain the unit operation. Recover the air
side oil system as soon as possible, and make the preparation for
emergency hydrogen discharging.
7) 当氢侧油泵断油时，密封瓦以单流环式运行，应注意密封油箱油位上升情
况，及时排油，加强空侧油泵监视。
7) When oil supply to hydrogen side oil pump is interrupted. The seal pads
will be in service under the singl-flow mode. Pay attention to the seal oil
tank oil level increasing, discharge the oil immediately and intensify the oil
pump on air side.
3.10. 氢气系统的运行
3.10. Hydrogen System Operation

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 3.10.1. 主要技术参数和工作原理
3.10.1 Major technical parameters and working principles
3.10.1.1. 技术参数
3.10.1.1. Technical parameter
发电机壳内：额定氢压 0.3 MPa (表压，下同)
Generator inside casing: rated hydrogen pressure 0.3 MPa(guage
pressure, the same below)
允许最大氢压：0.315MPa
Acceptable higest hydrogen 0.315 MPa
氢气纯度：＞96% (容积比)
The purity of the hydrogen ＞96% (volume ratio)
氢气湿度(露点温度)：-25℃≤ t ≤ 0℃
Hydrogen humidity (dew point temperature): -25℃≤ t ≤ 0℃
发电机及氢气管路充氢容积：80 m3
Generator and hydrogen pipeline volume: 80 m3
24 小时发电机及氢气管路系统(不包括制氢站储氢设备及氢母管)漏氢
量：≤充氢发电机充氢容积 2%
24-hour generator and hydrogen pipeline system hydrogen leakage
amount (excluding the hydrogen storage device in hydrogen
production station and hydrogen header) ≤ generator hydrogen filling
volume 2%
3.10.1.2. 气体置换所需气体容积和时间如下表
3.10.1.2. The needed volume and time of the gas replacement is as in the table
below
表 3-10-1 Table 3-10-1

被置换出发电机的气体 需要气体容积 所用时间

所需气体
The gas is replaced The needed gas The needed
The needed gas
out of the Generator volume time
二氧化碳(纯度>85%)
空气
Carbon 200 m3 5~6h
air
dioxide(purity>85%)
二氧化碳
220m3 4~5h
氢气(纯度>96%) Carbon dioxide
Hydrogen (purity>96%) 发电机升氢压至
210m3 1~1.5h
0.3MPa
二氧化碳(纯度>96%)
氢气
Carbon 150m3 4~5h
Hydrogen
dioxide(purity>96%)

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3.10.1.3. 氢气系统工作原理及概述
3.10.1.3. Working principle and general introduction about hydrogen system
1) 当发电机及气体管路需要用压缩空气做气密试验时，从气体控制站上 R410
阀门引入压缩空气，经过气体过滤器干燥器脱除水份后再沿着管路进入发
电机内。气密试验合格后，打开R460、R514阀门将机内压缩空气排至厂房
外。
1) When generators and gas pipelines need to do air tightness tests with
compressed air, the compressed air is induced from R410 valve on the
gas control station into motors along pipelines after the gas filter. If the air
leakage test is qualified, open R460 and R514 valves to discharge the
compressed air out of the powerhouse.
2) 当发电机内是空气(或氢气时)，禁止直接向机内充入氢气(或空气)。以避免
机内形成具有爆炸浓度的空氢混合气体。为此发电机及氢气管路系统必须
进行气体置换。系统中设置有专用二氧化碳汇流排，可将标准气瓶中的二
氧化碳(或氮气)从最高压力15MPa 经减压器降至0.2~0.5MPa，然后经过
R428、R463 阀门沿着管路从发电机底部经过R461阀门进入发电机。中间
气体被置换出发电机时，沿着氢气母管从R514阀门排至厂房外。
2) When there is air (or hydrogen) in the generator it’s forbidden to fill
hydrogen (or air) into the generator directly. In case that the air and
hydrogen mixed gas with an explosive density is formed in the generator.
So the motor and the hydrogen pipelines system have to do gas
replacement. The special used carbon dioxide collecting bars are set in
the system , which can decrease the pressure of the carbon dioxide (or
nitrogen) in the standard gas casing from the highest pressure 15MPa to
0.2~0.5MPa with a pressure reducer, then enter into the generator through
R428 、 R463 valves along pipelines at the bottom of the generator and
R461 valve. When the intermediate gas is replaced out of the generator, it
will be discharge out of the powerhouse aalone the hydrogen main pipe.
3) 气体控制站上还设置一只安全阀RD41，当机内氢压过高时，可以释放机内
压力。发电机内的氢气在转轴风扇的驱动下，一部份沿着管路进入冷凝式
氢气干燥器内。被干燥的氢气沿着管道回到风扇的负压区，如此不断循
环，从而降低发电机内氢气的湿度。同样，氢气纯度分析器EN40中氢气的
流通也是通过风扇的驱动来实现的。只要发电机正常运行，机壳内氢气纯
度就会被分析器连续不断地进行分析。超限(纯度低)时发出报警信号。
3) A RD41 type safety valve is also equipped at the gas control station so
that the inner generator pressure can be relived when the pressure of the

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 hydrogen in the generator is too high. Driven by rotating shaft fan, part of
the hydrogen in the generator will enter into the condensing type hydrogen
dryer along pipelines. Dried hydrogen returns to the nagetive pressure
region along pipes. Keep circulating like this to decrease the humidity of
hydrogen in the generator. Similarly, the circulation of hydrogen in the
hydrogen purity analyzer EN40 is also driven by fans. As long as the
motor works normally, the purity of the hydrogen in the casing will be
analyzed by the analyzer continuously. The alarm signals will be sent out
when over limited (low purity).
3.10.2. 发电机气体置换
3.10.2. The gas replacement of the generator
发电机及气体系统，密封油系统安装(或检修)完毕，经气密试验合格后，才可
进行气体置换。气体置换采用中间介质置换法。即利用惰性气体(一般用二氧化碳气
体或氮气)驱赶发电机内的空气(或氢气)然后又用氢气(或空气)驱赶惰性气体，使发
电机内在气体置换过程中空气、氢气不直接接触，因而不会形成具有爆炸浓度的空
气氢气混合气体，这种办法是传统的置换办法。
The generator and gas system and seal oil system are finished assembling
(or maintenance), and the air tightness test is qualified, then the gas replacement
can be processed. The gas replacement adopts intermediate medium replacement
method, which means using inert gas (usually carbon dioxide or nitrogen) to drive
the air in the generator out , then using hydrogen(or air) to dirve inert gas out. The
air and the hydrogen will not contact each other in the generator during the gas
replacement process, so the air and hydrogen mixed gas with an explosive density
will not be formed in the motor. It’s a tradition displasment method.
3.10.2.1. 气体置换规定
3.10.2.1. The regulation of the gas diaplacement
1) 气体置换前，发电机气密性试验必须合格，密封油系统必须投入正常运
行。
1) Before the gas replacement, the generator air tightness test must be
qualified, and the seal oil system must be put into normal operation.
2) 气体置换一般应在转子静止状态下进行，特殊情况也可在转子转动下进
行，但不得在启动过程中进行。
2) The gas replacement should be carried out when the rotors are static.
Under some special circumstances, it can be carried out when the rotors
are rotating, but can not carry out during the startup.
3) 氢气、压缩空气、CO2或氮气气体均需从气体控制站上专设的入口引入，
不允许弄错接口。

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 3) The hydrogen, compressed air, carbon dioxide or nitrogen should all be
induced from the inlet on the special set gas control station; the interfaces
can not be mixed.
4) 气体置换中(尤其是氢气置换二氧化碳或氮气)应适当控制气体流动速度，不
宜太快，并设专人调整密封油压。
4) During the gas replacement (especially hydrogen displaces carbon
dioxide or nitrogen), the rate of flow should be controlled appropriately, not
too fast, and there should be someone to adjust seal oil pressure.
5) 气体置换期间，禁止电气做任何试验，20m内禁止明火作业，并悬挂警告
牌。
5) During the gas replacement, no electric test is allowed, and no operation
with naked fire in 20 meters is allowed. And a warning board should be
hung.
6) 在整个置换过程中，发电机内应保持有0.03MPa的压力。
6) During the whole gas replacement process, the pressure in the generator
should be kept between 0.03MPa.
7) 严禁在机内氢气与空气直接混合置换。
7) Never perform replacement of the hydrogen and the air in the generator
directly inside
8) 向机内充氢时，新鲜氢气的纯度按容积计不得低于99.5%，新鲜氢气在常压
下的温度为露点温度，不高于-25℃。
8) When filling gas to the generator, the purity of the fresh hydrogen can not
be lower than 99.5% accordance with the volume. The temperature of the
fresh hydrogen under the normal pressure is dew point temperature, not
higher than -25℃.
9) CO2或氮气置换时，氢气纯度仪和温度仪应解列退出，防止损坏设备。
9) When change carbon dioxide or nitrogen, the hydrogen purity meter and
the temperature meter should be isolated and deactivated to avoid the
damage of the equipments.
3.10.2.2. 气体置换
3.10.2.2. The gas replacement
1) 充氢时先用二氧化碳或氮气驱赶发电机内的空气，待机内二氧化碳含量超
过85%(氮气含量超过95%)以后,再充入氢气驱赶二氧化碳(或氮气)最后置换
到氢气状态。
1) Drive the air in the generator out with carbon dioxide or nitrogen before
filling hydrogen. Wait until the content of the carbon dioxide in the motor is
more than 85%( the content of the nitrogen is more than 95%), then fill the

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 hydrogen in to drive the carbon dioxide (or nitrogen) out, finally convert to
the hydrogen state.
2) 排氢时，先向发电机内引入二氧化碳或氮气，用以驱赶机内氢气，当二氧
化碳含量超过95%(氮气超过97%)以后，才可以引进压缩空气驱赶二氧化碳
或氮气，当二氧化碳或氮气含量低于5%以后，可以终止向发电机内送压缩
空气。
2) When discharging hydrogen, induce the carbon dioxide or the nitrogen
into the generator first to drive the hydrogen in the generator. After the
content of the carbon dioxide is more than 95%( nitrogen more than 97%),
the compressed air can be induced in to drive the carbon dioxide or
nitrogen out. After the content of the carbon dioxide or the nitrogen is less
than 5%, stop to fill compressed air into the generator.
3.10.3. 氢气系统的运行与维护
3.10.3. The Operation and maintenance of the hydrogen system
3.10.3.1. 发电机额定运行时，必须保证额定氢压运行。
3.10.3.1. When the generator is in the rated operating, guarantee the rated
hydrogen pressure operation.
3.10.3.2. 当氢压降至 0.27MPa 时，投入自动补氢时，应自动补氢至 0.3MPa，一般
情况下，.氢压应高于水压 0.1~0.2 MPa 任何情况下氢压必须高于定冷水
压 0.03MPa 以上。
3.10.3.2. When the pressure of the hydrogen decreases to 0.27MPa, the hydrogen
will be made up automatically, and the hydrogen should be made up to
0.3MPa. Generally, the pressure of the hydrogen should be higher than
the pressure of the water by 0.1~0.2 MPa, and under any ciecumstance,
the pressure of the hydrogen should be higher than the pressure of the
fixed cooling water by 0.03MPa or more.
3.10.3.3. 正常运行，机内氢气纯度应保持＞ 98% ，含氧量小于 2% ，湿度小于
4g/m3。
3.10.3.3. In normal operation, the purity of the hydrogen in the generator should be
kept more than 98%, and the content of the oxygen should be less than
2%, and the humidity is less than 4g/m3.
3.10.3.4. 入口氢温应大于 30℃，出口氢温应小于 65℃，当入口氢温低，氢冷器冷
却水调节阀关小后，注意氢冷器水压，用各分支入口二次门节流，一次门
全开，调整氢冷器水压≯0.18MPa，机组启动时，发电机不宜过早投入氢
气冷却器冷却水。发电机并网后，氢温 30℃以上时，投入冷冻式氢气干
燥器，发电机解列后，停止冷冻式干燥器。
3.10.3.4. The temperature of the hydrogen at the inlet should be higher than 30℃,
and lower than 65 ℃ at the outlet. When the temperature of the
hydrogen at the inlet is low and the cooling water governing valves of
the hydrogen cooler is closed down, pay attention to the pressure of the

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 hydrogen cooler, throttling with the secondary valves at the inlet of each
branch. Open all primary valves, and adjust the pressure of the
hydrogen cooler to ≯0.18MPa. When the unit is starting up, the cooling
water of the hydrogen cooler in the generator should not be put into
operation too early. When generator are synchronized and the
temperature of the hydrogen is higher than 30 ℃ , put the freezing type
hydrogen drier into service. After the stepout of the generator, stop the
freezing type drier.
3.10.3.5. 首次更换干燥剂在机组投运后三个月内进行，以后电厂根据情况自定，但
不得超过 4.5 个月。
3.10.3.5. The first replacement of the desiccant should be carried out in three
months after the unit has been put into operation. And after that, the
period can be decided by the power plant by themselves, but no more
than 4.5 months.
3.10.3.6. 每半年对各电磁阀、安全阀检查试验一次。
3.10.3.6. Examine and test each magnetic valve and safety valve once a year.
3.10.3.7. 每天检查排放一次油水探测器(LIS)中的油水，并做好记录。
3.10.3.7. Examine and discharge the oil water in the oil water detector and make
record once a day.
3.10.3.8. 每周对机内氢气纯度、湿度、主油箱含氧量取样化验一次。
3.10.3.8. Sample and assay the purity of the hydrogen, the humidity and the
content of the oxygen once a day.
3.10.3.9. 每月定期测试一次发电机实际漏氢量。
3.10.3.9. Pactical hydrogen leakage test should be done on schedule for generator
set once a month.
3.10.4. 氢气系统异常运行处理
3.10.4. Treatment for abnormal operaton of hydrogen system
3.10.4.1. 运行中发电机内氢压降至允许值的下限，虽经自动补氢装置频繁动作，氢
压也未能回升至允许值范围内，应停用自动补氢装置，改用手动方式
补氢，同时应进行下列检查并采取相应措施。
3.10.4.1. When the running generator internal hydrogen pressure exceeds the low
limit, the hydrogen make-up device will start up automatically frequently,
if the hydrogen pressure can not recover to the allowable value range,
stop the automatic hydrogen make-up device. Add the hydrogen
manually. Simultaneously, carry out the following checking and take the
corresponding measures.
1) 检查氢压表管及其表计，如查明表管堵塞，接头漏泄或表计失灵，应立即
更换。
1) Check the hydrogen pressure gauge and pipeline. If it is found that the
gauge pipe is blocked, the joint leaks or the gauges are in malfunction.
Replace them immediately.

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 2) 检查密封油压。如油压偏低，应立即启动备用密封油泵，保持油泵运行状
态及出口压力正常，检查平衡阀、差压阀跟踪是否良好。
2) Check the seal oil pressure. If the pressure is low. Start up the standby
seal oil pump. Keep the oil pump running normally and outlet pressure
normal. Check the balance valve, differential pressure valve tracing is
good or not.
3) 检查供氢母管压力，如氢压过低，应查明供氢主管路及其阀门有无缺陷，
氢站供氢压力是否正常。
3) Check the hydrogen supply header pressure. If the pressure is too low,
check the hydrogen supply pipe and the valves for failures, the hydrogen
supply pressure of hydrogen station is normal or not.
4) 检查自动补氢装置本身有无缺陷，如一时不能修复，可暂时用手动补氢方
法维持。
4) Check the automatic hydrogen make-up device has failure or not. If any,
and the failure can not be resolved timely. Add hydrogen manually to
maintain the hydrogen pressure.
5) 检测内冷水箱顶部排气门有无含氢量，检查检氢柜是否有漏氢点，并设法
消除。
5) Check whether there is hydrogen from the exhaust valve on the top of
internal cooling water tank. Check whether there is hydrogen leakage from
the hydrogen storage unit. If any, try to resolve it.
6) 采取上述措施后，如氢压仍不能恢复到额定值，应降低机负荷，根据氢压
带负荷。
6) If the hydrogen fails to recover to the rated value after the above
measures are taken. Reduce the load on the unit based on the
hydrogen pressure.
3.10.4.2. 运行中发电机漏氢量增大，补氢无法维持低负荷运行时，应采取下列措
施：
3.10.4.2. If the hydrogen leakage form generator in service become severe.
Adding hydrogen can not keep the operation under low load. Take the
following measures:
1) 检查密封油压是否正常，氢侧密封油泵均故障时，应立即检查确正空侧密
封油压跟踪正常，并紧急抢修氢侧油泵。空侧油泵均故障时，立即手动调
整平衡阀旁路门使氢侧油压高于氢压，减少氢气泄漏，启动屋顶风机、减
少厂房氢气浓度，防止氢爆。做好紧急排氢、停机准备，汇报领导。
1) Check the seal oil pressure is normal or not. If the seal oil pumps on
hydrogen side have trouble, check and confirm the air side seal oil
pressure tracing is normal. Maintain the oil pumps on hydrogen side

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 urgently. When the air side oil pumps fail, adjust the balance valve bypass
valve manually to make the hydrogen side oil pressure higher than
hydrogen pressure. Reduce the hydrogen leakage. Start up the roof air
fans to reduce the hydrogen consistence preventing the hydrogen
explosion. Make the preparation for hydrogen exhaust. Report it to the
leader.
2) 当发现内冷水系统中出现氢气时，应尽快安排停机处理。
2) When the hydrogen is found in cooling water system. Shut down the unit
as soon as possible.
3) 注意防止在集电环附近、机壳周围引起氢爆。
3) Pay attention to prevent hydrogen explosion near the collector ring and
surrounding of generator housing.
3.10.4.3. 运行中当机内氢压超过额定氢压时，应立即打开排污门，停用自动补氢装置，将
氢压降至额定值，然后查明氢压升高的原因，并加以消除。
3.10.4.3. When the hydrogen pressure is higher than rated hydrogen pressure during the
operation, open the blowdown valves immediately. Stop the automatic
hydrogen make up devices and decrease the hydrogen pressure to the rated
value, then figure out the reason why the hydrogen pressure increased and
eliminate it.
3.10.4.4. 运行中当机内氢纯度低于 95%，应立即进行排污，并补充新鲜氢气，使氢气纯度
恢复到正常值，并查找原因，排污时，排污管出口附近应无动火作业，以防
氢爆。运行中当机内氢气湿度超出允许值，应用排污补氢方法处理，无效
时，应从下列几方面查找原因：
3.10.4.4. When the purity of the hydrogen in the generator is less than 95%, the blowdown
should be carried out immediately, and the fresh hydrogen should be made
up to make the purity of the hydrogen get back to the normal value, and
figure out the reason. When blowing down, there should be no fire operation
near to the blowdown pipes in case of hydrogen explosion. When the
humidity in the generator is higher than permissible value in the operation,
the blowdown make up hydrogen method is adopted, if doesn’t work, should
figure out the reason from aspects below:
1) 复查供氢母管氢气湿度是否合格。
1) Reexamine whether the hydrogen humidity of the main hydrogen
supplying pipe is qualified.
2) 检查从排污管排放的液体中水分的含量，并鉴别水分的来源。
2) Examine the water content in the liquid that blowed down from the
blowdown pipes and identify the source of the water.
3) 检查氢气冷却器有无漏水情况。
3) Examine whether the hydrogen cooler is leaking water.
4) 检查主油箱中有无存水，并取样化验油中含水量。
4) Examine whether there is water remain in the main oil tank, then sample
and assay the content of the water in the oil.

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 5) 检查定冷水温，若低于氢温，应立即提高定冷水温，并保持定冷水温高于
氢温5℃以上。
5) Examine the temperature of the cooling water, if it is lower than the
temperature of the hydrogen, then the temperature should be increased
immediately and keep it 5℃ higher than the temperature of the hydrogen.
6) 检查冷冻式干燥装置工作是否正常，水位是否过高，吸附式干燥器树脂是
否失败。
6) Examine whether the freezing type drier deveices are working normally,
whether the water level is too high, and whether the absorption type resin
fail.
3.10.4.5. 运行中若发现氢压降低和定冷水压升高的现象同时发生，应立即检查定冷
水箱顶部是否出现氢气，同时降低负荷。一旦判定机内漏水，应立即停机
处理。
3.10.4.5. If the decrease of the hydrogen pressure and the increase of the water
pressure happen at the same time during the operation, examine
whether there is hydrogen at the top of the cooling water tank and
decrease the load. Once make sure that there is a water leakage, shut
down the motor and handle it at once.
3.10.4.6. 当发电机组轴承油系统回主油箱内氢气体积含量超过 1%时应停机查漏。
3.10.4.6. SHUTDOWN the generator setand check for leakage when the content
of the hydrogen in the main oil tank for bearing oil system is more than
1%.
3.11. 发电机定子冷却水系统运行

3.11. The Operation of the Stator Cooling Water System of the Motor

3.11.1. 系统概述

3.11.1. Overview to system

定子线圈冷却水系统用以保证向定子线圈不间断地供水。监视水压，流量和电
导率等参数。系统还设有自动水温调节器，以调节定子线圈冷却水进水温度，使之
保持基本稳定。设置了离子交换器，用以提高进入定子线圈冷却水的水质。
The stator coil cooling water system is used to supply water to the stator
continuously.Monitor the parameter of the water pressure, the rate of flow, the
conductivity and so on. And there is also an automatic thermostat in the system to
adjust the inlet water temperature of the stator coil and keep it stable. An ion
exchanger is set to increase the quality of the water entering into the stator coil.
3.11.2. 设备技术参数

3.11.2. The equipment technical parameters

定子线圈冷却水进水压力：0.147~0.196MPa

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 The sator coil cooling water inlet water pressure:0.147~0.196MPa
进水温度：40～50℃
Inlet water temperature : 40～50℃
回水温度：≤90℃
Return water temperature :≤90℃
水量：30 m3/h
Water quantity:30 m3/h
3.11.3. 系统工作原理和主要设备

3.11.3. The working principle and main equipments of the system

3.11.3.1. 系统工作原理
3.11.3.1. The working principal of the system
定子线圈冷却水系统自成一独立封闭自循环系统，水泵从水箱中吸水，升压后
送入水冷却器降温，经过滤水器滤出机械杂质，然后进入发电机定子线圈，出水流
回水箱，如此不断循环。
The stator coil cooling system is an independent enclosed automatic
circulation system. The water pump pumps water from the water tank, and the
water is sent into water cooler to reduce the temperature after increasing pressure,
the cooled water goes through water filters to filter out the machenical impurities,
then enters into the stator coil of the motor. The outlet water flows back to the
water tank, circulating like this continuously.
系统中设置有自动水温调节器和离子交换器等辅助装置，还设有监视水温、水
压、电导率、流量等参数的表计，并可在超限时发出报警信号。
There are some auxiliary devices like automatic themaostat and ion
exchanger in the system, and also gauges to minitor parameters of water
temperature, conductivity, the rate of flow and so on, and they can alarm when
there is an overlimit.
在发电机定子线圈冷却水进、出口管路上增设旁路和阀门,以便用户对定子线圈
进行反向冲洗。
Add bypass and valves at the inlet and outlet pipelines of the stator coil
cooling water of the motor so that the users can back flush the stator coils.
3.11.3.2. 系统主要设备

3.11.3.2. Main equipments of the system

1) 水箱
1) Water tank
水箱上装有补水装置和液位信号器。当水箱水位下降时，液位信号器接点动

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作，通过电气控制回路启动电磁阀自动向箱内补水，当水箱水位高时，通过溢流管
自然溢流。
The make-up water device and level signal generator is set up on the water
tank. When the level decreases, the level signal contact will act to open the
solenoid valve via the electric control circuit to add water to water tank. When the
level is high, the excessive water will flow out through the overflow pipe.
2) 水泵
2) Water pump
系统中设置二台同型号的交流电动水泵，一台工作、一台备用。当泵口压力低
于整定值时，压力控制器常开开关动作，接通电气控制回路，启动备用泵。
Two AC motor-driven pumps of the same model are provided for the system.
One is in service, the other one is standby. When the pump outlet pressure is
lower than the setting value, the normal closed switch of pressure controller will
act to connect the electric control circuit. The standby pump will start up.
3) 水冷却器
3) Water cooler
冷却器壳体和换热管材料均为水中不锈材料制造，单台冷却面积80m2。本系统
共设冷却器二台，一台工作、一台备用。
The cooler housing and heat exchanging tube is made of the stainless steel.
The cooling area of one cooler is 80m2. Two coolers are provided for this system,
of which one is in service, the other one is standby.
4) 过滤器
4) Filter
其外壳用不锈钢制造，在反冲洗管路上，为不锈钢板激光打孔过滤器，单台可
以工作。
Its housing is made of stainless steel. The holes of which are made by laser
on backwash pipeline. One filter can support the system.
5) 离子交换器
5) Ion exchanger
系统运行一段时间后，水质会逐渐下降，离子交换器是专为提高系统中纯水水
质而设置的，不允许直接处理生水。离子交换器为混合床式，即阴离子树脂和阳离
子树脂以2:1的比例混合装填在同一床体内。其过流量约5m3/h，占系统总流量的8
％左右。树脂再生采用体外再生方式，树脂牌号由用户自定，一般均选用强酸性阳
离子和强碱性阴离子。树脂装填量约0.16m3。
After a certain time operation, the system water quality will deteriorate. The
ion exchanger is provided for improving the water quality. The raw water can not
flow into it directly. The ion exchanger is mixed bed type, i.e. the anion resin and

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cation resin is mixed together at the ratio of 2:1 and filled into the same bed. Its
flow is 5m3/h accounting for 8% of the total flow. The resin regeneration adopts
outside regeneration mode. Resin number is determined by the customer.
Generally, they use the strong acid cation or strong alkaline anion. The resin
stuffing is 0.16m3.
6) 电导率计
6) Conductivity meter
系统中设置2套同型号的电导率计，一套用来监视进入发电机定子线圈的冷却水
的电导率，另一套用来监视离子交换器出水的电导率，以便判断定子线圈冷却水是
否排污补水或树脂是否需要再生。
Two conductivity meters of the same model are provided for the system. One
is used to monitor the conductivity of the cooling water entering the generator
stator coils. The other one is for monitoring the conductivity of ion exchanger outlet
water. Therefore, the personnel can know whether the stator coil cooling water
need to blow down or to be added, the resin needs to be regenerated or not.
7) 温度调节阀
7) Temperature governor valve
在水冷却器循环水进水管路上设置一套温度调节阀，用以调节循环水量，从而
控制冷却器热介质侧出口温度(即线圈冷却水进水温度)在40～50℃左右。
One temperature governor valve is set up on the circulating cooling water inlet
pipeline to adjust the temperature of circulating water. Therefore, the cooler hot
side outlet water temperature (coil inlet cooling water temperature) can be
controlled at 40～50℃.
3.11.4. 投入前的准备

3.11.4. The preparation for the activation

1) 密封油系统已投入运行。
1) Put the seal oil system into operation
2) 发电机内已充氢正常，氢压0.25 MPa。
2) The hydrogen filling to the motor is normal and the hydrogen pressure is
0.3MPa
3) 冷却水系统已投运正常。
3) The cooling water system has been put into operation normally
4) 凝结水补水泵已运行
4) The condensate backup pump has been put into operation
5) 定冷泵已具备启动条件。
5) The stator cooling pimp posseses startup conditions

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3.11.5. 定子冷却水系统的投运

3.11.5. The activation of the stator cooling water system

1) 向定子冷却水箱补充合格的除盐水。
1) Make up qualified demineralized water to the stator cooling water tank
2) 开启水箱排污门，冲洗水箱10分钟后关闭。水箱水位补至溢流管有溢流
后，补水电磁阀自动关闭。注意水箱水位高、低信号应正确，电磁阀开关
正常。
2) Open the blowdown valves of the water tank, flush the water tank for ten
minutes then close these valves. The make up water magnetic valves
close automatically after the water lever in the water tank is filled until
water overflows from the overflow pipe. The signal of the water level on
the water tank should be correct, and the magnetic valves can open and
close normally.
3) 补水压力控制在0.3~1.6MPa。
3) The pressure of the make up water should be kept between 0.3~1.6MPa.
4) 启动定子冷却水泵一台，开启出口门，向系统冲水进行正、反冲洗，调整
再循环门，使冲洗过程中，进水压力不超过0.2MPa。
4) Start up one stator cooling water pump, open the outlet valve to carry out
the positive washing and backwashing to the system. Adjust the
recirculation valve to keep the inlet water pressure no more than 0.2 MPa
during the washing.
5) 系统安装投运前必须进行反冲洗，冲洗结束后再进行正向冲洗。
5) Backwashing must be carried out before the activation of the system, and
positive washing after the backwashing.
6) 取样化验合格后，关闭排污门投入定子冷却水导电度计。
6) After the sampling and the assaying are qualified, close the blowdown
valve and put the cooling water conductivity gauge into operation.
7) 开启定子绕组汇流管上2个排气门待水不断流出时关闭排气门。
7) Open two exhaust valves on stator winding collecting pipe, wait until the
water flows out continuously, then close the valves.
8) 开 进 、 出 口 总 门 ， 调 整 定 子 绕 组 及 引 出 线 冷 却 水 进 水 门 保 持 压 力
0.1~0.2MPa，进水流量27t/h、引出线3t/h。
8) Open the main valve of the inlet and outlet, adjust the stator windings and
keep the pressure of the lead-out wire cooling water inlet at 0.1~0.2MPa,
and keep the inlet rate of flow at 27 t/h, keep the inlet flow rate of the lead-
out wire at 3t/h.
9) 系统投入前，若定子冷却水温低于氢温时，开启定冷水电加热器出、入口

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 门，投入电加热装置，使定冷水温应高于氢温5℃左右，停止电加热装置。
9) If the temperature of the stator cooling water is lower than the temperature
of the hydrogen before the activation of the system, open inlet and outlet
valves of the stator cooling water electric heater, put electric heating
devices into operation. The temperature of the stator cooling water should
be 5 ℃ hgher than hydrogen temperature, then shut down the heating
devices.
电加热投入步骤：
The step of activation the heating devices:
a) 关闭发电机进出水总门。
a) Close the main water outlet valve of the motor
b) 定子冷却水打循环后，接通电加热器。
b) Connect to the electric heater after the stator cooling water has been
circulating
c) 根据就地电接点温度计进行监视，当水温大于氢温5℃后，切断电加热器。
c) Monitor with a local electric contact thermometer, when the water
temperature is 5℃ higher than hydrogen temperature, cut off the electric
heater.
d) 开启发电机进出水总门，关闭电加热器前后手动门。
d) Open the main valve of water inlet and outlet valves, close the front and
rear manual valves of the electric heater.
10) 水冷却器投入时，应从顶部排空气，排尽后关闭。
10) When putting the water cooler into operation, the air should be discharged
from the top, shut down the cooler when finished.
11) 将水温调节阀投入自动，维持定子冷却水温在40～50℃，正常冷却器一台
运行，一台备用。
11) Put the temperature governing valves into auto, and keep the temperature
of the stator cooling water at40 ～ 50 ℃ . One of the normal cooler is in
operation, and one in standby state.
3.11.6. 正常运行维护及试验

3.11.6. Normal operation& maintenance and test

3.11.6.1. 在任何情况下，氢压必须高于水压 0.03MPa 以上，定子绕组出水温度≯

90 ℃。
3.11.6.1. No matter under what condition, the hydrogen pressure must be more
than 0.03MPa higher than the water pressure, and the outlet water
temperature of the stator coil , ≯90 ℃.

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3.11.6.2. 夏季，在定子冷却水出水温度＜90℃以下时，进水温度可以高于规定，但
≯50 ℃。
3.11.6.2. In summer, when the stator cooling water outlet temperature is less than
90℃, the inlet water can be higher than the required temperature, but ≯
50 ℃.
3.11.6.3. 在 进 、 出 水 温 度 差 ＜ 25 ℃ ， 出 水 温 度 ＜ 90 ℃ 的 条 件 下 ， 进 水 流 量 ≮
24t/h，引出线流量≮2.5t/h 时，允许机组带额定负荷运行。
3.11.6.3. Under the condition of that the inlet and outlet water difference is less
than 25℃ and the outlet water is lower than 90℃, when the inlet water
flow is no less than 24t/h and the leading-out flow is no less than 2.5t/h,
the unit is permitted to run with rated load.
3.11.6.4. 当定子进水压力已达到 0.15MPa(运行平台压力表)，而流量仍然不足时，
可以将进水压力提高到 0.18MPa，但发电机内气压降至 0.21MPa 时，必
须补氢至正常。
3.11.6.4. When the stator inlet pressure has already reached 0.15MPa (operation
platform pressure gauge) , but the flow is not yet enough, the inlet
pressure can be increased to 0.18MPa, but when the pressure inside
the generator is decreased to 0.21MPa, hydrogen must be feed to reach
the normal state.
3.11.6.5. 正常维护参数：
3.11.6.5. Normal maintenance parameter:
1) 定子冷却水进水压力：0.147~0.196 MPa。
1) The stator cooling water outlet pressure: 0.147~0.196 MPa.
2) 定子冷却水量：30 t/h。
2) The stator cooling water flow: 30 t/h.
3) 定子引出线冷却水量：3t/h。
3) The stator leading-out cooling water flow: 3t/h.
4) 定子冷却水进水温度：40～50℃。
4) The inlet temperature of the stator cooling water : 40～50℃.
5) 定子冷却水出水温度：＜90℃。
5) The outlet temperature of the stator cooling water:＜90℃.
3.11.6.6. 当定子冷却水电导率大于 2μs/cm 时，应换水或投入离子交换器运行，且
进入离子交换器的水压应控制在 0.35MPa 以下，直至水质合格，方可停
运。若出水电导率高于 0.5μs/cm 时，应进行树脂再生。
3.11.6.6. When the conductivity of the stator cooling water is more than 2μs/cm,
the water should be changed or the anion exchanger should be run, with
the intake water being controlled at lower than 0.35MPa, until the water
is qualified, If the outlet water conductivity is higher than 0.5μs/cm, resin
regeneration should be applied.
3.11.6.7. 每月应做一次定子冷却水泵，水冷却器滤网的切换。

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3.11.6.7. Interchange the stator cooling water pump and renew the strainer for the
water cooler once monthly.
3.11.6.8. 停机发电机解列后，在发电机未冷却前，可进行定冷水系统反冲洗。
3.11.6.8. Backwash the stator cooling water system right after the generator is de-
synchronized and before it is cooled.
3.11.6.9. 定冷水箱水位，保持在 2/3 以上，当凝输泵化学除盐泵停运时，定冷水箱
补水应改为凝结水供给(凝结水质合格)，关闭除盐水补水门，防止倒吸造
成水箱水位下降。
3.11.6.9. The lever of the stator cooling water tank should be kept at more than 2/3.
When the chemical demineralization pump is deactivated, the stator
cooling water tank should be changed to feed condensate water(the
condensate water is qualified),and the demineralized water feeding gate
should be shut down to prevent the falling of water table by back
sucking.
3.11.6.10. 定子线圈进水流量计 (引线出水流量计流量指示值仅作为参考值)低至下
限 12m3/h 时，如 30 秒内不能回升，则发电机断水保护动作，发电机应
减负荷或全甩负荷。定子线圈进水流量下限值整定在 12m3/h.
3.11.6.10. When the indicated value on the stator coil inlet flow meter (the
indicated value on the lead outlet flow meter is only served as reference)
decreased to the limit 12m3/h, for example, it cannot run up within 30
seconds, the generator should be disconnected from water to protect
itself and decrease its load or reject load completely. The limit inferior of
the stator coil outlet water flow is set 12 m3/h.
3.11.7. 定子冷却水系统的停止

3.11.7. The Deactivation of the stator cooling water system

3.11.7.1. 发电机解列后，反冲洗结束后，方可停止本系统。
3.11.7.1. This system can only be shut down after the trip and backwash of the
generator.
3.11.7.2. 关闭定子冷却器冷却水门，水温调整退出自动。
3.11.7.2. Close the cooling water door of the stator cooler, water temperature
adjustment comes out of automatic control.
3.11.7.3. 退出备用泵自动联锁。
3.11.7.3. Quit the standby pump automatic interlocking.
3.11.7.4. 停止定子冷却水泵。
3.11.7.4. Shut down the stator cooling water pump.
3.11.7.5. 水箱水位控制投手动。
3.11.7.5. Manual control of water lever for the tank.
3.11.7.6. 开启定冷水箱放水门，放尽关闭。(备用时，不放水)

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3.11.7.6. Open the outlet gate of the stator cooling water tank, and shut it when
the tank is empty. (When the tank is standby, do not outlet water)
3.11.7.7. 开启发电机冷却水排出水管放水门，放尽后关闭。
3.11.7.7. Open the outlet gate of the generator cooling water pipe, and close it
when the pipe is empty.
3.11.8. 发电机定子冷却水系统故障处理

3.11.8. The Handling of the fault of stator cooling water system

3.11.8.1. 定子线圈进水压力、流量同时降低
3.11.8.1. The pressure and the flow of the stator coil decrease simultaneously
1) 检查定子冷却水泵是否故障，当泵出口压力低报警时，备用泵应自启，否
则手动投入，停故障泵。
1) Check the stator cooling water pump to see if there is any fault. The
standby pump will be self-droved when there is alarm of low outlet
pressure, if not, stop the fault pump manually.
2) 检查定子冷却水过滤器滤网是否堵塞，堵塞时应联系清洗。
2) Check the screen of the stator cooling water strainer to see if there is any
plug, and when there is, contact the workers to clean it.
3) 检查定子冷却水冷却器是否泄漏，当发现压力、流量降低，检查其它正常
而水箱水位下降较快时，检查补水电磁阀应开启。在加强补水的同时，再
检查水箱放水门是否关严或进行冷却器查漏。
3) Check whether the cooler of the stator cooling water is leaking. When the
pressure and flow are found decreasing, and the water level drops rapidly
while other inspections are normal, the solenoid valve should be open.
While strengthening the water feeding, check again whether the outlet
gate of the tank is well-closed or the cooler is leaking.
4) 发电机定子冷却水压力、流量降低，以致“发电机定子冷却水中断”信号发出
后，按发电机规程有关条款执行。
4) When the alarm is issued that the cooling water of the generator stator is
interrupted because of the decreasing pressure and flow of the cooling
water, operate it according to the provisions of the generator order.
3.11.8.2. 发电机回水温度升高或水质恶化
3.11.8.2. Generator returning water temperature increase or water quality
deterioration
1) 发电机定子冷却水回水温度升高时，开大进水门增加流量。并开大冷却器
冷却水门，降低发电机进水温度。调整无效，当回水温度达90℃时，应汇
报值长，立即减负荷直至回水温度恢复正常。

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 1) When the generator stator returning cooling water temperature increases,
open widely the water inlet valve to increase the flow, reduce the
generator inlet water temperature. If the adjustment is ineffective, when
the returning water temperature reaches 90 ℃ , report it to the leader.
Reduce the load until the returning water temperature recover to normal
value.
2) 定子线圈冷却水导电度高报警时，应安排专人就地换水并检查水处理回路
投入。如离子交换器出口导电度高报警时，应对树脂进行再生。
2) When the stator coil cooling water conductivity is high, and the alarm is
sent out. Send special personnel to replace the water on site. Check the
water treatment loop is put into service. If the ion exchanger outlet water
conductivity is high, and the alarm is sent out, regenerate the resin.
3.12. 凝结水系统运行

3.12. Maintenance of condensate system

3.12.1. 系统概述

3.12.1. Overview to system

每台机组设置两台100%容量定速电动凝结水泵，将凝结水输送到除氧器。一运
一备，两台凝结水泵可互为备用。
Each unit is equipped with two electric driven condensate pump with 100%
capacity and fixed speed, which are mainly used to convey the condensate into
the deaerator. One is for operation and the other is for standby use, two
condensate pumps can be used for the backup one interactively.
凝结水泵出口设置有至凝汽器的再循环管道，以保证在启动时有凝泵允许的最
小流量通过，防止泵汽蚀。该管道从轴封冷却器后接出，是为了保证在启动和低负
荷时有足够的水量流经轴封冷却器。
The recirculating pipes are installed at the outlet of the condensate pump to
guarantee there is the minimum allowable flow passing of the condensate pump,
to prevent steam corrosion to the pipes. The pipeline is led out from the rear of the
gland seal cooler to guarantee there is enough water flowing by the gland seal
cooler during startup and low load.
在5号低加出口设置了放水管道，当机组启动水质不合格时，打开此管路放水门
(10LCA71AA001)放水，直到水质合格为止。
The water discharging pipes are laid at the outlet of No. 5 LP heater, when
water quality doesn’t pass the quality test during unit startup, open the pipeline
water discharging valve (10LCA71AA001) to discharge water until the water
quality passes the quality test.

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 凝结水泵入口滤网运行中应严格监视进出口压差，大于1m水柱时，应清洗滤
网。
The inlet and outlet differential pressure of condensate pump inlet filtering net
should be strictly supervised under operation, when it is bigger than 1-meter water
column, clean the filtering net.
正常运行时，凝结水补水直接用化学除盐泵供给，通过热井补水调节门进行补
水。
During the normal operating, the make-up water of condensate water is
directly supplied by the chemical demineralized pump, and fill the water through
the hot well water filling adjustment valve.
启动前，除盐水可通过启动上水泵向锅炉上水。(至锅炉的补水阀应特别注意：
在机组正常运行时，应采取措施，保证该阀不会因误操作而开启)。
When commissioning is carried out before startup or under low load operation,
the demineralized water can be filled into the boiler by starting the water filling
pump. (Pay special attention to the water make-up valve of the boiler: under
normal operation of the unit, take measures to guarantee the valve won’t be
opened out of error).
从除盐水母管上分别接有支管向闭式冷却水膨胀水箱补水、凝泵密封水、真空
泵气液分离器补水及发电机定子冷却水水箱启动补水。
At the very beginning of startup, the pipeline led out from the demineralized
water tank is rised pressure by the water filling pump, filling water for the boiler.
The branch pipes are connected with the condensate water main pipe to start
making up water for the closed circulating cooling water expansion water tank, to
start sealing water for the condensate pump, to start making up water for the
vaccum pump, and start making up water for the generator stator cooling water
tank.
3.12.2. 设备规范

3.12.2. Equipment specification

表 3-12-1 Table 3-12-1
凝结水泵 筒袋型立式多级离心泵
Condensate pump Tube bag type vertical multistage
centrifugal pump
型号 8LDTNB-7PJ
Model
一台机组数量 2
Number for one unit Two
性能参数
Performance and parameters

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 流量 560 t/h
Flow
扬程 253 mH2O
Lift
泵效率 81 %
Pump efficiency
汽蚀余量 1.0
Cavitation and allowance
轴功率 478 KW
Shaft power
电动机
Motor
型号 YKKL450-4TH
Model
功率 630 KW
Power
频率 50HZ
Frequency
转速 1485rpm
Speed
电压 6000V
Voltage

3.12.3. 凝结水系统的投运

3.12.3. The activation of condensate system

3.12.3.1. 检查凝结水系统阀门状态符合启动条件。
3.12.3.1. Inspect to make sure the condensate system valve condition satisfies the
startup condition.
3.12.3.2. 通知化学专业启动除盐泵，除盐泵运行正常。
3.12.3.2. Inform the chemical personnel to start up the demineralized pump, and
the demineralized pump is in normal operation.
3.12.3.3. 开启凝汽器热水井水位调节阀向热井补水至正常水位，投入热井补水调节
阀. “自动”。在向热井补水同时，开凝结水系统充水门向系统充水排空
气，开启#5 低加出口管道及低压减温水管道放空气门，见水后关闭放空
气门，并对低加水侧进行泄漏检查。
3.12.3.3. Open the main and associate regulation valve of condenser hot well
water level to make up water for the hot well until normal water level,
making the hot well make-up water regulation valve as “automatic”type.
Along with the water make-up for the hot well, open the condensate
system water filling valve to fill water and discharge air for the system,
open the air discharging valve of No. 5 LP heater outlet pipeline and LP

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 heater desuperheating water pipeline, after water leaks close the air
discharging valve and carry out water leakage inspection ot LP heater
water side.
3.12.3.4. 开 启 凝 结 泵 密 封 水 总 门 及 分 门 ， 调 整 并 保 持 凝 结 泵 密 封 水 压
0.35~0.6MPa 。 开 启 凝 结 泵 入 口 抽 空 气 门 (10LCB11AA001 or
10LCB12AA001)，调整轴承冷却水正常。
3.12.3.4. Open the general valve and the branch valve from the demineralized
water and self-sealing water to condensate pump sealing water,
regulate and keep the condensate pump sealing water pressure within
0.35~0.6MPa. Open the extraction air valve of the condensate pump
inlet (10LCB11AA001 or 10LCB12AA001), regulate the bearing cooling
water to normal condition.
3.12.3.5. 检查凝结水泵满足启动允许条件，程控步序启动凝结泵：
3.12.3.5. Inspect to make sure the condensate pump satisfies the startup
allowable condition, start the condensate pump based on the program
control sequence:
1) 开 入 口 门 (10LCA11AA001 and 10LCA12AA001) ， 关 泵 出 口 门
(10LCA11AA003 or 10LCA12AA003)。
1) Open the inlet valve (10LCA11AA001 and 10LCA12AA001) and close the
pump outlet valve (10LCA11AA003 or 10LCA12AA003) (Open the pump
outlet valve 10%).
2) 启动凝结泵。
2) Start the condensing pump.
3) 开出口门(10LCA11AA003 or 10LCA12AA003)。
3) Open the outlet valve (10LCA11AA003 or 10LCA12AA003) .
4) 检查压力、流量、电流应正常。
4) Inspect to make sure the pressure, flow and the current is normal. Switch
the condensate sealing water supply over to condensate pump outlet
condensate supply (10LCW11AA001 and 10LCW12AA001), activate the
sealing water pressure to automatic type, set the sealing water pressure
at 0.5MPa which is normal.
3.12.3.6. 凝结水系统打循环，对凝汽器、凝结水管路、低加进行循环冲洗，水质不
合格时，开启#5 低加出口阀前放水门(10LCA71AA001)，排水至工业水
回 收 水 池 。 化 学 化 验 水 质 合 格 后 ， 关 闭 #5 低 加 出 口 放 水 门
(10LCA71AA001)，向除氧器上水至低水位时，联系化学化验水质，水质
合格后上水至正常，否则，开启至定排放水门放水后重新上水化验，直至
合格。待水质合格后，关闭放水门，补水至正常水位。
3.12.3.6. The condensate system circulates, carry out circulating flushing to
condenser, condensate pipeline and LP heater. When the water quality
doesn’t pass the quality test, open the water discharging valve
(10LCA71AA001) of No.5 LP heater outlet vlave, discharge water into

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 the industrial recycling water pool. After the water quality passes the
chemical quality test, close outlet water discharging valve
(10LCA71AA001) of No.5 LP heater, when the deaerator fills water to
low water level. Contact with the chemical operators to test the water
quality, after the water quality passes the quality test, fills up water to
normal level, otherwise, open the scheduled water discharging valve to
discharge water to fill up water and test again, until it passes the quality
test. After the water quality passes the quality test, close the water
discharging valve to make up water to the normal water level.
3.12.3.7. 开启#8,7,6,5 低加水侧放空气门，待空气放尽后，关闭放空气门，投入
#8,7,6,5 低加水侧，开启除氧器进水门，冲洗除氧器，直至水质合格。
3.12.3.7. Based on the boiler water filling type, open the boiler water filling valve,
open the water injection valve of HP heater water side, open the air
discharging valve of #1,2,3 HP heater water room, drain cooler water
side, steam cooler water side and pipelines, after the air is discharged
completely, close air discharging vale, activate the HP water side, open
the water discharging valve in front of the fee water control platform,
after the water quality of the HP heater water side is flushed eligible,
open feed water flow regulation valve to fill up water for the steam drum
to the normal water level.
3.12.4. 凝结水系统的调节联锁

3.12.4. The regulation interlock of condensate system

3.12.4.1. 凝汽器热井水位自动调节
3.12.4.1. The automatic regulation of condenser hot well water level
1) 凝汽器热井水位，在机组启动初期或需补水较大时，由补水电动调节阀进
行调节。当热井水位低于低一水位时(330mm)，在主控室报警，并自动开
启(或开大)调节阀；当热井水位高于高水位时报警(1200mm)，自动关小或
关闭该阀。
1) The water level of condenser hot well is regulated by the make-up water
electric driven regulation vlave at the very beginning of unit startup or the
make-up water volume is big. When the water level of hot well is lower
than certain level (330mm), alarm in the main control room, and open the
regulation valve automatically; when it alarms because the hot well water
level is high (1200mm), close it smaller or close the valve.
3.12.4.2. 凝 结 水 泵 再 循 环 电 动 调 节 阀 (10LCA31AA101) 及 其 旁 路 门
(10LCA31AA003)。
3.12.4.2. The recirculating regulation valve (10LCA31AA101) of condensate pump
and the valve (10LCA31AA003) of its bypass
该组阀门装于轴封冷却器出口至凝汽器的管道上。用以控制凝结水的再循环
量，以确保在启动和低负荷时凝泵有允许的最小流量通过，防止凝泵汽蚀。当气动

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调节阀故障时，由旁路门人工调节。
The set of valve is installed on the pipeline from the gland seal cooler outlet to
the condenser. It is used to control the recirculating value of the condensate to
guarantee there is minimum allowable flow passing by during startup and low load
operation, to prevent the steam corrosion to the condensate pump. When
pneumatic regulation valve goes wrong, regulate the bypass valve.
1) 开启条件
1) Startup conditions
a) 凝结水流量小于130 t/h。
a) The condensate flow is smaller than 130 t/h.
b) 除氧器水位高二值。
b) The deaerator water level is higher than the second value.
c) 汽机甩负荷主汽门跳闸。
c) The main steam valve trips after the steam turbine load rejection.
2) 关闭条件
2) The closing condition
以上a)~c)条开启条件不成立或除氧器水位低于高一值时关闭该阀。
The valve should be closed after the a)~c) startup condition is not satisfied or
the deaerator water level is lower than certain value.
3.12.4.3. 凝结水泵停运条件

3.12.4.3. The shutdown condition of the condensate pump

1) 热井水位低二值(≤180mm)
1) The low second value of hot well water level(≤180mm)
2) 推力轴承温度超高或电机轴承温度高(>95℃ )
2) The high temperature of thrust bearing or motor bearing temperature is
high (>95℃)
3) 凝结泵运行，凝结水流量小于130 t/h且再循环开度≤80%，延时20秒跳闸。
3) The condensate pump is operating, the condensate water flow is smaller
than 130 t/h and the recirculation degree≤80%, trip after delaying 20s.
3.12.5. 正常维护

3.12.5. Normal maintenance

3.12.5.1. 加强检查凝结水泵的运转情况，如电流、振动、声音、出口压力应正常。
3.12.5.1. Pay more attention on checking the running condition of the condensate
pump. Eg: The current, vibration, sound and outlet pressure should be
normal.
3.12.5.2. 检查运行泵入口滤网差小于 0.06MPa。

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3.12.5.2. Check the pressure difference of the inlet strainer of the running pump
should be less than 0.06MPa.
3.12.5.3. 检查凝结泵密封水、盘根冷却水畅通。
3.12.5.3. Check that the sealing water of the condensate pump and the gland
cooling water should flow freely. The bearing cooling water quantity is 2
m³⁄h while pressure is 0.25~0.3 m³⁄h. The temperature of cooling water
is less than 38 ℃ . check it when cooling water quantity is less than 1
m³⁄h or pressure is less than 0.15 MPa. Shut down the unit if problems
can not be solved within 30min.
3.12.5.4. 检查泵轴承温度、电机线圈温度正常。泵及电机轴承温度 75℃报警，80
℃跳泵，电机绕组温度 110℃报警，120℃停泵。
3.12.5.4. Check that the temperature of pump bearing and motor wiring should be
normal. When temperature of pump and motor bearing reach to 75℃, it
will alarm. When temperature reach to 95 ℃ , it will trip pump. When
motor winding temperature is 110℃, it will alarm. When temperature is
120℃, the pump will stop.
3.12.5.5. 检查泵电动机轴承油位正常，无漏油现象。
3.12.5.5. Check that the oil level of the pump motor bearing should be normal
without oil leakage phenomenon.
3.12.5.6. 检查凝汽器热井水位在 600mm~900mm 范围。
3.12.5.6. Check that the water level of the condenser hot well should be within the
range of 600mm~900mm.
3.12.5.7. 检查备用泵备用良好，按规定定期进行凝结泵的切换工作。
3.12.5.7. Check that the standby pump is in good condition. Carry out switch work
to the condensate pump periodically according to the provision.
3.13. 低压加热器的运行

3.13. LP Heater Operation

3.13.1. 设备概述

3.13.1. Overview to equipment

低压加热器系统单独布置(6#与7#低压加热器间没有水侧阀门)，#5低加出口布
置为手动门，同时布置有放水管道，当机组启动水质不合格时，打开此管路放水门
放水，直到水质合格为止，其中7#低加处设置有两台低加疏水泵。
LP heater system is arranged singly (among them, the 6# and 7# LP heaters
water side, inlet valve is installed at the position of 7# LP heater inlet, and there is
no valve at water side between the 6# and 7# LP heaters ), the outlet of the #5 LP
heater is also electric valve. At the same time, the water discharging pipe is
arranged, and when the water quality is not qualified during unit startup, open the
valve of this pipeline to discharge water until the water quality is qualified, and two

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LP heater drain pumps are installed at the 7# LP heater position.
#8、7、6、5低加正常工作汽源对应本机8、7、6、5段抽汽。
During normal operation, the steam source of the #8、7、6、5 LP heater is
the extraction of 8、7、6、5 stage.
3.13.2. 设备规范

3.13.2. Equipment specification

表 3-13-1 Table 3-13-1
5#低加 6#低加 7#低加 8#低加
名称 单位
LP heater LP heater LP LP heater
Name Unit
#5 #6 heater #7 #8
型式 JD430-4 JD430-3 JD430-2 JD430-1
Model
加热面积 m2 430 430 430 430
Heating area
传热管外径×壁厚 mm 16×1.0
The outer diameter
of heater transferring
pipe and pipe wall
thickness
管侧 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.07
设计压力 Tube
Design side MPa
pressure 壳侧 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.1
Shell side
工作压力 管侧 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Working Tube MPa
pressure side
壳侧 0.4631 0.257 0.0984 0.0553
Shell side
管侧 170 150 120 100
设计温度
Pipe side
Design ℃
壳侧 350 270 230 200
temperature
Shell side
工作温度 管侧 147.99 123.3 97.16 45.45
Working Pipe side ℃
temperature 壳侧 315.27 246.5 153 150
Shell side
3.13.3. 低加投、停操作原则

3.13.. Operating principle for activation and deactivation of the LP heater

1) 先投水侧、后投汽侧，先停汽侧、后停水侧。
1) Put the water side into operation first and then steam side. Put the steam

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 side out of operation first and then water side.
2) 高加切除后，如需再切除低加时，必须降低机组负荷至各监视段压力在正
常范围。
2) After the deactivation of the HP heater, if the LP heater needs to be put
out of operation, the unit load must be decreased until the monitoring
section pressure is in the normal range.
3) #6、7低加不能单独投运或停运。
3) The #6 and #7LP heater can not be put into or out of operation singly.
4) 正常情况下低加随机启、停，若低加消缺启、停时，一定要控制温升、温
降速度。
4) Under normal condition, the startup and shutdown of the LP heater is
carried as that of turbine. Under the trouble-shooting condition, the
temperature increasing and decreasing rate must be controlled during LP
heater startup and shutdown.
5) 主要阀门、保护异常，低加泄漏，不能将低加投运。
5) The abnormal condition of main valves and protection, and LP heater has
leakage, thus the LP heater can not be put into operation.
3.13.4. 低加投入前检查

3.13.4. Check before the activation of LP heater

1) 检查低加符合投运条件。
1) Check that the LP heater accords with the activation conditions.
2) 确证压缩空气运行正常。
2) Make sure the operation of compressed air is normal.
3) 确证低加及管道系统冲洗合格。各放水、放空气门关闭。
3) Make sure that the flushing of LP heater and pipe system is qualified. The
water and air discharging valves are close.
4) 所有仪表齐全、完好，各压力表、水位计一次门开启。
4) All the meters are all ready and prefect. The primary valves of each
pressure gauge and water gauge are open.
3.13.5. 低加的投运

3.13.5. The activation of LP heater

3.13.5.1. 低加随机投入
3.13.5.1. LP heater is put into operation as the activation of the turbine
1) 各低加出入口水门开启，旁路门关闭，凝结水系统投入。
1) Open the inlet and outlet valve of each LP heater and close the bypass
valve. Put the condensate system into operation.

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 2) 各低加自动疏水调整门及事故疏水调整电动门投自动，开启各低加抽汽电
动门及逆止门。
2) Put the adjusting valve of LP heater drainage and emergency drainage
motorized valve into auto mode, and open the extraction electric valve of
each LP heater and check valve.
3) 确证各低加水侧无泄漏，汽侧应无水位。
3) Make sure the water side of each LP heater has no leakage, and the
steam side should have no water level.
4) 机组冲转后，应密切注意各低加水位、自动疏水调整门动作情况。
4) After unit rolling, pay more attention to the water level of LP heater and the
activation condition of the drainage governing valve.
5) 随负荷增加，自动疏水调门自动开启，当水位高至高Ⅰ时，发出“水位高”信
号，自动疏水调门已全开且事故疏水门应自动开启，否则手动开启。保持
水位正常，事故疏水门自动关闭。
5) As the increase of the load, put the drainage governing valve into manual
mode. When the water level is as high as high Ⅰ , the “high water level”
signal will be given, and the emergency drainage valve should open
automatically, otherwise it will be open manually. Put the drainage
governing valve into auto mode to maintain the normal water level, and
then the emergency drainage valve closes automatically.
6) 全面检查各低加水位，阀门及保护均正常。
6) Fully check that the water level of LP heater, valves and protection are in
normal condition.
7) 轴封加热器随机启动，启动前要开启轴封加热器至凝汽器的疏水门。
7) Gland sealing heater is started along with the unit. Open drain valve
between gland sealing heater and condenser before startup.
8) 当机组负荷到20%负荷时，根据情况投运低加疏水泵，另一台投入备用。
8) When the unit load decreases to 20%, put the LP heater drain pump
according to actual situations, and make another one into standby.
3.13.5.2. 正常运行中低加的投入
3.13.5.2. The activation of LP heater during normal operation
1) 开启加热器汽侧放水门，将加热器内部存水放尽(低加汽侧为负压时，不得
开启汽侧放水门)。
1) Open the water discharging valve at the steam side of the heater to
discharge the deposited water in the heater(the water discharging valve at
steam side can not be opened when the pressure of the LP steam side is
negative).

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2) 稍开水侧放空气门，缓慢开启低加凝结水入口门充水，水侧放空气门冒水
后关闭放空气门，检查汽侧水位不应升高。
2) Open the air discharging valve at water side a little, and then slowly open
the condensate inlet valve of the LP heater to fill water, and when the air
discharging valve at water side sprays water, the air discharging valve
should be closed. Check that the water level at the steam side should not
increase.
3) 开启低加凝结水出口门，注意低加出口凝结水温升速应≯2℃/min，关闭旁
路门。
3) Open the condensate outlet valve of LP heater, and pay attention to the
condensate temperature rising rate, it should be not more than 2℃/min，
and then close the bypass valve.
4) 调出加热器功能子组，恢复疏水调节阀自动，逐级疏水门手动。开启抽汽
逆止门，检查抽汽电动门前、逆止门后疏水阀在开启位置。
4) Take the heater function group out, and resume the auto mode of the
emergency drainage governing valve, and put the stage-by-stage
drainage governing valve into manual mode. Open the extraction check
valve, and check that the drainage valve before electric valve and after
check valve is at open state.
5) 手动稍开抽汽电动门或就地电开电动门，暖管15分钟以上，注意低加凝结
水温升速度不大于2℃/min，直至进汽门全开。
5) Open the extraction electric valve a little manually or open the electric
valve by power locally to warm up the pipe for more than 15 minutes. Pay
attention to the condensate temperature rising rate, it should be not more
than 2℃/min until the steam admission valve is fully open.
6) 开启低加启动排气门，排空气5分钟以后关闭启动排气门，注意加热器水
位，低加的疏水调节门应动作正常，否则手动调整，启动初期，疏水不畅
时，可开启事故疏水阀；加热器正常后，注意疏水调整门动作正常，事故
疏水自动关闭。
6) Open startup exhaust valve of LP heater, and close the startup exhaust
valve after 5 minutes’ exhaust. Pay attention to the water level of the
heater, the activation of the drainage governing valve of LP heater should
be normal, otherwise, adjust manually. During initial period of the startup,
if the drainage is not free, open the emergency drainage valve. After the
heater works normally, pay attention to the drainage governing valve
which should work normally, and the emergency drainage closes
automatically.

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 7) 若上级低加运行，将上级低加疏水改为逐级自流。
7) If the upper LP heater is put into operation, change the drainage of upper
LP heater into stage-by-stage self-flowing mode.
8) 将低加各疏水调整门投自动，水位保护投入，关抽汽管道疏水阀。
8) Put the drainage adjusting valves of LP heater into auto mode, and put the
water level protection into operation. Close the drainage valve of
extraction pipe.
3.13.6. 低加程控启动步序

3.13.6. LP heater program start-up procedure

3.13.6.1. 8#低加功能子组程控启动步序
3.13.6.1. #8 LP heater start-up procedure through sub-function group program
control
1) 8#低加事故疏水阀、逐级疏水阀恢复自动。
1) #8 LP heaer emergency drain vavle and the stage by stage drain valve
recover to automatic mode.
2) 8#低加凝结水出口阀而后开入口阀。
2) #8 LP heater condensate outlet valve, then, open the inlet valve.
3) 关8#低加凝结水旁路门。
3) Close the #8 LP condensate bypass valve.
3.13.6.2. #5、6、7 低加功能子组程控启动步序
3.13.6.2. 5# 、 #6 and #7 LP heater start-up procedure through sub-function
program control
1) #5、6、7低加事故疏水阀、逐级疏水阀恢复自动。
1) 5#、#6, #7 LP heater emergency drain valve and the stage by stage drain
valve recover to automatic mode.
2) 开#5~7段抽汽逆止门前后疏水阀和电动疏水门。
2) Open drain valves before and after the stage V and stage VII extraction
check valves and the motor-driven drain valves.
3) 开#5~7段抽汽电动门和抽汽逆止门。
3) Open stage V and stage VII extraction motor-driven valves and the
extraction check valves.
4) 5分钟后，关#5~7段抽汽逆止门前后疏水阀和电动疏水门。
4) After 5 minutes, close the drain valves before and after the stage V and
stage VII extraction check valves and motor-driven valves.
3.13.7. 低加的停止

3.13.7. LP heater shutdown

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3.13.7.1. 正常运行中低加的停运
3.13.7.1. Shutdown of LP heater during normal operation
1) 缓慢关闭需停运低加进汽门，注意低加出水温度，变化不超过2℃/min。
1) Slowly close the steam admission valve of the LP heater which needs to
be shut down, an pay attention to the outlet water temperature of LP
heater, the change should not exceed 2℃/min.
2) 关闭低加抽汽逆止门、连续排汽门及逐级疏水门，汽侧水位不应升高。
2) Close the extraction check valve, continuous exhaust valve and stage-by-
stage drainage valve of the LP heater, the water level at steam side
should not increase.
3) 汽侧无压后，缓慢开启低加水侧旁路门，注意除氧器不应过负荷。
3) After the steam side has no pressure, slowly open the bypass valve at the
water side of LP heater, and pay attention to the deaerator which should
have no overload.
4) 进、出口水门。
4) Close the water inlet and outlet valve of LP heater.
5) 关闭逐级疏水门及事故疏水门前后手动门。
5) Close the stage-by-stage drainage valve and the manual valve before and
after the emergency drainage valve.
6) 开启抽汽电动门前疏水门。
6) Open the drainage valve before extraction electric valve.
7) 开启水侧放水门。
7) Open the water discharging valve at water side.
3.13.7.2. #5～8 低加功能子组停程控步序
3.13.7.2. #5 ～ 8 LP heater stopping procedure through sub-function program
control
1) 关#8段或#5相关段抽汽电动门。
1) Close the related extraction motor-driven valves.
2) 关#8或#5相关段抽汽逆止门。
2) Close the related extraction check valves.
3) 开#8或#5相关段抽汽前后疏水门及电动疏水门。
3) Open related drain valves before and after extraction valves and motor-
driven valves.
3.13.8. 低加的运行维护

3.13.8. Operation and maintenance for LP heater

3.13.8.1. 各低加水位计完整清洁，疏水调整门动作灵活，水位正常在就地“0”位。

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3.13.8.1. The water gauge of each LP heater should be complete and clean, the
activation of drainage governing valve should be flexible and the water
level should be at “0” position locally.
3.13.8.2. 运行中应经常对加热器进出口水温、蒸汽进口、疏水出口的参数进行监
督，若发现凝结水出口温度明显降低，而蒸汽进口参数又正常，则可能水
室隔板泄漏，应及时分析处理。
3.13.8.2. During operation, frequently monitor the inlet and outlet water
temperature, steam inlet and drainage outlet parameters of the heater. If
the outlet temperature of condensate drops obviously, but the steam
inlet parameters are abnormal, the reason may be the leakage of the
diaphragm in water chamber, so analyze and treat it in time.
3.13.8.3. 加热器解列中，应密切注意机组真空、负荷、各监视段压力、串轴、推力
瓦温度的变化情况，发现异常情况应及时采取措施处理。
3.13.8.3. During the disconnection of the heater, pay more attention to the
changing condition of the following parameters: unit vacuum, load, the
pressure of each monitoring stage, axial replacement，thrust pad， and
take measures for treatment if there is abnormal condition.
3.13.8.4. 若因调整门失灵或汽水管道破裂，不能维持运行时，应解列低加停止运
行。
3.13.8.4. If the governing valve has failure or the steam water pipe has breakage
and the operation can not be maintained, the LP heater should be
disconnected and the operation should be stopped.
3.13.8.5. 投入各低加水位保护，注意保护动作正常。
3.13.8.5. Put the water level protection of each LP heater into operation, and pay
attention that the protection should be normal.
1) 正常运行时，低加水位应在就地0位，当水位在+200～-250mm以内疏水调
节阀动作，调整水位正常。
1) During normal operation, the water level of LP heater should be at local 0
position, when the water level is within +200 ～ -250mm, the drainage
governing valve activates to adjust the water level till normal condition.
2) 当低加水位高Ⅰ时，疏水调节阀开至最大，同时开启事故疏水阀，关闭上
一级加热器疏水至本级疏水阀。
2) When the water level of LP heater is at high Ⅰ, open the normal drainage
governing valve widely, at the same time, open the emergency drainage
valve and close the drainage valve from the drainage of upper stage to
this stage.
3) 当低加水位达高Ⅱ时，切除低加抽汽，并开启抽汽逆止门前后疏水门及本
级事故疏水阀，解列加热器汽侧。
3) When the water level of LP heater is at high Ⅱ, the LP heater extraction
should be cut. And open the front and back drainage valve of extraction

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 check valve and the emergency drainage valve of this stage. Disconnect
the steam side of the heater.
3.13.8.6. 加热器停运，水侧是否解列，应按设备缺陷具体情况而定。
3.13.8.6. When the heater is to be out of service, it is the practical condition of
equipment defects to decide whether the water side will be disconneted
or not.
3.14. 除氧器的运行

3.14. Deaerator Operation

3.14.1. 设备概述

3.14.1. Overview to deaerator

除氧器为卧式喷雾淋水盘箱式，为混合式加热器，用以提高凝结水温度和对凝
结水进行除氧，防止对管道系统的腐蚀。正常工作汽源为本机四段抽汽。
The deaerator is horizontal water spraying tray tank type, composite heater,
which is used to improve the condensate temperature and deoxidize the
condensate, and avoid the corrosion to the pipe system. The normal working
steam source is the fourth stage extraction of this turbine.
3.14.2. 设备规范

3.14.2. Equipment Specification

表3 14-1 Table 3 14-1
除氧加热器 Deaerator heater
型式 Type 喷雾淋水式 Water spray
型号 Model CY-820
设计容量 Design capacity 820 t/h
氧含量 Oxygen content ≤5 µg/liter
淋水盘 Spray tray 不锈钢 stainless steel
设计压力 Design pressure 1.0MPa.g
设计温度 Design temperature 430/205 ℃
工作压力 Working pressure 0.9284 MPa.g
工作温度 Working temperature 430/180 ℃
安 全 阀 开 启 压 力 Safety valve 0.95 MPa
opening pressure
装满水后 Filled with water 281.376 t
水箱 Water tank
容量 Capacity 136 t

3.14.3. 除氧器启动前的准备

3.14.3. Preparation before deaerator startup

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 1) 检查除氧器符合投运条件，除氧器压力表、温度表、水位计正常，安全门
校验正常。
1) Check that the deaerator accords with the activation conditions, the
pressure gauge, thermometer, water gauge and safety valve of the
deaerator are in normal condition.
2) 除氧器保温完整，现场清洁干净。
2) The deaerator insulation is complete, and the site is clean.
3) 除氧器冲洗应在其大、小修后或机组初次投运前进行。
3) The deaerator flushing should be carried out after the unit overhaul,
maintenance and before the primary activation of the unit.
3.14.4. 除氧器冲洗

3.14.4. Deaerator flushing

3.14.4.1. 除氧器冲洗一般在凝汽器、低压加热器系统冲洗合格后进行。
3.14.4.1. Generally, the deaerator flushing should be carried out after the flushing
of the condenser and LP heater system is qualified.
3.14.4.2. 启动凝结泵，开启#5 低加凝结水出口门，手操开启除氧器水位调整门，由
凝结泵向除氧器上水。
3.14.4.2. Start up the condensate pump, open the outlet valve of the #5 LP heater
condensate, and open the water level adjusting valve of the deaerator
manually to feed water to the deaerator by condensate pump.
3.14.4.3. 缓慢开启除氧器至炉定排排污阀放水冲洗。
3.14.4.3. Slowly open the blowdown valve from deaerator to periodic blowdowm
flash tank to discharge the water for flushing.
3.14.4.4. 冲洗中，注意凝汽器水位，凝结泵运行正常，冲洗至除氧器水品质合格
后，停止冲洗。
3.14.4.4. During flushing, pay attention to the water level of the condenser, the
condensate pump works normally. Continue to flush until the water
quality of the deaerator is qualified.
3.14.4.5. 关闭除氧器放水门。
3.14.4.5. Close the water discharging valve of the deaerator.
3.14.4.6. 继续向除氧器上水，并做除氧器水位报警联锁试验：包括除氧器水位低
Ⅰ、除氧器水位低Ⅱ、除氧器水位高Ⅰ、除氧器水位高Ⅱ。并注意除氧水
箱上的溢流阀、高加至除氧器疏水阀、四段抽汽管道上的气动逆止阀和电
动隔离阀动作正常。
3.14.4.6. Continue to feed water to the deaerator, and carry out the alrm interlock
test of the deaerator water level, and it includes water level low Ⅰof the
deaerator, water level low Ⅱof the deaerator, water level high Ⅰof the
deaerator and water level high Ⅱ of the deaerator. Pay attention to the
working condition of the following valves and they should work normally:

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 overflow valve on the water tank, drainage valve from HP heater to
deaerator, pneumatic check valve on the fourth stage extraction pipe
and electric isolated valve.
3.14.4.7. 试验结束将除氧器放水至正常。
3.14.4.7. After the test, discharge the water in deaerator till normal water level.
3.14.5. 除氧器加热及投入

3.14.5. Heating and activation of deaerator

3.14.5.1. 确证除氧器水位正常。
3.14.5.1. Make sure the water level of the deaerator is normal.
3.14.5.2. 手操开启辅助汽源至除氧器调整门，开启阀前、后疏水门。缓慢提升压力
至 0.05MPa，维持定压运行，使水温升至 110℃，开启除氧器排汽，使
水箱含氧量小于 30μg/L。
3.14.5.2. Open the adjusting valve from auxiliary steam source to the deaerator
manually, and open the drainage valve before and after the valve.
Slowly increase the pressure to 0.05MPa，and maintain the continuous
pressure operation to increase the water temperature to 110 ℃ . Open
the deaerator to discharge steam to make the oxygen content in water
tank less than 30μg/L.
3.14.5.3. 除氧器加热正常后，开启给水泵入口门，给水泵投正暖，根据情况启动电
动给水泵。
3.14.5.3. After the deaerator heating is normal, open the inlet valve of the
feedwater pump, and activate the heater for the feedwater pump. Start-
up the electric feedwater pump.
3.14.5.4. 机组冲转后，当四段抽汽压力达到 0.05MPa 时，本机四段抽汽至除氧器
进汽门联锁自动开启，疏水阀联锁自动关闭，辅汽至除氧器蒸汽压力调节
阀自动关闭，除氧器进入滑压运行方式。
3.14.5.4. After the unit rolling, when the extraction pressure of the fourth stage
increases to 0.05MPa, the steam admission valve interlock from the
fourth stage extraction of the deaerator opens automatically, the
drainage valve interlock closes automatically, the steam pressure
governing valve from the auxiliary steam to the deaerator closes
automatically, and then the deaerator will adopt sliding pressure
operation mode.
3.14.6. 除氧器联锁保护
3.14.6. Deaerator Interlock Protection
3.14.6.1. 除氧器给水箱水位调节
3.14.6.1. The water level adjustment of the deaerator feedwater tank
1) 除氧器水位主、辅调节阀安装在轴封冷却器5#低加出口与1号低加除氧器进
口管道之间，用于调节除氧器水位。旁路可调电动门与凝结水主、辅调节

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 阀并联安装，用于凝结水主、辅调节阀事故期间调节除氧器水位。
1) The governing valve of the deaerator in installed on the pipe between the
outlet of the 5# LP heater and the inlet of the deaerator, and it is used to
adjust the water level of the deaerator. The bypass adjusting electric valve
is installed with the governing valve of the condensate with parallel
connection, and it is used to adjust the water level of the deaerator during
the governing valve emergency.
2) 正常运行时，当机组负荷大于约30％时，由主调节阀调节除氧器水位；当
机组负荷小于约30％时，主调节阀全关，由辅调节阀调节除氧器水位；当
调节阀故障时，则打开旁路可调电动门，进行人工调节。三两阀门可在控
制室内手动操作。
2) During normal operation, the governing valve is used to adjust the water
level of the deaerator. When the governing valve has fault, the bypass
adjusting electric valve can be opened manually to carry out manual
adjustment. The two valves can be operated in the control room manually.
3) 当除氧器水位升高至高二值或汽机甩负荷主汽门关闭时，则以上阀门均自
动关闭。
3) Under the following two conditions, the valves are all closed automatically:
first, the water level of the deaerator increases to highⅡ value，second，
the main stop valve closes during turbine load rejection.
3.14.6.2. 除氧器水位保护
3.14.6.2. Deaerator water level protection
1) 给水箱水位高Ⅰ时：在控制室报警。联锁保护关除氧器水位调节旁路门。
1) When the water level in feedwater tank is high Ⅰ : Alarm in control room.
Use the protective interlock to close the bypass valve of the deaerator
water level adjustment.
2) 给水箱水位高Ⅱ时：报警并开启给水箱上的溢流阀，关闭主凝结水管道上
调节阀及其旁路阀，开启凝结水最小流量的再循环调节阀。
2) When the water level in feedwater tank is highⅡ: alarm and open the
overflow valve on feedwater tank, close the governing valve and bypass
valve on the main condensate pipe, and open the recirculation governing
valve of the condensate minimum flow.
3) 给水箱水位高Ⅲ时，报警并关闭四段抽汽管道上的气动逆止阀和电动隔离
阀，关闭汽封漏汽至除氧器电动门，开启除氧器水箱放水门。
3) When the water level in feedwater tank is highⅢ: alarm, close the
pneumatic check valve and electric isolated valve on the fourth stage
extraction pipe, close the electric valve from steam seal leakage to

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 deaerator and open the water discharging valve of the deaerator water
tank.
4) 给水箱水位低Ⅰ时，报警，联锁打开水位调节电动旁路阀。
4) When the water level in feedwater tank is low Ⅰ,alarm, open the electric
bypass valve of the water level adjustment by the interlock device.
5) 给水箱水位低Ⅱ时，联动跳给水泵。
5) When the water level in feedwater tank is low Ⅱ , the feedwater pump is
deactivated in the linkage manner.
3.14.7. 除氧器正常运行与维护

3.14.7. Normal operation and maintenance of the deaerator

3.14.7.1. 正常运行中控制指标：
3.14.7.1. The control indexes during normal operation:
1) 除氧器压力：0.05~0.70MPa；
1) Deaerator pressure: 0.05~0.70MPa；
2) 除氧器水温：对应压力下饱和温度；
2) Deaerator water temperature: saturation temperature corresponding with
the pressure;
3) 除氧器水位：800 mm(水箱中心线为基准)；
3) Deaerator water level: 800 mm (take the central line in the water tank as
the basis )
4) 除氧器含氧量：≤5μg/L。
4) Oxygen content in deaerator: less than 5μg/L
3.14.7.2. 经常检查除氧器系统应无漏水现象，不应振动，对照除氧器就地水位、压
力与主控室除氧器水位、压力指示应相符。
3.14.7.2. Frequently check that there is no leakage and vibration of the deaerator
system. The local water level and pressure should accord with the water
level and pressure indication of the deaerator in main control room.
3.14.7.3. 应经常检查水位调节装置，各阀门动作灵活。
3.14.7.3. Frequently check that the activation of the water level governing device
and each valve should be flexible.
3.14.7.4. 如出现除氧器断水，应立即关闭中压主汽门门杆漏汽和高压轴封漏汽至除
氧器门，防止除氧器超压。
3.14.7.4. If there is no water in the deaerator, the valve rod leakage of IP main
stop valve and the valve from HP gland seal leakage to deaerator
should be closed, which is to avoid the overpressure of the deaerator.
3.14.7.5. 保证除氧器含氧量合格，及时调整除氧器排氧门开度。

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3.14.7.5. Make sure the oxygen content of the deaerator is qualified, and adjust
the oxygen discharging valve opening of the deaerator in time.
3.14.8. 除氧器系统停止

3.14.8. Deaerator system stop

3.14.8.1. 随机组负荷下降，压力降低，应密切注意除氧器运行情况。
3.14.8.1. As the drop of the unit load and the decrease of the pressure, pay more
attention to the operating condition of the deaerator.
3.14.8.2. 当高加疏水、汽封、门杆漏汽等切除时，注意除氧器压力变化。
3.14.8.2. When HP heater, steam sealing and the rod steam leakage is cut off, pay
attention to the pressure change of the deaerator.
3.14.8.3. 当除氧器压力降至 0.05Mpag 时，备用辅助汽源自动投入运行，四段抽汽
电动门及逆止门应自动关闭，联锁疏水阀自动开启。
3.14.8.3. When the deaerator pressure decreases to 0.05MPag, the backup
auxiliary steam source is activated automatically, the four extraction
steam electric driven valve and the check valve should be closed
automatically, the interlock drainage valve is opened automatically.
3.14.8.4. 当给水泵停止后，手动关闭辅助汽源来汽门的调整门，停止除氧器加热，
关闭辅助汽源至除氧器手动门。
3.14.8.4. When feed water pump stops, close the regulation valve of the auxiliary
steam source inlet manually, stop heating up the deaerator, close the
manaul driven valve from the auxiliary steam source to the deaerator.
3.14.8.5. 将除氧器水位切至手动控制，关闭#5 低加凝结水出口门。
3.14.8.5. Transfer the deaerator level to manual control mode. Close the #5 LP
heater condensate outlet valve.
3.14.8.6. 如除氧器长期处于停用或需要检修时，则将水放至定排。
3.14.8.6. If the deaerator is in long-time outage or needs to be maintained. Put it to
period blow down mode.
3.14.8.7. 如长期停用，根据化学要求进行充氮保护隔离系统，维持充氮压力 在
0.03~0.05MPa，以防除氧器水箱内壁受有害气体的侵蚀。
3.14.8.7. For long time outage, fill nitrogen based on chemical requirement to
isolate the system. Maintain the nitrogen pressure at 0.03~0.05MPa to
prevent the corrosion by the erosive gas to internal wall of deaerator
water tank.
3.14.9. 除氧器的事故处理

3.14.9. Trouble shooting for deaerator

3.14.9.1. 除氧器压力升高
3.14.9.1. Deaerator pressure increase
1) 原因

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 1) Causes
a) 压力调整器失灵或调整门卡在全开位置。
a) The pressure adjustor is in malfunction or the governor valve is stuck at
the fully opened position.
b) 凝结水进水量突然减少或中断。
b) Inlet water flow drops abruptly or is interrupted.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 若汽源为辅汽时，压力调整器自动失灵，应立即切为手动调整，使除氧器
压力保持正常。
a) If the steam source is from the auxiliary steam, the pressure adjustor is in
malfunction, adjust the pressure manually at once to make the deaerator
pressure normal.
b) 正常运行中压力突然升高，应立即检查除氧器进水压力、流量是否正常，
若除氧器水位调节阀自动失灵关闭时，立即手动开启。
b) If the pressure goes up abruptly in the operation, check the deaeartor inlet
water pressure and flow is normal or not immediately. If the deaerator
level adjustor is closed duo to malfunction. Open it manually at once.
3.14.9.2. 除氧器压力降低
3.14.9.2. Deaerator pressure dropping
1) 原因：
1) Causes:
a) 压力调整器失灵或调整门卡在全关位置。
a) The pressure adjustor is in malfunction or the governor valve is stuck at
fully opened position.
b) 四段抽汽供汽管道上进汽门位置失常。
b) The steam inlet valve on stage IV extraction steam supply pipeline is in
malfunction.
2) 处理：
2) Treatment:
a) 除氧器压力下降，应立即检查压力与负荷是否适应，如果负荷不变、进汽
压力下降，应检查各进汽门的状态是否正常。
a) For deaerator pressure dropping, check immediately the pressure is
corresponding to the load or not. If the load is not changed, the inlet steam
pressure decreased, check the steam inlet valves are in normal conditions
or not.
b) 汽源为辅助汽源时，若压力调整器自动失灵，应立即切为手动，调整压力

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 至正常值。
b) When the steam source is from the auxiliary steam, if the pressure
adjustor automatic mode is in malfunction. Switch over it to the manual
mode, and adjust the pressure to normal value.
c) 注意调整除氧器进水流量，防止流量突增。
c) Pay attention to the deaerator inlet water flow. Prevent water flow from
increasing abruptly.
d) 注意除氧器压力下降速度，加强调整，防止给水泵汽化。
d) Pay attention to the deaerator pressure decreasing speed. Intensify the
adjustment. Prevent the cavitation of boiler feed pump.
3.14.9.3. 除氧器水位升高
3.14.9.3. Deaerator level increasing
1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 除氧器水位调节阀自动失灵。
a) The deaerator level governor valve automatic mode is in malfunction.
b) 除氧器水位接点不正常。
b) The deaerator level contact is abnormal.
c) 给水量突减。
c) Feed water flow drops suddenly.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 除氧器水位升高较快，应立即手动调小除氧器进水流量，使之与给水流量
适应，若水位自动调节失灵，应切为手动或旁路调整。
a) If the deaerator level increases very rapidly, reduce the deaerator inlet
water flow manually at once. Make the level increasing corresponding to
the feed water flow. If the automatic level adjustor is in malfunction, switch
over it to the manual mode or bypass mode
b) 除氧器水位升高至高Ⅱ值时，除氧器溢流阀应自动开启，若水位仍不下
降，应立即开启给水箱放水门。
b) If the deaerator level goes up to the value II, the deaerator overflow valve
should open automatically. If the level still doesn’t go down, open the drain
valve of feed water tank immediately.
c) 水位继续升高至高Ⅲ值时，检查四段抽汽至除氧器逆止门应自动关闭，否
则手动关闭，四抽电动门及除氧器进汽门应联关。
c) If the level continues going up to the value III, check check valve from
stage V extraction to the deaerator, it should close automatically.

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 Otherwise, close it manually. The stage IV extraction motor-driven valve
and deaerator steam inlet valve should close through interlock.
d) 水位变化较大时，应到就地对照水位避免出现假水位，如出现假水位，水
位自动应切换为手动进行调整。
d) When the level is changing greatly. Go to check the level indictor on site to
prevent the false level. If there is false level, transfer the level adjustment
from automatic mode to manual mode.
3.14.9.4. 除氧器水位下降
3.14.9.4. Deaerator level dropping
1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 锅炉管道泄漏或系统管道阀门泄漏。
a) The boiler pipelines or the system pipelines or valves have leakage.
b) 凝结水减少中断。
b) The condensate flow is reduced or interrupted.
c) 炉水不合格，排污门开的过大。
c) The boiler water if ineligible. The blow down valve is opened very widely.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 除氧器水位降低较快，应对照水位表计，确证下降应立即检查并调大除氧
器进水流量，使之与给水流量相适应。
a) The deaerator level decreases rapidly, check the level indicator to confirm
the level dropping. Check and increase the deaerator inlet water flow.
Make the level droping comply with the feed water flow.
b) 若水位调节门失灵，应立即切为手动或旁路进行调整。
b) If the level governor valve is in malfunction, transfer the adjustment to
manual mode or bypass mode.
c) 凝结水流量减少时，应立即检查凝结水压力、凝结泵电流及密封水情况，
注意凝汽器水位，必要时投入备用泵运行。(注意凝结水精处理阀门位置是
否正确)。
c) When the condensate flow drops, check the condensate pressure,
condensate pump current and seal water immediately. Pay attention to the
condenser level. If necessary, put the standby pump into service (pay
attention to check the feed water precise treatment valve position is
correct or not).
d) 锅炉泄漏时，应加大补水量，维持除氧器水位，做好停机准备。
d) When the boiler has leakage, increase the feed water flow to maintain the

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 deaerator level. Make the preparation for unit shut-down.
e) 水位降低至低Ⅱ值以下，应联跳给水泵，若不联跳时，汇报值长，紧急停
止给水泵运行。
e) When the level drops to the valve low II, trip the boiler feed pump through
interlock. If not, report it to the shift leader, stop the boiler feed pump
urgently.
3.14.9.5. 除氧器振动
3.14.9.5. Deaerator vibration
1) 原因
1) Causes
a) 除氧头过负荷。
a) Overload on the deaeratr head.
b) 启动初期，加热过快。
b) At the beginning of start-up, the heating is very rapid.
c) 除氧器满水，淹没进汽管。
c) The deaerator is full of water, the steam inlet pipeline is immersed.
2) 处理
2) Treatment
a) 合理调整进水量，使不振动为止。
a) Adjust the inlet water flow until the vibration stops.
b) 启动加热过程，控制温升速度在正常范围。
b) In the process of start-up and heating, control the temperature increasing
speed under the normal scope.
c) 除氧器满水，应立即检查抽汽逆止门自动关闭，否则应手动关闭，并打开
事故放水门设法降低水位。
c) For the deaerator full of water. Check the extraction check valve
immediately, it should be closed automatically. Otherwise, close it
manually. Simultaneously, open the emergency drain valve to try to
decrease the level.
3.15. 电动给水泵运行

3.15. The Operation of Electric Driven Feed Water Pump

3.15.1. 设备概述

3.15.1. Overview of equipment

本机组设置有两台100%容量的电动给水泵，给水泵前没有布置前置泵，单台电
动给水泵能够满足机组启动到机组带满负荷的任何工作段的给水要求。正常情况

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下，两台给水泵一用一备。
This unit is equipped with two 100% capacity motorized feedwater pump,
there is no front pump before feedwater pump. The single pump could meet the
requirements of any working section from unit startup to unit with full load. And
under normal working condition, one pump is in operation and another one is
standby.
3.15.2. 设备规范

3.15.2. Equipment specification

表 3-15-1 Table 3-15-1
电机 Motor
型号 Model YKS800-4
转速 Speed 2991 rpm
功率 Power 5500KW
电压 Voltage 6000V
额定电流 Reated current 595 A
效率 Efficiency 97.2%
给水泵 Boiler feed pump
型号 Model 200TSBII-J
单台机组数量 Number for one unit 2
流量 Flow 726 t/h
扬程 Lift 1710 mH2O
转速 Speed 5000 rpm
中 间 抽 头 压 力 Middle extraction 7 MPa
head pressure
中 抽 头 流 量 Middle extraction head 30 t/h
flow
最小流量 Minimum flow 218 t/h
轴功率 Shaft power 4429 KW
液力偶合器 Hydraulic coupling
型号 Model YOCQ500HA
输入转速 Input speed 1500 rpm
滑差 Sliding difference ≤3
输出转速 Output speed 6000 rpm
输出功率 Output power 6000 KW

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 调速范围 Adjustable range 25-100﹪
效率 Efficiency 95%

3.15.3. 电动给水泵启动前检查

3.15.3. Inspection of electric driven feed water pump before startup

3.15.3.1. 确证电动给水泵检修工作全部结束，现场整洁，管道保温良好。
3.15.3.1. Make sure the maintenance work of the electric driven feed water pump
is finished, the field is sanitary, the heat preservation of the pipeline is in
good condition.
3.15.3.2. 检查所有仪表已正确接好，并检查仪表接线和管子联接牢固可靠。
3.15.3.2. Inspect to make sure all meters are correctly connected, and the meter
connection and the pipes connection are firm and reliable.
3.15.3.3. 电器回路及电机绝缘测试合格。
3.15.3.3. The electric loop and the motor insulation test passes the quality test.
3.15.3.4. 电动给水泵所有联锁保护试验已做且全部合格。
3.15.3.4. All interlock protection tests of electric driven feed water pump are done
and they pass the quality test.
3.15.3.5. 启动润滑辅助油泵，检查运行情况良好，油系统无漏油现象，各轴承回油
畅通，润滑油滤网后母管压力在 0.16MPa 以上，油箱油位正常，润滑油
滤网投入，液力偶合器正常。润滑油温低于 15℃时，投入冷油器冷却
器，关闭冷却水进水门，提高油温。
3.15.3.5. Start lubrication auxiliary pump, inspect to make sure the operation
condition is in good condition, the oil system has no oil leakage, the oil
returning of each bearing is smooth, the main pipe pressure behind the
lubrication filtering net is above 0.16MPa, the oil level of the oil tank is
normal, the lubrication filtering net is activated and the hydraulic coupler.
When lubrication temperature is below 15 ℃ , activate the oil cooler,
close the inlet water valve of the cooling water, increasing the oil
temperature.
3.15.3.6. 确证除氧器水位正常，水质合格，除氧器水箱水温已加热到锅炉上水所需
温度。
3.15.3.6. After the water level of the deaerator is confirmed normal, the water
quality passes the quality test, the water temperature of the deaerator
water tank has been heated up to the required value for the boiler water
filling.
3.15.3.7. 确认凝结泵已启动且运行正常，投入电泵密封水系统。
3.15.3.7. After the condensate pump has been confirmed started and the
operation is normal, activate electric driven pump sealing water system.
3.15.3.8. 开启闭式水至给水泵轴承冷却水门，投入轴承冷却水。
3.15.3.8. Open the cooling water from the closed water to the feedwater pump,
activate the bearing cooling water.

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3.15.3.9. 稍开给水泵入口门，向电动给水泵充水，开启放空气门，待有水冒出后，
关闭放空气门。
3.15.3.9. Open slightly the inlet valve of the feedwater pump, fill in water for the
electric driven feed water pump, open air discharging valve, after some
water leaks out, close the air discharging valve.
3.15.3.10. 全开给水泵入口门，注意监视密封水差压应正常 0.1MPa 左右。
3.15.3.10. Open the inlet valve of the feedwater pump completely, pay attention to
monitor the sealing water differential pressure should be about 0.1MPa.
3.15.3.11. 开启电动给水泵最小流量再循环调整阀。
3.15.3.11. Open the minimum flow recirculating regulation valve of the electric
driven feed water pump.
3.15.3.12. 检查电泵转速控制装置在“手动”且转速调节器置最小位置。
3.15.3.12. Inspect to make sure the electric driven pump rotating speed control
device is “automatic” and the rotating speed adjuster is laid in the
smallest position.
3.15.4. 电动给水泵的启动

3.15.4. Startup of electric driven feed water pump

3.15.4.1. 电动给水泵启动允许条件
3.15.4.1. The startup allowable condition of electric driven pump
1) 除氧水箱水位正常(≥450mm)。
1) The water level of deaerating water tank is normal(≥450mm).
2) 给水泵入口手动门全开。
2) The inlet vavle of the motorized feedwater pump is opened completely.
3) 电动给水泵入口水压正常(冷态0.17MPa，热态0.1Mpa)。
3) The water pressure of the motorized feedwater pump inlet is normal (cold
state0.17MPa, hot state0.1MPa).
4) 给水泵无倒转。
4) The feed water pump has no reversed rotating.
5) 给水泵出口电动门关闭。
5) The outlet electric driven valve of the feed water pump is closed.
6) 最小流量再循环调节阀及其前后手动隔离阀全开。
6) The minimum flow recirculating regulation valve and the front and rear
manual isolation valve is opened completely.
7) 电源及主电机开关设备正常。
7) The switch device of power supply and the main motor is normal.
8) 电机冷却水及工作油、润滑油冷却水压力正常。
8) The cooing water pressure of motor, working oil and lubrication is normal.

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 9) 泵内空气排净。
9) The air in the pump is discharged completely.
10) 凝补水至给水系统的锅炉启动上水管路上阀门关闭。
10) The valve on the water filling pipeline from the condensate make-up water
to the feed water system of the boiler is closed.
11) 电动给水泵远方控制
11) Remote control of motorized feedwater pump.
12) 电动给水泵无电气故障
12) No electrical failure is in motorized feedwater pump.
13) 辅助油泵在运行且油压正常(≥0.12MPa)
13) Auxiliary oil pump is in operation and the oil pressure is normal
(≥0.12MPa).
14) 勺管位置最小(<3%)
14) Scoop tube position is in minimum (<3%).
15) 电泵电动机定子绕组温度<90℃
15) Motorized pump motor stator winding temperature<90℃
16) 电泵电动机轴承温度<80℃
16) Motorized pump motor bearing temperature<80℃
17) 电动给水泵液力耦合器轴承1/2/3/4/5/6温度<80℃
17) Motorized feedwater pump hydraulic coupler bearing 1/2/3/4/5/6
temperature<80℃
18) 电动给水泵推力轴承温度<80℃
18) Motorized feedwater pump thrust bearing temperature<80℃
19) 电动给水泵工作油冷油器进油/出油温度<105℃/70℃
19) Motorized feedwater pump working oil cooler oil intaking and outaking
temperature<105℃/70℃
20) 电动给水泵润滑油冷油器进油/出油温度<75℃/65℃
20) Motorized feedwater pump lube oil cooler oil intaking and outaking
temperature<75℃/65℃
21) 无跳闸条件
21) No trip conditions
以上条件如全部满足，给水泵可进入启动或备用程序，否则，应退出启动或备
用状态，并给值班人员显示不满足的信号。
If all above conditions are satisfied, the feed water pump can enter the startup
or backup program, otherwise, exit the startup or backup state, and display the
unsatisfied signal for the on-duty operator.

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3.15.4.2. 电泵启动程序。
3.15.4.2. Motor-driven pump startup process.
1) 设定偶合器的调速勺管至最低转速位置
1) Set the speed governing scoop of the coupler to the lowest rotating speed
position
2) 启动辅助润滑油泵，确定润滑油压正常
2) Start up auxiliary lube oil pump and make sure that the lube oil pressure is
normal
3) 启动电动给水泵，检查电动给水泵出口压力正常
3) Start up motorized feedwater pump and check if the pump outlet pressure
is normal or not
4) 开启主泵出口电动门，逐步调节液力偶合器勺管的位置，提高给水泵转
速。当给水泵达到正常运转速度时，调速器转入自动控制状态，检查给水
泵进、出口压力是否正常，如正常，则完成了启动顺序。
4) Start up main pump outlet motor-driven pump and gradually adjust the
position of the hydraulic coupler scoop to increase the feedwater pump
rotating speed. When the feedwater pump reaches the normal rotating
speed, the governor will convert to automatic control state, check if the
feedwater inlet and outlet pressure are normal, if so, it means that the
startup process is completed.
5) 开启电动给水泵中间抽头电动门。
5) Start up motor-driven feedwater pump middle tap motor-driven valve.
6) 投入润滑油、工作油冷油器运行，控制油温正常。
6) Put oil coolers of lube oil and operational oil into operation and control the
oil temperature within the normal scope.
7) 根据电动机出口风温，投入电动机空冷器运行。
7) Put the motor-driven air cooler into operation according to the motor outlet
air temperature.
3.15.5. 电动给水泵的停止

3.15.5. Motor-driven feedwater shutdown

3.15.5.1. 随着电动给水泵转速的降低，当出口给水流量小于 138 t/h 时，注意检查

电动给水泵最小流量再循环阀，应自动逐渐开启，直至全开。
3.15.5.1. With the decrease of the motor-driven feedwater pump rotating speed,
when the outlet feedwater flow is less than 138 t/h, check that the
minimum flow recirculating valve of the motor-driven feedwater pump
should be opened gradually until it is completely open.

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3.15.5.2. 勺管到零，关闭电动给水泵中间抽头电动门，调出电动泵功能子组停运程
控步序，可单步或程控操作。停止步序：
3.15.5.2. When the scoop is in zero position, close the middle tap motor-driven
valve of motor-driven feedwater pump ， file out motor-driven pump
function sub-group shutdown program control procedure, and then carry
out the single step or remote control operation. The shutdown procedure
is as follow:
1) 启动电动给水泵辅助油泵。
1) Start up the auxiliary oil pump of motor-driven feedwater pump.
2) 停电动给水泵电机。
2) Shut down motor-driven feedwater pump motor.
3) 关给水泵出口门。
3) Shut down feedwater outlet valve.
4) 关再循环阀。
4) Shut down recirculating valve.
5) 停用电动机空气冷却器，关闭进水门。
5) Shut down the motor air cooler and close the water inlet valve.
3.15.5.3. 润滑油冷却器出口油温低于 35℃，检查冷却器基调阀应全关，冷却器停运
备用。
3.15.5.3. When the lube oil cooler outlet oil temperature is less than 35℃, check if
the cooler basic governing valves are completely closed or not and the
cooler should be shutdown for standby.
3.15.5.4. 工作油冷却器出口温度低于 35℃，检查工作油冷却器基调阀应全关，冷却
器停运备用。
3.15.5.4. When the operating oil cooler outlet temperature is less than 35℃, check
if the operating oil cooler basic governing valves are completely closed
or not and the cooler should be shutdown for standby.
3.15.5.5. 如水泵停运后做备用，在操作员站上按下投备用按钮。
3.15.5.5. If the feedwater pump is shutdown for standby, the operator should press
the standby button.
1) 电动辅助油泵自启动，确认油压＞0.16MPa。
1) The motor-driven auxiliary pump is started up automatically and make
sure the oil pressure is more than 0.16MPa.
2) 出口门联开，并确证再循环阀已开。
2) Interlocking open the outlet valve and make sure the recirculating valve is
opened.
3) 检查一切正常后，缓慢开启中间抽头门，注意水泵不应倒转，密封水差压
正常，确认给水泵筒体上、下温差＜20℃。
3) Check everything is fine, and then slowly open the intermediate tap valve.

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 Pay attention that the water pump should not be reversed, and the sealing
water pressure should be normal. Make sure the upper and lower
temperature difference of the feedwater pump sleeve is less than 20℃.
3.15.6. 电动给水泵的联锁及保护

3.15.6. Interlock and protection of feedwater pump

3.15.6.1. 电动给水泵自动跳闸条件
3.15.6.1. Automatic trip conditions for motor-driven pump and booster pump
1) 除氧水箱水位低三值(<-900mm)
1) Water level of deaerator water tank is at low III value(<-900mm)
2) 电动给水泵润滑油压低(<0.08MPa)
2) Motor-driven feedwater pump lube oil pressure is low(<0.08MPa)
3) 电动给水泵最小流量小于138 t/h时，再循环调节阀开度<80%应强开而延时
20秒内未开跳泵。
3) Motor-driven feedwater pump minimum flow<138 t/h, recirculating valve
should be forced to open<80%, but the pump will be tripped with delaying
20s.
4) 工作油冷油器进油温/出油温度高(135/80℃)
4) Oil inlet/outlt temperature of the operating oil cooler is high(135/80℃)
5) 给水泵、耦合器各轴承温度高至95℃.
5) The temperature of all bearings of feedwater pump and coupler reaches to
95℃.
6) 电泵运行时，电泵进口压力低低(<0.1MPa)延时30s
6) When the motorized pump is operating, inlet pressure of pump is low
(<0.1MPa) delay for 30s.
7) 电泵电机绕组温度＞130℃
7) Motorized pump motor winding temperature＞130℃
3.15.6.2. 泵组报警条件
3.15.6.2. Pump group alarm conditions
1) 给水泵径向轴承温度高 75℃
1) Boiler feed water radial bearing temperature is high 75℃
2) 给水泵推力轴承温度高 80℃
2) Boiler feed pump thrust bearing temperature is high 80℃
3) 偶合器推力轴承温度高 75℃
3) Coupling thrust bearing temperature is high 75℃
4) 偶合器径向轴承温度高 80℃

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 4) Coupling radial bearing temperature is high 80℃
5) 电机轴承温度高 80℃
5) Motor bearing temperature is high 80℃
6) 电机绕组温度高 110℃
6) Motor winding temperature is high 110℃
7) 工作油冷油器进口温度高 105℃
7) Running oil cooler inlet temperature is high 105℃
工作油冷油器出口温度高 70℃
Running oil cooler outlet temperature is high 70℃
8) 润滑油冷油器出口温度高 65℃
8) Lube oil cooler outlet temperature is high 65℃
润滑油冷油器进口油温 75℃
Lube oil cooler inlet temperature is high 75℃
9) 润滑油压力低0.1 MPa
9) Lube oil pressure is low 0.1 MPa
表压＜0.1MPa报警，同时启动辅助油泵
Gauge pressure is ＜0.1MPa,alarm. Simultaneously, the auxiliary oil pump will
start up.
表压＞0.22MPa，停辅助油泵
Gauge pressure is ＞0.22MPa,the auxiliary oil pump will stop.
10) 润滑油过滤器差压高0.06MPa
10) Lube oil filter differential pressure is0.06MPa
11) 给水泵进口滤网差压高0.03MPa
11) Boiler feed pump inlet filter differential pressure is high0.03MPa
12) 电机内空气温度高至50℃
12) Air temperature inside the motor reaches to 50℃
13) 再循环门10s 未开。
13) The recirculation valve is not opened within 10s.
3.15.6.3. 电动给水泵自动启动条件
3.15.6.3. Startup conditions for motor-driven feedwater pump
1) 电动给水泵投入备用，另一台跳闸。
1) The motorized feedwater pump put into standby, and the other one will trip.
3.15.6.4. 电动给水泵辅助油泵自动启停条件
3.15.6.4. Conditions for automatic start-up or shut-down of motor-driven feed
water pump or auxiliary oil pump

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 当电动给水泵润滑油压小于设定值时或电泵停运，应自动启动辅助油泵；当润
滑油压大于设定值时，应自动停运辅助油泵。
When the motor-driven boiler feed pump lube oil pressure is less than the
design value or the motorized pump is stopped. Start up the auxiliary oil pump
automatically. When the lube oil pressure is higher than the design value, the
auxiliary oil pump should stop automatically.
3.15.7. 电动给水泵的正常运行维护

3.15.7. Normal operation and maintenance of the motor-driven feedwater pump

1) 正常运行中应经常检查水泵及耦合器振动不超过0.02mm，电动机及泵各轴
承振动不超过0.03mm。
1) During normal operation, check that the water pump and the coupling
vibration should be no more than 0.02mm and the vibration of the motor
and the pump bearings should be no more than 0.03mm.
2) 检查所有的管道接头和阀门的填料盖应无泄漏。
2) Check if all the pipe joints and the valve stuffing covers have no leakage.
3) 电泵密封水流畅，差压正常为0.035MPa。
3) The motor-driven pump sealing water flows smoothly and normally the
pressure difference should be 0.035MPa.
4) 检查主给水泵入口滤网前后差压应小于0.03MPa。
4) Check if the front and rear pressure difference of main feedwater pump
inlet filter is less than 0.03MPa.
5) 检查润滑油滤网前后差压应小于0.06MPa。
5) Check if the front and rear pressure difference of lube oil filter is less than
0.06MPa.
6) 检查各轴承温度及冷油器进出口油温不超过3.15.6.2所述。
6) Check if the oil temperature of each bearing and the inlet and outlet of the
oil cooler do not exceed the description in 3.15.6.2.
3.15.8. 电泵的事故处理

3.15.8. Trouble shooting of motor-driven pump

3.15.8.1. 遇有下列情况之一，应立即按事故按钮，或在软操盘上紧急停泵
3.15.8.1. If any of the following conditions happens, press the emergency button
immediately or shutdown the pump on the soft operation panel
1) 泵组突然发生强烈振动或泵组内部有清楚的金属摩擦声。
1) Pump group suddenly has serious vibration or there is clear metal friction
sound in the pump group.
2) 任意一轴承断油、冒烟，或轴承温度达到Ⅱ值报警或轴承回油温度超过75

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 ℃时。
2) Any bearing has oil cut-off, smoke or the bearing temperature reaches II
value alarm or the bearing return oil temperature exceeds 75℃.
3) 润滑油压降至0.1MPa，启动辅助油泵后，油压继续下降至0.08MPa时。
3) When the lube oil pressure drops to 0.1MPa, and the auxiliary oil pump is
started up, the oil continues to drop until 0.08MPa.
4) 工作油冷却器入口温度高于135℃或偶合器内冒烟、着火时。
4) The operating oil cooler inlet temperature is more than 135 ℃ , or the
coupler is on fire with smoke.
5) 泵体大量泄漏或高、低压给水管道破裂无法隔离，威胁到人身及设备安全
时。
5) There is a lot of leakage in the pump proper or the HP and LP feedwater
pipe is broken and can not be isolated which would threaten the personal
and equipment safety.
3.15.8.2. 下列情况，应启动备用泵，停止电动泵
3.15.8.2. For the following conditions, start up standby pump and shut down
motor-driven pump
1) 给水泵汽化。
1) Boiler feed pump cavitation
2) 任何一个轴承回油温度超过70℃时。
2) The temperature of returning oil from any one bearing exceeds 70℃.
3) 电机电流达到额定值，减负荷无效时。
3) The motor current reaches the rated vaue. The load decreasing is
ineffective.
3.15.8.3. 紧急故障停泵的操作步骤及注意事项
3.15.8.3. Pump shud-down procedure under the emergency condition and
precautions
1) 就地按事故按钮或在软操盘上置“手动”位置，手动停止电动给水泵。
1) Pressu the buttom on site or put it to the “MANUAL” position on the soft
operation panel. Stop the motor-driven pump manually.
2) 将偶合器勺管放至“零”位，关闭电泵出口门，注意水泵不应倒转。
2) Put the coupling scoop tube to “zero” position. Close the motor-driven
pump outlet valve. Pay attention to that the pump doesn’t run reversely.
3) 油压降至0.1MPa，确证辅助油泵已自启动，否则立即手动启动。
3) The oil pressure drops to 0.1MPa. Confirm the auxiliary oil pump has
started up. Otherwise, start it manually at once.
4) 其它操作同正常停泵。

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 4) Other operation is the same as the normal shut-down procedure of the
pump.
3.15.8.4. 给水泵汽蚀
3.15.8.4. Boier feed pump cavitation
1) 现象
1) Phenomenon
a) 电动给水泵电流下降且摆动。
a) The motor-driven boiler feed pump currect is reduced and instable.
b) 水泵出口压力下降且摆动。
b) The pump outlet pressure is dropping and instable.
c) 给水流量下降且摆动。
c) The feed water flow is dropping and instable.
d) 水泵内有噪音及水击声，泵组振动大。
d) There is noise and water hammer sound in the pump. The pumps vibrate
severely.
2) 原因
2) Causes
a) 除氧器压力突降或水位太低。
a) The deaerator pressure decreases suddenly or the level is too low.
b) 主泵入口滤网堵塞。
b) The inlet filer of boiler feed pump is blocked.
c) 给水流量小于125t/h，再循环调节阀未开且跳闸保护未动作，水泵长时间在
小流量下运行。
c) The feed water flow is less than 125t/h. The recirculating governor valve is
not opened; the protection device is not activated. The pump is running
under the low flow for long time.
3) 处理
3) Treatment
a) 锅炉点火升压阶段，电泵汽化时，应紧急停泵，待汽化消除后，再重新启
动。
a) In the process of boiler ignition and pressure increasing, if the cavitation
happens to the motor-driven boiler feed pump. Shut down the pump
urgently. Re-start it after the cavitation is resolved.
b) 带负荷过程中电泵汽化时，应首先将电泵负荷转移到汽另一台泵后再停止
电泵运行若汽另一台泵还未启动，应立即停止电泵及主机运行。
b) When cavitation happens to the running motor-driven pump under the
load, transfer the load from the motor-driven pump to another pump, then;

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 stop the motor-driven pump. Another one fails to be started up. Stop the
motor-driven pump and the turbine immediately.
3.15.8.5. 油系统工作失常
3.15.8.5. Oil system abnormal operation
1) 油箱油位降低
1) Oil level of oil tank drops
a) 突然下降10~20mm，应查明下降原因。
a) Oil level suddenly drops to 10~20mm, find out the causes.
b) 油位下降应设法进行补油，降至偶合器最低油位，采取措施无效，应紧急
停泵。
b) Try to make up the oil when oil level drops, and when the oil level drops to
the lowest level of the couple, and if there is no improvement after taking
actions, shut down the pump immediately.
2) 油位和油压同时下降
2) Oil level and oil pressure drop simultaneously
油位和油压同时下降，一般为压力油管漏油所致，检查润滑油冷却器、工作油
冷却器铜管是否泄漏，发现铜管泄漏，应切换油冷却器，解列堵漏。
When the oil level and oil pressure drop simultaneously, usually it is because
of the oil leakage of the pressure oil. Check if the copper pipes of the lube oil
cooler and operation oil cooler have any leakage, if there is leakage in the copper
pipe, switch and disconnect the oil cooler to block up the leakage.
3) 油压降低
3) Oil Pressure Drop
正常油压为0.17MPa以上，低至0.1 MPa时，应联锁启辅助油泵，否则立即单
操启动，并查找油压降低原因。若辅助油泵启动后，油压仍维持不住下降至
0.08MPa时，应保护跳闸，否则应紧急停泵。
The normal oil pressure should be more than 0.17MPa, and when it is less
than 0.1 MPa, interlocking start up the auxiliary oil pump, or start the single
operation and find out the caused for oil pressure drop. If the auxiliary oil pump is
started, but the oil pressure can not be maintain and kept dropping to 0.08MPa,
trip for protection, or shutdown for emergency.
3.16. 高压加热器的运行

3.16. HP heater Operation

3.16.1. 设备概述

3.16.1. Overview to HP heater

本机组设置有3台高压加热器，其中3#高加设置有单独的外置式蒸汽冷却器，

234
 2#高压加热器设置有单独的外置式疏水冷却器。加热器采用大旁路设计结构，3台
加热器及两台冷却器水侧不能单独投运，水侧只能随各高压加热器一块儿投运。
3 HP heaters are set in this unit, and a single external steam cooler is
installed at the #3 LP heater, and there is a single external drain cooler installed at
the #2 HP heater. The heater uses the design of big bypass structure, and 3
heaters and 2 coolers water side shall not be singly operated, the water side can
only be operated with all HP heaters.
3.16.2. 设备规范

3.16.2. Equipment specification

表 3-16-1 Table 3-16-1

疏水冷却
单 1#高加 2#高加 3#高加 蒸汽冷却器
名称 器
位 HP heater HP heater HP heater Steam
Name Drain
Unit #1 #2 #3 cooler
clloer
型号 JG-550-I JG-550-II JG-550-III SL-80 ZL-50
Model
总传热面积 m2 550 550 550 80 50
Total heat
transferring area
管侧 22 22 22 22 22

设计压力 Tube
side MP
Design
壳侧 a 4.65 3.1 1.6 3.1 1.6
pressure
Shell
side
工作压力 管侧 18 18 18 18 18
Working Tube
pressure side MP
壳侧 a 4.1009 2.6578 1.3962 2.6579 1.3962
Shell
side
管侧 270 240 220 220 270
设计温度 Tube
Design side
℃
temperatur 壳侧 405/270 350/240 320 250 470
e Shell
side

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工作温度 管侧 227/252 195/227 180.24/19 195/200 215.79/254
(进/出) Tube 5
Working side ℃
temperatur 壳侧 381/252 325/227 267.15/19 227/205 460.37
e Shell 5
(inlet/outlet) side

3.16.3. 高压加热器投入前的准备

3.16.3. Preparation before HP heater activation

3.16.3.1. 检查阀门开关位置正确。
3.16.3.1. Check if the valve positions are correct or not.
3.16.3.2. 所有仪表齐全、完好、各压力表、水位表一次门开启、所有表计均投入。
3.16.3.2. All the instrument should be complete and in good state, the primary
valves of each pressure gauge, water level gauge and all the meters are
put into operation.
3.16.3.3. 高压加热器所有联锁保护试验，包括水位保护试验已做且合格、 1~3 段抽
汽逆止门灵活、无卡涩。
3.16.3.3. All the interlock protection tests of the HP heater, including water level
protection test is done and the result is qualified and the 1~3 section
extraction check valves are flexible without any unsmooth blockage.
3.16.4. 高压加热器启动

3.16.4. HP heater startup

3.16.4.1. 高压加热器随机启动
3.16.4.1. HP heater startup along with unit startup
1) 开启高压加热器水侧放空气门，用注水阀向高压加热器水侧注水，当放气
口冒水后，关闭放气阀，高压加热器注水应缓慢进行，注意控制温升速度
和升压速度，避免造成大的热冲击和机械冲击，注意检查水位，检查高压
加热器无泄漏。
1) Start up the HP heater water side vent valve and feed water to the HP
heater fro the water filling valve, and when there is steam escaping from
the vent hole, close the vent valve. Slowly fill water to the HP heater and
pay attention to the temperature rising speed and the pressure rising
speed control to avoid the serious thermal impact and the mechanical
impact, and pay attention to the water level inspection and the HP heater
leakage.
2) 注水正常后，开启高压加热器出入口水门，并开启汽侧放水门，放尽各高
压加热器汽侧存水后关闭。开启高压加热器逐级疏水及事故疏水前、后隔

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 绝门(3#高加至除氧器疏水阀前手动门则应关闭)。
2) After the water filling is normal, start up the HP heater water inlet and
outlet valve and open the #1, 2 and 3HP heater steam side water
discharging valve to discharge the deposited steam side water in each HP
heater. Open the HP heater progressive drain water and the emergency
drain water front and rear isolating valves. (The manual valve from #3 LP
heater to those before the deaerator drain valve shall be closed.)
3.16.4.2. 高压加热器启动程控步序
3.16.4.2. Startup process of the HP heater
1) #1,2,3高压加热器事故疏水阀恢复自动
1) #1,2,3 HP heater emergency drain valve restore to automatic state
2) #1,2,3高压加热器逐级疏水阀恢复
2) #1,2,3 HP heater progressive drain water valve restore to automatic state
3) 开1～3段抽汽逆止门前后气控疏水门和电动疏水门。
3) Open the front and rear pneumatic control drain valves and motor-driven
valves of #1～3 section extraction check valve.
4) 开高压加热器给水出口阀。
4) Open HP heater feedwater outlet valve.
5) 开给水入口阀。
5) Open feedwater inlet valve.
6) 开3~1段抽汽逆止门。
6) Open the #3~1 section extraction check valves.
7) 顺序开3,2,1段抽汽电动门。
7) Open the #3,2,1 section extraction steam motor-driven valves in order.
8) 5分钟后，关1~3段抽汽逆止门前后疏水门和电动疏水门。
8) After 5 minutes, close the front and rear drain valves and motor-driven
drain valves of #1~3 section extraction steam check valves.
3.16.5. 高加投运中注意事项

3.16.5. Notice during the HP heater put into operation

1) 随负荷增加，注意各加热器水位，启动初期水位升高时，开启事故疏水维
持水位正常，#1高压加热器出口给水温升速度不应超过3℃/min。
1) Along with the increasing load, pay attention to the water level of each
heater. During the initial stage of the water level increase, open the
emergency drain valves to maintain the normal water level, and the #1HP
heater outlet feedwater temperature rising rate should be no more than 3
℃/min.

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 2) 当负荷＞35%时，打开#3高压加热器疏水至除氧器疏水门自动打开，联锁
关闭#3高压加热器疏水至#5低压加热器逐级疏水门。
2) When the load is more than 35%, open the #3 HP heater drain valves to
deaerator drain valves, interlocking close the #3 HP heater drain water to
#5 LP heater progressive drain valves.
3) 高压加热器汽侧压力和温度达到额定工况并转为正常运行后，整个高压加
热器系统投入联锁。
3) When the HP heater steam side pressure and the temperature reach the
rated working condition and the HP heater would be in normal operation,
and the whole HP heater system is successfully put into operation.
3.16.6. 高压加热器疏水调节联锁及保护

3.16.6. HP heater drain water adjustment interlock and protection

3.16.6.1. #3 高加至#5 低加逐级疏水电动门

3.16.6.1. Progressive drain water motor-driven valve of #6 HP heater to #4 LP
heater.
1) 可手动开/关本阀门。
1) Manually open/close this valve.
2) 负荷＜35%联开，反之联关。
2) When load is less than 35%, interlock close; and when load is more than
35%, interlock open.
3) #5低加水位高时，联关。
3) When #5 LP heater water level is high, interlock close.
3.16.6.2. 高加事故疏水阀
3.16.6.2. HP heater emergency drain valve
1) 可手动开/关本阀门。
1) Manually open/close this valve.
2) 可程控开/关本阀门。
2) Remote control the open/close of this valve.
3) 本级高加水位不高，联锁释放本级事故疏水阀门。
3) When water level of this stage HP heater is not high, interlock release the
emergency drain valve of this stage.
4) 本级高加水位高或高加解列，联锁开本级事故疏水阀门。
4) When this stage HP heater water level is high or the HP heater is isolated,
interlock open the emergency drain valves of this stage.
3.16.6.3. 高加保护
3.16.6.3. HP heater protections

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 1) 当高加水位高Ⅰ值时，开本级高加事故疏水门。
1) When the HP heater water level is high I value, open the HP heater
emergency drain valve of this stage.
2) 当任一高加水位高Ⅱ值时，保护动作解列高加汽水侧。
2) When any HP heater water level is high II value, the protection will work to
isolate the steam water side of the HP heater.
3.16.7. 高压加热器运行维护

3.16.7. HP heater operation and maintenance

3.16.7.1. 检查高加水位的变化，保持正常水位，最大变化不超过-250～+200mm，
防止低水位或高水位运行。
3.16.7.1. Inspect the water level change of the HP heater and maintain the normal
water level and the maximum change should be within -250～+200mm
to prevent the low or high water level operation.
3.16.7.2. 定期核对远传水位计与就地水位计差值。
3.16.7.2. Periodically inspect the remote transmitting water level gauge and the
local water level differential value.
3.16.7.3. 运行中，应随时观察高加给水的进出口温度和加热器端差是否正常，如有
偏差，则应检查抽汽和水位是否正常。
3.16.7.3. During operation, check if the HP heater feedwater inlet and outlet
temperature and the end difference of the heater are normal, if there is
any deviation, check if the steam extraction and water level are normal
or not.
3.16.7.4. 检查疏水调节阀的开度及动作情况，及时发现高加是否泄漏。
3.16.7.4. Check the drain water governing valve opening degree and its operation,
and check if the HP heater has any leakage in time.
3.16.7.5. 当水位上升较快，并发出“高水位”报警时，应立即查明原因，如事故疏水
已开启，水位仍继续上升，并产生振动冲击现象，则可能是高加管束破
裂，应立即解列高加停止运行。
3.16.7.5. When the water level increases very quickly, and the High Water Level
signal is sent out, find out the causes immediately. If the emergency
drain valve is opened, and the water level keeps increasing and there is
the vibration impact, it may be the HP heater tube bank is broken,
isolate the HP heater and stop its operation immediately.
3.16.8. 高压加热器停止

3.16.8. HP heater shutdown

3.16.8.1. 高加随机停止
3.16.8.1. Hp heater shutdown along with unit shutdown
1) 检查各高加汽压、温度随主机负荷下降而降低。

239
 1) Check if each HP heater steam pressure and temperature decreases with
the decrease of the turbine load.
2) 当主机负荷＜35%时，#3高加疏水不能自流至除氧器时，检查疏水至#5低
加疏水调节阀自动开启。
2) When turbine load is less than 35%, #3 HP drain water can not flow to the
deaerator by itself, check if the drain to #5 LP drain water governing valve
is opened automatically.
3) 主机负荷降至“零”时，应关闭各加热器进汽门、逆止门。
3) When turbine load decreases to ZERO, close the steam inlet valve and
check valve of each heater.
4) 根据需要解列高加水侧，高加水侧走旁路运行开启高加水侧旁路门，关闭
进出口门。
4) Isolate the HP heater water side, the HP heater water side operates at the
bypass.
3.16.8.2. 高加运行中的停止
3.16.8.2. HP heater shutdown during operation (single)
1) 做好高加停止前的准备工作，注意机组运行工况变化。
1) Make preparations before shutdown and pay attention to the changes of
unit operation condition.
2) 逐渐关闭抽汽电动门，以小于1.5℃/min的温降率控制降压速度，直至进汽
门全关，关闭抽汽逆止门。
2) Close the steam extraction motor-driven valve gradually and control the
pressure drop speed by less than 1.5 ℃ /min temperature drop rate until
the steam inlet valve is completely closed, and then close the steam
extraction check valve.
3) 关闭高加汽侧连续排气门。
3) Close the HP heater steam side continuous vent valve.
4) 开启抽汽管道疏水门。
4) Open the drain valves on the steam extraction pipe.
5) 汽侧压力到“0”后，停止水侧，切换高加进出口、旁路门，给水走旁路。
5) When the steam side pressure drops to 0, shutdown the water side and
switch the HP heater inlet and outlet valve and bypass valve, and then the
feedwater would flow along the bypass.
6) 关闭疏水阀前、后隔绝门。
6) close the front and rear isolate valve of the drain water valve.
7) 开启汽、水侧放水门。
7) Open the steam and water side water discharge valve.

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3.16.8.3. 高加程控停步序(单台)
3.16.8.3. HP heater program control shutdown procedures (one unit)
1) 关抽汽电动门。
1) Close extraction motor-driven valve.
2) 关抽汽逆止门。
2) Close extraction check valve.
3) 开抽汽逆止门前、后气动疏水门和电动疏水门。
3) Open the front and rear pneumatic drain valve and the motor-driven drain
valve of the extraction check valve.
4) 关高加给水进口门，给水走旁路。
4) Close HP heater feedwater inlet valve and the feedwater flows along the
bypass.
5) 关高加给水出口门。
5) Close the HP heater feedwater outlet valve.
3.16.9. 高加停止后的保养

3.16.9. Preservation for HP heaters in outage

3.16.9.1. 若短期停运(1 个月内)，加热器水侧充满水不放水，开启加热器汽侧放水

门，放尽存汽水后关闭，隔绝进入加热器的空气。
3.16.9.1. For short time outage (less than 1 month), the water sides of heaters will
be filled with water. Open the drain valves on steam sides of heaters to
drain the steam and water completely. Then close the drain valves.
Isolate the heaters from the atmosphere.
3.16.9.2. 停运时间超过 1 个月时，应将管道内存水放尽，并用压缩空气将内部吹
干，密封各管口，抽去内部空气形成真空后，通过氮气供应系统向设备进
行充氮保护，充氮压力为 0.1~0.15MPa，充氮气压力低于 0.03MPa，应
补充氮气，使氮气压力保持在 0.05~0.10MPa 之间。
3.16.9.2. For the outage longer than 1 month, drain the water in the pipeline
completely, and dry the pipeline with compressed air. Seal each pipeline
ends. Extract the air inside the pipeline to form the vacuum. Fill the
equipment with nitrogen through nitrogen supply system. The pressure
of nitrogen filled is 0.1~0.15MPa. When the pressure is less than
0.03MPa, add nitrogen to keep the pressure is within the range of
0.05~0.10MPa.
3.16.10. 高压加热器的故障处理

3.16.10. Trouble shooting of HP heaters

3.16.10.1. 现象
3.16.10.1. Phenomenon
1) 高加水位“高Ⅰ值”、“高Ⅱ值”报警。

241
 1) The alarm is sent out when the HP heater level reach the value high I and
high II.
2) 加热器操作员站上和就地水位指示高。
2) The heater level indications both on site and in operator station are high.
3.16.10.2. 原因
3.16.10.2. Causes
1) 加热器管束泄漏。
1) Heater tube bundles have leakage.
2) 疏水调节失灵。
2) Drain adjustor is in malfunction.
3.16.10.3. 处理
3.16.10.3. Treatment
1) 水位高Ⅰ报警时，应立即检查正常疏水调节阀，动作情况，若疏水阀已开
启或疏水阀故障，则事故疏水阀应自动开启，调节加热器水位，同时手动
关闭上级加热器疏水至本级加热器疏水调节阀前手动门应自动关闭，相应
的事故疏水阀开启，调节上级加热器水位。
1) When the level reaches the value high I, the alarm is sent out. Check the
normal drain governor valve can act normally or not. If the drain valve is
opened or failed, the emergency drain valve should open automatically to
adjust the heater level. Simultaneously, manually close the manual valve
from upper heater drain to before this heater drain governing valve, the
corresponding emergency drain valves should open to adjust the level of
previous heater.
2) 任一台高加水位至高Ⅱ报警时，均使高加紧急解列，抽汽逆止门、电动门
自动关闭，关闭高加进出口水门，给水走旁路，并开启高加事故疏水阀。
2) If the level of any HP heater reach the alarm value I, stop this heater,
close the extraction check valve and the motor-driven valve automatically.
Close the HP heater water inlet and outlet valves. The boiler feed water
will go through the bypass pipeline. Open the HP emergency drain valve
automatically.
3.17. 抗燃油系统的运行

3.17. Fire-resistant oil system operation

3.17.1. 技术规范

3.17.1. Technical specifications

表 3-17-1 Table 3-17-1

242
 型式 压力补偿式变量柱塞泵
type pressure compensation type variable plunger
抗燃油泵 pump
Fire- 出口压力 MPa 12.4/14(#1/#2 机)
resistant outlet pressure 12.4/14(#1/#2 turbine)
oil pump 流量 L/mi 90
flow n

3.17.2. EH 泵启动前的准备

3.17.2. Preparation before EH pump startup

3.17.2.1. 油箱充油
3.17.2.1. Fill oil to the oil tank
1) 确认阀门位置处于阀门卡要求位置。
1) Make sure the valve is in the position which is required by the valve card.
2) 确认#1、2EHC泵、循环泵、再生泵、加热器开关均在“关”位置，并将远控
开关置于“停止”位置。
2) Make sure that the switches of the #1, 2EHC pump, circulating pump,
regenerative pump and the heater are in “closed” position, and put the
remote switch at “stop” position.
3) 将充油软管与循环泵充油阀连接。
3) Connect the oil filling tube with the oil filling valve of the circulating pump.
4) 将充油软管的吸油端插入油桶至离油桶底面约50mm处。
4) Insert the oil absorbing terminal of the oil filling tube to about 50mm level
from the bottom of the oil drum.
5) 开启循环泵充油阀，关闭油箱底部循环泵的对应吸油口。
5) Open the oil filling valve of the circulating pump and close the
corresponding oil suction inlet of the circulating pump at the bottom of the
oil tank.
6) 将循环泵控制开关置于“启动”位置并保持此位置，直到循环泵出口流量大于
15L/min，此时低流量报警信号消失。
6) Put the control switch of the circulating pump at “open” position and keep
this position until the outlet flow of the circulating pump is more than
15L/min, at this time the low flow alarm signal disappears.
7) 当一只油桶接近抽空时，停止循环泵，关闭充油阀，换另一只油桶，重复
上述操作，直到油箱油位达到高油位标记。
7) When the oil in one oil drum is nearly discharged completely, stop the
circulating pump, close the oil filling valve and change another oil drum.

243
 Repeat the above operation until that the oil level in oil tank reaches to the
high oil level mark.
8) 充油结束，将充油软管从充油阀上拆下，充油阀装上堵头，将加热器开关
置于“开”位置。
8) After oil filling finish, dismantle the oil filling valve from oil filling tube.
Install the plug on the oil filling valve and put the switch of the heater at
“open” position.
9) 将油箱下部的循环泵吸油口开启。
9) Open the oil absorbing mouth of the circulating pump at the bottom of the
oil drum.
3.17.2.2. 蓄能器予充氮
3.17.2.2. Fill nitrogen to the accumulator
1) 拆下蓄能器顶部的安全阀及二次阀的盖。
1) Dismantle the cover of the safety valve and secondary valve at the top of
the accumulator.
2) 确认充气组件的手轮完全退出以防漏氮。
2) Make sure that the hand wheel of the gas filling assembly is put out of
operation completely to avoid nitrogen leakage.
3) 将充气组件连接到蓄能器顶部的阀座上，确认充气组件的放汽阀已关闭。
3) Connect the gas filling assembly to the valve seat at the top of the
accumulator, and make sure that the steam discharging valve of the gas
filling assembly has been closed.
4) 顺时针方向缓慢旋转充气手轮，以放松蓄能器的充气阀芯，此时充气组件
的压力表可以读得氮气压力。
4) Slowly rotate the gas filling hand wheel in clockwise direction to loosen the
gas filling valve core of the accumulator, at this time the nitrogen pressure
can be read from the pressure gauge of the gas filling assembly.
5) 确认压力读数为8.6MPa/9.8MPa(低压畜能器为0.206MPa/0.21MPa)。
5) Make sure the pressure reading is 8.6MPa/9.8MPa(the pressure of LP
accumulator is 0.206MPa/0.21MPa).
6) 如需充气时用软管将氮气瓶和充气组件接好，顺时针旋转手轮蓄能器充到
8.6MPa/9.8MPa(低压为0.206MPa/0.21MPa)。
6) Connect the nitrogen bottle and gas filling assembly with tube if the gas
filling is needed, rotate the hand wheel accumulator in clockwise direction
until the pressure reaches to 8.6MPa/9.8MPa (LP is 0.206MPa/0.21MPa).
7) 反时针旋转充气手轮以关闭蓄能器充气阀，拆下充气组件。
7) Rotate the gas filling hand wheel in anticlockwise direction to close the

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 gas filling valve of the accumulator, and dismantle the gas filling assembly.
3.17.2.3. 启动前的检查
3.17.2.3. Check before the startup
1) 确认油箱油位处于正常油位的最高位。
1) Make sure the oil level in oil tank is at the maximum level of the normal oil
level.
2) 确认冷却水系统正常
2) Make sure that the cooling water system is normal.
3) 将加热器控制开关置于“开”位置。
3) Put the control switch of the heater at “open” position.
4) 润滑油系统运行正常。
4) The lubricating oil system works normally.
5) 按抗燃油系统阀门检查卡将阀门置于正常位。
5) Put the valve at the normal position according to the valve card of the fire-
resistant oil system.
6) 抗燃油油质必须合格。
6) The oil quality of the fire-resistant oil is qualified.
7) 确认高低压蓄能器充氮，且高压充氮压力为 8.6MPa ，低压充氮压力为
0.2MPa。
7) Make sure that the nitrogen is filled to the HP, LP accumulators, and the
HP nitrogen filling pressure is 8.6MPa，the LP nitrogen filling pressure is
0.2MPa。
8) 所有滤网差压均小于0.55MPa，电磁阀在失电状态。
8) The pressure difference of all the strainers are less than 0.55Mpa 。 The
solenoid valve is at power-off state.
9) EHC泵必须满足下列条件方可启动
9) The EHC pump can be started after the following conditions are satisfied
a) #1机油箱油位离油箱顶部距离＜406.4mm，油位标尺＞400mm；#2、3、4
机油位离低部＞220mm。油箱油位>300mm
a) Oil tank oil level>300mm
b) 油温高于18℃。
b) The oil temperature is more than 18℃.
c) 电机过载保护必须复位。
c) The motor overload protection must be reset.
d) 如果使用遥控，则遥控停止触点必须闭合。且泵的现场开关置于 “备用”位
置。

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 d) If the remote control is used, the remote control stop contact must be
closed. And the on-site switch of the pump is at “standby” position.
10) 循环泵必须满足下列条件方可启动
10) The circulating pump can be started after the following conditions are
satisfied
a) 机过载保护必须复位。
a) The motor overload protection must be reset.
b) #1机油箱油位离油箱油顶距离小于406.4mm，油位标尺＞400mm；#2、
3、4机油位离低部＞220mm油箱油位>300mm。
b) Oil tank oil level>300mm
c) 如果使用遥控停功能，遥控触点不应在停位置。
c) If the remote control is used, the remote control contact should not be at
stop position.
d) 回路低流量开关触点脱开(流量大于15L/min)
d) The low flow switch contact of the loop releases(the flow is more than
15L/min).
3.17.3. 系统的投入

3.17.3. System activation

3.17.3.1. 合循环泵控制开关，启动循环泵，主回路流量超过 15l/min 后，松开控制

开关。否则，松开控制开关，循环泵立即跳闸，此时，控制开关自动切至
“运行”位，检查回路油压≤1MPa。
3.17.3.1. Close the control switch of the circulating pump and start the circulating
pump, loosen the control switch after the main loop flow exceeds
15l/min. Otherwise, the circulating pump will trip immediately when the
control switch is loosened. At this time, the control switch is switched to
“operation” position automatically, and check the oil pressure of the loop
is not more than 1MPa.
3.17.3.2. 确认油温大于 24℃，将再生泵控制开关置“运行”位置。
3.17.3.2 Make sure the control switch is put at the “operation” position when the oil
temperature is more than 24℃.
3.17.3.3. 将#1EHC 泵控制开关置于“启动”位置，然后松手，确认泵已启动，其出口
压力维持在 12.4MPa/14MPa 左右，检查系统无泄漏。
3.17.3.3. Put the control switch of the #1EHC pump at “start” position, and then .
Make sure that the pump has been started, maintain the outlet pressure
at about 12.4MPa/14MPa and check the system has no leakage.
3.17.3.4. 将#2EHC 泵控制开关置于“备用”位置，确认备用灯亮。
3.17.3.4. Put the control switch of #2EHC pump at “standby” position, and make
sure that the standby light is on.

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3.17.3.5. 油泵如做互联启动时，停#1EHC 泵、油压下降到 11.2MPa/11.8MPa 时，
#2EHC 泵 自 动 启 动 ， 并 维 持 压 力 正 常 。 同 理 ， 可 将 #2EHC 泵 联 动
#1ECH 泵。
3.17.3.5. If the oil pump startup adopts the interlock mode, stop the #1EHC pump,
when the pressure drops to 11.2MPa/11.8MPa, the #2EHC pump starts
automatically, maintain the pressure at normal state. In a similar way,
the #2EHC pump can be interlocked with #1ECH pump.
3.17.4. 运行中维护及检查

3.17.4. Maintenance and check during operation

3.17.4.1. 正常运行中每天应检查的下列项目
3.17.4.1. The following items should be checked during normal operation
1) 确认油箱油位略高于报警油位370mm
1) Make sure the oil level in oil tank is a little more than alarm oil level
370mm
2) 确认油温在32℃~54℃之间。
2) Make sure that the oil temperature is between 32℃ and 54℃.
3) 确认供油压力在13.5~14.5MPa之间。
3) Make sure the supply oil pressure is between 13.5~14.5MPa.
4) 确认所有泵的出口滤油器压差小于0.55MPa
4) Make sure that the pressure difference of the outlet strainer of all the
pumps is less than 0.55MPa.
5) 检查空气滤清器的干燥剂，兰色为正常，粉红色则需更换。
5) Check the dryer of air cleaner, and the color should be blue. Change it if
the color is pink.
6) 检查有无泄漏，不正常的噪音及振动。
6) Check whether there is leakage, abnormal noise and vibration.
7) 确认循环油泵出口压力小于1MPa。
7) Make sure that the outlet pressure of the circulating oil pump is less than
1MPa.
8) 确认再生装置的每个滤油器压差小于0.24MPa，再生装置每天白班投运8小
时。
8) Make sure the pressure difference of each oil filter of the regenerating
device is less than 0.24 MPa ， the regenerative device will be put into
operation for 8 hours in every day shift.
3.17.4.2. 每周将备用泵与运行泵切换一次。
3.17.4.2. Switch the standby pump and operating pump once a week.
3.17.4.3. 每月清洗一次两只激磁组件。

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3.17.4.3. Clean the two excitation assembly once a month.
3.17.4.4. 每六个月检查一次，蓄能器充氮压力。
3.17.4.4. Check the nitrogen filling pressure of the accumulator every six months.
3.17.5. 系统的保护联锁及停止

3.17.5. System Protection Interlock and Stop

3.17.5.1. 当 EH 泵满足下列条件时，将保护停泵
3.17.5.1. Stop the pump for protection if the EHC pump satisfies the following
conditions
1) 电机过载保护跳闸。
1) Motor overload protection trip.
2) 油温低于18℃。
2) The oil temperature is less than 18℃.
3) #1机油箱油位距顶部大于406.4mm；#2、3、4机油位距低部＜220mm油箱
油位低于230mm。
3) Oil tank oil level is lower than 230mm.
4) 现场开关置“关闭”位或遥控开关置“停止”位。
4) Put the on-site switch at “closed” position or remote switch at “stop”
position.
5) 按事故按钮。
5) Press the emergency button.
3.17.5.2. EH 泵出口压力开关 Ps1、Ps2 设定值为 11.2MPa/11.8MPa，当泵出口压
力自动降至 11.2MPa/11.8MPa 时，备用泵自动启动。
3.17.5.2. The designing value of the outlet pressure switch Ps1,Ps2 EHC pump is
11.2MPa/11.8MPa. When the pump outlet pressure automatically drops
to 11.2MPa/11.8MPa, the standby pump starts automatically.
3.17.5.3. 循环泵运行中下列条件的任何一个达到将停止循环泵运行
3.17.5.3. During the operation of circulating pump, if any one of the following
condition is met, the circulating pump will be stopped
1) 电机过载保护动作。
1) Activation of motor overload protection.
2) #1机油箱油位离油箱顶部距离大于406.4mm；#2、3、4机油位距低部＜
220mm油箱油位低于300mm。
2) Oil tank oil level is lower than 300mm.
3) 回路流量小于15L/min。
3) The loop flow is less than 15L/min.
4) 开关置“关”位置或遥控开关置“停止”位。

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 4) Put the switch at “closed” position or remote switch at “stop” position.
3.17.6. 抗燃油系统的停止

3.17.6. Fire-resistant system stop

1) 置备用EH泵的控制开关于“停止”位。
1 Put the control switch of the standby EHC pump at “stop” position.
2) 置运行EH泵的控制开关于“停止”位。
2) Put the control switch of the operating EHC pump at “stop” position.
3) 置加热器及循环泵的控制开关于“停止”位。
3) Put the control switch of the heater and circulating pump at “stop” position.
4) 置备再生泵的控制开关于“停止”位。
4) Put the control switch of the standby regenerating pump at “stop” position.
5) 油温控制退出自动，置手动。
5) Put the oil temperature out from auto mode, and put it into manual mode.
3.18. 水环真空泵的运行

3.18. Operation of the Liquid ring Type Vacuum Pump

3.18.1. 设备概述

3.18.1. Overview to equipment

本系统设有二台水环式真空泵，用于抽出凝汽器内不凝结气体。
The system equips with two sets of liquid ring type vacuum pump which are
used to pump the non-condensing air from the internal of condenser.
真空泵A、B在机组正常运行时一运一备。当运行泵故障或者机组真空降低到规
定值时，联锁启动备用泵。机组启动时，两台泵同时运行，加快抽气速度，尽快建
立真空，真空度达到要求后，进入正常运行方式。
When the unit is under normal operation, one set of the two vacuum pumps, A
and B, is on while the other one is standby. The interlock will start the standby
pump when there is accidence of the running-on pump or the unit vacuum
decreases to the provision value. When the unit is started, the two pumps work at
the same time to speed up the exhaust and establish the vacuum. When the
vacuum reaches the requirements, the unit enters the normal mode of operation.
3.18.2. 设备技术规范

3.18.2. Equipment technical specification

表 3-18-1
真空泵
型号 2BW5 303.0EK4

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 一台机组数量 2台
冷却水量 12 t／h
功率 132KW
额定电流 264.3A
转速 740r
电压 380V
Table 3-18-1
Vacuum pump
Model 2BW5 303.0EK4
Number for one unit 2 set
Cooling water flow 12 t／h
Power 132KW
Rated current 264.3A
Speed 740r
Voltage 380V

3.18.3. 真空泵工作原理

3.18.3. The working principles of the vacuum pump

在泵体中装有适量的水作为工作液。当叶轮按图中顺时针方向旋转时，水被叶
轮抛向四周，由于离心力的作用，水形成了一个决定于泵腔形状的近似于等厚度的
封闭圆环。水环的下部分内表面恰好与叶轮轮毂相切，水环的上部内表面刚好与叶
片顶端接触(实际上叶片在水环内有一定的插入深度)。此时叶轮轮毂与水环之间形
成一个月牙形空间，而这一空间又被叶轮分成和叶片数目相等的若干个小腔。如果
以叶轮的下部0°为起点，那么叶轮在旋转前180°时小腔的容积由小变大，且与端面
上的吸气口相通，此时气体被吸入，当吸气终了时小腔则与吸气口隔绝；当叶轮继
续旋转时，小腔由大变小，使气体被压缩；当小腔与排气口相通时，气体便被排出
泵外。下图为水环式真空泵的工作原理。
In the pump body there is certain amount of water used as working fluid.
When the impeller rotates in clockwise like in the flowing picture, the water is
thrown around the impeller. And due to the centrifugal force, the water, being
decided by the shape of the pump, forms a closed circle about the same thickness
of the pump. The lower inner surface of the liquid ring just cut with the impeller
wheels, while the upper inner surface just touches the top of the blades. (In fact,
the blades have certain insertion depth in the liquid ring) And then a crescent-
shaped space is form between the impeller wheel and the liquid ring, which is
divided into the same amounts of small cavities as that of the blades by the
impeller. If the lower 0°of the impeller is set as the starting point, the volumes of
small cavities become larger and larger when the impeller rotates the former 180°,

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and are communicated to the inlet scoop of the inner surface, and now air is
inhaled. Small cavities become isolated with the inlet scoop when the air inhalation
is completed. As the impeller continues to rotate, the small cavities become
smaller and smaller, and the air is compressed. When the small cavities are
communicated to the inlet scoop, the air will be pumped out. The following picture
is the working principles of the Liquid ring type vacuum pump.
综上所述，水环泵是靠泵腔容积的变化来实现吸气、压缩和排气的，因此它属
于变容式真空泵。
由于水环泵中气体压缩是等温的，故可以抽除易燃、易爆的气体。由于没有排
气阀及摩擦表面，故可以抽除带尘埃的气体、可凝性气体和气水混合物。有了这些
突出的特点，尽管它效率低，仍然得到了广泛的应用。
To sum up, the liquid ring type pump achieves suction, compression and
exhaust by changing the size of the pump cavity volume, so it belongs to the
variable-volume vacuum pump.
As the liquid ring type pump gas compression is isothermal, so it can pump
out flammable and explosive gases. Having no Exhaust valve and surface friction,
it can thus withdraw the dust-laden gas, condensable gas as well as the air-water
mixture. With these outstanding features, although being inefficient, it is still widely
used.
3.18.4. 启动前的准备

3.18.4. Preparations before the start-up

3.18.4.1. 确认真空泵能正常工作，电源接通且相关试验已做。
3.18.4.1. Make sure that the vacuum pump has completed its work, the power on
and the related test is well done.
3.18.4.2. 检查各仪表、阀门及控制电源正常。
3.18.4.2. Check the measuring instruments, the valves and the controlling power
supply and keep them in normal state.
3.18.4.3. 确认凝汽器抽空气门开启，开启真空泵入口手动门。
3.18.4.3. Make sure the air pumping valve of the condenser is open, and start-up
the inlet manual door of the vacuum pump.
3.18.4.4. 检查系统阀门状态符合启动要求。
3.18.4.4. Check the state of the system valves and make them in line with the start
requirements.
3.18.4.5. 控制用压缩空气压力＞0.5MPa。
3.18.4.5. Controlling air pressure ＞0.5MPa.

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3.18.4.6. 开真空泵 A、B 汽水分离器补水调节阀分门，汽水分离器开始补水，注意
水位应上升。必要时，开启补水旁路阀。正常运行中尽量用化学取样冷却
水一路向分离器自动补水，凝结水补水做备用。
3.18.4.6. Open the sub-doors of the makeup water governing valve of the steam
separators of the A and B vacuum pump, and the steam separator start
to makeup water and notice that the water level should rise. When
necessary, open the makeup water bypass valve. Try to only use the
chemical sample cooling water access to makeup water automatically in
normal operation, put the condensate makeup standby.
3.18.4.7. 当水位上升至正常，且自动排水阀流水时，关闭补水旁路阀，稳定 5 分
钟，注意水位应稳定。绝对不允许分离器在没有充足工作液体的情况下启
动。
3.18.4.7. shut down the makeup bypass valve when the water level comes up to
normal value and the automatic drain water valve flows. Keep this for 5
minutes, and notice that the water level should be stable. Never start the
separator when there is inadequate working liquid.
3.18.4.8. 投入冷却器冷却水。
3.18.4.8. Feeding cooling water for the cooler.
3.18.4.9. 关闭凝汽器真空破坏门，并投入密封水。
3.18.4.9. Shut the damaging door of the condenser vacuum, and bring in sealed
water.
3.18.5. 水环真空泵启动
3.18.5. Start-up the water liquid ring type vacuum pump
3.18.5.1. 单操启动水环真空泵，当入口差压大于 3KPa 时，保护联锁开启真空泵入
口门。
3.18.5.1. Start-up the liquid ring type vacuum pump only. When the inlet pressure
difference is more than 3KPa, the protection interlock shall start the inlet
valve of the vacuum pump.
3.18.5.2. 检查真空泵声音、振动、填料压盖松紧是否正常，分离器水位是否稳定。
3.18.5.2. Check if the sound, vibration and bonding gland of the vacuum pump are
in normal condition and whether the separator water lever is stable.
3.18.5.3. 机组启动时，应同时启动两台水环真空泵并列运行。30 分钟后，根据真空
情况手动停止其中一台真空泵，并将操作开关放在“自动”位置，使其处于
备用状态。
3.18.5.3. Start the two sets of liquid ring type vacuum pumps to run in parallel
when start the unit. 30 minutes later, stop one set of the two pumps
manually according to the vacuum condition, and put the operation
switch at the “automatic “position, making it standby.
3.18.5.4. 当凝汽器排汽压力低于 18KPa 时，投入低真空保护。
3.18.5.4. Start the low vacuum protection when the outlet pressure of the
condenser is lower than 18KPa.

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3.18.5.5. 当运行泵事故跳闸或泵在运行中入口压力升至 18.6KPa 时，真空低在控制
室报警。
3.18.5.5. When the pump in running tripped for a fault or inlet pressure rise up to
18.6KPa, alarming signal of low vacuum activates at control room.
3.18.6. 正常运行维护

3.18.6. Normal operation and maintenance

3.18.6.1. 定期对凝汽器真空系统进行检查。
3.18.6.1. Regularly inspect condenser vacuum system.
3.18.6.2. 检查水环真空泵电流、振动声音及轴承温度应正常。瓦振小于 0.05mm 轴
承温度不超过泵体温度 17℃。
3.18.6.2. Inspect the current of liquid ring vacuum pump, vibration sound and
bearing temperature to be normal. Bearing bush vibration should be low
0.05mm. The bearing temperature should not be 17 ℃ higher than the
pump’s temperature.
3.18.6.3 .注意检查汽水分离器水位正常,真空泵热交换器运行正常。持续检查泵体的
温度，如果温度快速上升，或温度比进气或工作液高出 14℃，应立刻停
泵。
3.18.6.3. Inspect water level of steam-water separator and heat exchanger of
vacuum pump to be normal. Inspect pump’s temperature continually, the
pump should be stopped immediately if the temperature increase
quickly or the temperature is 14 ℃ more than that of inlet steam or
service fluid.
3.18.6.4. 备用水环真空泵备用良好，且在“自动”位。
3.18.6.4. The spare liquid ring vacuum pump is in a good state, and on the
AUTOMATIC position.
3.18.6.5. 每月应进行水环真空泵的切换。
3.18.6.5. Switch the liquid ring vacuum pump monthly.
3.18.7. 水环真空泵的停运

3.18.7. The outage of liquid ring vacuum pump

3.18.7.1. 解除备用泵联锁。
3.18.7.1. Release the spare pump interlock.
3.18.7.2. 手动停止真空泵电机，保护联锁关闭水环真空泵入口门。
3.18.7.2. Shut down generator of vacuum pump manually, the interlock used will
close the inlet of liquid ring vacuum pump.
3.18.7.3. 若停泵后需检修隔离
3.18.7.3 .If the water pump stops, it needs the maintenance and isolation
1) 关闭真空泵气水分离器补水调节阀前截门及真空泵入口手动门。

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 1) Close the front stop valve of makeup water regulation valves of air-water
separator in vacuum pump and the manual valve of vacuum pump’s inlet.
2) 关闭分离器冷却器冷却水出入口门。
2) Close the inlet and outlet valve of cooling water in condenser and
separator.
3) 关闭所停真空泵密封水入口门。
3) Close the inlet valve of sealing water in the stopped vacuum pump.
4) 停运真空泵停电。
4) Stopped vacuum pump power outage
5) 开启放水阀放掉泵内、冷却器内及分离器内的存水。
5) Open discharge water valve and dropt the water in pump, condenser and
separator.
3.19. 轴封系统

3.19. Gland Seal Steam System

3.19.1. 系统概述

3.19.1. Overview to system

汽轮机轴封系统的主要作用是为了防止蒸汽沿高、中压缸轴端向外泄漏，甚至
窜入轴承箱致使润滑油中进水；防止空气漏入汽缸而破坏机组的真空。
The main function of steam seal system in steam turbine is to prevent the
steam from leaking out along the shaft end of HP&IP casing, and even coming into
the bearing box making the lubricant oil mixed with water. It also prevents the air
from leaking and entering casing and damage the vacuum.
自密封汽封系统是指在机组正常运行时，由高、中压缸轴端汽封的漏汽经喷水
减温后作为低压轴端汽封供汽的汽轮机轴封系统。多余漏汽经溢流站溢流至低压加
热器或凝汽器。在机组启动或低负荷运行阶段，轴封供汽由外来蒸汽提供。该轴封
系统从机组启动到满负荷运行，全过程均能按机组轴封供汽要求自动进行切换。
Self-sealing steam seal system is a kind of steam seal system for steam
turbine. The steam leaked from the end of shaft for HP& IP casing is
desuperheated by spraying water and used as turbine seal Excess leaked steam
overflows into the LP heater or the condenser through the overflow station. In the
stage of the unit starting or low-load operating, the steam in steam seal is supplied
by external steam. From the unit starting to full-load operating, the whole process
can be switched automatically according to the demand of unit steam seal supply
steam.
该系统由轴端汽封的供汽、漏汽管路，主汽阀和主汽调节阀的阀杆漏汽管路，
中压联合汽阀的阀杆漏汽管路以及相关设备组成。

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 This system is composed of steam supply from shaft end steam seal, steam
vent pipeline, main valves and valve rod steam vent pipeline of main regulation
valves, valve rod steam vent pipeline of intercept valve and related equipments.
轴封供汽采用三阀系统，即在汽轮机所有运行工况下，供汽压力通过三个调节
阀即高压供汽调节阀、辅助汽源供汽调节阀和溢流调节阀来控制，使汽轮机在任何
运行工况下均自动保持供汽母管中设定的蒸汽压力。辅助汽源供汽站选用了两种汽
源供汽，除机组本身的再热冷段主蒸汽供汽外，还增加了本机组以外的辅助蒸汽供
汽，机组启动或低负荷运行时由辅助蒸汽经辅助汽源站调节阀，进入自密封系统。
上述三个调节阀及其前后截止阀和必需的旁路阀组成三个压力控制站。此外，为满
足低压缸轴封供汽温度要求，在低压轴封供汽母管上设置了一台喷水减温器，通过
温度控制站控制其喷水量，另外在温度控制站设置旁路，保证在温度控制站出故障
时可以打开旁路截止阀提供喷水，从而实现减温后的蒸汽满足低压轴封供汽要求。
Gland seal steam supply uses a 3-valve- system, that is, in steam turbine’s all
operating condition, steam supply pressure is controlled by three regulation valves,
they are HP steam supply regulation valve, auxiliary steam source supply
regulation valve and overflow regulation valve, which makes the steam turbine
keep the given steam pressure in steam supply chamber in all operating condition.
Auxiliary steam source supply station selects two steam sources supply, except
unit’s steam supplying from main steam, it adds auxiliary steam supply from out of
the unit. When unit is starting up or low-load operating, auxiliary steam comes into
self-sealing system through auxiliary steam source station. A pressure control
station is composed of the three mentioned regulation valves, front and rear shut-
off valve, and a required bypass valve. Moreover, in order to meet temperature
requirements for LP casing gland seal steam supply, its chamber is installed spray
water desuperheating, whose water quantity is controlled by temperature control
station. Besides, there is a bypass valve, by which ensure spray water supply
when there is a problem in temperature control station, thus the steam after
desuperheating will meet the demand of LP gland seal steam supply.
为保证主汽供汽站在机组正常运行中始终处于热备用状态，在调节阀前设有带
节流孔板的旁路，正常运行时，轴封供汽母管中蒸汽经带节流孔板的旁路进入压力
控制站，使之保持热备用状态。
To ensure the main steam supply station always keeps hot standby state
when unit operates normally, bypass with throttling orifice is given before
regulation valve, when unit operates normally, steam from steam seal steam
supply chamber comes into the pressure control station through the bypass with
throttling orifice, which will keep it in hot standby state.
本系统还设置一台轴封加热器及两台轴封风机(其中一台备用)，用于抽出最后

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一段轴封腔室漏汽(或气)，并维持该腔室微负压运行。
The system also set a steam seal heater and two gland seal fans (one
standby) for extracting the final section leaked steam (gas) in gland seal room,
which maintains the room operating in micro-negative pressure.
为了防止杂质进入轴封，各供汽支管上设有Y型蒸汽过滤器。系统供汽母管还
设有一只安全阀，安全阀整定压力为0.3MPa(a)，可防止供汽压力过高而危及机组
安全。
In order to prevent impurities entering into the gland seal, Y-type steam filters
are set in every steam supply branch pipe. There is a safety valve in steam supply
chamber system, setting pressure of safety valve is 0.3MPa (a), which is to
prevent excessive steam pressure for endangering the unit safety.
3.19.2. 设备技术规范

3.19.2. Technical specification

表 3-19-1 Table 3-19-1
调 节 压 力 Pressure 0.115～0.130MPa (a)
adjusting
轴封排气风机 Gland seal exhaust fan
型号 Model FZ-0.8-2000-1
数量 Quantity 1+1 sets
容量 Capacity 2000m3/h
排汽压力 Exhaust pressure 7.845kPa(a)
轴封加热器 Gland seal steam heater
型式 卧式、列管表面式
Type Horizontal, tube surface type
型号 Model JQ-110-3
冷却表面积 Cooling area 110 m2
传热系数 225kcal/h m2 ℃
Heat transferring coefficient
管阻 Tube resistance 0.0235kg/cm3
设计压力 Design pressure
管侧 Tube side 3.07 MPa
壳侧 Shell side 0.0951 MPa
设 计 温 度 Design
temperature
管侧 Tube side 100℃
壳侧 Shell side 300℃

3.19.3. 启动准备

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3.19.3. Preparations for start-up

1) 关闭各压力调节站，接通供汽汽源，调节站前供汽管道暖至过热温度。
1) Shut down every pressure regulation station, connect to steam supply
source, regulate the steam supply pipeline to overheating temperature.
2) 确认系统仪器仪表正常。
2) Ensure instruments of system be normal.
3) 确认汽轮机盘车已投入。
3) Ensure turning gar of steam turbine have been put into operation.
4) 凝结水再循环已建立。
4) Condensate recycling has been established.
5) 打开各压力调节阀及温度调节阀前后的手动和电动截止阀。
5) Open the manual and electric shut-off valve in front and rear of pressure
regulation valve and temperature regulation valve.
6) 接通电动调节阀以及相应的供电电源；如为气动调节阀，接通气源以及相
应控制电源。
6) Connect to electric regulation valve and the corresponding power supply
source; if it is pneumatic regulation valve, connect to gas source and the
corresponding controlling power source.
7) 开启轴封加热器冷却水(凝结水)管路手动闸阀，轴封加热器投入运行。
7) Open piping manual valve of cooling water (condensation water) in steam
seal heater, the steam seal heater is put into operation.
8) 开启轴封风机，开启风机进气管路电动蝶阀，风机正常投入运行(只投一
台，另一台备用)，轴封回汽管路维持负压，压力调整至约-5kPa(g)(g表示
表压，以下同)。
8) Open the gland seal fan, open electric butterfly valve of fan’s steam
admission pipeline, the fan is put into normal operation (only one operated
and one standby),return steam pipeline of steam seal maintains the
negative pressure, the pressure is adjusted to about-5kPa(g) (g, means
gauge pressure, the following is the same).
3.19.4. 轴封供汽系统的投运

3.19.4. Put gland seal steam supply system into operation

3.19.4.1. 冷态启动和热态启动
3.19.4.1. Cold start-up & hot start-up
1) 冷态启动采用辅助汽源站供汽。
1) Cold Start using the steam supplied from auxiliary steam source station.
2) 确认高压汽源供汽站和溢流站调节阀关闭后，开启辅助汽源供汽站调节阀

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 管路上的电动截止阀，供汽系统正常投入，并按下述步骤自动运行：
2) Confirm regulation valves of HP steam source supply station and overflow
stations closed, and then open electric shut-off valve of regulation valve
pipeline in auxiliary steam source supply station, which is for putting the
system into normal operation, and run automatically according to the
following steps:
a) 盘车、冲转及低负荷阶段
a) Turning gear, rolling and low loading stage
轴封供汽来自辅助汽源，供汽母管压力维持在0.123 MPa (a)。
Gland seal supply steam is from auxiliary steam source, steam supply
chamber’s pressure maintains 0.123MPa (a).
b) 25%负荷到50%负荷阶段
b) From 25% to 50% load stage
当机组负荷升至25%额定负荷时，此时再热冷段主蒸汽已能满足全部轴封供汽
要求，供汽由再热冷段主蒸汽提供，并自动维持供汽母管压力
0.127MPa(a)；如辅助汽源参数满足供汽要求，也可由辅助汽源继续为轴封
母管供汽
When unit load increases to 25%of the rated load, main steam at this time
have been able to meet the demand of all steam seal steam supply, the
steam is supplied by mian steam, and maintains automatically steam
supply chamber’s pressure 0.127MPa (a); If parameters of auxiliary steam
source satisfied the requirements, auxiliary steam source can also
continue to supply steam for steam seal chamber.
c) 50%以上负荷阶段
c) More than 50% load stage
当负荷增至50%以上时，高中压缸轴端漏入供汽母管的蒸汽量超过低压缸轴端
汽封所需的供汽量。当蒸汽母管压力升至0.13MPa(a)时，所有供汽站的调节阀自动
关闭，溢流站调节阀自动打开，将多余的蒸汽通过溢流控制站排至凝汽器8#低加。
至此，轴封系统进入自密封状态，轴封母管压力维持在0.13MPa(a)，正常运行时应
关闭再热冷段主蒸汽供汽管路上电动截止阀。
When the load increased to more than 50%, steam volume leaked from the
end of shaft of HP&IP casing into the main steam pipe is more than what needed
by LP casing for shaft end steam sealing.At this time, the steam pressure in main
steam pipe is increasing to 0.13MPa (a), all regulation valves in steam supply
station will shut down automatically, and regulation valves in overflow station will
open automatically, which drain the excessive steam into #8 LP heater through
overflow control station. Thus, steam seal system comes into the self-sealing state,

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and steam seal chamber pressure maintains 0.13MPa (a), electric shut-off valve in
main steam supplying pipeline should be shut down as normal operation.
3.19.4.2. 极热态启动
3.19.4.2. Superheated state start-up
1) 若机组有符合温度要求的辅助汽源，汽封供汽由辅助汽源站供给。若机组
辅助汽源的参数达不到要求，轴封供汽由高压汽源站供给。
1) If the unit has satisfied the auxiliary steam source, steam seal steam
supply is supplied by auxiliary steam source station. If the steam
parameters in unit auxiliary steam source cannot satisfy the demand,
steam is supplied from HP steam source station.
2) 若采用高压汽源供汽站供汽，确认辅助汽源供汽站和溢流站调节阀关闭
后，开启主汽供汽站调节阀管路上的电动截止阀，供汽系统正常投入，并
按下述步骤自动运行
2) If using steam is from HP steam source station, confirm after the
regulation valves in auxiliary steam source station and overflow station is
shut down, open the electric cut-off valve in regulation valve pipeline of
main steam supplying station, steam supply system put into normal
operation, and takes automatically the following steps
a) 盘车、冲转及低负荷阶段
a) Turning gear, rolling and low-load stage
轴封供汽来自主汽供汽站，供汽母管压力维持在0.118MPa(a)。
Steam seal steam supply is from main steam supply station, steam supply
chamber’s pressure maintains 0.118MPa (a).
b) 25%负荷到50%负荷阶段
b) From 25% load to 50% load
当机组负荷升至25%额定负荷时，此时再热冷段主蒸汽已能满足全部汽封供汽
要求，供汽切换成由再热冷段主蒸汽提供，并自动维持供汽母管压力
0.127MPa(a)。
When unit’s load increases to 25%of the rated load, and main steam section
at this time have satisfied the demand of all steam seal steam supply, the steam
supply switch is supplied by main steam, and automatically maintains steam
supply chamber’s pressure 0.127MPa (a ).
c) 50%以上负荷阶段
c) More than 50% load stage
当负荷增至50%以上时，高中压缸轴端漏入供汽母管的蒸汽量超过低压缸轴端
汽封所需的供汽量。此时，蒸汽母管压力升至0.13MPa(a)，所有供汽站的调节阀自
动关闭，溢流站调节阀自动打开，将多余的蒸汽通过溢流控制站排至凝汽器。至

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此，轴封系统进入自密封状态，轴封母管压力维持在0.13MPa(a)，正常运行时应关
闭再热冷段主蒸汽供汽管路上电动截止阀。
When the load increased to more than 50%, steam volume leaked from the
end of shaft of HP&IP casing into the main steam pipe is more than what needed
by LP casing for shaft end steam sealing. At this time, the steam pressure in main
steam pipe is increasing to 0.13MPa (a), all regulation valves in steam supply
station will shut down automatically, and regulation valves in overflow station will
open automatically, which drain the excessive steam into condenser through
overflow control station. Thus, steam seal system comes into the self-sealing state,
and steam seal chamber pressure maintains 0.13MPa (a), electric shut-off valve in
main steam supplying pipeline should be shut down as normal operation.
3.19.4.3. 机组甩负荷阶段
3.19.4.3. Load shedding stage
机组甩负荷时，分以下两种情况处理
Depend on the following 2 cases when load shedding
1) 若 机 组 有 符 合 温 度 要 求 的 备 用 辅 助 汽 源 ， 汽 封 供 汽 母 管 压 力 降 至
0.13MPa(a)，溢流调节阀关闭，汽封供汽由辅助汽源站供给。
1) If the unit has the spare auxiliary steam, decrease the pressure for the
steam seal to 0.13MPa (a), shut down the regulating valve, and the seal
steam is supplied by the auxiliary substation.
2) 若机组无备用辅助汽源或辅助汽源的参数达不到要求，此时辅助汽源供汽
不能利用，必须关闭辅助汽源站调节阀前的电动截止阀，汽封供汽母管压
力降至0.118MPa(a)，溢流调节阀早已自动关闭，高压供汽调节阀自动打
开，供汽由主汽供汽站即高压汽源调节站供给。
2) If there is no auxiliary steam supply or the parameters of the steam can
not meet the requirement, then we can not use the auxiliary steam, we
must shut off the electro driven check valve before the regulating valve of
the auxiliary steam station, the pipe’s pressure for the seal steam is
decreased to 0.118MPa(a), the throttling valve is closed in advance
automatically, high pressure regulating valve automatically open, the
steam is supplied by the main steam supply station high pressure
regulating station
3.19.4.4. 温度调节站的投运
3.19.4.4. Temperature regulating station running
在所有运行工况下，温度调节站均自动维持低压汽封腔室处温度在130~180℃
范围(整定值150℃)。
When running, the temperature regulating station will automatically maintain

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the temperature in the casing of steam seal within the range of 130~180 ℃ ,(the
rectified value is 150℃).
3.19.4.5. 旁路阀的投运
3.19.4.5. Bypass valve running
当辅助供汽调节阀的节流压力低于额定值的25%时或汽封磨损后启动汽轮机
时，为了获得足够的蒸汽流量来密封汽轮机，开启辅汽站旁路阀以补充蒸汽，当节
流压力高到能自动保持汽封用汽时，旁路阀关闭。如果旁路阀仍开启着，剩余蒸汽
将通过溢流阀自动排入低加或凝汽器。这种情况对汽轮机运行无任何影响，但将使
电厂效率略有降低。
When start up the steam turbine during the pressure of the regulating valve
for the steam supply is lower than the rated pressure by 25%, or the steam seal is
weary, to gain enough quantity of the steam for sealing the turbine, we should
open the make up steam by open the bypass valve of the auxiliary station, when
the throttled pressure is enough to maintain the quantity for the steam sealing
automatically, shut off the bypass valve. If the bypass valve is still open, the rest
steam will be discharged to low pressure heater of condenser automatically
through throttling valve, which has no influence for the steam turbine running, but
to lower the efficiency of the power plant.
3.19.4.6. 蒸汽温度要求
3.19.4.6. Temperature requirement of the steam turbine
1) 轮机辅助蒸汽参数的要求
1) Turbine auxiliary steam parameters

表 3-19-1
蒸 汽 压 力
用途 温度(℃) 用于 汽源
MPa(a)
250~350 极热态启动

汽轮机 250~350 热态启动

0.588~0.784 辅汽联箱
汽封 150~250 温态启动

120~180 冷态启动
Table 3-19-1
Functio Steam pressure Steam
Tem.(℃) Usage
n MPa(a) source
Extre-hot Auxiliary
Turbine About
0.588~0.784 State steam
Gland 250~350 header
startup

261
 sealing About Hot state
250~350 startup
Warm state
150~250
startup
About Cold state
120~180 startup

2) 汽轮机轴封温度要求
2) Temperature requirement of turbine gland sealing
为了限制轴封蒸汽温度和汽轮机转子温度的不协调，供汽温度必须满足要求。
To avoid a non-coordinated temperature between the sealing steam and the
rotor of the steam turbine, the supply steam must meet the temperature
requirement.
通常在绝对压力为0.127MPa的轴封母管中，轴封蒸汽温度允许比金属温度高
167℃或低于167℃。轴封蒸汽和转子的温差过大，会引起轴封区转子表面高的热应
力，每一热应力循环损耗一部分金属交变寿命，而转子上温差过大的重复出现会引
起转子表面的热疲劳裂纹；同时，温差过大将引起转子和静子部件间过大的胀差。
Normally, the absolute pressure in the main pipe is 0.127MPa; the steam
temperature is permitted 167℃ higher or 167℃ lower than the temperature of the
metal. Too much temperature difference between the steam and the turbine rotor
is too much will arouse the thermal stress of the rotor surface in the sealing
section. Every circle will shorten the life of the rotor, and the repeat of the
temperature difference will crack the surface of the rotor, simultaneously, it will
arouse the over expansion difference between the rotor and stator.
3.19.5. 系统正常运行维护及调整

3.19.5. System normal running, maintenance and regulating

3.19.5.1. 为 了 防 止 系 统 发 生 供 汽 超 压 事 故 ， 在 供 汽 母 管 上 设 置 了 整 定 压 力 为
0.3MPa(a)的带散热器弹簧全启式安全阀。为保证安全运行，在轴封供汽
母管上应装设超压声光报警装置，报警压力为 0.25MPa(a)，以便对系统
运行进行监视。
3.19.5.1. To avoid the overpressure cases of steam supply, the main pipe is
equipped with the spring full start type safety valve with radiator, the
regulating pressure is 0.3MPa(a) And also installed the overpressure
light and buffer alarm device, the pressure alarm is 0.25MPa (a)to
monitoring the system.
3.19.5.2. 如果系统在运行过程中发现汽缸轴端漏汽，可以通过调节轴封风机的风门
来调整轴封回汽压力，保证轴封回汽腔室维持一定负压，约-5kPa(g)。
3.19.5.2. If the end of the casing is found leaking during working, adjust the air
damper of the axial sealing fan to regulate the pressure for the steam

262
 back. By doing so to guarantee to steam back to the housing and
ensure a certain negative pressure, about -5kPa(g).
3.19.5.3. 当供汽站和溢流站调节阀故障时，可利用调节阀手轮及旁路阀对系统进行
操作。
3.19.5.3. When the steam supply station and the overflow station are failed, we
can operate the system though by the regulating valve hand wheel and
bypass valve.
3.19.5.4. 在非正常工况情况下，如供汽调节阀旁路通道被开启，或供汽站调节阀处
于开启状态，从而导致超过需要的蒸汽经供汽站进入供汽母管，不论哪一
种情况，溢流调节阀将自动打开。
3.19.5.4. During normally working, if the bypass channel of the steam supply
regulating valve is opened or the regulating valve is open lead to
excessive steam enter the main steam supply pipe through steam
supply station, whichever, the overflow regulating valve will open
automatically.
3.19.5.5. 机组运行中，一台轴封风机运行，另一台备用，备用轴封风机进口门一定
要关闭。
3.19.5.5. When the unit is running, one axial fan is working, another is as spare
use, and the inlet of the spare fan must be closed.
3.19.5.6. 供汽管道上的蒸汽过滤器应经常清洗。
3.19.5.6. See below the regulating and running conditions of all control station.
3.19.5.7. 各控制站调节阀整定和运行情况见下表
3.19.5.7. Setting and operation for governor valves in all the control station.
表 3-19-2

轴封母管压 高压汽源控制 辅 助 汽 源 控 制
溢流控制站 运行状态
力 MPa(a) 站 站

抽真空阶段
0.123 关闭 打开并调节 关闭
(冷态启动)

0.127 关闭 打开并调节 关闭 ~25%负荷

0.130 关闭 关闭 打开并调节 自密封
0.118 打开并调节 关闭 关闭 甩负荷
抽真空阶段
0.118 打开并调节 关闭 关闭
(热态启动)
Table 3-19-2
Gland seal HP steam
Auxiliary Overflow Operation
header source
steam control control
pressure control conditions
station station
MPa(a) station

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 Vacuum
Open and extraction
0.123 Close Close
adjust it stage(cold state
start-up)
Open and
0.127 Close Close ~25% load
adjust it
Open and
0.130 Close Close Self-seal
adjust it
Open and
0.118 Close Close Load shedding
adjust it
Vacuum
Open and extraction
0.118 Close Close
adjust it stage(hot state
start-up)

注意：表中阀门整定压力值，仅供现场调整时参考。电厂可根据实际运行情
况，适当调整压力整定值，直至高、中、低压轴封均不出现冒汽且不影响真空为合
适。
Note: the setting value for valves in the above table just serves as the
reference for on-site adjustment. The pressure setting valve can be adjusted
based on practical situation till no steam leakge from HP, IP and LP gland seal, the
vacuum is not affected.
3.19.6. 系统停止

3.19.6. System stop

1) 确认汽轮机处于停机盘车阶段。
1) Ensure the steam turbine maintain the stage of shutdown and jigger point.
2) 切断全部供汽管路电动截止阀。
2) Cut off all electro driven valve of all steam supply pipe.
3) 切断减温站进水口调节阀。
3) Shut off the inlet regulating valve of temperature decreasing station.
4) 切断轴封调节阀电源或气源。
4) Cut down power of the steam seal regulating valve and steam supply.
5) 确认所有疏水点畅通。
5) Make sure all water drain points are unblocked.
3.19.7. 常见的故障及简单处理措施

3.19.7. Common faults and simple solutions

表 3-19-3
故障 故障原因 故障简单处理措施
轴 封 供 汽 母 1 供汽调节阀关闭不严。 1 检查调节阀控制信号，核查阀门的严密性。确
管压力偏高 认不严密后，通知制造厂或配套厂。

264
 2 外界汽源进入系统。 2 查明外界汽源，并切断外界汽源。
3 轴封处不明泄漏点。 3 查找轴封附近的泄漏点。
1 轴封风机出口门关闭。 1 开启轴封风机出口阀门。
2 轴 封 加 热 器 冷 却 水 量 偏 2 调整轴封加热器冷却水量，使汽封加热器内压
小。 力不大于-5kPa(g)。
轴封处冒汽 3 汽-气混合物回汽管路布置 3 汽-气混合物回汽管路向汽封加热器方向连续
不合理。 倾斜，斜率 1/50，且进入汽封加热器入口管段
4 汽-气混合物低位点疏水不 时，不得从管段下方进入。
畅。 4 保持低位点疏水畅通。
1 减温器喷嘴堵塞。 1 清理喷嘴。
低 压 供 汽 温 2 滤水器堵塞。 2 清洗滤水器。
度高 3 喷 水 调 节 阀 不 能 正 常 工 3 检查调节阀动力电源或控制气源及控制信号。
作。
喷水调节阀关闭不严。 1 检查调节阀动力电源或控制气源及控制信号。
低压供汽温
1 调节阀是否内泄漏，若是，请与制造厂或配套
度低
厂联系处理措施。

Table 3-19-3
Faults Causes Simple solutions
The steam supply adjusting Check the control signal of adjusting valve and
Slightly high
pressure of valve is not closed tightly. the valve tightness; inform the manufacturer or
main pipe of Steam from outside comes matching manufactory when confirming the
gland seal into the system. valve is not tight.
steam There are unclear leakage Find out the outside steam source and cut off it.
supply
points near the gland seal. Find the leakage points near the gland seal.
The outlet valve of the gland Open the outlet valve of the gland seal air fan.
air fan is closed. Adjust the cooling water capacity of gland
The cooling water capacity heater to make the pressure inside the gland
Steam of gland heater is low. steam heater not more than -5kPa(g).
appearing The stream return pipe of Continuously incline the steam return pipe of
at gland steam and air mixture is not steam and air mixture towards the gland steam
seal distributed properly. heater, with the slope of 1/50, and do not let it
The low level point drainage come into the inlet pipe section of the gland
of steam and air mixture is steam heater from the lower part.
not free and smooth. Keep low level point drainage free and smooth.
The desuperheater nozzle is Clear the nozzle.
High
temperature blocked. Clean the water filter.
of low The water filter is blocked. Check the dynamical power or control air
pressure The spray water control source and the control signal of the control
supplied valve can not work valve.
steam
normally.
Low The spray water control Check the dynamical power or control air
temperature valve is not closed tightly. source and control signal of the control valve.
of low Check whether there is leakage inside the
pressure

265
supplied control valve; if so, contact the manufacturer or
steam matching manufactory to deal with it.

由于轴封系统能否正常运行不仅与设备配置有关，而且与现场布置合理与否紧
密相连，当系统运行不正常时，经过上述简单处理措施仍不奏效的情况下，请与厂
家联系。
As whether the gland steam system can operate normally does not only relate
to the equipment collocation but also has close relation with the site distribution, so
please contact the manufacturer when the system operates abnormally and the
simple solutions mentioned above have been adopted but there is no effect.
3.20. 旁路系统的运行

3.20. Bypass system running

3.20.1. 旁路系统概述

3.20.1. Overview to the bypass system

1) 汽轮机旁路系统是本机组重要外部系统之一，它具有改善机组启动性能，
减少汽轮机寿命损耗和快速跟踪负荷等功能。合理的旁路设置能满足机组
中压缸启动。本厂采用40％B－MCR容量的2级串联旁路加3级减温减压器
的旁路系统。
1) Steam turbine bypass system is one of important external systems in unit,
which can improve the startup performance, reduce the life loss and
quickly track the load. Proper bypass configuration can meet the start
requirement of the unit. Our plant adopt 40 ％ B － MCR, level 2 serial
bypass and level 3 temperature decreasing and pressure decreasing
bypass system.
2) 高压旁路蒸汽从高压主汽门前引出，经1级减温减压后排至再热冷段，低压
旁路蒸汽由中压联合汽阀前引出，经2级和3级减温减压后排至凝汽器。
2) High pressure steam goes from main high pressure steam stop valve,
through level 1 temperature and pressure decreasing; low pressure
bypass steam is goes from before the intermediate pressure steam valve
combination, through level 2 temperatures and pressure decreasing to
condenser.
3.20.2. 设备技术规范

3.20.2. Equipment technical specification

\

266
 表 3-20-1 Table 3-20-1
40%B-MCR 进口参数 出口参数 流量
旁路系统 Inlet parameter Outlet parameter Flow
40%B-MCR MPa/℃ MPa/℃ t/h
Bypass system
高压旁路(HPBV) 16.67/538 3.99/330 410
低压旁路(LPBV) 3.59/538 0.688/164.2 470

3.20.3. 旁路系统的投运

3.20.3. Bypass system running

3.20.3.1. 汽轮机启动前旁路运行前的准备
3.20.3.1. Preparation for turbine
1) 检查有关阀在正确位置
1) Check the position of the relative valve.
2) 建立凝汽器真空
2) Build up vacuum of the condenser.
a) 凝汽器循环水投运
a) Circulating water of condenser put in use.
b) 汽轮机轴封蒸汽投运
b) Axial sealing steam of turbine put in use.
c) 凝汽器抽真空系统投运
c) Condenser vacuum extraction system put in use.
3) 锅炉点火
3) Ignite the boiler.
4) 蒸汽管道疏水正常
4) Water drain condition for steam pipe is normal.
3.20.3.2. 汽机启动前旁路系统的操作
3.20.3.2. Bypass system operation of turbine
1) 当建立凝汽器真空以后，打开高、低压旁路阀及高、低压旁路减温器阀。
1) After building up the vacuum of condenser, open high and low pressure
bypass valve and high and low bypass temperature decreasing valve.
2) 暖主蒸汽和再热蒸汽管道。
2) Warm main steam pipe and reheated steam pipe.
3) 锅炉增加燃烧率，提高锅炉出力。
3) Improve boiler burning efficiency, and increase the output of the boiler.

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3.20.3.3. 汽机冲转至发电机并网
3.20.3.3. Steam turbine rolling and connecting generator with electric network
1) 汽机复位，高压缸减压与凝汽器压力相平衡。手动缓慢关闭高旁阀，开启
低旁阀，当再热汽压力是0时，关闭低旁阀。
1) Manually and slowly close the HP bypass valve; open the LP bypass valve,
and when the reheated steam pressure is 0, close the LP bypass valve.
2) 打开中压调节阀，再热蒸汽通过中压缸和低压缸将机组冲转并提高转速汽
轮机ETS复位挂闸，中压主汽门及中压调门全开，设定转速用高压调节阀控
制汽轮机冲转升速。
2) Turbine ETS reset and lathc on, the IP main steam valve and IP governing
valve shall be fully opened, set the rotation speed, and use the HP
governing valve to control the turbine rolling and speed rising.
3) 发电机并网带初负荷。
3) Generator merges the electric with primary load.
3.20.4. 旁路保护

3.20.4. Bypass protection

3.20.4.1. 高旁保护联锁
3.20.4.1. HP bypass interlock
1) 汽机跳闸，联锁快速开启。
1) Turbine trips，fast interlock open.
2) 汽轮机110%超速，快开。
2) Turbine is overspeed for 110%, fastly open.
3) 主汽门前压力高高值，快开。
3) Pressure value before main steam valve is high, fastly open.
4) 高旁后温度390℃高旁快关。
4) The temperature of HP bypass is 390℃, HP bypass fastly closed.
5) 低旁快关，连锁快关高旁。
5) LP bypass fastly closed, fastly interlock close the HP bypass.
6) 减温水压力低于4.5MPa高旁快关
6) The desuperheating water pressure is lower than 4.5MPa, the HP bypass
fastly closed.
3.20.4.2. 低旁保护联锁
3.20.4.2. LP bypass interlock
1) 汽机跳闸，联锁快速开启。
1) Turbine trips，fastly interlock open.

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 2) 再热汽压力高高值，快开
2) Pressure value of reheated steam is high, fastly open.
3) 汽轮机110%超速，快开。
3) Turbine is overspeed for 110%, fastly open.
4) 凝汽器真空低于60KPa快关低旁
4) Condenser vacuum is lower than 60KPa, fastly close the LP bypass.
5) 凝汽器排汽温度高于80℃，快关
5) The exhaust steam temperature of condenser is higher than 80 ℃ , fastly
close.
6) 凝汽器热井液位高高值1680mm，低旁快关
6) The level of condenser hot well is 1680mm, fastly close the LP bypass.
7) 减温水压力低于1.5MPa低旁快关
7) The desuperheating water pressure is lower than 1.5MPa, fastly close the
LP bypass.

附表一 Appendix 1 饱和蒸汽压力与温度对照表 sure and Temperature List

P t P t P t P t
0.0010 6.982 0.021 61.15 0.70 164.5 3.6 244.16
0.0015 13.034 0.022 62.16 0.80 170.42 3.7 245.75
0.0020 17.511 0.023 63.14 0.90 175.36 3.8 247.31
0.0025 21.094 0.024 64.08 1.0 179.88 3.9 248.84
0.0030 24.098 0.025 64.99 1.1 184.06 4.0 250.33
0.0035 26.692 0.026 65.87 1.2 187.96 4.5 257.41
0.0040 28.981 0.027 66.72 1.3 191.60 5.0 263.92
0.0045 31.034 0.028 67.55 1.4 195.04 5.5 269.94
0.0050 32.90 0.029 68.35 1.5 198.28 6.0 275.56
0.0055 34.60 0.030 69.12 1.6 201.37 6.5 280.83
0.0060 36.18 0.040 75.89 1.7 204.30 7,0 285.80
0.0065 37.65 0.050 81.35 1.8 207.10 7.5 290.51
0.0070 39.02 0.060 85.95 1.9 209.79 8.0 294.98
0.0075 40.32 0.070 89.96 2.0 212.37 8.5 299.24
0.0080 41.53 0.080 93.51 2.1 214.85 9.0 303.31
0.0085 42.69 0.090 96.71 2.2 217.24 9.5 307.22
0.0090 43.79 0.10 99.63 2.3 219.54 10.0 310.96

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0.0095 44.83 0.12 104.81 2.4 221.78 11.0 318.04
0.010 45.83 0.14 109.32 2.5 223.94 12.0 324.64
0.011 47.71 0.16 113.32 2.6 226.03 13.0 330.81
0.012 49.45 0.18 116.93 2.7 228.06 14.0 336.63
0.013 51.06 0.20 120.23 2.8 230.04 15.0 342.12
0.014 52.58 0.25 127.43 2.9 231.96 16.0 352.26
0.015 54.00 0.30 133.54 3.0 233.84 17.0 352.26
0.016 55.34 0.35 138.88 3.1 235.66 18.0 356.96
0.017 56.62 0.40 143.62 3.2 237.44 19.0 361.44
0.018 57.83 0.45 147.92 3.3 239.18 20.0 365.71
0.019 58.98 0.50 151.85 3.4 240.88 21.0 369.79
0.020 60.09 0.60 158.84 3.5 242.54 22.0 373.68

270