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The document contains 10 problems related to calculating expectations, variances, and standard deviations for various probability distributions. Sample solutions are provided that include the expected value, variance, and standard deviation for each problem.

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liza mae banaag
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348 views10 pages

Back To Problems Page: Solution

The document contains 10 problems related to calculating expectations, variances, and standard deviations for various probability distributions. Sample solutions are provided that include the expected value, variance, and standard deviation for each problem.

Uploaded by

liza mae banaag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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0 Find the mean and variance of the following probability distribution and hence find its standard deviation

1
. x − 10 − 20 30 75 80

1 3 1 1 1
P (X = x)
5 20 2 10 20

Solution
[Expectation: 21.5; Variance: 932.25 ; Standard Deviation : +30.53]

Back to Problems Page


Problem

Find the mean and variance of the following probability distribution and hence find its standard deviation

x − 10 − 20 30 75 80

1 3 1 1 1
P (X = x)
5 20 2 10 20

Net Answers :

[Expectation: 21.5; Variance: 932.25 ; Standard Deviation : +30.53]

0 A bakery has the following schedule of daily demand for cakes.


2
. No. of cakes demanded 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
(in hundreds)

Probability 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.20 0.20 0.18 0.10 0.01 0.01

Find the expected number of cakes demanded per day

Solution
[[Expectation: 436; Variance: 3.5304 ; Standard Deviation : +1.879]]

Calculations for Mean and Standard Deviations

px px2
x P (X = x) x2 2
[x × P (X = x)] [x × P (X = x)]

0 0.02 0 0 0

1 0.07 0.07 1 0.07

2 0.09 0.18 4 0.36

3 0.12 0.36 9 1.08

4 0.20 0.80 16 3.20

5 0.20 1.00 25 5.00

6 0.18 1.08 36 6.48

7 0.10 0.70 49 4.90

8 0.01 0.08 64 0.64

9 0.01 0.09 81 0.81

Total 1.00 4.36 22.54

Since the given distribution is the probability distribution of a discrete random variable "X", Σ p = 1.

From the probability distribution:


Expected (Mean) Number of cakes demanded per day
⇒ Expectation/Mean of the distribution

⇒ E (x) (Or) x = Σ px

= 4.36 (in hundreds)

= 436

Variance of the number of caked demanded per day


⇒ Variance of the distribution

⇒ var (x) = E (x2) − (E(x))2

⇒ var (x) = Σ px2 − (Σ px)2

= 22.54 − (4.36)2

= 22.54 − 19.0096

= 3.5304

Standard Deviation of the number of cakes demanded per day


⇒ standard deviation of the distribution

⇒ SD (x) = + √ Var (x)

⇒ SD (x) = + √ 3.5304

⇒ SD (x) = + 1.879

0 The monthly demand for radios is known to have the following probability distribution
4
. Demand 1 2 3 4 5 6

Probability 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.20 0.10

Determine the expected demand for radios. Also find the variance. If the cost (Rs. C) of producing (n) radios is given by C =
1000 + 200n, determine the expected cost.

Solution
[Expectation Cost: 1,720]

0 For what value of "a" will the function f(x) = ax; x = 1, 2, ..., n be the probability mass function of a discrete random variable
5 x? find the mean and the variance of x.
.
Solution
[ Variance: 3.5304 ; Standard Deviation : +1.879]

0 Evaluate K if f(x) = K, x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; f(x) = 0, elsewhere is a probability mass function. Also find its mean and standard
6 deviation.
.
Solution
[Expectation: 3.5 ; Variance: 2.917 ; Standard Deviation : +1.708]

0 The p.m.f. of a random variable (x) is given by f(x) = 2p for x = 1,


7
. f(x) = p for x = 2,

f(x) = 4p for x = 3,

f(x) = 0 otherwise

Find the value of P, E(x) and Var(x). Also calculate P(X > 1).

Solution
[Expectation: 2.29 ; Variance: 0.7559 ; Standard Deviation : +0.869 ; P(X>1):0.714]
0 The range of a random variable X is (0, 1, 2). If C is a constant such that P(X) = 3C3, P(X = 1) = 4C − 10C2,
8 P(x = 2) = 5C − 1, then C =
.
Solution
[Expectation: 2.56 ; Variance: 0.4464 ; Standard Deviation : +0.668]

0 The value of C for which P(X = K) = CK2 can serve as the probability function of a random variable x that takes values 0, 1, 2,
9 3, 4, is ...
.
Solution
[Expectation: 3.33 ; Variance: 0.71 ; Standard Deviation : +0.843]

1 A random variable x takes the values of &m inus;1, 0, 1. Its mean is 0.6. If P(X = 0) = 0.2, then P(X = 1) = ?
0
Solution
.
[Expectation: 0.6 ; Variance: 0.44 ; Standard Deviation : +0.663; P(X=1): 0.7]

1 If x is a random variable, show that (i) E(1) = 1; (ii) E(3x) = 3E(x) and (iii) E(2 + 3x) = 2 + 3E(x)
1
Solution
.
[]

1 Prove that: (i) var(2) = 0, (ii) var(3x) = 9 (iii) var (x + 4x) = 16 var (x)
2
Solution
.
[]

1 If the variance of a random variable x is 5, then the variance of the random variable (− 3x) is
3
Solution
.
[Var(-3x): 45]

1 A number is chosen at random from the set 1, 2, 3, ... , 100 and another number is chosen at random from the set 1, 2, 3, ...
4 , 50. What is the expected value of the sum and the expected value of the product?
.
Solution
[Expectation: 25.5 ; Expectation(sum): 76 ; Expectation(product): 1,287.75]

1 The probability that there is at least one error is an accounts statement prepared by A is 0.2 and for B and C they are 0.25
5 and 0.4 respectively A, B, and C prepared 10, 16 and 20 statements respectively. Find the expected number of correct
. statements in all

Solution
Expected no. of correct statements in all prepared by "A", "B" and "C" together : 32

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