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Extended Range of Voltmeter & Ammeter

The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

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Rutvik Bhelonde
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6K views4 pages

Extended Range of Voltmeter & Ammeter

The document describes how to extend the range of ammeters and voltmeters using shunts and multipliers. (1) For ammeters, a low-resistance shunt is connected in parallel to bypass excess current above the ammeter's scale, allowing measurement of higher currents. (2) For voltmeters, a high-resistance multiplier is connected in series to limit current below the meter's scale, allowing measurement of higher voltages. Formulas are provided to calculate the required resistance values of shunts and multipliers based on the meter's full-scale current and resistance. This extends the measurement range while maintaining deflection accuracy.

Uploaded by

Rutvik Bhelonde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment No.

Aim:- Extension of instrument range: Ammeter , Voltmeter

Appratus:- Resistance , Ammeter, Voltmeter

Theory:-

(1) Ammeter Shunts


The moving-coil instrument has a coil wound with very fine wire. It can carry only few mA safely
to give full-scale deflection. For measuring higher current, a low resistance is connected in parallel
to the instrument to bypass the major part of the current. The low resistance connected in parallel
with the coil is called a shunt. Figure 2.12 shows a shunt resistance Rsh connected in parallel with
the basic meter.

Figure 2.12 Extension of PMMC ammeter using shunt


The resistance of the shunt can be calculated using conventional circuit analysis.
Rsh = shunt resistance (Ω)

Rm = coil resistance (Ω)

Im = Ifs = full-scale deflection current (A)

1sh = shunt current (A)

I = current to be measured (A)


The voltage drop across the shunt and the meter must be same as they are connected in parallel
From Eq. (2.25),

The ratio of the total current to the current in the meter is called multiplying power of
shunt. Multiplying power,

I/P Current Deflection Multiplier O/P Current


(2) Voltmeter Multipliers:-
For measuring higher voltages, a high resistance is connected in series with the instrument to limit the
current in the coil to a safe value. This value of current should never exceed the current required to
produce the full scale deflection. The high resistance connected in series with the instrument is called
a multiplier. In Figure 2.13, Rsc is the multiplier.

Figure 2.13 Extension of PMMC voltmeter using multiplier


The value of multiplier required to extend the voltage range, is calculated as under:
Rsc = multiplier resistance (Ω)

Rm = meter resistance (Ω)

Im = Ifs = full scale deflection current (A)

v = voltage across the meter for producing current Im (A) V = voltage to be measured

V = ImRm
V = Im(Rm + Rsc)

Now multiplying factor for multiplier


I/P Voltage Deflection Multiplier O/P Voltage

Sensitivity :-
The moving-coil instrument is a very sensitive instrument. It is, therefore, widely used for measuring
current and voltage.The coil of the instrument may require a small amount of current (in the range of
µA) for full-scale deflection. The sensitivity is sometimes expressed in ohm/volt. The sensitivity of a
voltmeter is given by

where Ifs is the full-scale deflecting current. Thus, the sensitivity depends upon on the current to give
full-scale deflection.

Conclusion:-

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