REVIEWER b.

monomers are linked by β 1-

4 glycosidic bonds
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best c. humans can digest cellulose
answer. d. unbranched
1. Organic molecules consist mainly of e. found in plants
__________ atoms.
a. carbon 6. Which of the following does not
b. carbon and hydrogen belong to group?
c. carbon and oxygen a. Glycogen
d. carbon and nitrogen b. Glucose
e. carbon and phosphorus c. Starch
d. Steroid
2. Which of the following is NOT e. Sucrose
organic?
a. C36H72O36 7. Which of the following is a protein?
b. CH4 a. C36H72O36
c. CO2 b. CH4
d. C123H193N35O37 c. CO2
e. C18H34O2 d. C123H193N35O37
e. C18H34O2
3. The bond that connects the
monomers in a sugar polymer. 8. _____________ groups are the “acid”
a. phosphodiester bond part of amino acids and fatty acids.
b. hydrogen bond a. Hydroxyl (—OH)
c. peptide bond b. Methyl (—CH3)
d. disulfide bond c. Carboxyl (—COOH)
e. glycosidic bond d. Phosphate (—PO4)
e. Amino (—NH2)
4. Which three carbohydrates can be
built using only glucose monomers? 9. The bond that connects the
a. Starch, cellulose, and glycerol and fatty acids.
glycogen a. phosphodiester bond
b. Glucose, sucrose, and b. ester bond
ribose c. peptide bond
c. Cellulose, steroids, and d. disulfide bond
polysaccharides e. glycosidic bond
d. Starch, chitin, and DNA
e. Triglycerides, nucleic acids, 10. Which of the following is a non-
and polypeptides essential amino acid?
a. glutamic acid
5. Which of the ff. does NOT describe b. histidine
Cellulose? c. tryptophan
a. for structural support d. valine
e. lysine
11. The lipid shown in the figure must 15. A denatured protein has lost its
be a? __________.
a. hydrogen bonds
b. function
c. shape
d. all of the above
e. none of the above
a. triglyceride
b. phospholipid 16. ___________ are monomers that
c. steroid form polymers called ___________.
d. wax a. Nucleotides; nucleic acids
e. carbohydrate b. Amino acids; nucleic acids
c. Monoglycerides;
12. The lipid shown in the figure must triglycerides
be a? d. Carbohydrates;
monosaccharides
e. Proteins; peptides

17. ____________ consists of nucleotides.

a. Ribose
a. triglyceride b. DNA
b. phospholipid c. RNA
c. steroid d. a and b
d. wax e. b and c
e. carbohydrate
18. The structure below is a
13. The bond that connects the
monomers in a protein polymer
a. phosphodiester bond
b. hydrogen bond
c. peptide bond
d. disulfide bond
e. glycosidic bond

14. A polypeptide has 137 amino acid

in a sequence and has disulfide
bonds. Which level of organization
has it reached?
a. primary
a. lipid
b. secondary
b. protein
c. tertiary
c. carbohydrate
d. quaternary
d. nucleic acid
e. none of the above
e. none of the above
19. The empirical formula for addition, proteins are digested to
carbohydrates is yield amino acids. What do these
a. (CHO)2 two processes have in common?
b. (CH2O)n a. They are catalyzed by the same
c. 2(CHO)n enzyme.
d. (C2HO)n b. They involve the addition of a
e. (CnHnOn)2 water molecule to break bonds
(hydrolysis).
20. Which of the ff. does NOT describe c. Both require the presence of
DNA? hydrochloric acid to lower the pH.
a. contains genetic material d. Each requires ATP as an energy
b. a type of nucleic acid source.
c. does not have uracil as a e. none of the above
nitrogenous base
d. is double stranded 24. Which of the ff. does NOT describe
e. has a ribose sugar in its RNA?
nucleotide a. Single stranded
b. Have thymine
21. Which of the following does not c. Ribose sugar
correctly match a carbohydrate d. involved in protein synthesis
with its function? e. three types
a. Glycogen is the storage form of
energy in animals. 25. Which of the following occurs when
b. Starch is the storage form of digestion of organic molecules
energy in plants. results in more energy-rich
c. Cellulose provides structural molecules than are immediately
support for human hair. required by the animal?
d. Chitin provides an exoskeleton a. The excess is eliminated.
for insects. b. The excess is stored as starch.
e. none of the above c. The excess is stored as glycogen.
d. The excess is oxidized.
22. Nucleic acids are chains of 5- e. The excess is hydrolyzed.
carbon sugars linked by ____ bonds
with an organic base protruding 26. Which of the following nitrogenous
from each sugar. bases is not found in DNA?
a. phosphodiester bond a. adenine
b. ester bond b. guanine
c. peptide bond c. uracil
d. disulfide bond d. cytosine
e. glycosidic bond e. thymine

23. During the process of digestion, fats

are broken down when fatty acids
are detached from glycerol. In
27. Which of the following generally For questions 31 – 33, please refer to
characterizes lipids? the structures below:
a. polar
b. hydrophilic I II
c. Not polymers
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

28. Two amino acids can be linked by

a dehydration synthesis between
their _______ and _______ functional
groups.
a. amino and carboxyl group
b. hydroxyl and carbonyl group III IV
c. amino and R group
d. carboxyl group and hydrogen
e. none of the above

29. Which of the statements below is

true for anabolic processes?
a. They do not depend on
enzymes.
b. They are usually highly
spontaneous chemical reactions.
c. They consume energy to build 31. Which of the amino acid structures
up polymers from monomers. above is/are
d. They release energy as they hydrophobic/nonpolar?
degrade polymers to monomers. a. I
e. All the above b. II
c. III
30. Which term most precisely d. IV
describes the cellular process of e. III and IV
breaking down large molecules
into smaller ones? 32. Which of the amino acid structures
a. catalysis above is/are charged?
b. metabolism a. I and II
c. anabolism b. II and IV
d. dehydration c. III
e. catabolism d. III and IV
e. none of the above

33. If a cell is to synthesize a protein

bound to function within its cell
membrane, which of the following
 amino acids will participate in the c. Both serine and alanine would
reactions so that only hydrophobic be in the interior of the globular
groups are exposed? protein.
a. 1 and II d. Both serine and alanine would
b. II and III be on the exterior of the globular
c. III and IV protein.
d. II, III and IV e. Both serine and alanine would
e. all of the above be in the interior and on the exterior
of the globular protein.
34. A lipid that has two fatty acid
chains in a molecule, a hydrophilic 37. In the double helix structure of
“head,” and is said to comprise nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen
majority of the cell membrane bonds to
a. phospholipids a. deoxyribose.
b. triglycerides b. ribose.
c. neutral lipids c. adenine.
d. waxes d. thymine.
e. steroids e. guanine.

35. Which type of interaction stabilizes 38. What is the structural feature
the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) involved in the binding of the DNA
pleated sheet structures of double strand?
proteins? a. sugar-phosphate backbone
a. hydrophobic interactions b. complementary pairing of the
b. nonpolar covalent bonds nitrogenous bases
c. ionic bonds c. disulfide bonding (bridging) of
d. hydrogen bonds the two helixes
e. peptide bonds d. twisting of the molecule to form
an α helix
36. The R group or side chain of the e. none of the above
amino acid serine is —CH2—OH.
The R group or side chain of the 39. Oils obtained from plants in
amino acid alanine is —CH3. Where temperate climates are known to
would you expect to find these be healthier than those from
amino acids in a globular protein in tropical countries because ____.
aqueous solution? a. They contain a healthy mix of
a. Serine would be in the interior, saturated and unsaturated fatty
and alanine would be on the acids
exterior of the globular protein. b. They are devoid of covalent
b. Alanine would be in the interior, bonds in their structure
and serine would be on the exterior c. They contain larger proportion of
of the globular protein. unsaturated fatty acids making
them stay liquid even at lower
temperatures
 d. They contain only unsaturated b. degrades molecules and
fatty acids organelles and maintains water
e. They contain only triglycerides pressure.
with FA’s esterified to long chain c. produces mRNA.
alcohols d. stores genetic information.
e. produces energy from food.
40. Which microscope would allow you
to view the details of the external 44. A cytoskeleton is
surface of a bacterium (≈1μm)? a. a structure that aids in the
a. Compound microscope process of cell division.
b. Scanning electron b. found in the cytoplasm of
microscope eukaryotic cells.
c. Transmission electron c. a system of tracks used for
microscope transport.
d. Both A and B d. composed of microtubules and
e. Both B and C microfilaments.
e. All answers are correct.
41. Which of the following statements is
false? 45. Which of the following is NOT found
a. Ribosomes are found in in both prokaryotes and
both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
eukaryotes a. cytoplasm
b. Two of the three domains b. nucleus
contain prokaryotic c. ribosome
organisms d. cell membrane
c. Prokaryotic organisms have e. cytosol
a nuclear membrane
d. Plant cells have cell walls 46. Which of the following is not a
e. Rough ER are studded with eukaryote?
ribosomes a. human
b. mango tree
42. Which of the following roles is not c. insect
performed by the rough d. bacteria
endoplasmic reticulum nor the e. mushroom
smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
a. protein production 47. Which of the following is NOT a
b. lipid production feature found in all cells?
c. detoxification of poisons a. Proteins
d. DNA production b. Cell wall
e. vesicle formation for transport to c. Ribosomes
the Golgi apparatus d. Cell membrane
e. DNA
43. In plant cells, a central vacuole
a. produces protein.
48. What chemical property of a. It is a Prokaryotic cell
phospholipids is key to the b. It is a Eukaryotic cell
formation of the cell membrane? c. Motile
a. The positively charged d. Both A and C
nitrogen atom e. Both B and C
b. The covalent bond
between the phosphate 53. As a resident doctor, you are
and the glycerol tasked to examine the nerve cells
c. The kink in the fatty acid tail of a patient. You have observed
d. The hydrophilic head and that a nerve cell has an abnormal
hydrophobic tails shape. Most likely the cell has a
defective __________.
49. Which of the following do plants a. Cell wall
use to transport nutrients between b. Cytoplasm
adjacent cells? c. Cytoskeleton
a. tight junction d. Nucleus
b. gap junction e. Ribosome
c. plasmodesmata
d. anchoring junction 54. Which of the following organelles
e. cell wall would help you differentiate
between plant and animal cells?
50. All of the following are found in cell a. a nucleus
membranes, except___________. b. a ribosome
a. nucleic acids c. a cell membrane
b. phospholipids d. a peroxisome
c. glycoproteins e. a chloroplast
d. glycolipids
e. steroids 55. What type of cellular junction
prevents stomach acid from
51. Eukaryotic cells leaking into the abdomen and
a. have cell walls with digesting internal organs?
peptidoglycan. a. Plasmodesma junction
b. are usually smaller than b. Anchoring junction
prokaryotic cells. c. Gap junction
c. have nucleiods. d. Tight junction
d. have membrane-bound e. Both C and D
organelles.
e. do not usually have a nucleus. 56. Cyanide binds to at least one
molecule involved in producing
52. “A cell having 3 flagella and ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide,
various membrane bound most of the cyanide will be found
organelles.” Which of the following within the _________.
statements is/are true about this a. mitochondria
cell? b. ribosomes
 c. peroxisomes d. intermediate filaments and
d. lysosomes cytoplasmic streaming
e. vacuoles e. microtubules and chromosome
movement
57. The smooth ER is especially
abundant in cells that synthesize 61. Proteins synthesized by the rough ER
extensive amounts of are
a. toxins a. for internal storage
b. proteins b. to build more membranes in the
c. enzymes cell
d. lipids c. to digest food in lysosomes
e. nucleic acids d. for internal regulation
e. exported from the cell
58. The Golgi apparatus is involved in
a. transporting proteins that are to 62. Which cell would be best for
be released from the cell studying lysosomes?
b. packaging proteins into vesicles a. muscle cell
c. altering or modifying proteins b. nerve cell
d. producing lysosomes c. phagocytic white blood cell
e. all of the above d. bacterial cell
e. red blood cell
59. You are working on a forensics
team and collect cells from a crime 63. Which of the following organelles
scene. The cells have a cell wall are associated with the job of
made of cellulose. This sample most cellular digestion?
likely came from a. Lysosomes and peroxisomes
a. an animal. b. Golgi apparatus and
b. a bacterium. vesicles
c. a plant. c. Nucleus and nucleolus
d. a fungus. d. Smooth and rough
e. an archaean. endoplasmic reticulum
e. Chloroplast and
60. The differences among the three mitochondria
categories of cytoskeletal elements
would suggest that each of the 64. Which of the following is the correct
following has specialized roles. pathway of milk production?
Which of the following is a correct a. DNA→mRNA→ ribosome →
match? RER → SER→ vesicles→
a. microfilaments and the nuclear lysosomes →vesicles→ cell
lamina membrane → milk ducts
b. microtubules and cleavage b. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R
furrow formation ER→SER→vesicles→ GA →
c. microfilaments and ciliary motion vesicles → milk ducts → cell
membrane
 c. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→SE e. The activation energy is
R→RER→vesicles→ GA → raised
vesicles→cell membrane→
milk ducts 68. Photosynthesis is an example of
d. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R a/an ______ reaction.
ER→ SER→ vesicles→ GA → a. Catabolic
vesicles→ cell membrane→ b. Anabolic
milk ducts c. Endergonic
e. DNA→mRNA→ribosome→R d. B and C
ER→SER→vesicles→ GA → e. A and C
vesicles → milk ducts → cell
wall 69. Carbohydrate digestion is an
example of a/an ______ reaction.
65. Building proteins __________ energy; a. Catabolic
ATP hydrolysis _________ energy. b. Anabolic
a. releases; releases c. Exergonic
b. requires; requires d. B and C
c. releases; requires e. A and C
d. requires; releases
e. produces; consumes 70. Which of the following statements is
incorrect about the Plasma
66. How does ATP participate in membrane?
coupled reactions? a. It is a fluid mosaic of lipids,
a. Synthesis of ATP fuels proteins and carbohydrate
endergonic reactions b. It is amphipathic because it
b. Hydrolysis of ATP fuels contains both hydrophilic
endergonic reactions heads and hydrophobic
c. Breakdown of ADP fuels tails
exergonic reactions c. It is the boundary, which
d. Hydrolysis of ADP fuels separates the living cell
exergonic reactions from their non-living
e. Synthesis of ADP fuels surroundings
exergonic reactions d. Contains -three layers of
phospholipids
67. How does an enzyme affect the e. Many molecules cross the
energy of a reaction? cell membrane by passive
a. The activation energy is or active transport
lowered
b. The net energy released is 71. __________ cannot easily diffuse
lowered across a lipid bilayer.
c. The energy of the reactants a. Water
is raised b. Ions
d. The energy of the products c. Gases
is raised d. large molecules
 e. b and d 75. Immerse a human red blood cell in
a hypotonic solution, and water
72. Glucose typically enters the cell ___________.
through which mechanism? a. diffuses into the cell
a. Facilitated diffusion through b. shows no net movement
a carrier protein c. diffuses out of the cell
b. Active transport by a d. moves in by endocytosis
glucose transport protein e. moves out by exocytosis
c. Simple diffusion through the
cell membrane 76. Vesicles are part of _______________.
d. Pinocytosis through a a. endocytosis
channel protein b. phagocytosis
e. Endocytosis through a c. exocytosis
vesicle d. all of the above
73. Which statement represents a e. none of the above
notable difference between simple
diffusion and facilitated diffusion? 77. Imagine that you place a drop of
a. Unlike simple diffusion, red food coloring in a glass of
facilitated diffusion requires water. At first, the red molecules
energy in the form of ATP remain concentrated where you
b. Unlike simple diffusion, the placed the drop, but the color
rate of facilitated diffusion is eventually spreads throughout the
limited by the number of water. This example illustrates
transport proteins in the __________
membrane a. hydrolysis
c. Unlike simple diffusion, b. decreasing entropy
facilitated diffusion can c. osmosis
occur in any type of cell d. diffusion
d. Unlike simple diffusion, e. synthesis
facilitated diffusion can
transport ligands against a 78. Which of the following does not
concentration gradient belong to the group?
e. None of the above a. Endocytosis
b. Phagocytosis
74. A transport protein requires ATP to c. Osmosis
pump sodium ions across a d. Pinocytosis
membrane. This is a case of e. Exocytosis
_________.
a. passive transport 79. An amoeba engulfing a
b. facilitated diffusion paramecium is an example
c. active transport of_____________.
d. a and c a. Exocytosis
e. b and c b. Endocytosis
c. Pinocytosis
 d. Phagocytosis d. autotrophs
e. Diffusion e. green plants

80. ______: cell drinking while ________: 83. In plants and other photosynthetic
cell eating eukaryotes, the light dependent
a. Pinocytosis; Exocytosis reactions proceed in/at the
b. Phagocytosis; Pinocytosis ____________.
c. Pinocytosis; Phagocytosis a. thylakoid membrane
d. Endocytosis; Exocytosis b. stroma
e. Active transport; Passive c. plasma membrane
transport d. cytoplasm
e. mitochondria
81. How does ATP relate to membrane
transport? 84. In the thylakoid membranes, what is
a. The movement of a the main role of the antenna
substance down its pigment molecules?
concentration gradient a. split water and release
through transport proteins oxygen to the reaction-
requires the hydrolysis of ATP center chlorophyll
b. The higher the b. harvest photons and
concentration of ATP in the transfer light energy to the
cell, the more permeable reaction-center chlorophyll
the membrane is to water c. synthesize ATP from ADP
and small, nonpolar and Pi
molecules d. transfer electrons to
c. A cell uses the energy in ATP ferredoxin and then NADPH
to transport substances e. concentrate photons within
against their concentration the stroma
gradient
d. Digestion produces a high 85. The reaction-center chlorophyll of
concentration of ATP photosystem I is known as P700
outside the cell, and the because
ATP enters the cell via a. there are 700 chlorophyll
facilitated diffusion molecules in the center
e. a and b b. this pigment is best at
absorbing light with a
82. In any ecosystem, terrestrial or wavelength of 700 nm
aquatic, what group(s) is (are) c. there are 700 photosystem I
always necessary? components to each
a. autotrophs and chloroplast
heterotrophs d. it absorbs 700 photons per
b. producers and primary microsecond
consumers
c. predators
 e. the plastoquinone reflects 90. ATP: __________ whereas, NADPH:
light with a wavelength of ___________
700 nm a. Electron source; energy
source
86. What accumulates inside the b. Water source; electron
thylakoid compartment of source
chloroplasts during the light- c. Food source; energy source
dependent reactions? d. Light source; proton source
a. Sugars e. Energy source; electron
b. O2 source
c. hydrogen ions
d. CO2 91. Which of the following sequences
e. Water correctly represents the flow of
electrons during photosynthesis
87. The oxygen released during (from light reactions to carbon
photosynthesis comes from the reactions)?
___________. a. NADPH → O2 → CO2
a. Splitting of water molecules b. H2O → NADPH → Calvin
b. Splitting of carbon dioxide cycle
molecules c. H2O → photosystem I →
c. Formation of ATP photosystem II
d. Formation of glucose d. NADPH → electron transport
e. Combination of oxygen chain → O2
atoms and high-energy
electrons 92. What is the primary function of the
Calvin cycle?
88. Light-independent reactions in a. use ATP to release carbon
plants proceed in/at ____________ dioxide
the of chloroplasts. b. use NADPH to release
a. thylakoid membrane carbon dioxide
b. stroma c. split water and release
c. plasma membrane oxygen
d. cytoplasm d. transport RuBP out of the
e. nucleus chloroplast
e. synthesize simple sugars
89. In the light-dependent reactions, from carbon dioxide
_______________.
a. Carbon dioxide is fixed 93. Which of the following does not
b. ATP and NADPH form occur during the Calvin cycle?
c. Carbon dioxide accepts a. carbon fixation
electrons b. oxidation of NADPH
d. Sugar phosphates form c. release of oxygen
e. Oxygen is fixed d. regeneration of the CO2
acceptor
 e. none of the above 98. Assume a thylakoid is somehow
punctured so that the interior of the
94. Which of the following are products thylakoid is no longer separated
of the light reactions of from the stroma. This damage will
photosynthesis that are utilized in have the most direct effect on
the Calvin cycle? which of the following processes?
a. CO2 and glucose a. the splitting of water
b. H2O and O2 b. the absorption of light energy by
c. ADP, Pi, and NADP+ chlorophyll
d. electrons and H+ c. the flow of electrons from
e. ATP and NADPH photosystem II to photosystem I
d. the synthesis of ATP
95. _____________ is the first stable e. the reduction of NADP+
product of Calvin cycle.
99. What does the chemiosmotic
a. Short-lived intermediate process in chloroplasts involve?
b. Glyceraldehyde-3- a. establishment of a proton
phosphate gradient
c. PGA (Phosphoglycerate) b. diffusion of electrons through the
d. RuBP thylakoid membrane
e. Oxaloacetate c. reduction of water to produce
ATP energy
96. How many carbon dioxide d. movement of water by osmosis
molecules are needed to produce into the thylakoid space from the
1 glucose? stroma
a. 2 e. formation of glucose, using
b. 3 carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP
c. 4
d. 5 100. Pores on the leaf surface that
e. 6 function in gas exchange are
called
97. Which of the events listed below a. plastids.
occur in the light reactions of b. xylem cells.
photosynthesis? c. phloem cells.
a. NADP is produced. d. stomata.
b. NADPH is reduced to NADP+. e. trichomes
c. carbon dioxide is incorporated
into PGA. 101. The ________, in the chloroplast,
d. ATP is phosphorylated to yield contains photosynthetic pigments
ADP. in its membrane.
e. light is absorbed and funneled to a. granum
reaction-center chlorophyll a. b. mesophyll
c. chlorophyll
d. thylakoid
 e. stroma

102. Oxidation-reduction reactions

a. transfer electrons from one
molecule to another.
b. are not used by living cells.
c. transfer protons from one
molecule to another.
d. reduce the amount of oxygen in
the cell.
e. increase the amount of oxygen
in the cell.

103. Which of the following occurs

during the light-dependent
reactions of plants?
a. electron transport
b. chemiosmosis
c. splitting of water
d. all of the above
e. none of the above