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Science is important because it influences most aspects of everyday life,

including food, energy, medicine, transportation, leisure activities and
more. Science improves human life at every level, from individual comfort
to global issues.
Everyday applications of scientific knowledge, apart from the ubiquitous
technology people constantly use, are many and diverse. An understanding
of solar radiation can prevent a painful sunburn, an awareness of inertia is
part of safe driving and a grasp of number theory and statistics saves
money on lottery tickets.Beyond these pedestrian applications,
internalizing the scientific method as a regularly used mental tool preserves
calm when exaggerated crime statistics are quoted on the news. The
openness to novel concepts encourages exploration and discovery, while the
skeptical demand for evidence helps safeguard its practitioners from
unscrupulous people asking for money, favors and votes.
Science also has the ability to comfort its adherents and promote good
behavior. It was the modern understanding of genetics, for example, that
revealed how closely related all humans really are. Science has lifted up the
human spirit by teaching its students hidden truths and inspiring feats of
technical genius.
Science is the explanation of the laws and the answers of the existence of
anything. There are some laws which are always working and that
mysterious force gravity is among them. If you jump, you’ll fall down. It
doesn't make a difference whether you're a decent or awful individual.
So also, there is science in all that you do. It clarifies "why" and if
you get to know “why” in everything you do, you’ll know more
than you knew.
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If you want to know the “why” for any question then science is what you
need. Science is important in our daily life because it gives us a sense of life,
the answers we may not find anywhere else. It explains the structure of
anything and their beginning.
Everything around us is related to one science or another. From your body
to your mind to every atom of everything visible to the eye or those things
we cannot see. How amazing is that? Science is simply the way we explore
our existence and, by observation and testing, deduce the natural laws by
which all things operate.
As our ability to observe increases through technology we are also
discovering that the assumptions science has made in the past are not
necessarily as accurate as we previously assumed. It is an ongoing study of
the world and the universe as we know it.
 It Turns dreams into reality .
Scientific knowledge allows us to develop new technologies, solve
practical problems, and make informed decisions — both individually and
collectively. Because its products are so useful, the process of science is
intertwined with those applications: New scientific knowledge may lead
to new applications.
The process of science is a way of building knowledge about the
universe — constructing new ideas that illuminate the world
around us. Those ideas are inherently tentative, but as they cycle
through the process of science again and again and
are tested and retested in different ways, we become increasingly
confident in them. Furthermore, through this same iterative
process, ideas are modified, expanded, and combined into more
powerful explanations. For example, a few observations about
inheritance patterns in garden peas can — over many years and
through the work of many different scientists — be built into the
broad understanding of genetics offered by science today. So
although the process of science is iterative, ideas do not churn
through it repetitively. Instead, the cycle actively serves to
construct and integrate scientific knowledge.

Science has improved our lives in many dimensions. From healthcare to

food and from transportation to entertainment our lives are literally
lightened up by the advents of science. I would be listing few of them down.
1. Electrification of our Lives: Anyone can attest that electricity
has changed our lives forever. We are now able to live on very
difficult, otherwise unlivable places due to this. Our daily lives are
not imaginable without the use of this great science wonder.
2. Improving crop production: with the advancement of crop sciences,
soil sciences and genetics we are now harvesting several times more
then our great-grandparents used to cultivate.
3. Enhancing Meat Sources: Before the innovation of broiler
chicken breeds eating meat was considered as a luxury among the
even middle-class folks. Now we can fulfill our protein needs thanks
to science.
4. Better Communication: My father got the news of his father’s
death after 3 days. And now we can see live events even from space
and beyond. Certainly, science got the credit for enabling my
grandmother to talk to me live from her home.
5. Miraculous Healthcare: Previously humankind was plagued by
a plethora of diseases. One could have died from tetanus or could
get crippled with polio. Thanks to science we know viruses and
bacterial diseases better and able to cure many of them. Our life
expectancy is greatly improved globally as so did the survival of
newborns.
6. Improvement in Transportation: Advances in science enabled
us to improve our mode of transportation from horseback to steam
engines to oil revolution to now battery powered commute.
Progress in this typical area permit the happening of globalization
and rest is just the history.
7. Computer Computers have changed our lives just as much as
electricity. And without computer sciences modern post-2000
world is unfathomable.
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the branch of technology that deals with dimensions and tolerances
of less than 100 nanometres, especially the manipulation of
individual atoms and molecules.
Nanotechnology is rapidly becoming an interdisciplinary field.
Biologists, chemists, physicists and engineers are all involved in the
study of substances at the nanoscale. Dr. Störmer hopes that the
different disciplines develop a common language and communicate
with one another [source: Störmer]. Only then, he says, can we
effectively teach nanoscience since you can't understand the world
of nanotechnology without a solid background in multiple sciences.

One of the exciting and challenging aspects of the nanoscale is the role that
quantum mechanics plays in it. The rules of quantum mechanics are very
different from classical physics, which means that the behavior of substances at
the nanoscale can sometimes contradict common sense by behaving erratically.
You can't walk up to a wall and immediately teleport to the other side of it, but
at the nanoscale an electron can -- it's called electron tunneling. Substances
that are insulators, meaning they can't carry an electric charge, in bulk form
might become semiconductors when reduced to the nanoscale. Melting points
can change due to an increase in surface area.

So what does this all mean? Right now, it means that scientists are
experimenting with substances at the nanoscale to learn about their properties
and how we might be able to take advantage of them in various applications.
Engineers are trying to use nano-size wires to create smaller, more powerful
microprocessors. Doctors are searching for ways to use nanoparticles in
medical applications. Still, we've got a long way to go before nanotechnology
dominates the technology and medical markets.

the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes,

especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of
antibiotics, hormones, etc.

Biotechnology is the use of biological systems found in organisms or the

use of the living organisms themselves to make technological advances
and adapt those technologies to various different fields. These include
applications in various fields from agricultural practice to the medical
sector. It does not only include applications in fields that involve the living,
but any other field where the information obtained from the biological
aspect of an organism can be applied.

Biotechnology is particularly vital when it comes to the development of

miniscule and chemical tools as many on the tools biotechnology uses exist
at the cellular level. In a bid to understand more regarding biotechnology,
here are its types, examples and its applications.

Medical – vaccines,antibiotics

Agricultural – pest resistant crops

Applications of Biotechnology

1. Nutrient Supplementation

One of the biggest uses of biotechnology is the infusion of nutrients into food in
situations such as aid. Therefore, it provides food with heavy nutrients that are
necessary in such situations. An example of this application is the
production Golden Rice where the rice is infused with beta-carotene. The rice has
Vitamin A, which the body can easily synthesise.

2. Abiotic Stress Resistance

There is actually very little land on earth that is arable with some estimates place it
at around 20 percent. With an increase in the world’s population, there is a need for
the food sources available to be as effective as possible to produce as much food in
as little space as possible. There is also need to have the crops grown to be able to
make use of the less arable regions of the world.

This means that there is a need to develop crops that can handle these abiotic
stresses such as salinity, drought and frost from cold. In Africa and the Middle
East, for instance, where the climate can be unforgiving, the practice has played a
significant role in the development of crops that can withstand the prevailing harsh
climates.

3. Industrial Biotechnology

The industrial applications of biotechnology range from the production of cellular

structures to the production of biological elements for numerous uses. Examples
include the creation of new materials in the construction industry, and the
manufacture of beer and wine, washing detergents, and personal care products.

4. Strength Fibres

One of the materials with the strongest tensile strength is spider webs. Amongst
other materials with the same cross sectional width, spider webs can take more
tensional force before breaking than even steel. This silk has created a lot of
interest with the possible production of materials made from silk including body
armour such as bullet proof jackets. Silk is used because it is stronger than Kevlar
(the material most commonly used to make body armour).

Biotechnological techniques have been used to pick the genes found in spiders and
their infusion in goats to produce the silk proteins in their milk. With this initiative,
it make production easier as goats are much easier to handle compared to spiders
and the production of silk via milk also help make the processing and handling
much easier compared to handling the actual silk strands.

5. Biofuels

One of the biggest applications of biotechnology is in the energy production sector.

With fears over the dwindling oil resources in the world and their
related environmental impacts, there is a need to protect the globe’s future by
finding alternative environmentally friendly fuel sources. Biotechnology is
allowing this to happen with advances such as using corn to produce combustible
fuel for running car engines. These fuels are good for the environment as they do
not produce the greenhouse gases.

6. Healthcare

Biotechnology is applied in the healthcare sector is the development of

pharmaceuticals that have proven problematic to produce though other
conventional means because of purity concerns.

Types of Biotechnology

1. Medical Biotechnology

Medical biotechnology is the use of living cells and other cell materials for the
purpose of bettering the health of humans. Essentially, it is used for finding cures
as well as getting rid of and preventing diseases. The science involved includes the
use of these tools for the purpose of research to find different or more efficient
ways of maintaining human health, understanding pathogen, and understanding the
human cell biology.

Here, the technique is used to produce pharmaceutical drugs as well as other

chemicals to combat diseases. It involves the study of bacteria, plant and animal
cells to first understand the way they function at a fundamental level.

It heavily involves the study of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) to get to know how
to manipulate the genetic makeup of cells to increase the production of beneficial
characteristics that humans might find useful such as the production of insulin. The
field usually leads to the development of new drugs and treatments, novel to the
field.

Examples

 Vaccines

Vaccines are chemicals that stimulate the body’s immune system to better fight
pathogens when they attack the body. They achieve this by inserting attenuated
(weakened) versions of the disease into the body’s bloodstream. This causes the
body to react as if it was under attack from the non-attenuated version of the
disease. The body combats the weakened pathogens and through the process takes
note of the cell structure of the pathogens and has some cell ‘remember’ the
disease and store away the information within the body.

When the individual becomes exposed to the actual disease, the body of the
individual immediately recognizes it and quickly forms a defense against it since it
already has some information on it. This translates to quicker healing and less time
being symptomatic.

The attenuated disease pathogens are extracted using biotechnological techniques

such as growing the antigenic proteins in genetically engineered crops. An
example is the development of an anti-lymphoma vaccine using genetically
engineered tobacco plants made to exhibit RNA (A similar chemical to DNA) from
malignant (actively cancerous) B-cells.

 Antibiotics

Strides have been made in the development of antibiotics that combat pathogens
for humans. Many plants are grown and genetically engineered to produce the
antibodies. The method is more cost effective than using cells or extracting these
antibodies from animals as the plants can produce these antibodies in larger
quantities.

2. Agricultural Biotechnology

Agricultural biotechnology focuses on developing genetically modified plants for

the purpose of increasing crop yields or introducing characteristics to those plants
that provide them with an advantage growing in regions that place some kind of
stress factor on the plant namely weather and pests.

In some of the cases, the practice involves scientists identifying a characteristic,

finding the gene that causes it, and then putting that gene within another plant so
that it gains that desirable characteristic, making it more durable or having it
produce larger yields than it previously did.

Examples

 Pest Resistant Crops

Biotechnology has provided techniques for the creation of crops that express anti
pest characteristics naturally, making them very resistant to pests, as opposed to
having to keep dusting them and spraying them with pesticides. An example of this
would be the fungus Bacillus thuringiensis genes being transferred to crops.

The reason for this is that the fungus produces a protein (Bt) which is very
effective against pests such as the European corn borer. The Bt protein is the
desired characteristic scientist would like the plants to have and for this reason,
they identified the gene causing Bt protein to express in the fungus and transferred
it to corn. The corn then produces the protein toxin naturally, lowering the cost of
production by eliminating the cost of dusting the crop with pesticide.

 Plant and Animal Breeding

Selective breeding has been a practice humans have engaged in since farming
began. The practice involves choosing the animals with the most desirable
characteristics to breed with each other so that the resulting offspring would also
express these traits. Desirable characteristics included larger animals, animals more
resistant to disease and more domicile animals, all geared to making the process of
farming as profitable as possible.

This practice has been transferred to the molecular level with the same purpose.
Different traits are selected among the animals and once the genetic markers have
been pointed out, animals and plants with those traits are selected and bred for
those traits to be transferred. A genomic understanding of those traits is what
informs the decisions on whether the desired traits will express or get lost as
recessive traits which do not express.

Tools and devices have been developed by man for millenia – tools such
as levers, plows, hammers, etc. Tools to facilitate and improve agriculture,
hunting, and other aspects of daily living. Those who invent these tools do
so with the intention of the tool fulfilling a specific need or type of need. All
nice and good so far.

But… along comes other persons who, with their ill intent and active
imagination, fashion other uses for these tools, either as new long-term
uses, or as point-in-time uses. Tools that are used to build or shape can be
used to destroy or harm. A rope can be used to lift a man to safety or be
used to hang him.

Modern technology is no different. Personal computers can be used to

create useful data or to destroy it, to build valuable software or malware.
Technology – whether high tech, low tech or no tech – does not and can
not discern the intent of the user. It simply obeys. Whether we’re talking
about high technology or stone tools, the technology just does whatever it
does, blindingly obeying because it has no conscience or self awareness.

In simple terms, technology is a lever to amplify a man’s will. A lever can be

used to move a heavy object; a computer can be used to rapidly calculate
or communicate. How technology is used is up to the person using it:
technology can be used to amplify a benevolent will and accomplish much
good, or it can be used to amplify a malevolent will and do much harm.

The use, or misuse, of technology, continues to be a human issue that is

not easily discerned by even intelligent systems. Take, for instance, anti-
virus programs, firewalls, intrusion detection systems: they are designed to
repel ill intent, but the perpetrators of ill will are always one step ahead. As
long as evil is permitted to exist in the world, it will always find a way. It is
up to the rest of us to do the best we can to be prepared and do what we
can to minimize risk.

People with disabilities meet barriers of all types. For

years, disabled people had to rely on somebody else doing
things for them. But now with the help of assistive technology,
disabled people can do things that would have never been
possible before - from switching on a light to having a voice to
express themselves. Technology has always lent a helping
hand for people with disabilities such as visual impairment,
speech impairment, people with motion disabilities or
disorders etc. There are a lot of apps and gadgets that can
help ease the difficulties people with disability face on a daily
basis. Moreover, technologies that could help disabled people
contribute more in the workplace - and improve their quality
of life. Some examples of assistive technologies are:

 People with physical disabilities that affect movement can

use mobility aids, such as wheelchairs, scooters, walkers,
canes, crutches, prosthetic devices, and orthotic devices,
to enhance their mobility.
 Hearing aids can improve hearing ability in persons with
hearing problems.
  Cognitive assistance, including computer or electrical
assistive devices, can help people function following brain
injury.
 Computer software and hardware, such as voice
recognition programs, screen readers, and screen
enlargement applications, help people with mobility and
sensory impairments use computer technology.
 In the classroom and elsewhere, assistive devices, such
as automatic page-turners, book holders, and adapted
pencil grips, allow learners with disabilities to participate
in educational activities.
 Closed captioning allows people with hearing impairments
to enjoy movies and television programs.
 Barriers in community buildings, businesses, and
workplaces can be removed or modified to improve
accessibility. Such modifications include ramps, automatic
door openers, grab bars, and wider doorways.
 Lightweight, high-performance wheelchairs have been
designed for organized sports, such as basketball, tennis,
and racing.
 Adaptive switches make it possible for a child with limited
motor skills to play with toys and games.
 Many types of devices help people with disabilities
perform such tasks as cooking, dressing, and grooming.
Kitchen implements are available with large, cushioned
grips to help people with weakness or arthritis in their
hands. Medication dispensers with alarms can help people
remember to take their medicine on time. People who use
wheelchairs for mobility can use extendable reaching
devices to reach items on shelves.
 Photovoltaic solar panels absorb sunlight as a source of energy to
generate electricity. A photovoltaic (PV) module is a packaged,
connected assembly of typically 6x10 photovoltaic solar cells.
Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of
a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in
commercial and residential applications.
  A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power;
most installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system
typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules, an inverter,
a battery pack for storage, interconnection wiring, and optionally
a solar tracking mechanism.
 The most common application of solar energy collection outside
agriculture is solar water heating systems.

Green Technology: What it is and its benefits

Green technology is an encompassing term. It deals with using science and
technology in order to protect the environment. A lot of techniques fall
under this term such as the use of green chemistry, environmental
monitoring, and more. All of these things have to deal with making sure that
the environment remains protected. This technology is used to breathe life
back into a damaged ecosystem. It is also referred to as environmental
technology or clean technology.
The main goal is to conserve nature, and to remedy the negative impact
that humans have on it. Since the 1990’s a lot of focus is being put on
green technology. It offers a lot of benefits to not only nature itself but also
for a clean and greener human lifestyle. Human beings need Earth to stay
alive. This technology ensures that the Earth remains healthy for all life to
continue existing.

Coming to the benefits of Green Technology, here’s a list of them!

Recycling
Green technology helps manage and recycle waste material. It allows it to
be used for beneficial purposes. This technology is used for waste
management, waste incineration, and more. A lot of recyclable material has
allowed individuals to create plant fertilizer, sculptures, fuel, and even
furniture.

Purifying of Water
Green technology purifies water. The scarcity of pure drinking water is a
major concern. Through the use of various technologies a lot of campaigns
have been successful in providing people with clean drinking water.
Purifying the Air
Dealing with carbon emission is another focus. While the human race is
improving in terms of various technologies. The automobiles, factories, etc.
are emitting a lot of carbon that is detrimental to the planet. Green
technology helps to reduce carbon emission and purify the air. This allows
people and other living things to breathe properly.

Conserving Energy
Energy is being conserved through the use of such technology. Alternatives
to devices that use a lot of electricity or fuel are being introduced to the
public. The use of electric cars is on the rise, especially in the UK. People
using environment friendly devices and appliances is encouraged. While
installation of such devices, namely solar panels, might be expensive for
some people the benefits it offers with regards to reducing bill expenses
are tremendous.

Rain water harvesting is a technique of collection and

storage of rainwater into natural reservoirs or tanks, or the infiltration of
surface water into subsurface aquifers (before it is lost as surface runoff).
One method of rainwater harvesting is rooftop harvesting.

In India, the quantity of “e-waste” or electronic waste has now

become a major problem. Disposal of e-waste is an emerging global environmental
and public health issue, as this waste has become the most rapidly growing
segment of the formal municipal waste stream in the world.(1) E-waste or Waste
Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) are loosely discarded, surplus,
obsolete, broken, electrical or electronic devices.(2) In India most of the waste
electronic items are stored at households as people do not know how to discard
them. This ever-increasing waste is very complex in nature and is also a rich
source of metals such as gold, silver, and copper, which can be recovered and
brought back into the production cycle. So e-waste trade and recycling alliances
provide employment to many groups of people(3) in India. Around 25,000 workers
including children are involved in crude dismantling units in Delhi alone where
10,000–20,000 tonnes of e-waste is handled every year by bare hands. Improper
dismantling and processing of e-waste render it perilous to human health and our
ecosystem. Therefore, the need of proper e-waste management has been
realized.(4) It is necessary to review the public health risks and strategies to
combat this growing menace.

The hazardous nature of e-waste is one of the rapidly growing

environmental problems of the world. The ever-increasing amount of e-waste
associated with the lack of awareness and appropriate skill is deepening the
problem. A large number of workers are involved in crude dismantling of these
electronic items for their livelihood and their health is at risk; therefore, there is an
urgent need to plan a preventive strategy in relation to health hazards of e-waste
handling among these workers in India. Required information should be provided
to these workers regarding safe handling of e-waste and personal protection. For e-
waste management many technical solutions are available, but to be adopted in the
management system, prerequisite conditions such as legislation, collection system,
logistics, and manpower should be prepared. This may require operational research
and evaluation studies.

Mechatronics, which is also called mechatronicengineering, is a

multidisciplinary branch of engineering that focuses on the engineering of
both electrical and mechanical systems, and also includes a combination of
robotics, electronics, computer, telecommunications, systems, control, and
product engineering.
There is immense scope for this course of mechatronics engineering
in the present scenario. This is a stream of engineering which has high
scope in various industrial applications. The main advantage after the
completion of this course is that one can not only work in the field of
mechatronics, but has equal opportunities in the other areas such as
electrical, systems, computer engineering etc. This is a field which can
be applied in many of the areas –

 Transportation and Vehicle Systems

 Telecommunication and Data Communication Networks
 Power Devices
 Medical Mechatronics systems
 Heavy Engineering and Manufacturing Systems
 Energy Devices
 Consumer Products
 Computer Techniques in Medical, Bio imaging and
Technology Systems
 Computer Aided Design
 Computer Aided and Integrated Manufacturing Devices
and Systems
 Biomedical Systems