Module-1 (Human Ecology)

Name: ARCELY D.
ARMONIDAD
Course: HUMAN ECOLOGY
Module 1: The Ecosystem

Activity 1.
Kindly answer the following questions without necessarily copying the reading text.
1. What is ecology?
ECOLOGY is the scientific study of how living things interact with each other and their natural
environment. The word ecology is the combination of two Greek words; “Oikos” which means,
home and the “Logos” which means knowledge or study. Ecology addresses the complex and
diverse relationships of living organisms with their environment from various perspective.
2. What is human ecology?
HUMAN ECOLOGY is the study of the relationship between humans and their natural and built
environments. Human values, resources use and lifestyles affect the physical environment.
3. Differentiate the two types of ecology.
ECOLOGY is divided mainly in two branches, which are AUTECOLOGY the branch of ecology that
discuss about the relationship of an organisms to its environment while SYNCECOLOGY discuss
and focused at understanding the interactions of groups of organisms or species within a
community.
4. What are the levels of organization that ecologist are mostly interested to study?
The different levels of organization that ecologists commonly study are species, population,
community, ecosystem and biome.
Species – a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Population – a group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same
area.
Community – an assemblage of different population that live together in a defined
area.
Ecosystem – all the organisms that live in a place, together with their physical
Environment.
Biome – a group of ecosystems that share similar climates and typical organisms.
5. Please fill up the chart below as the first column requires:
Population Community Ecosystem
a. Organisms There would be an different populations,
involved competition in Sharing of habitats different species, are
habitat competing for the
same resources
b. Relationship Changes in living creatures in a interact in cycles

With Non living environment may habitat affect the defined by daily life,
Environment affect the survival non-living elements time and the seasons
(present or absent) life. within the
community
c. Give an example two organisms have plants can affect soil The ecosystem’s
the same survival chemistry or certain cycle
need like same algae can influence
source of food both water chemistry
organisms are going
to fight two have that
same food supplied
leaving the other with
a limiting factor of
food.
Activity 2.
Don’t forget to answer this activity before proceeding to the next topic
1. Define an open system.

OPEN SYSTEM is defined as a system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting
import and export, building-up and breaking down of its material components.
2. Give an example of an open system.
Example of an open system is a living organism such as human being. We actively interact with
our environment, which results in changes to both the environment and us. Example: “We
eat to acquire energy.”
3. Define a cybernetic system.
CYBERNETICS is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems- their structure,
constraints, and possibilities. Cybernetics includes the study of feedback, black boxes and
derived concepts such as communication and control in living organisms, machines and
organizations including self-organization.
4. Give another example of cybernetic system aside from what is given in the reading text.
Examples of cybernetic system is Automated teller Machines, Photocopier machine, laminated
and scanner machine and post- harvest facilities.
Activity 3.
How well did you understand ecosystem? Will you test yourself by doing this activity? Please do this
activity before studying the next lesson.
1. What is an ecosystem?
ECOSYSTEM defined as a natural functional ecological unit comprising of living organism (biotic
community) and their non-living (abiotic or physiochemical) environment that interact to form a
stable self-supporting system.
2. Give the two components of the ecosystem and give specific examples by filling up the table
below.
Abiotic components Biotic components

A. Weather A. Plants
B. Earth B. Animals
C. Sun C. Organisms
D. Soil D. Human
E. Climate E. Reptiles
3. Can you draw a diagram of an agro-ecosystem? Remember the components of agriculture and
how these can illustrate an agro-ecosystem.
Activity 4.
Review some important concepts learned from previous lessons.
Answer the question before going to the next lesson.
1. Enumerate the physical structure of the ecosystem

A. Tundra – is a type of biome where the tree growth in hindered by low temperature and
and short growing season.
B. Biota - the plant and animal life of a region.
C. Rainforest – forest characterized by high rainfall, with annual rainfall in the case of tropical
rainforest.
D. Evapotranspiration – the process by which water is transferred from the land to the
atmosphere by evaporation from the soil and other surfaces and by
transpiration from plants.
2. Give an example of a vertical stratification in an aquatic ecosystem. Draw a diagram below:
3. Describe the different biological structures of the ecosystem.
A. Living Organism – from small to big share characteristics that separate them from the division in
nature that do not exhibit life, like rocks and soil.
B. Plants-provide all energy for the ecosystem, because they can get energy directly from the
sunlight.
C. Animals-concerns the relationships of individuals to their environments, including physical factor

and other organisms.
D. Microbes-live in all parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water.
Prepared by:
NENIA N. BOHULANO, PhD

Professor, MRD 212-Human Ecology
Note: please email to [email protected] as soon as you had done answering this module.

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Name: ARCELY D.

Course: HUMAN ECOLOGY

Module 1: The Ecosystem

b. Relationship Changes in living creatures in a interact in cycles

1. Define an open system.

Abiotic components Biotic components

1. Enumerate the physical structure of the ecosystem

2. Give an example of a vertical stratification in an aquatic ecosystem. Draw a diagram below:

3. Describe the different biological structures of the ecosystem.

C. Animals-concerns the relationships of individuals to their environments, including physical factor

D. Microbes-live in all parts of the biosphere where there is liquid water.

NENIA N. BOHULANO, PhD

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