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Java Technology

Java was developed in the early 1990s by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems as an interpreted programming language with a virtual machine to enable portable code. It was designed with goals of being simple, secure, distributed, object-oriented, robust, portable, and high-performance. The Java platform includes the Java programming language, a virtual machine, APIs with thousands of predefined classes, and development tools. Java has evolved through many versions and is now widely used to power over 2.5 billion devices worldwide.

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64 views3 pages

Java Technology

Java was developed in the early 1990s by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems as an interpreted programming language with a virtual machine to enable portable code. It was designed with goals of being simple, secure, distributed, object-oriented, robust, portable, and high-performance. The Java platform includes the Java programming language, a virtual machine, APIs with thousands of predefined classes, and development tools. Java has evolved through many versions and is now widely used to power over 2.5 billion devices worldwide.

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Java Technology

 Java Programming Language


 developed in early 1990s by James Gosling et. al. as the programming language
component of the Green Project at Sun Microsystems
 originally named Oak and intended for programming networked “smart” consumer
electronics
 launched in 1995 as a “programming language for the Internet”; quickly gained
popularity with the success of the World Wide Web
 currently used by around 5 million software developers and powers more than 2.5
billion devices worldwide, from computers to mobile phones
 Java Programming Language
 design goals
– simple: derived from C/C++, but easier to learn
– secure: built-in support for compile-time and run-time security
– distributed: built to run over networks
– object-oriented: built with OO features from the start
– robust: featured memory management, exception handling, etc.
– portable: “write once, run anywhere''
– interpreted: “bytecodes” executed by the Java Virtual Machine
– multithreaded, dynamic, high-performance, architecture-neutral
 Java Platform
 Java Virtual Machine, or JVM: a virtual machine, usually implemented as
a program, which interprets the bytecodes produced by the Java
compiler; the JVM converts the bytecode instructions to equivalent
machine language code of the underlying hardware; compiled Java
programs can be executed on any device that has a JVM
 Java Platform
 Java API
 Java Application Programming Interfaces, or Java API: large collection
of ready-made software components that provide many useful
capabilities; latest version has almost 4000 predefined library classes in
it, organized in packages
 Java API
 Examples of Java API Class Library Packages
– java.lang : basic language functionality

– java.io : input and output capabilities

– java.util : utility classes, collection classes

– java.net : network access

– java.sql : database access

– java.awt : graphical user interfaces (old)

– javax.swing : graphical user interfaces (new)

– java.beans : reusable components


 Java Platform Tools and Utilities
 javac - compiler
 java - bytecode interpreter (JVM)
 appletviewer - runs applets without a
browser
 jdb - debugger
 javadoc - documentation tool
 jar - archive utility
 Version History
 May 1995 : product launching
 Jan 1996 : JDK 1.0 (initial release)
 Feb 1997 : JDK 1.1
 Dec 1998 : J2SE 1.2 (a.k.a Java 2 Platform, codename Playground)
 May 2000 : J2SE 1.3 (codename Kestrel)
 Feb 2002 : J2SE 1.4 (codename Merlin, first release under the Java
Community Process as JSR 59)
 Sep 2004 : J2SE 5.0 (a.k.a. Java 5, codename Tiger)
 Java SE 6 (codename Mustang, JSR 270, released late 2006)
 Java SE 7 (codename Dolphin, released 2011)
 Java SE 8 (released 2014)
 Java SE 9 (released 2017)
 Java SE 10 (released March 2018)
 Java SE 11 (released September 2018)
 Java SE 12 (March 2019)
 Java SE 13 (September 2019)
 Java Platform Editions
 J2SE, or Standard Edition

– basic Java platform development


 J2EE, or Enterprise Edition

– development of distributed multi-tier applications for enterprise-scale use


 J2ME, or Micro Edition

– development of applications targeted on resource constrained devices such


as cell phones, PDAs, and other appliances
 Types of Java Programs
 stand-alone applications
 applets : small Java programs embedded in web pages and designed to
run on web browsers
 servlets : applications that provide dynamic content capabilities for web
servers
 portlets : pluggable user interface components used in web portals
 MIDlets : applications designed to run on Mobile Information Devices
such as cell phones and PDAs

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