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    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Table 4.11: Effect of Pressure On Relative Viscosity Thickening

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    Sheensky V. Salasa
    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) is a type of lubrication that occurs in rolling contact elements like bearings and gears. [1] It differs from classical hydrodynamic lubrication (HD) in that it takes into account the influence of pressure on elastic deformation and changes in lubricant viscosity. [2] Under high pressures, the lubricant's viscosity increases significantly from its bulk value due to molecular interactions, generating a thicker fluid film than predicted by HD. [3] EHL supports loads through three mechanisms: elastic deformation of surfaces, viscosity thickening with pressure, and hydrodynamic effects.

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    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Table 4.11: Effect of Pressure On Relative Viscosity Thickening

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    Sheensky V. Salasa
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    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) is a type of lubrication that occurs in rolling contact elements like bearings and gears. [1] It differs from classical hydrodynamic lubrication (HD) in that it takes into account the influence of pressure on elastic deformation and changes in lubricant viscosity. [2] Under high pressures, the lubricant's viscosity increases significantly from its bulk value due to molecular interactions, generating a thicker fluid film than predicted by HD. [3] EHL supports loads through three mechanisms: elastic deformation of surfaces, viscosity thickening with pressure, and hydrodynamic effects.

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    06Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication(04)

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    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) is a type of lubrication that occurs in rolling contact elements like bearings and gears. [1] It differs from classical hydrodynamic lubrication (HD) in that it takes into account the influence of pressure on elastic deformation and changes in lubricant viscosity. [2] Under high pressures, the lubricant's viscosity increases significantly from its bulk value due to molecular interactions, generating a thicker fluid film than predicted by HD. [3] EHL supports loads through three mechanisms: elastic deformation of surfaces, viscosity thickening with pressure, and hydrodynamic effects.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    40 views4 pages

    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication: Table 4.11: Effect of Pressure On Relative Viscosity Thickening

    Uploaded by

    Sheensky V. Salasa
    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication (EHL) is a type of lubrication that occurs in rolling contact elements like bearings and gears. [1] It differs from classical hydrodynamic lubrication (HD) in that it takes into account the influence of pressure on elastic deformation and changes in lubricant viscosity. [2] Under high pressures, the lubricant's viscosity increases significantly from its bulk value due to molecular interactions, generating a thicker fluid film than predicted by HD. [3] EHL supports loads through three mechanisms: elastic deformation of surfaces, viscosity thickening with pressure, and hydrodynamic effects.

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    Elasto-Hydrodynamic Lubrication

    In rolling contact elements (bearings, gears), generated fluid film is minutely small slightly
    greater than irregularities of the surfaces, but serve much longer than predicted by mixed
    lubrication theories. Increased viscosity under the action of extreme local pressure leads the
    generation of thicker film.

    Many times using only classical hydrodynamic lubrication theory predicts a negligible fluid film in
    high-pressure non-conforming contacts such as exist in rolling element bearings and gears, but
    on considering the influence of pressure on both elastic deformation and lubricant viscosity, a
    significant oil-film thickness becomes possible. It is interesting to note this difference between
    elastohydrodynamic lubrication(EHD) and hydrodynamic lubrication(HD) occurs as HD is based
    on the assumption of a fluid continuum , while EHD shows significant increase in local (limited to
    few molecular thickness) viscosity compared to bulk viscosity.

    Pressure Viscosity Relationship(Barus Relation) :

    • According to the Barus relation, lubricant viscosity increases with pressure.

    • Barus Relationship: η = η0 exp(αp)

    where

    η = fluid viscosity at pressure p.

    η0 = fluid viscosity at ambient pressure.

    α = piezo-viscous coefficient.

    α for oil ~ 1 - 2 * 10-8/pa

    • Using Barus relation, the effect of pressure on viscosity thickening is listed in Table 4.11. This
    is important in lubrication of heavily loaded concentrated contacts. At high pressure, the
    molecules take considerable time to re-arrange themselves, following pressure change. This
    means viscosity thickening takes sometime, and it does not happen instantaneously.

    Table 4.11: Effect of pressure on relative viscosity thickening.

    Elasto - hydrodynamic Lubrication :


    In addition to viscosity thickening under mechanical load, every surface gets deform. The applied
    lubricant gets dragged into the interface and builds pressure. For example; rubber seals, gear
    teeth. Film pressure is greater than 10 MPa is sufficient to deform the tribo-surfaces by sub-
    micron to micron level. Fig. 4.36 shows elastic deformation of rubber under load. On relative
    motion, lubricant is dragged and builds pressure and supports more load.

    Fig. 4.36: Elastic deformation of rubber.

    In other words, three mechanisms help to support the load under elastohydrodynamic
    lubrication.

    - Elastic deformation of tribo-surfaces.


    - Effect of increase in viscosity with pressure.
    - Hydrodynamic lubrication.

    To get first hand experience on elastohydrodynamic lubrication, experimental studies on brass


    and acrylic bearings(Table 4.12) were performed.

    Table 4.12: Material data of brass and acrylic bearing materials.


    Fig. 4.37: Experimental setup.

    Fig. 4.38: Acrylic bearing.

    Experimental study on soft & hard bearing materials :

    Experimental setup used to test soft(Acrylic) and hard(brass) bearings is shown in Fig. 4.37.
    Loading lever with appropriate weights was used to displace submerged(Acrylic or Brass) bearing
    relative to fixed vertical shaft. A photograph of acrylic bearing is given in Fig. 4.38.

    Experimental results are tabulated in Table 4.13.


    Table 4.13

    The results of Table 4.13 clearly demonstrate the advantages (low friction coefficient and low
    values of maximum pressure) of Acrylic(soft) bearing compared to Brass(hard) bearing. Based
    on these results it can be said that design goal must be "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication".

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