10. Two-Port Network 101 INTRODUCTION ¢ o ‘Ah oworport network i special ease of multiport network. Each pon arm termials, one for entry and the other for ext. From the det 02, Some ntwokconsetel () & O stp th cent at entry saul to ht at te et emia ofa dies hee port) ferent Tat wacom the network, show in saving i seni) network, Insc cate, ‘oct desertion snot pose wich external conecions can be made. ‘ering gf oo tion is ot posible. \CTERIZATION OF LINEAR TIME-INVARIANT 1o— |} 03 Syo-PORT NETWORKS sep cre ined ng 103 By alo wih tain aon ofthe pots Cormally te pot beled 11) called the inpat : : wi cet other (labelled port 2-2) is termed the output pot 2. The ables are par currents and ort Yue, Wi he tandard references ern. 103. Exeralaetwos that maybe conscted atthe laput and ‘er port are called terminations. |: . iL vig 101, Sx terial atork externa connections are made to the exis ae ae eee ach pir of terial oF terminal ni te remot une tor vet om, newark and gui serie Sf a seieraal network of Fig 1. i shown a5. 2 an Maria) aod. verport system i Fi. 1020), Hes, system io Fig fon ret be made exept atthe ports show, os Sistbe made so tht the ste current ene i Tents the network trough the second fr Teese betwen the par of terminals that sonstite te Po. ee be sferencebetnec the two types of mule shown 102 Ta Fp 102(b, oe ofthe eaials of eh In many applications, lg. 10.3,° tworport network with standard referee diretions for volages nnd arrests «tre to esr the elnsip among he port alge SoS ‘vlmrmal-por, as may Use equation rege Se STS Hs fou tmepi two ines eats requ amon Ds OR Shs Hoey the coke of two “independent and tn depending TS "ase of convenience in 2 givenappltion. Refersng bey Monto all he ports, Then, the port voltages are’ the S86 9 voltages ofall but one terminal, ie, relative to 61h terminal, Susba8@%] isl ase of an n-port network, there ill be 2n voltage and current vari wean eae er giauaded mttport syste: 18 OA py gp umber of Ways in wiih hese variables can be areanged ato oof eae Is ea to the oumbe of ways i which 2 hin 9 9 Tor a two-port network, this would be 6 Fi l02 theres no such denied commoo-eround tem oa cnrnt convention ia Fg 103. the terminal-pur kind, all other kinds of external connect fhitoon “asia Tae, wit— Ao SRTWORAS AND. STNTRN Ietaihind he tot aetwork PH 1, tha a TOME val dhe wlhter anf evtents a the apt ant At Pty gt hg Input a Py. fy Ee pa. Mer, ony two pe Mtge Peds seinen conyscrnet PPANCH PARAM u port voltages In terme ing OF (40-portcutreate w ue My hy Weta ” " (i “lp 4 » ERE I Vim Zalit Zu Table tL Roh Paronetirs ‘ Mm 2ulh a o om %y — ~ P aun Th al [ cet divine pat impedance with he etpt port open cuted Opens impedence m7, 3 | [ h ] end taser impedance with the output pot open ete, Storecimetadninaose 7 f 24-5 hae ; a tennse transfer impedance with the input port open-ircuited. Taeiaios Cet | f ¥, | h Zant] | " {eaapst driving point impedance with input port open-cicited, Seve season (F) a “in order to deere the opensreut impedance parameters of 2+ pants ope the iopot port and exe output pon wibe Keows voles % fest V,sothat Y= V, and f= 0, We determine land ¥, 10 btn 2a nla 2, Tes the output port isopen circitedand the ioputportiscased wh eee | i [ wl tzevtige source V,. Then, Vi= V, and fy 0. The circuit is analysed to | Yeti: J and Vy, 40 480 obtain Z, and Ze 4 ‘The equivalent circuit representation of Eq. (1) is in Fig. 104(a), where Nowe Wife Un) SMe | Yah alah 7, ae eurtent-contoled voltage sources (COVS). Foon Ea. (1, Vir ay — 2h allt 1) Y= Cy ZN Cu ~ Zidlat Zallt @ ‘Me ewivalnt veut given in Fig. 1.5). TT Seay a Tha whic, te diners mets of desertion comes a evitenen when the problem is synthesizing or doin nat Wis, watching nehwtee, ware haping netones ad many ole ‘ Sepabesiing» nator fon 4 epee xppleatio, Wat nom yn fr Maloy an Sym : ch tran x wungliated puberty sana past, Te dee eld tb repro Ite al of the response Gin rare syed ae ted vejratly an then pi untat Wanstoray fs Fovarlant to an Tn(erchinnge of the postions of the vere pasnurt ate desig ae ve whl bs wl tespange in the networks + cst wins lh Nhe ign decrngiaitn, Vi "a ae Fate uth srs of nad engustvn vA Vpn nen ca er ey rbea tn gretr equaent he el OE og Fe TA gore ance Nrcare © ty Coreperding one goer eas e{-(t EE ot L_ i: 125g ston unin = Vids a "Tila taka i vsti? ain Fig. 12506, share port 1 and apply wotage sure Ye Teen nek & ‘ht + Bale os whi + Zaks Hae, vi oe "Feats Compsing and th nin of reciprecitybeooes Sty cio pone su ont pits eo Pe oh i Na eee ae eae be a tate en Peeps camera yea nittnce ig ret ‘tev trae, Yq = Mhon merWONIS 1D TSTMS inion parameters or chain parameters on rework io Fig. 10.3 can be writen ax Vim M+ BI) h=Che+ D1) fed a ie fn form, ‘smtic % a rN 0h, (a) Too ea esi of the inert eer i a kd oh seont rout sAanittanen wactions (a cones pr ep et tat fis considered outward. Hence, the vepative Rewieg Fa.) representation is Hon + Yah — Taka Pd valuoa yranetoy oe” us hh On ~ Yast nt Tua Yoda VO “The equivalent creitrepresatation is ven in Fig. 10.56)- WAA Copfition for Reciprcity and Symmetry Ie the network i recpres, then the ratio ofthe response tasforo citation trensform would not vary if we interchange the postion ‘citation and response in the network, ‘As shown in Fig 10,5(), voltage V, FTahin Mt impedance wth he enn end sort iret Teo-Per Neterk 39 al a ® Ya" Tye fap go the iterchang of postions of exchaton sof resyey sot seit pe 0, aM 20d =I, holy oun le. ai titan peta at is fi ; If Als Hat, wot Yar het i cn ? Wate ree te again 1.0) 8 Dering V pe ° ‘Te egies IO peepee ws te WONG CORTON ed exe, hig, eiition of principle of reciprocity, the fey F tee Yale Tal ae 7 12 $e pould be eau, which leads to the come 20d sides of ns Mog | 58 1%) should be ea Jatt to the conden et moi ‘orpat network is sid to be syemc fait ERO he orto ed cana se ce Currents, andthe condition ‘or ABCD-parameter equation © is — Jy instead of fy, The negative sign ia this case arses frome indicates that erat (~ h) is leaving port 2. For cascade connection, transmissionTwont Hebwrk seme annie PALI of 9p = se bans of Voge teats x ahown gel? P07, ung en srt wit Meat meg amy sn aot he ess ent NETH erentece ) Leste reve AWSt conto or Restos an a pt ot ve sg utes C0 © URAt Cometic ta he reco, use the plocipal OF teelyroniy, ” seen ety ek Uh Ne ese Ma ate ny peo WHE S il-[e ll Then MN nd = ss Yen Bh h 1 or ays = 8 1o———| tay: gang te poston ssa. and eH TA ogy t " ‘ Tekh aT ant hy =e 7 srw the tani pratereuatons Bsome i |. nas Bh ae + f lg, 10.14, Yparmete eu ‘ute cet ot Example 1 ‘By Cramer's rale, at pot 2400 APY 8 vole source oxi Ten. BY KVL, the et eens Le CE] (2).a8 show ia De writen in mate fas tee 5 haga nada Keno ; 2-24 Ys = Lot om, tea port 2 and apply vl : logs suc 1 (my) at po Soni 1130), By KViy te msh sion cn towes (IC | = 3BA, haa lbA i Vee Lvl, yO q om hl Bohm da nh| ws Shire Hence, the short-circuit admittance parameters are given bY 3/8 1 m= 18 718, ‘The Y-parameter equivalent circuit is shown in Pig 10.14 Since Tog You. the network Us reciprocal and as Yn 7 Yo not symmetric. (il) From the definition, Cramer's rule, al, Meir, the newt) [permORKS AND SYSTEMS jon parameters ean be written as tbe transmission 7 apy [2 el-bs > vee oetwor epoca, and 4 2) = |. the ner may be verified from Table 102,33 Hesee, i Since (AD — work is not yume “n resmission parameter of the networ Determine the tr ” ork ) toss.) Newoce of Bansle2 re (@). (@) Ciroaits for measuring transmission parameters ‘Te wassnission parameter equation is Vu~ Aly Bh h=Chs—Dh : To scive dead C, st =O a8 a Fig 10.15b). The KCL at waeeiz— (hegi)nie(-f) = eaesin (Ens (Lene) nno ‘Solving by Cramer's rule, = ER ETT = "= are MRT ait pe) Tro-tort Nawork 435 Me ‘ A= Fi heg = Pte S 4 - C— Filan AUR MotyIR + joc)— YR 0 a8 in Fig. 10.15), Note that © has been h=(1R+ Yjotyy, Yak 1+ Rio 3. A transistor in middle fre Determine its h-parameters, Aad hy 404 Pyy tet Vy = O a8 i Fi. 10.16(0). Theo, KCLat node a: Ay = ah $sCV. + VaR, Wea fom ale shy + Bb bam P| gE Oa Re re 116 for fos KCL sade sin Wy = ely + SCV + lay ea I= shy $ 2CRML, + 1+ + I) quency range is represented in Fig. fray fy = 0 a5 in Fig. 10.16). Input is open. Note that the ‘ource current is zer0, Thea ——.— Poor Hoon 93 mY a ters of Zeparametern, the cong fara the condition for symaneg tie foe “yl tion for sym fo wedprty i yn 41" lations, we obtain the metry Iy tons, we obtain the conton for teh BY Zy m lon for mmety on, fetta 9,2 fom parameters Is frm of tronanay jar zea of tonntnion prance 6 Zfetninprante exson ee Vem AY + Bly : fm Oh + fy ng tb seond equation, 0 on (2)4+ (B) omic bags ig, = Ke YB, ~A[(e) 44 Qa]-m, cults of Beample 3 Zh + Zul 1016) Ci Fig 1.16) Screws for measuring hpransten O.0 slac set of paraseters whit te isto find on0 partic i Parsant wil, Thea the transformation f Te the A-parameter can be made easily, ‘The alternative solutior individual may be more com’ particular set of parameters 109. INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARAMETERS 109.1. Zeparameters in Terms of Other Parameters TeespreseZ-parameters in terms of otber parameters, M -Pparameter equation and then, by algebraic ms 2 cop have to wit nin Vay, +B (-1) tment egi TO Mm(B)4+ (A) meat + 2h | "eran na [Bus (Ears (8 Py Yd) = My I) ( Zeparameters in terms of Y-parameters Since (zen i, BI, 2h + Zaworks AND SYSTEMS 1 ar’ ase NT + SF and Zu Be Proton Netvrk 457 ‘qhus, the condition for symmet 71 Bema, wh on tu nen eels fam Bw a ikea F-pncameters In Terms of Other Py ete aT recpnoety 97” Hs ar the condition top 4 1095 coe T-Paramcters in (ems of othe ete veo Pie cee ann timc an owt te tee he cations a 9. by slachrac manipulations Gud=Ay vy y pmicler Interns of Zparameers sn terms of hybrid paren (n) Zarate ations a rat 8 ; mens Vy hah bal he vnc tneun pew wo 80 [' eet vam (-fs) + (bez a Ct hea ye hal hats tute ha [(—F) a(R) 4] Ne yn 2 hs) 4%, (ju) ne tater Za Zula ZyZ, eo Intecns of parameters, the condition for ey {ames fr mney shares on ys By at aa has he i) onometere tn terms of trum o> Bepamete tn tems of the mers ld parecer atanucton uate cnaMmsstonparaetery et nl pacts of evans are _ Waren Meat mony hee Hh st eatin, 6a) Gl) eta tn hoon -o(- 4 nA (x) SCH) emia Reyne sarin \ Aan, Meal mes) (i) Ue) (Bf) ae ante lowe Lye tyne ric Mona, Barges Ham ON By Yas pe Yan ni tu APS (DR) fw whore Rata Bat oo Wop we a— TroPort Mena 439 ems ofthe vanwision parasite the cong ‘Toasters of to aii for syomely Is A= rameters ters oft city wD BC = 130 Yar terms of inverse savers hybrid parameter equating Parameters A= bait ful, ¥, a= tals + enh, senting the second equation, “te)no(g ames i terms of inverse arash POrmctrs fssion equations are ynAVit BBD Bache CW fH GP inven ase a(t (-B) OE + at tain BERN them att al (tay, ( ee ee) “Cr vennery ybere, 38 = Buhes — Six * Se ne, n= 88, Hac, ; (3) ne rant tah Yum is, a £8 Yqm En y,- tt Heoee, aa ‘sia ems ofthe inverse hybrid par mI fu and the condition for symmmons ye S2Aition 7 fo yma ag = *Psicy an BC) Terms of Othe Paramete whete ters in terms of other sar austin and then, by ge beater, inverse transmission parameter, the condition for ep ta terms of the 5 7 SO aa ‘= 1, and the condition for symmetry is a city is AD! B'C Cd =S0y 1) cers in terms of hybrid parameters () ronmisslon parameters inte . 8 saan ve Tezpameter equation ag 2Perometers 1 pybrid parameter equations are Vy = high + has nog 12h + 2 Aye hah + bas Ss eiig the second equation, ewig te fit equation, nef) rain teh (2) +(-B) Vat Vaal ( Teac Hence, fy Bt ondition fo where a Fety 4p Ta terms of parameters, hullsy — huh = symmetry and hy = — ha isthe condition for eeiPrO=i- ao F symmetry A= a yeametry A =D leads to Zy=Zy, and the condition ~BC=1 leads to Zy=Z,y in Zparameterrepreseata-oe EIS Se — Oe P Pa : ameters in cere of ¥ gq Trasmision pa erro XS 4D SESTEMS equations aE etait ha alt Yat Yeparameter Rewriting the second equation, Assia, rit Tae ree (—P) CW H+ D9 a aY=%ata— Yaka ay Hence, on ~ and p= a cxity AD — BC ‘The condition for recip ‘toadition for symmetry A =D leads to Yar = You ee CRE IL Lie ‘The transmission parameter equation is (fe lL) Again, from Eq. (16), Ys a 8" | h -c OD’ Note that the currents in th is are of opposite direction. Leads to ¥, “Transmiaslon parameters in terms of inverse transmission parameter, mr ¢ transmission and inverse From the equivalence of Bas. (H TworPort Network 461 {i » {& a zs x cl-[e ar BP, oe AT = 4:0'— wer oe esl BME the conition fy peri AD BC = pamsslon parameters interme 1) ri parameter equation are Fam halt hy, TYmMeey as A’ DY, and that for °f hybrid parameters ros cond equation, n-(-# a= Yay 2d ee Tabas hy rendition for reciprocity is oe ‘hg and the condit oe dition for symmetry is |Q) Tesmision parameters in term of i ters in ferms of inverse hybrid parameters (i | Yeovese hybrid parameter equations are hawt sul Yam ewvst Baal My + Bh) \ he, AS tak bat 4nd pate 5 C= Et and Da Ae Ba ka rsTeor Nemork 463 tor epost fin =~ F0" BE CONEg de _ vo for iro, sin pnts Tr f Ot arty ype = 094 tre Tm et amet 8 er ert it ba . To expres ie int Mig, parasmeter equation and the, yt are anisio aramci n Yo et ee as 8 rs face taboo 2 tnn prone uation as, (Fe ary ot spanipolations rev Oe WW ld ers transition parmeter in ers of Z-parmeters ‘Fhe Z-parameter equations ere 7 Vy = Zh + Zale Vya Zh + Zale ie transmission parameter equatio % a ing tbe above equation, ("] Rewsting the frst equation, (d)n+ Fa) Asia, Y= Zah + Zale= Zul Zal (zs) n+ Bo 4) Ws + DIN) vm ~ (6 pfe op i oe D a 1 condition for reciprocity. i rdecree u rly, the condition for symmetry 4 =1] the Z:parameter representation. Si Previous equation are due to the currents rear ese scene! by weiss Ca) terse rnsnsion parameters in terms of Yparameers * “Te Ypurancter equations are :. [: | ao parent co Dd le~r ae 1a Tals + Yale AT = AD~ Rewriting the fist equation, a 9 toe transmission parameters in Mitotane equations ag OM prance role ates Yalan Yat Fa (rl Salt (“BC Yuta Vy hh, + bye Tym aly + hha Ain, 1 te ttt st equation, = ()% + (Hs) means wtp_ Ea | fatale + als Trosort Network 465 | wycomens een Be ee lot | os ols c=} o =f Zan) + (2A) Masha + ha, where Ahaha — ha ha. foeige “The condition for resirocty is hy = — Max a0 TBE condition metry ish = 1 Oy pq, he conditions for reciproiy Mood Zn = Zam tepestivey, Mt MIMEry oy mea rasan parameters in terms of ler¥® brid parang, can be obtained as spe iverse hybrid parameter equations are ho gals t Bale 9 ection weed Me Parameters fh paneer uations are Yam Saba + Bah N= Vals + Yat, rg tein I na(-B)n+(-z)Cosen tom antigen, ( ‘ r= ()u+(-B) Ante, y= sal + tole eats + tn [(—£2)+(-2 =(-2) n+ -£) (19 SAV, + BK) me torternt (Bron oF) +(e) ag fc &u and D' = —— Heme, d= — EBB Cm oD eal ee AY = YasYar = YusYan 1 Y, where Ag = fn fn — fu 80 ee, = sy 7 J Sa While the condition fe Yr 2a ye % ‘bove results, the condition fo 7" or for eit hy he contion for mnt Ah el en tot “The condition for reciprocity is ix metry is Bg = 1. From th y= Typ aad t — hig leads to 1095 Hybrid Parameters in Terms of Other Parameters oe ‘To express the hybrid parameters in terms of other paramete, wi corresponding parameter eqUation and then, by algebraic: manipoltfoo ty ‘write the equations as : Woh) = fly 9 brit parameters int ia ters in terns of transmission paramelers tmsbission parameter equations are y= AYy+ 1) A= CV, + D1) = (-5) (5) natan rier Meares an=ar,—al(—b) a+ (Sr) = (o)4+ (9) n= AT = AD~ ac, | (D)_ Hiybrid parameters in terms of Z-parameters ig he second equat ‘The Z:parameter equations are Y= Zu + Zul ¥,= Unk + Zale Rewriting the second equation, ya (za) bata + basservers 4x0 SYST a By a8 many me he S tao Be ha=ae —D a Hesse, = La ytd recy OTs 14H WE egy, gameity =P ers transsonParamet exes inte of rs Ci) pel Pore praaeer equations re gree tractissio® ny BC nat BM) oo si vy sion for rsprolly it Zy, = Zi wile the coy reso dition for symmetry i ‘i tion, ewig he ft enon ere hybrid pararters in terms ofthe Vtansmieg v= (8) Prue ean salon parameters Na Yat + Yul, he Yahi t Tal eng te second equation, (“ins HNN t Yaa Yuh, + ral(- Fa) =() (32) jen rim e[(S) 4 2 (-8E) + (G) ha hat ares 9c Fagot tech eS ro) BC, wile te a a bere Henze, A ‘The condition for reciprocity 18 4' symmetry A’ =D’. we Ve=Zaly+ Zale r-onae[()is(2)u]en + (— 22) at maa Rewriting the first equation, id parameters ay , ¢o) yd parameters in terms of inverse hybrid parame tes oe 2% eye Fo, god fy hg) [tn Sa | tld tole a Yep faye [ . 5 ie, AY = Yule YoY, : where bg=fnbe— Sul amaty 8 Yau = Yayo is Yx= Yq and the condition for 1086 Taverse Hybrid Parameters in Terms of Other Parameters Mi} ners Hybrid parameters in term: aa aaeiped parce intros of ater paaaete wel Mtnamision parameter couatory a {Mmm parameters ! onrepondog parameter equation, Then by algebraic manipulation ; re the equation as A= AV, th) | Uy Y= Sn 1D H+ DR) (0) overs hybrid parameters i terms of Z-porameters Toe Zparameter equations are na44()acd | 4 A) 5 fast Gals { Y= Zh +Zah :ap SYSTEMS ar, NETWORKS. 1 OF, swag and a3 He, fw EH a Obvious symmetry is = P. yb parameter in terms of inverse transmission the condition for reciprocity is AT = 1 and thy = con lo erat 7 =A 4 BM) =CVs + D(Hh) Resting the second equation nea ten (7) ) (2) +(B) nana ea ie “| sews Obviously, the condition for reciprocity is AT” — 1 and the conde tx symmetry is 4’ =D’ 18) averse hybrif parameters in terms of hybrid parameters a fe] Pha Mey Now, ae = Be ed Lia Me where B= hale — hay Allthe relationships amon the diffrent sets of parameters ate sua Table 102, It may be noted that the equivalences involve a festot Table 102 Comertion of Parameters Mx = sy, fg _ tag ah x= (4%n — Xan) here x represents any one of the parameters: Z, Y, 7, Ts 6 ‘The conditions under which a two-port network is reipross Table 10.3 for six sts of pacameiers, Also tabulated are the cond bch passive reciprocal two port network is symmetrical in the ‘le ports may be exchanged without affecting the port voltages 404 ae ciel ton sa 1 tess of——— Tro-Port Network AML he ah aha ah3 say NETWORKS AND SYSTENS on Une heh Paste TWorprt Ne ove conn Unde oh Pa cnr le — 0 erent fa an sere ne NOrKS. oni weal ig We PO ihe network No, the tr ot th transmis eS” ——— ition ty roe | of etre Cention tm ae i. a Ur]-[e yp 4 lle a]f] ae emi for tb vor My user! [ "| 4's - MIT | “ ty (% all zi) a umn tbat th E2644 connection can by. oo Gan be made, wt ae hi connection requires | oo INTERCONNECTION OF TWO-TORT NETWORKS lie hy oy | eae Maeprt sewer, wih some Gee of COME, cant N=Ve Mone aa from simpler wo-port atworks whose Ports Sf lerooneel a) ye overall transmission p wand Ven y, ‘Raye: Conversely, a two~-port network can be designed by comb fe written in the marie ame of the 7 aa eve as ulin locks. From the designers pot perronis AND SYSTEMS reat " % Ms ” ow gee) Nemeth for Example 2 Fie HOI. (Slat etwork ale extaing ney ()-[6 FI (D Voe + Zh) OMe + Vb Ye] fl Za] Pe seam TL TE] A BY Tl % lem eel ‘Referring to Fig. 10.168 forthe network Ni Yu = a= (1) Yu + 0(—1p) Je ta=() vo +-m9 Referring to ai i sb. IE Te-Port Network 415 - 10.18(6) For the netwo pos 9 8 tk Ne, ay gia, for verifeation, transmission Fig 10.18(4) are obtained as in expres aeons identical sections of the network showa io Fig. 1019 are reat Spare, eansmsson parameters of the resulting cial Vealy ‘cet by ditect calcula oa Parameters of the T circuit shown in sion (19). Hence, its verified. “h Fis. 10.19 Caseaded network of Example $ "eensniston parameter equations ean be wien as a Vom Ave BI) L=CV,+D(-I) Be tana “Buayie 1 “08 Parameter of each section bas already been determinedoverall cascaded network are jon parameters of the is ‘The transmission (eK ee 2 For verification Fig. 10.19. ‘open-circuit port 2, i. set fp=O and apply a voltage tours y Let us open-circuit port 2, ‘voltat port | of Fig. 10.19. The mesh equations can be written as p3a-1 0 07 FAI a -1 5-2 O1]n ° 0-2 5 4 e oo shly o Now let us short-clreuit port 2, ie, Vs FY volts at port 1. The mesh equation ean be written a8 by direct calevlaton, the easeaded RetWOrK is thong 0, and app a vote Penton Retvork 477 3-10 oy ray By + 5-2 offal fy 234i tal7 |, oar allay [, % wt ro of ste the transmision parameter matrt isin the foom [ ] 8 w e olla 3] (0 Gatcade connection of two-port netw: iter representation fecthenetwork N, ia Fig, 10.20, thei ‘anarit form can be written as ‘ork with inverse transmission para- ‘verse transmission parameter equations "102 Cucadedsevock with lve tnnmition pn Pe] IL for the network Ny (]- [5 fai,— yp srsre0 sp NETWORKS 4 lon ca fe a, . “ att cseadecamstian HF MEGC andy saint ; vest wet | “h als Mee i RV ceciaiion pe 88 ona as form as a ‘J Ae le Pl les series Connection 10.22 for network No, ‘ eee Fen Eananeelianca| eae bares eel ba ma leat: : aa cascaded two-port networks is simply the matrix pr ‘mission parameter matrices for each individual two Ly br of tH on params oduct ofthe ingeae Port network in eg ~ rae Exawte 6. The network Ne network Np in Fig. 10.21. Det combined network. in Fig, 10.10 is connected incaseade i termine the inverse transmission param: iy hy Fig, 10:22. Series conection ” of tmo-port networks Seily, for network Ny, vl Ee fe the individual networks. ‘eit interconnection requires that - Fig, 1021. Network Np of Example 6 Be tyo network i jaf Pate te nature of For the network Ns, the inverse transmission parameters are gi} Example | and for network Ns, we get Ne has ho hes he hy a + Vaby Vom Vea Vos © MSV Vim Gushe + Zila) + Zasha+ Zashs) te = Case + Zh + Case Zale Yet Fan Zale + Zl) + Cash} Zaha) = Cast Zuh + Cnet Zadla oben the Zparaieters of the sree-consctd combinedfs evo" Tooter Nemork 464 F 4 : e te? i 1A | where | wo Zu Zane + Zu Fi 1024. Networks of Bea oy Li ea beat aleulation, the sei = Te opel impedes ntwors- Tn sul my Be neat dest eneulatin, te sre connection ofthe gen setwork gts the ing sriesco mks eoonected in series. The overall Za ined vet work, ig. 10.246), ber of two-part nets rks ly the tay Fo pombe of twaor Be port networks smyth sum of Re eo ET a Fe ae ea TD of tvo-pon oe A od 7 there wl ea cFCURTINE cures in oop au 1 of port 2 will nt be equal to the current learn other terns ‘n103. Parallel Connection eit 10.25, for network N, the Y-parameter equations are ‘Condition for series convection fr two-port networks owe in Fig 10 bination 8 Fe Fie. 1025. Paral connection fia= Yaaaet Yin Ian Yast Youn for network Ns, nce ty YasVan + Yoon Jay = Yass + Yess connection can be made, which requires that Via Vin = Vass Vas aw Fo hat io y heat hs Exaunte 7, Two identical sections of the network sh ae connected in series, Obtain the Z-parameters of the com! by direct caleulation, ‘The Z-parameters of cach section are 2y 230,22, =10 ant Zy=3 So, the Z-ptramelers ofthe combined series network aFe 1 2y=60,Z.=Zy=20 and Zp 6M Tei, r = that the parallelj nerioRss sain hee easton . 1 lie Yl) + O50 nt Tay Ne gt allt Mint Ya peat ln a Yel + eal + Yay = Olna t Va + Cane + ae someters of paralle-connestod combined DELWOrk jg iy Ra i form's : Wh Ya Ya] [he {") - Jun) bra Yes Le, ae Yap Yat Yon Yas Yoo + Yoo Yap Ya + Yo nd Yam You Yow “The short-circuit admittance-parameter representation is useful ia cay, wing parllebdonnected two-port networks. The result may be gneatal Jeviny pumber of two-port networks connected in parallel. The one, ‘Fpunaeter mattis for paralle-connected tWo-port nctwork is singly sana matrices ofeach individual two-port network connected in pane, ff ‘Asin the previous case ia order to connect two networks N and ¥ paral they ust satisfy certain conditions. Let ports 1 and I” be cosa together and let ports 2 and 2 be short circuited individually, as shor | Fip. 10-26, The shor circuits are employed because the parameters chance ising the individual two-ports and the overall two-port are the shorts | admittance parameters Then, the condition under which two networks cane Jw coaneced ip parallel is thet Ve—0. Similar arguments will hold goo fx srie-paallel and parallel-series connections, j Saal, for network Ns the Y-parameters ar Yue = 30 Yaw = Ya Ye = 30 20 The Fparameters of the combi . ‘the combined network connected in pacallel are = Yu = Yuu + Yow = 60 You = Yana + Yas = 40 Mia = Yi + Yin = 40 Ow "eet Yan = Yana + Yous = 60 ni ion by direct calculati . 4 Pe 02s) ‘ect calculation, the parallel-connected network is i 1026. Contos for paral! connection of two-portnetwot sg BOE never oa as falar 8 shown in Fig. 10.28) fom which Y-parameters wee 8. Two ideaial sections of the network shown io Fe: cnnected in parallel, Files 80 Yu =-49 2a a YSTEMS TwoPort Neamik 485 “au NETWORIS AND New = Yam Vae 4 Vy : ha het hy ; two : ed meat (% eGuaonin mats fora, the ' yameters of the combined rE connected in ‘eries-parallel fashion can | ten ia a [ " - [ fy *) 4 Fig 028!) Peele ome neork of Example i, ta ead Ly, reat non y fn Ia) Da hae a + asta, Siar Come fe tad Ltn thaw hae gs Van = hash + hae ‘is result may be generalized foray oumber of tor 2 Port netmorks whose a= hale + Pn ppt at conned i eres ad ouput porsureaheanneaeags oe ‘Wottcy, tor network Ne hs te el perce be obalcd by Sng sng Ree o iieiaye made ofthe corresponding individual setworks eine Suu 9, Two identical section ofthe network shove in Fig. 1010 ae iy = haaln + haPow zi smeied in series-par Ahurutng that the series-parallel conoection can be made, th input prs parle, They conntcted in series while the output ports are connected ia paral Th Connections require that el fashionas in Fi antlers of the combined network. ‘The hybrid parameters of the individual network of ipa] i: 10.10. Find the overall hybrid Fig. 1030 are Vis Viet Hs Fig. 10. Setie-pralll connectionNETWORSS n ae ae conten, (ove Syd prac iting be £90 eQU0D8 in mati io For set ple ado of bed parame OT avidul mage Pg ork comected in parler (on™ S7armtr ofthe coms wt ete ee etn Berne i on ca ema s the tyb WY fen au 33 17% 1377 aes |; ] - [ ‘ fp Ma) tla as | a a4 bee sally [ ap al ts 481" Lay * ba 4 [i “| = fe teu, tia, soos ParalleSeres Connection oe a to) ew tn pean Nein Fe 103 Bah Iie = Buel + Ble Vem Beale + Bales ‘Similarly, for network Noy Jy = 8.09 + Bunks Ver Buin + Sathy Fe ee he ene ate Paamelet® ofthe corresponding inivide perscne? EY aie junit 10. Two identical seetions ofthe Beet ia parallel-sries fashion shown in Fig. 10.10 are feanees of he combined network, ‘overall inverse hybrid T asthe input Admittance With the ouput part ope f tt opencicuited, i, netivork Determioe the A, oh, The inverse hybrid matrix of the network ie be ono [or » wl . ' : 1 in Fig. 1031, Paale-seriescosnetion fe *). [ SH) =I) ps7 ay i 2 thay "5 that the parateLseie connection can be made, conecconit | Ltn oJ Lay ga] * [yy al ff | , Yea te Me t= 57 | hahetly mate connections ae showa ia Fig 1032 hit states foo 7 | te tem te Scotti of any number of woot ators, the Zan eats oa race be networks tate to bo added N= Ie hy = (SueVan + Seale) + (aslo + Bi anal 00eton of any number of to-port networks, the Y-para ~ (Gn + Bu) Ys + C+ Ba) Frenette networks have to be ada, “ x ing org 2naeetion of any number of to-port networks, the tan Po Vy AVG = CaoVie + Braaie) + Baan + 80) in 4 ot Va = a) + 8 'ette transmission parameter atries have to be mld ae + B00" + (te + Beay ee Twntort Natok a9] caret Ws add tre i Maanforter of Io 1 en The appreach fs ssply to put eh or a5 pt el ote ca of i of the port so a ’ aon Puralel consection and sties connec sre tit iseusion on the ioe Fae gene oe cS eae9 wget rors, ne ; conan lating transformer. In proposing rte eno aetworks a6 inlreonnectl we have asad thas aking Be Bee on vl © natuee of the networks themselves. ve via 133. Parsereconneton of Example g any number of {80D ay set eomnecion 0 ot emer ve tte ge, separate or onoection of any aumber of {WO-POr eetggiy 5, For paral Srl the aetworks have to be added. 4 ppt 4. For series-Pat oter-connection 10.6. Permisibiity of erecanection cannot be maie ws wd ‘When it found tbat a partcslt Fig. 1038, Network of Example 11 1 ‘he network equation by KVL. can be writes ax Ms | 10) (do-+at)i0+ aay V40) = (B+ abs) + aM tes 20) =F) tel z 12) a i teow . wo-[ Mo Raab, : fens 12, Determine the Z- and Y-parameters of the network shown a Fige Ya Na BYKVL, we can write VQ) = (Ry + LK) + says) % ; VO) = B+ sb MIKO) + sits) le it parameters then are Ve Ny ry Fig. 1033 (0) leolating transformer (series connection of two: VQ) | ll lass prt saa mons aX SISENS Hf) = Two-Port Ne 260 = TS hee prom the ire, if 7, = 0, cnt YO) = Re Zal!)™ Ths) banca” +) 1 pes) ho # a foe 1 a oot - Ko) Kio) p nah te o Taney = ae Tre 1035, Network of Example 12 ato 0) et iia 4002, esrtsicat or Fosse ate then oMBEL By patiag yy Heece, Mt Diy Lt w 10 = — TO ee us 14, Determine the Z-parameter ofthe « a = Gt HN tal) 7 sana Fg 105%. > fhe common emitter equivaleat By destin, ha) Kor , 7 gs ys) Tal) = 7,6) brane Rr + SMR, + 3h Is) i - Fu) = Vs anno = RF LHR, + y= PIE Kis) eM TR + SLUR, + LO tay Fig 1037. Network of Bape 4 RF aLN RF sy) — 08) RF Ns + #) Write KCL ‘Again, 25 det 2(9 £0. 10) = (ZO Manders 0 = + ye) = HSA Yn 3 % ‘Exaupus 13. Determine the transmission parameter Fig. 10.36, sof the networkstomé Slatnoge mf vo) me 1) = Bhi) + BO gr 4 HO LO BO PEO t Re a yy Is) = HO as) HD Fe tho ing ''4/) and ¥(s) fom the above equations, Mf) af a Fig. 1036, Network of Example 13gs an SENS ero *BRiG, ‘Two-Port Network 493 ft = =a 98) 49 + (reciee [re : vgo=(TF GR a -9, cael i 1 yet connection of 1 agg i peep ent e witne ts shown in Fig, 10.38(0), The am “ Ba C+ tts a4g 2409 Dayne TFG FR, y+ r-[ A = (es4.6) = Zee a ae re 46) coy Yo) = Ys hig + hay Asiving point impedaoce at port 2 = Zy. + hilt han ‘Tose equialent cizeuit, which represents thi set of equation Tae Pretent this set of equations, f shown fe, Zy and Zi are called the imate itmpedances, These pares a be obti ined in terms of the other two-port parameters. (D Image parameters in terms of short-circuit and open-cireuit impedes The open-circuit input impedance Zi = 4 while short-circuit impels Zy =k “

and ing the abe equa Bett wemtd eh, we ENE BAHL le] ‘The transmission matrix is ce a) ‘ie ea wltage-eversion typ RIC ated VMI: lide ty ih and = yh fh 2] 0 an ‘his eof he curren nersion type NIC, o CNIC NICS can unre negative valued cunpaents. The condition fr reciprocity ia tanemiasionpraneter iD Bee Io oa, Petites (D and i) AD ~ BC» 1 Hence, NIC noni NICs are Senseo Seve In oder to Wstete, consider the netwath of Pig.) where 2, 1.202, =— 1. Asin ip mpd the pts 120) hte eto inde Hea oN Jenndctase Hen Nan snl tf enna ‘Shiction, this concept is very useful = ee ioe to muting a SSIS Sst wise componente waste nod ern ape by renew eats vest norte ci i teria dee hich sine pena she ‘Som st stdlae aca amllaorarenm Teste penton cnr sev 2270 htc the een roy i al ae las SRS smite con oan aT ner eos ‘ses be represented by a nullator.ce whore carat and volage ar abitray, ie mtr are éterained by the externa rin Fig 1270.6) ig exist in rei. But respuesta 8 8 ao SL sera iepren amar wa aceon seer, lee moe the bse of abe eaecor 0 emer VE Gra orate an pmrberaae aan tng an on invertng opt ermine Sg Soper ae ea Seay det ga feo ar ci air aft Seton tate ht tara ny Soe cesr se abc Sienna ponmen pee J rex aprach tothe cy eter hse er aways each ng ie to ne et este hae poo te Pt ere at ations has ben derived a shah the pra ealiatin pint ef Heme veprenetaten bas Hs own importance. Ae forte tage eee ion table rere thas ben shown hat the parte ofntercnneed ack be cab esr inte en llonrat het es. artr te telotion once ae eating neork bus ben made dein » guoaesTED READINGS | —panatanan, Nand TA Bikar, Htc Nturk Theo, ake Wey & Soe, Kew York, 1988 2, Yor Vallanburt ME, Nett Analy, Pen Hal nda Pv. Le, New Di, yer 4. Ron BC, Linear Metaorke and Sytem, McGrew i, New Yak, 1957 “L Diamie th 2 and ¥parater fhe pa | Frias 2 Beamline he earners with tht ne ‘il ta tn * Riinalncwatbtteaio gE SEaSeead mane | ‘Sete he tty det oe