Strength of Materials

Assignment 5 Solution
1. Option ‘a’
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 5 × 200
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 = = = 50 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑡𝑡 20
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 5 × 200
longitudinal stress , 𝜎𝜎2 = = = 25 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 20
2. Option ‘c’
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
Hoop stress, 𝜎𝜎1 =
𝑡𝑡
5 × 500
100 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑡𝑡 = 25𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3. Option ‘c’
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 × 250
𝜎𝜎 = =
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 20
𝜎𝜎 = 6.25𝑝𝑝
𝜎𝜎
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, 𝜖𝜖 = (1 − μ)
𝐸𝐸
6.25𝑝𝑝
3 × 10−4 = (1 − 0.3)
200 × 103
𝑝𝑝 = 13.71 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
4. Option ‘b’
𝜎𝜎1 − 𝜎𝜎2
Ultimate shear stress = = 50 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2
𝜎𝜎1
𝜎𝜎2 =
2
𝜎𝜎1
𝜎𝜎1 − 2
= 50
2
𝜎𝜎1 = 200 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝜎𝜎2 = 100 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
1
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, 𝜖𝜖 = (𝜎𝜎2 − μ𝜎𝜎1 )
𝐸𝐸
1
𝜖𝜖 = (100 − 0.3 × 200)
200 × 103
𝜖𝜖 = 2 × 10−4
5. Option ‘a’
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 × 90
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 = = = 9𝑝𝑝
𝑡𝑡 10
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝 × 90
longitudinal stress , 𝜎𝜎2 = = = 4.5𝑝𝑝
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 10
1 7.65𝑝𝑝
Circumferential strain, ϵ1 = (𝜎𝜎1 − μ𝜎𝜎2 ) =
𝐸𝐸 𝐸𝐸
1 1.8p
Longitudnal Strain, ϵ2 = (𝜎𝜎2 − μ𝜎𝜎1 ) =
𝐸𝐸 E
17.1𝑝𝑝
𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, ϵ𝑣𝑣 = 2ϵ1 + ϵ2 =
𝐸𝐸
 ∆𝑉𝑉 20000
ϵ𝑣𝑣 = =
𝑉𝑉 𝜋𝜋 ×× 902 × 1000
𝑝𝑝 = 9.19 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 = 9𝑝𝑝 = 82.73 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
6. Option’c’
δ Al = α × 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 × L = 23.4× 10-6× 75 × 2000 = 3.51 mm

Δ St = α × 𝛿𝛿𝛿𝛿 × L =11.7 × 10-6 × 75 × 2000 = 1.755 mm

As the aluminum contracts by 2.34mm whereas the steel contracts by 1.17 mm so the
balance is 3.51 – 1.755 = 1.755
So the extension that has to be applied to the aluminum wire is 1.755 mm.
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2 × 1000
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 = = = 100 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
𝑡𝑡 20
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 2 × 1000
Longitudinal stress , 𝜎𝜎2 = = = 50 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 20
1
Circumferential strain, ϵ1 = (𝜎𝜎1 − μ𝜎𝜎2 ) = 4.25 × 10−4
𝐸𝐸
∆= ϵ1 × 𝑑𝑑 = 0.85𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
Net Extension in aluminum wire = 1.755 + 0.85 = 2.605mm
2.605
ϵ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = = 1.3025 × 10−3
2000
𝜎𝜎𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝐸𝐸 × ϵ𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 91.175 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
7. Option ‘d’
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 = ϒ × ℎ = 9800ℎ
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 =
𝑡𝑡
9800ℎ × 7000
40 × 106 = = 100 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2 × 15
𝐻𝐻 = 17.49𝑚𝑚
8. Option ‘c’
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝜎𝜎 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑝𝑝 × 1000
150 =
15
𝑝𝑝 = 2.25 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
9. Option ‘b’
Longitudnal Stress < 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
If the vessel is designed as per longitudinal stress, it won’t be able to contain
circumferential stress.
Thus critical stress is circumferential stress.
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝜎𝜎 =
𝑡𝑡
10 × 300
150 =
𝑡𝑡
𝑡𝑡 = 20 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
10. Option ‘c’
Outer radius = 250 mm
Inner radius = 250-20 =230 mm
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 10 × 230
Circumferential stress, 𝜎𝜎1 = = = 115 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑎𝑎
𝑡𝑡 20
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 10 × 230
longitudinal stress , 𝜎𝜎2 = = = 57.5 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 20
1
Longitudnal Strain, ϵ2 = (𝜎𝜎2 − μ𝜎𝜎1 ) = 1.15 × 10−4
𝐸𝐸
∆= ϵ2 × 𝐿𝐿 = 0.69𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
For hemispherical end,
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 10 × 230
𝜎𝜎 = = = 57.5 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀
2𝑡𝑡 2 × 20
𝜎𝜎
𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆, 𝜖𝜖 = (1 − μ) = 2.0125 × 10−4
𝐸𝐸
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒, ∆= 2 × ϵ × 𝑟𝑟 = 0.0926𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 = 0.69 + 0.0926 = 0.7826 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚