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L1 - 12 May

The document provides an introduction to matrices and determinants. It defines what a matrix is and describes different types of matrices, including square, horizontal, vertical, row, column, diagonal, scalar, identity, null, upper triangular, and lower triangular matrices. It also outlines some basic operations that can be performed on matrices, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of two matrices. It provides examples and properties for each matrix concept and operation.

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Aryan Khare
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49 views35 pages

L1 - 12 May

The document provides an introduction to matrices and determinants. It defines what a matrix is and describes different types of matrices, including square, horizontal, vertical, row, column, diagonal, scalar, identity, null, upper triangular, and lower triangular matrices. It also outlines some basic operations that can be performed on matrices, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication by a scalar, and multiplication of two matrices. It provides examples and properties for each matrix concept and operation.

Uploaded by

Aryan Khare
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Matrices and

Determinants
Lecture-1

10+ years Teaching experience


Sameer Chincholikar
20,000 Students & Teachers Mentored
B.Tech, M.Tech from IIT-Roorkee
100+ Aspiring Teachers Mentored
12th Grade Schedule

Date Day Topic Sub-Topic

10 May Friday Graphical Transformation L-1

11 May Saturday Graphical Transformation L-2

12 May Sunday Matrices and Determinants L-1

11th Grade Schedule

Date Day Topic Sub-Topic

13 May Monday Trigonometry L-5

14 May Tuesday Trigonometry L-6

15 May Wednesday Trigonometry L-7


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Matrices
Definition

A set of (m×n) numbers arranged in the form of an ordered


set of m rows and n columns is called m × n matrix.

A=
[aij]mxn where aij represents the element at the
intersection of ith row and jth column.
Type of Matrices
Square Matrix

A matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the


number of column.

Example:
Horizontal Matrix

Matrix in which number of columns are more than


number of rows.

Example:
Vertical Matrix

Matrix in which number of rows are more than number of


x columns.

Example:
Row Matrix

A matrix having only one row is called a row matrix.

Example:
Column Matrix

A matrix having only one column is called a column


matrix.

Example:
Diagonal Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij]n×n is called a diagonal matrix if


aij = 0 for all i ≠ j

A diagonal matrix of order n×n having d1, d2, ... dn as


diagonal elements is denoted by diag [d1, d2, ... , dn]

Example:
Scalar Matrix

A diagonal matrix in which all the diagonal elements are


equal.

Example:
Identity or Unit Matrix

A diagonal Matrix in which all diagonal elements are equal


to one.

The identity matrix of order n is denoted by In .

Example:
Null Matrix

A matrix whose all elements are zero is called a null matrix


or a zero matrix.

Example:
Upper Triangular Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij] is called an upper triangular


matrix if aij = 0 for all i > j.

Example:
Lower Triangular Matrix

A square matrix A = [aij] is called an upper triangular


matrix if aij = 0 for all i > j.

Example:
Operations of Matrices
Equality of Matrices

Two matrices of same order are equal if their


corresponding elements are equal.
Example

Find the value of x + y + z

A. 0 B. 1 C. -2 D. 6
Addition of Matrices

Addition of two matrices is possible only if they are of same


order.

The resultant matrix is obtained by addition of


corresponding elements of two given matrices

A = [aij]

B = [bij]

If C = A + B

⇒ [cij] = [aij] + [bij]


Example:

If

Then: A + B =
Properties of Matrix Addition

1. Matrix addition is commutative A + B = B + A

2. Matrix addition is associative A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C

3. Cancellation Law holds. i.e; If : A + B = A + C ⇒ B = C


Subtraction of Matrices

Subtraction of two matrices is possible only if they are of


same order.

The resultant matrix is obtained by subtraction of


corresponding elements of two given matrices

A = [aij]
B = [bij]
If C = A - B
⇒ [cij] = [aij] - [bij]
Multiplication of Matrix with a scalar

The scalar gets multiplied in every element of the matrix.

Example:

If

Then:
Multiplication of two matrices

Matrix multiplication is done ROW by COLUMN.

For the two matrices Amxn and Bpxq , the multiplication


(A x B) is possible only if number of columns of A is equal to
the number of rows of B. i.e.; n=p

The resultant matrix C will be of the order m x q


Example

Find AB and BA.


Properties of Matrix Multiplication

1. In general, AB ≠ BA. i.e; commutative property does


not hold. They may be equal for special set of matrices
A and B.

2. Multiplication of matrices is distributive with respect to


a addition of matrices A (B + C) = AB + AC

3. Matrix multiplication is associative if conformability is


assured A (BC) = (AB) C
Properties of Matrix Multiplication
4. If AB = 0 then it does not necessarily mean that A = 0 or
B = 0 or both are 0

5. AIn = InA = A
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