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Assignment MATH2001 ModIII

1. The document discusses power series solutions, Bessel functions, and Legendre polynomials. It defines ordinary and singular points of differential equations and discusses determining these points. 2. Methods are presented for solving differential equations using power series, including determining the nature of singularities. The method of Frobenius is also introduced for solving certain differential equations. 3. Properties of Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials are explored, including representations, derivatives, and integrals involving these special functions. Conditions on the signs of neighboring Legendre polynomials at roots are also described.

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Barshan Roy
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74 views

Assignment MATH2001 ModIII

1. The document discusses power series solutions, Bessel functions, and Legendre polynomials. It defines ordinary and singular points of differential equations and discusses determining these points. 2. Methods are presented for solving differential equations using power series, including determining the nature of singularities. The method of Frobenius is also introduced for solving certain differential equations. 3. Properties of Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials are explored, including representations, derivatives, and integrals involving these special functions. Conditions on the signs of neighboring Legendre polynomials at roots are also described.

Uploaded by

Barshan Roy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment (Series Solution) Subject: MATH2001

Power Series Solution

1. Define an ordinary and singular point of an ODE.


2. Determine ordinary and singular points of the given ODEs and further determine the nature of
the singularities:

i) x  2y   xy   1 y  0
x
ii) 2

x y   xy   x  n 2 y  0
2

iii) x 2
x  1 y  x  1y  2xy  0
2 2

3. Solve in series the equations:


i) x  1y  3xy  xy  0, y0  4, y0  6 about x  0.
2

ii) 1  x y  xy  y  0 about x  0.


2

iii) y   xy   x  2y  0 about x  0.


2

4. Solve in series the equation y   x  1y   y  0 in powers of x  2 .


5. Use the method of Frobenius:
i) 
2 x 2 y   2 x 2  x y   y  0 .
ii) xy   y   xy  0 .
iii) 
x 2 y   xy   x 2  1 y  0 
iv)  
x 2 y   x  x 2 y   x  9y  0

Bessel’s Equation and Bessel’s Function

2 3−𝑥 2 3 2 3
6. Show that 𝐽5 (𝑥) =√ [( ) sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 cos 𝑥]and 𝐽−5 (𝑥) = √𝜋𝑥 [𝑥 sin 𝑥 +
2 𝜋𝑥 𝑥2 2
3−𝑥 2
cos 𝑥].
𝑥2
7. Express 𝐽5 (𝑥) in terms of 𝐽0 (𝑥)and 𝐽1 (𝑥).
8. Prove (i) 4𝐽𝑛′′ = 𝐽𝑛−2 − 2𝐽𝑛 + 𝐽𝑛+2 (ii) 2𝐽0′′ = 𝐽2 − 𝐽0
𝑑 𝑛 𝑛+1
9. Show that (𝐽𝑛 2 + 𝐽𝑛+1 2 ) = 2(𝑥 𝐽𝑛 2 − 𝐽𝑛+1 2 ).
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑
10. Show that (𝑥𝐽𝑛 𝐽𝑛+1 ) = 𝑥{𝐽𝑛 2 − 𝐽𝑛+1 2 }.
𝑑𝑥

Legendre’s Equation and Legendre’s Polynomial


1 1
11. Prove that (i) 𝑃𝑛 ′ (1) = 2 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) (ii) 𝑃𝑛 ′ (−1) = 2 (−1)𝑛−1 𝑛(𝑛 + 1).
1 2𝑛(𝑛+1)
12. Show that ∫−1 𝑥 2 𝑃𝑛−1 (𝑥)𝑃𝑛+1 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = .
(2𝑛−1)(2𝑛+1)(2𝑛+3)
13. Express the following in terms of Legendre’s polynomials
(a) P(x) = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3
(b) P(x) = 4𝑥 3 + 6𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 2
(c) P(x) = 𝑥 4 + 3𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 2
14. If 𝑃𝑛 (𝑥) is a Legendre polynomial of degree n and 𝛼 is such that 𝑃𝑛 (𝛼) = 0, show that 𝑃𝑛−1 (𝛼)
and 𝑃𝑛+1 (𝛼) are of opposite sign.

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