ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

OPTHALMOLOGY

1. CRVO [Central Retinal Venous Occlusion] :

- STORMY SUNSET APPEARNCE,

- SPLASHED TOMATO APPEARANCE, where the entire fundus is
scattered with haemorrhages

2. CRAO: [Central Retinal Arterial Occlusion] :

- Whole retina appears white due to ischemia with red foveal reflex or
CHERRY RED SPOT

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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3. BRVO: (BRANCH RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION)

- Typically seen in > 50 years patient with history of HTN and DM-II.
- In this FUNDUS picture:
Hemorrhages are seen only along one arcade of vessels whereas the rest
of fundus is normal.
IN CRVO – ENTIRE FUNDUS IS SCATTERED WITH
HAEMORHHAGES.

4. ARMD: AGE RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION

Yellowish dots are DRUSENS (dry ARMD)

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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5. COTTON WOOL SPOTS:

- are infarcts in the retinal nerve fibre layer due to microvascular
occlusion.
- Previously called as SOFT EXUDATES
- The larger ill-defined white areas IN PICTURES.

CAUSES OF COTTON WOOL SPOTS: SOFT EXUDATES

- DM-II
- Hypertension/Toxemia pregnancy
- Retinal ischemic disorders like CRVO,BRVO
- Infections like HIV. Leptospirosis and fungal infections
- Radiation retinopathy
- Lymphoma, Leukemia
-

6. ROTH SPOTS:
- Retinal hemorrhages with pale centre
- Flame shaped hemorrhage
- Seen in:
INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
SLE
HIV
LEUKEMIA

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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7. RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA:
- Difficulty seeing dim lighting
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision
- Glare and eye fatigue
- Autosomal dominant pattern

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
4|Page
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8. COAT’S DISEASE:
- Idiopathic Retinal telangiectatic vessels and exudation
- Mostly unilateral
- Usually in the infero-temporal quadrant of the retina
- Classically seen in boys of 5-1o years

9. VERNAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS/ SPRING CATARRH

A. COBBLESTONE APPEARANCE

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

B. HORNER TRANTA’S SPOTS

10.TRACHOMA

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

11.CORNEAL ULCERS:
A. MOOREN’S ULCER-
- Idiopathic peripheral ulcerative keratitis
- Non-infectious keratopathy
- Immunological ulcer associated with Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, PAN,
Wegener’s Granulomatosis etc.
- The ulcerative process spreads circumferentially and then centrally to
involve entire cornea

B. ULCER SERPENS: PNEUMOCOCCAL

- Grayish white or yellowish disc shaped ulcer occurring near center of
cornea.
- Starts at periphery and spreads towards centre
- Tendency to creep over cornea in serpenginous fashion – ULCER
SERPENS
- Violent iridocyclitis is often associated

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

12.EPITHELIAL KERATITIS:

A. HERPES SIMPLEX KERATITIS/ DENDRITIC

ULCER/GEOGRAPHICAL ULCER

B. DISCIFORM KERATITIS: immune response to viral antigen

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

13.ARCUS SENILIS: corneal degeneration in >60 years

14.BAND SHAPED KERATOPATHY:

- Degeneration due to deposition of Ca++ salts in Bowman’s layer of the
cornea.
- Seen as white band in interpalpebral area with clear space separating it
from the limbus.

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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ARISE MEDICAL ACADEMY IMPORTANT MEDICAL IMAGES

15.BITOT’S SPOTS: XEROPHTALMIA

16.PTERYGIUM:
- Triangular fold of bulbar conjunctiva
- Elastotic degeneration of conjunctiva

17.PINGUECULA:
- Elevated yellow nodule near limbus in palpebral fissure.

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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18.KERATOCONUS: non inflammatory corneal ectasia/protrusion.

A. MUNSON’S SIGN: protruded cornea indents the lower lid when the
patient is asked to look down.

B. FLEISHER RING – iron deposition at the base of cone.

- Yellow brown to olive green ring of pigment (IN KERATOCONUS)

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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NOTE: KAYSER FLESIHNER’S RING – due to copper deposition –

WILSON’S DISEASE

LENS:
CATARACT

STELLATE CATARACT:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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MORGAGNIAN CATARACT: sunken nucleus with liquefied cortex

- Most common complication associated with this is PHACOLYTIC
GLAUCOMA

CHRISTMAS TREE CATARACT SENILE NUCLEAR CATARACT

SUNFLOWER CATARACT – WILSON’S DISEASE

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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BLUE DOT CATARACT: PUNCTATE CATARACT

- Minute white dots through the lens, but no visual disturbances.
- Most common type of congenital cataract

GLAUCOMA:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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STAGES OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY:

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December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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HYPERTENSIVE RETINOPATHY:

CENTRAL SEROUS RETINOPATHY (CSR):

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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Fundus Flourescein angiography (FFA) image of CSR: Smoke-stack sign- also

known as Mushroom/Umbrella pattern.

OCT (ocular Coherence Tomography) image: shows detachment of neurosensory

retina.

CYSTOID MACULAR OEDEMA:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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RETINOBLASTOMA:
- Most common primary malignant intraocular tumor of childhood.
- Common age of presentation – 18-24 months.

a child with LEUKOCORA (AMAUROTIC CAT’S EYE REFLEX) with

STRABISMUS

LEUKOCORIA:
Seen in:
- Retinoblastoma
- Cataract
- Retinopathy of prematurity
- Coloboma
- Coats disease
- PHPV (Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous)

HARD EXUDATES:
- Intra-retinal lipid and protein deposits.
- Yellow deposits

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
18 | P a g e
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Causes:
- DM-II
- Hypertension (macular star)
- Coat’s disease
- VHL disease (capillary haemangioma of retina
- CRVO, BRVO
- Neuroretinitis

ISHIHARA CHART: COLOUR VISION TEST

SNELLEN’S CHART: VISUAL ACUITY TEST:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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SLIT LAMP:

INDIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPE:

DIRECT OPTHALMOSCOPE:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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STRABISMUS/SQUINT:

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December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
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HETEROCHROMIA IRIDIS: side effect of anti-glaucoma drug LATANOPROST:

Regular Batch for FMGE

December - 2019
@ Arise - HYD
Date: 7th, 19th, 26th July & 3rd Aug
@ Arise – Kannur
Date: 15th, 22nd & 29th July
22 | P a g e