Basic Arduino Training

Internal research group training

Dr. Vinay Chamola, Assistant Professor, EEE Department, BITS-Pilani
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 Agenda
Module 1: Introduction to Arduino
− What is Arduino
− History of Arduino
− Arduino Boards
− Arduino Uno
− Setting Up Arduino IDE
− Your First Arduino Project

Module 2: Basic C Programming

− Conditional
− Loop
− Operators
− Function
− Comment
− Preprocessor

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 Agenda
Module 3: Arduino Programming
−Components & Ohm's Law
−pinMode
−digitalWrite
−analogWrite
−Serial Communication
−digitalRead
−analogRead & Map
−Challenge 1: Digital Read/Write
−Challenge 2: Analog Read/Write
−tone

Module 4: Arduino Shields

- Motor Shield
- Ethernet Shield
- WiFi Shield

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 Agenda
Module 5: Arduino Standard Libraries
- EEPROM
- Ethernet
- Firmata
- Liquid Crystal Display
- Servo
- SPI
- SoftwareSerial
- Stepper
- WIFI
- Wire
- Install Additional Libraries

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 Agenda
Module 6: Introduction to Processing
- Install Processing
- Basics of Processing
- Interface Processing with Arduino

Module 7: Arduino Sonar Project

- Ultrasonic Ranging Sensor
- Servo Motor
- Building a Sonar System

Module 8: Arduino IoT

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 Module 1
Introduction to Arduino

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 What is Arduino?
www.arduino.cc

● Arduino is an open-source electronics platform

● The hardware and software are open source.
● Software code, based on C is transferable.
● Large community for Arduino.
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 History of Arduino

Arduino was started in 2005 by Massimo Banzi and other co-founders

from Interaction Design Institute Ivrea (IDII) in Ivrea, Italy. It was
named after the bar where the co-founders visited often. The name
of the bar is named after King Arduin.
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Arduino Products

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 Arduino Boards
Lilypad Nano Micro Mini Pro

Mega Leonardo Due Yun

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 Arduino Uno
Digital Input/Output & PWM

Reset Button

Power LED
USB

TX & RX LEDs On board LED

Microcontroller

Power Plug

Power 5V/GND Analog Inputs

Microcontroller: ATmega328 Operating Voltage: 5V
Digital I/O Pins: 14 (6 PWM output) Analog Input Pins :6
Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328) Clock Speed: 16 MHz

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function.
LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13.
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 Download Arduino IDE
http://www.arduino.cc/download

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 Installing Driver on Window
Goto Device Manager Locate Driver Location

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 Setup Arduino IDE
Select the Board : Tools->Board->Arduino Uno
Select the Port: Tools->Port -> COM3 (Window)

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Arduino Communication Ports

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Navigate Arduino IDE

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Blink Project
● Open File->Example->
0.1Basic->Blink
● Click the upload button
● Observe the LED blink
● Change the delay value to
100
● Click the upload button
● Observe the LED blink
● Change the delay value to
2000
● Click the upload button
● Observe the LED blink

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 Module 2
Basic C Programming

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Conditional

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if Statement

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 if Syntax

if (condition)
{
// do something here
}

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if Statement Example
if (x > 120) {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
}

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if-else Statement

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 if-else Syntax
if (condition)
{
// action A
}
else
{
// action B
}

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 If-else Statements
if (x > 120) {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, LOW);
}

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if-else-if Syntax
if (condition) {
do Something;}
else if (condition2) {
do Something Else;}
else {
do Another Thing;}

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 if-else-if Example
if (x > 120) {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, HIGH);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
} else if (x > 200) {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, HIGH);
} else {
digitalWrite(LEDpin1, LOW);
digitalWrite(LEDpin2, LOW);
}

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 Switch Syntax
switch (var) {
case label:
// statements
break;
case label:
// statements
break;
default:
// statements
break;
}

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 Switch Example
char grade = 'B';
switch(grade)
{
case 'A' :
printf("Excellent!\n" );
break;
case 'B' :
case 'C' :
printf("Well done\n" );
break;
…

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 Goto Syntax
label:

goto label;

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 Goto Example
for(byte r = 0; r < 255; r++) {
if (analogRead(0) > 250) { goto bailout;}
}

bailout:

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 Loop

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While Loop Statement

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 While Loop Syntax
while(expression) {
// statement(s)
}

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 While Loops Examples
int i = 10;
while ( i > 0 ) {
printf("Hello %d\n", i );
i = i - 1;
}

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Do While Loop Statement

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 Do While Loops Syntax
do
{
// statement block
} while (test condition);

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 Do While Loops Examples
do{
delay(50);
x = readSensors();
} while (x < 100);

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For Loop Statement

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 For Loops Syntax
for (initialization; condition; increment) {
//statement(s);
}

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 For Loops Example
for (int i=0; i <= 255; i++){
analogWrite(PWMpin, i);
delay(10);
}

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 Break
for (x = 0; x < 255; x ++) {
analogWrite(PWMpin, x);
sens = analogRead(sensorPin);
if (sens > threshold) {
x = 0;
break;
}
delay(50);
}

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 Continue
for (x = 0; x < 255; x ++) {
if (x > 40 && x < 120){
continue;
}

analogWrite(PWMpin, x);
delay(50);
}

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Operators

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Arithmetic Operators

= (assignment operator)
+ (addition)
- (subtraction)
* (multiplication)
/ (division)
% (modulo)

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Comparison Operators

== (equal to)
!= (not equal to)
< (less than)
> (greater than)
<= (less than or equal to)
>= (greater than or equal to)

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Boolean Operators
&& (and)
|| (or)
! (not)

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Compound Operators
++ (increment)
-- (decrement)
+= (compound addition)
-= (compound subtraction)
*= (compound multiplication)
/= (compound division)
%= (compound modulo)
&= (compound bitwise and)
|= (compound bitwise or)

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Function

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 Function Example
int checkSensor()

{
if (analogRead(0) > 400) {
return 1;
else{
return 0;
}
}

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Comment

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Comment

Single line comment

// ….
Multiple lines comment
/*
…..
*/

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Preprocessor

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#define

#define Name value

#define ledPin 3

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#include

#include <Wire.h>

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 Module 3
Arduino Programming

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Electrical Components

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Solderless Breadboard

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Solderless Breadboard
Prototyping without soldering

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 LED
● Light-emitting Diode
● Pasess current one way
● Emits Lights
● spec of current threshold : 20mA

Anode + Cathode -

Cathode - Anode +

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Resistor

Color code represent the resistance value

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Resistor Color Code

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Push Button

Press to Turn On
Release to Turn Off

Generate Digital Input

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Potentiometer

Variable Resistor

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Ohm's Law

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Basic Concept: Ohm's Law

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Applying Ohm's Law to LED

Voltage across LED is 2V

Voltage across R1 resistor is 5V
Maximum current for LED is 0.02A
5V

R= 5V/0.02A= 250Ω

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 Arduino Program Structure

Define variables here

Define INPUT/OUTPUT Pins here Sketch = Program =

Source Code

Create your main program here

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Pin Setup

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PinMode Syntax

pinMode(pin, INPUT/OUTPUT)

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Digital Output

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digitalWrite
Syntax:
digitalWrite(pin, HIGH/LOW)

Eg
digitalWrite(9,HIGH)

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delay
Pauses the program for the amount of
time (in miliseconds) specified as
parameter

Syntax
delay(ms)

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