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    L 33 PDF

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    Li Tophan Behera
    The document discusses higher order derivatives. It defines that if a function f(x) is differentiable, its derivative f'(x) may also be differentiable, with its derivative being called the second derivative f''(x). Higher order derivatives are denoted similarly as f'''(x), f''''(x), etc. or f(3)(x), f(4)(x). Patterns sometimes emerge in the successive derivatives of a function, like f(x) = x^7 having a derivative of f^(7)(x) equal to 7!. Leibniz notation is also introduced for representing derivatives of a function y with respect to x.

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    L 33 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Li Tophan Behera
    69 views2 pages
    The document discusses higher order derivatives. It defines that if a function f(x) is differentiable, its derivative f'(x) may also be differentiable, with its derivative being called the second derivative f''(x). Higher order derivatives are denoted similarly as f'''(x), f''''(x), etc. or f(3)(x), f(4)(x). Patterns sometimes emerge in the successive derivatives of a function, like f(x) = x^7 having a derivative of f^(7)(x) equal to 7!. Leibniz notation is also introduced for representing derivatives of a function y with respect to x.

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    The document discusses higher order derivatives. It defines that if a function f(x) is differentiable, its derivative f'(x) may also be differentiable, with its derivative being called the second derivative f''(x). Higher order derivatives are denoted similarly as f'''(x), f''''(x), etc. or f(3)(x), f(4)(x). Patterns sometimes emerge in the successive derivatives of a function, like f(x) = x^7 having a derivative of f^(7)(x) equal to 7!. Leibniz notation is also introduced for representing derivatives of a function y with respect to x.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    69 views2 pages

    L 33 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Li Tophan Behera
    The document discusses higher order derivatives. It defines that if a function f(x) is differentiable, its derivative f'(x) may also be differentiable, with its derivative being called the second derivative f''(x). Higher order derivatives are denoted similarly as f'''(x), f''''(x), etc. or f(3)(x), f(4)(x). Patterns sometimes emerge in the successive derivatives of a function, like f(x) = x^7 having a derivative of f^(7)(x) equal to 7!. Leibniz notation is also introduced for representing derivatives of a function y with respect to x.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Lecture 33: Higher Order Derivatives

    33.1 Higher order derivatives

    If f is differentiable, then its derivative f 0 may also be differentiable. The derivative of f 0


    is called the second derivative of f and is denoted f 00 .

    Example If f (x) = x3 − 6x5 , then

    f 0 (x) = 3x2 − 30x4

    and
    f 00 (x) = 6x − 120x3 .

    Higher order derivatives are denoted similarly. For example, for the previous example,

    f 000 (x) = 6 − 360x2

    and
    f 0000 (x) = −720x.
    Note that we also let f (4) (x) = f 0000 (x).

    Example Note that for the previous example,

    f (5) (x) = −720

    and
    f (6) (x) = 0.
    Moreover, note that
    f (n) (x) = 0
    for any n ≥ 6. For example,
    f (100) (x) = 0.

    33.2 Leibniz notation


    dy d2 y d3 y
    If y = f (x), then = f 0 (x), = f 00
    (x), = f 000 (x), etc.
    dx dx2 dx3

    1
    Example If y = , then
    x
    dy 1
    = − 2,
    dx x
    33-1
    Lecture 33: Higher Order Derivatives 33-2

    d2 y 2
    2
    = 3,
    dx x
    and
    d3 y 6
    3
    = − 4.
    dx x

    33.3 Seeing patterns in iterations

    Note that we can sometimes see a pattern in successive derivatives of a given function. For
    example, if f (x) = x7 , then

    f (7) (x) = 7 · 6 · 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 · 1 = 7! = 5040.

    Definition In n is a positive integer, then

    n! = n · (n − 1) · · · 2 · 1

    is called n factorial.

    Note: 1! = 1, and, by convention, we let 0! = 1.

    Example 5! = 5 · 4 · 3 · 2 · 1 = 120

    1
    Example Let f (x) = . Then
    x
    1
    f 0 (x) = − ,
    x2
    2
    f 00 (x) = 3 ,
    x
    3·2 3!
    f 000 (x) = − 4 = − 4 ,
    x x
    and
    4!
    f (4) (x) = .
    x5
    Continuing in this pattern, we expect that

    (−1)n n!
    f (n) (x) = .
    xn+1
    For example,
    (10) (−1)10 10! 3, 628, 800
    f (x) = 11
    = .
    x x11

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