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NPTEL Web Course On Complex Analysis: A. Swaminathan

This document is a lecture on electrostatic potential from an NPTEL web course on complex analysis taught by A. Swaminathan and V.K. Katiyar from IIT Roorkee. The lecture discusses how conformal mapping can be used to solve boundary value problems related to electrostatic potential. An example problem involving determining the potential between two conducting cylinders is presented and solved using conformal mapping to map the domain to a rectangular strip.

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Aditya Koutharapu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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95 views

NPTEL Web Course On Complex Analysis: A. Swaminathan

This document is a lecture on electrostatic potential from an NPTEL web course on complex analysis taught by A. Swaminathan and V.K. Katiyar from IIT Roorkee. The lecture discusses how conformal mapping can be used to solve boundary value problems related to electrostatic potential. An example problem involving determining the potential between two conducting cylinders is presented and solved using conformal mapping to map the domain to a rectangular strip.

Uploaded by

Aditya Koutharapu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 16

NPTEL web course

on
Complex Analysis

A. Swaminathan
I.I.T. Roorkee, India

and

V.K. Katiyar
I.I.T. Roorkee, India

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 1 / 16


Complex Analysis

Module: 9: Applications of Conformal Mapping


Lecture: 2: Electrostatic potential

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Applications of Conformal Mapping

Electrostatic potential

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Electrostatic potential

In this section, we discuss the application called Electrostatic potential.

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Electrostatic potential

In electrostatic potential, the field intensity at a point is a vector


representing the force exerted on a unit positive charge placed at
that point.
The electrostatic potential, is a scalar function.
For two stationary charged particles, the magnitude of force of
attraction or repulsion exerted by one particle on the other is
directly proportional to the product of the charges.
It is also inversely proportional to square of the distance between
the particles.

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 5 / 16


Electrostatic potential

From inverse square law, it is easy to show that the distribution of


charges outside the region satisfies Laplace equation.
If V is the potential, then in the region free from charges, V is a
function of x and y and satisfies Vxx + Vyy = 0.
The electric field intensity vector at each point is parallel to the
xy -plane with components −Vx (x, y ) and −Vy (x, y ).
This vector is negative of the gradient of V (x, y ).

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 6 / 16


Electrostatic potential

V (x, y ) is constant along the surface of a conductor, and that the


surface is an equipotential.
If U is harmonic conjugate of V , then U(x, y ) =constant are called
flux lines.
The point at which the flux lines intersect the equipotential, the
curves are orthogonal.
At this point, U(x, y ) + iV (x, y ) 6= 0.
Boundary value problem of V is similar to the steady temperature
problem.

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 7 / 16


Electrostatic potential

We consider the following example.

Example
A long hollow circular cylinder is made out of a thin sheet of
conducting material.
The cylinder is split into two equal parts.
These parts are separated by electrodes.
One part is kept at potential zero (V = 0) and other at a fixed
potential (V = 1).

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 8 / 16


Electrostatic potential

V=0

E
+ C
A 1 x

B
V=1

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 9 / 16


Electrostatic potential

Example
1 1 i
The imaginary part of the function log w = log ρ + φ, ρ > 0
π π π
and 0 ≤ φ ≤ π is a bounded function of u and v and assumes
constant values at the points φ = 0 and φ = π.
Here log takes the principal values.
1
The desired harmonic function is V = tan−1 (v /u).
π
the value of tan−1 ranges from 0 to π.

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 10 / 16


Electrostatic potential

Example
The bilinear transformation that maps the upper half plane onto
i −w
the interior of the unit circle centered at the origin is z =
i +w
1−z
The inverse of the transformation is w = i .
1+z
1
Hence V = tan−1 ((1 − x 2 − y 2 )/2y ), 0 ≤ tan−1 t ≤ π.
π

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Electrostatic potential

ρ w
A0 B0 C0 D0 φ
V =1 1V = 0 u

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Electrostatic potential

Example
To determine the electrostatic
potential φ in the domain between the
1 1
circles |z| = 1 and z − = with the boundary conditions
2 2

φ(x, y ) = −10 on x 2 + y 2 = 1
1 2
 
1
φ(x, y ) = 20 on x− + y2 = .
2 4

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Electrostatic potential

Solution:
First we map the given domain that lies between the circles |z| = 1
1 1
and z − = onto the infinite horizontal strip 0 < v < 1.
2 2
For this purpose, we choose three points 1, i and −1 on |z| = 1
and map them onto ∞, 0 and 1 respectively.
By applying Bilinear transformation, we get the map as

z −i x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y + 1 1 − x2 − y2
w = T (z) = (1−i) = +i .
z −1 (x − 1)2 + y 2 (x − 1)2 + y 2

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Electrostatic potential

The circle |z| = 1, is mapped onto the line v = 0 by the given


Bilinear transformation.
The
point
z = 1 is a pole of the given map, but lies on
z − = 1 . Hence we choose two other points.
1

2 2
1 i
For the point z0 = 0, T (0) = 1 + i and for the point z1 = + ,
2 2
1 1
T (z1 ) = −1 + i. Hence the image of z − = must be the
2 2
horizontal line v = 1.
Hence the given domain is mapped onto the infinite horizontal
strip 0 < v < 1.

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 15 / 16


Electrostatic potential

Thus the transformed boundary conditions are Φ = −10 on v = 0


and Φ = 20 on v = 1.
This gives the solution of the transformed problem as
Φ(u, v ) = 30v − 10.
Hence the solution of the original problem is
1 − x2 − y2
φ(x, y ) = 30 − 10.
(x − 1)2 + y 2

A.Swaminathan and V.K.Katiyar (NPTEL) Complex Analysis 16 / 16

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