This document provides formulae for analyzing elastic elements like springs, bars, beams, and torsional bars. It includes the fundamental equation for elastic elements, standard stiffness matrices, transformations for axial bars, stress and strain equations, shape functions, consistent and lumped mass matrices, and thermal analysis equations. Dynamics are analyzed using the determinant of the stiffness matrix minus the mass matrix.
This document provides formulae for analyzing elastic elements like springs, bars, beams, and torsional bars. It includes the fundamental equation for elastic elements, standard stiffness matrices, transformations for axial bars, stress and strain equations, shape functions, consistent and lumped mass matrices, and thermal analysis equations. Dynamics are analyzed using the determinant of the stiffness matrix minus the mass matrix.
This document provides formulae for analyzing elastic elements like springs, bars, beams, and torsional bars. It includes the fundamental equation for elastic elements, standard stiffness matrices, transformations for axial bars, stress and strain equations, shape functions, consistent and lumped mass matrices, and thermal analysis equations. Dynamics are analyzed using the determinant of the stiffness matrix minus the mass matrix.
This document provides formulae for analyzing elastic elements like springs, bars, beams, and torsional bars. It includes the fundamental equation for elastic elements, standard stiffness matrices, transformations for axial bars, stress and strain equations, shape functions, consistent and lumped mass matrices, and thermal analysis equations. Dynamics are analyzed using the determinant of the stiffness matrix minus the mass matrix.
− 1 [k ] = k 1 − 1 1 Standard stiffness matrix for axial bar element of length L
AE 1 − 1 [k ]= L − 1 1
Standard stiffness matrix for a beam element of length L
12 EI / L3 6 EI / L2 − 12 EI / L3 6 EI / L2 2 − 6 EI / L2 [k ] = 6 EI / L 3 4 EI / L 2 EI / L − 12 EI / L − 6 EI / L2 12 EI / L3 − 6 EI / L2 6 EI / L 2 2 EI / L − 6 EI / L2 4 EI / L
Transformations and stiffness matrix for axial bar elements
c2 cs − c 2 − cs s 2 − cs − s 2 [k ] = 2 AE cs cs c and s defined above L − c − cs c 2 − cs − s s 2 2 cs
Standard stiffness matrix for torsion bar element of length L
1 − 1 [k ]= G J L − 1 1 G - Modulus of Rigidity J - Polar Second Moment of Area Stiffness matrix – formal procedure Bar element Beam Element
k = ∫ B T EBdV , dV = Adx k = ∫ B T EIBdx
Stress in bar element Stress in beam elements 𝑑𝑑2 𝑣𝑣 𝜕𝜕2 𝑵𝑵 σ = EBd, B = ∂N/∂x σx = My/I where 𝑀𝑀 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩, 𝑩𝑩 = 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 2
Shape Functions: u=Nd, N ≡ shape functions, d ≡ nodal displacements
Dynamics det (K – λM) = 0, λ = ω2 det ≡ determinant Mass Matrices Lumped mass matrix for a bar element of length L ρAL / 2 0 0 ρAL / 2 Consistent mass matrix for a bar element of length L ρAL / 3 ρAL / 6 ρAL / 6 ρAL / 3 = v , θ , v , θ Consistent mass matrix for a beam element of length L operating on d 1 1 2 2 [ ] T
