Mapúa Institute of Technology

Department of EECE

Experiment No. 4
Superposition Theorem and Linearity

Name: _SANTIAGO, Charl Joseph B.____

Course Code / Section: _EE101L/B7_

GRADE

Date of Performance: ____February 18, 2015_______

Date of Submission: _____March 04, 2015__________

__Engr. Jun A. Teresa__

Instructor
 QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS: (ANSWERS)
1. What does a negative response in a superposition imply?
A negative response in a superposition implies that the assumed direction of the
current or the polarity of the voltage is incorrect. To correct this, simply change the
current’s direction or the polarity of the voltage.

2. How many responses are obtained from an N number of independent sources

present in a given circuit?
There are no responses obtained from a number of independent sources present in
a given circuit. Responses are any parameter like resistance, voltage, or current. Thus, the
number of responses can be obtained with the number of constant parameters in the
circuit since they are directly proportional to each other.

3. Is it possible to eliminate dependent sources on superposition?

No, it is not possible to eliminate dependent sources on superposition theorem
however all sources except dependent sources can be eliminated.

4. What are the possible limitations of the superposition theorem?

The possible limitations of the superposition theorem are it can be applied only to
linear circuits, it can be applied only to voltage and current, and it cannot be used to solve
for the total power dissipated by an element.

5. Determine the voltage, Vx, using superposition in the figure below.

Solution:
𝟏𝟎 𝑽: 𝑶𝑵; 𝟏𝟓 𝑽: 𝑶𝑭𝑭; 𝟏𝟎 𝑨: 𝑶𝑭𝑭
1.6
𝑉𝑥′ = 10 ( )
2 + 1.6
𝑽′𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟒𝟒 𝑽
---------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟎 𝑽: 𝑶𝑭𝑭; 𝟏𝟓 𝑽: 𝑶𝑵; 𝟏𝟎 𝑨: 𝑶𝑭𝑭
1 𝑉𝑥′′′ = 2.78(2)
𝑉𝑥′′ = 15 ( ) 𝑽′′′
1+8 𝒙 = 𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝐕
𝑽′′
𝒙 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝑽 ---------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------- 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑉𝑥′ + 𝑉𝑥′′ + 𝑉𝑥′′′
𝟏𝟎 𝑽: 𝑶𝑭𝑭; 𝟏𝟓 𝑽: 𝑶𝑭𝑭; 𝟏𝟎 𝑨: 𝑶𝑵 𝑉𝑥 = 4.44 𝑉 + 1.67 𝑉 + 5.56 𝑉
5 𝑽𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝟕
𝐼𝑥′′ = 10 ( )
5+4
′′
𝐼𝑥 = 5.56 𝐴
2
𝐼𝑥′′ = 5.56 ( )
2+2
𝑰′′
𝒙 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟖 𝑨

6. Determine the voltage across 5 ohm resistance using superposition shown in the
figure below.
 Solution:

𝟏𝟐 𝑽: 𝑶𝑵; 𝟕 𝐀: 𝑶𝑭𝑭
2.5454
V(5) = 12 ( )
2 + 2.5454
𝐕(𝟓) = 𝟔. 𝟕𝟐𝐕
′ 5
V(5) = 6.72 ( )
5+2
′
𝐕(𝟓) = 𝟒. 𝟖 𝐕
---------------------------------------------
𝟏𝟐 𝑽: 𝑶𝑭𝑭; 𝟕 𝑨: 𝑶𝑵
Using Nodal Analysis:

@ Node 1: (0.5 + 0.2)V(1) + 0.2V(2) – 0.5V(3) = −7

@ Node 2: 0.2V(1) + (0.2 + 0.25 + 0.5)V(2) − (0.5 + 0.25)V(3) = 0
@ Node 3: (0.5 + 0.25 + 0.5)V(3) − 0.5V(1) – (0.25 + 0.5)V(2) = 7

V(1) = −8.4 𝑉; 𝑉(2) = 0

V(3) = 2.24 𝑉
′′
V(5) = −8.4 − 0
′ ′′
V(5) = V(5) + V(5)
V(5) = 4.8 − 8.4
𝐕(𝟓) = −𝟑. 𝟔 𝑽

7. Determine the voltage across 3 mho using superposition shown in the circuit below.
Solution:

𝟔 𝑨: 𝑶𝑵
−6 + 2 (V(1) − V(2) ) + 5(V(1) − V(2) ) = 0  Total Voltage @ left

@ Equation 1:
7V(1) − 7V(2) = 6
−(5 + 2)V(1) + 13V(2) = 0

@ Equation 2:
−7V(1) + 13V(2) = 0

′ ′
𝐕(𝟏) = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟓𝟕 𝑽; 𝐕(𝟐) = 𝟏𝑽
---------------------------------
𝟏𝟐 𝑨: 𝑶𝑵
@ Node 1: ′ ′′ ′′′
𝐕𝟏 = 𝐕(𝟐) + 𝐕(𝟐) − 𝐕(𝟐) + 𝐕(𝟏Ω)
7V(1) − 7V(2) = 0 ( Ω)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐕𝟏 = 1 + 2 + (−5) + 0
( Ω)
𝟑
@Node 2: 𝐕𝟏 = −2𝑉
−7V(1) + 3V(2) = 12 ( Ω)
𝟑

𝑽(𝟏) = 𝟐 𝑽; 𝑽(𝟐) = 𝟐 𝑽
---------------------------------
𝟏𝟎 𝑽: 𝑶𝑵

@ Node 1:
7V(1) − 5V(2) − 2V(3) = 0

@ Node 2:
−7V(1) + 8V(2) − 5V(3) = 0

@ Node 3:
V(2) − V(3) = 10

𝐕(𝟏) = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟒𝟑 𝑽; 𝐕(𝟐) = 𝟓 𝑽; 𝐕(𝟑) = −𝟓 𝑽-

---------------------------------
−𝟑𝑨 − 𝒐𝒏
@ Mesh 1:
0.33 I(1) + 0.33I(1) = 0
I(1) = 0

𝐕𝟏 = (0.33)I(1)
( Ω)
𝟑
𝐕𝟏 = 0𝑉
( Ω)
𝟑
---------------------------------
 Total Voltage @ right
′ ′′ ′′′
𝐕 𝟏 = 𝐕(𝟐) + 𝐕(𝟐) + 𝐕(𝟐) + 𝐕(𝟏Ω)
( Ω)
𝟑 𝟑
𝐕𝟏 = 1+2+5+0
( Ω)
𝟑
𝐕𝟏 = 8𝑉
( Ω)
𝟑
SET-UP:
As shown in Figure 4.1, we were given a Circuit 1 trainer kit (EECE471-2 and EEC470),
Circuit 1 trainer power supply (Feedback Power supply PS445), Analog DC ammeter (100mA)
and electronic voltmeter.

Fig. 4.1: The materials used in Experiment 2.

As instructed, we measure the resistances of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 and connect the
resistances in the circuit as shown in Figure 4.2.

Fig. 4.2: The schematic diagram when the 15 V & 5 V DC sources are ON.
 After which, we connect the power supply unit to the main power supply line. We ensure
that the output voltages of the power supply is set and adjusted to 15 V DC for Voltage Source 1
and 5 V for Voltage Source 2 then we connect the supply to the circuit.

Fig. 4.3: The actual set-up when the 15 V and 5 V DC sources are ON.
After gathering the data, we remove the 5 V DC Source by shorting the terminals in the
circuit as shown in Figure 4.4.

Fig. 4.4: The actual set-up when the 15 V DC source is ON.

We placed the 5 V DC source again and remove the 15 DC source as shown in Figure
4.5.
 Fig. 4.5: The actual set-up when the 5 V DC source is ON.
To prove that the measured data are all correct, we simulate the circuit diagrams using
Tina Pro. As shown in Figure 4.6, the measured values and the simulated values obtained in 15V
and 5V DC source are similar to one another.

Fig. 4.6: The simulation when the 15 V and 5 V DC sources are ON.
Also, as shown in Figure 4.7, the measured values and the simulated values obtained only
in 15 V DC source are similar.
 Fig. 4.7: The simulation when the 15 V DC source is ON.
Lastly, as shown in Figure 4.8, the measured values and the simulated obtained only in 5
V DC source are alike.

Fig. 4.8: The simulation when the 5 V DC source is ON.

SAMPLE COMPUTATION:
Calculated Values 𝐼1 = 0.020 𝐴 + (−0.004 𝐴)
(Measured Values) 𝑰𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔 𝑨
For Currents: 𝐼2 = 𝐼2′ + 𝐼2′′
𝐼1 = 𝐼1′ + 𝐼1′′ 𝐼2 = 0.013 𝐴 + (−0.008 𝐴)
𝐼1 = 0.019 𝐴 + (−0.004 𝐴) 𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝑨
𝑰𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝑨
𝐼3 = 𝐼3′ + 𝐼3′′
𝐼2′
𝐼2 = + 𝐼2′′ 𝐼3 = 0.006 𝐴 + 0.004 𝐴
𝐼2 = 0.013 𝐴 + (−0.008 𝐴) 𝑰𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝑨
𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓 𝑨
For Voltages:
𝐼3 = 𝐼3′ + 𝐼3′′ 𝑉1 = 𝑉1′ + 𝑉1′′
𝐼3 = 0.006 𝐴 + 0.004 𝐴 𝑉1 = 1.92 𝑉 + (−0.4 𝑉)
𝑰𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟎 𝑨 𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟐 𝑽
For Voltages: 𝑉2 = 𝑉2′ + 𝑉2′′
𝑉1 = 𝑉1′ + 𝑉1′′ 𝑉2 = 8.96 𝑉 + (−2.04 𝑉)
𝑉1 = 1.91 𝑉 + (−0.4 𝑉) 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟗𝟐 𝑽
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟏 𝑽
𝑉3 = 𝑉3′ + 𝑉3′′
𝑉2 = +𝑉2′ 𝑉2′′ 𝑉3 = 4.12 𝑉 + 2.48 𝑉
𝑉2 = 8.82 𝑉 + (−2.02 𝑉) 𝑽𝟑 = 𝟔. 𝟔𝟎 𝑽
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟔. 𝟖𝟎 𝑽
𝑉4 = 𝑉4′ + 𝑉4′′
𝑉3 = +𝑉3′ 𝑉3′′ 𝑉4 = 1.31 𝑉 + (−0.80 𝑉)
𝑉3 = 4.09 𝑉 + 2.45 𝑉 𝑽𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏 𝑽
𝑽𝟑 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟒 𝑽
𝑉5 = 𝑉5′ + 𝑉5′′
𝑉4 = 𝑉4′ + 𝑉4′′ 𝑉5 = 2.81 𝑉 + (−1.72 𝑉)
𝑉4 = 1.28 𝑉 + (−0.79 𝑉) 𝑽𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟗 𝑽
𝑽𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗 𝑽

𝑉5 = 𝑉5′ + 𝑉5′′
𝑉5 = 2.77 𝑉 + (−1.70 𝑉)
𝑽𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕 𝑽

Calculated Values
(Simulated Values)

For Currents:
𝐼1 = 𝐼1′ + 𝐼1′′
GRAPHS / CURVES
Graph 4.1.1: The relationship between resistance and its voltage.

8
Measured Data
7

4
Voltage (V)
3

0
100 466 675 100 214
Resistance (Ohms)

Graph 4.1.2: The relationship between resistance and its current.

0.016
Measured Data
0.014

0.012

0.01

0.008
Current (I)
0.006

0.004

0.002

0
100 466 675 100 214
Resistance (Ohms)

Graph 4.2.1: The relationship between resistance and its voltage.

8
Simulated Data
7

4
Voltage (V)
3

0
100 466 675 100 214
Resistance (Ohms)

Graph 4.2.2: The relationship between resistance and its current.

0.018
Measured Data
0.016

0.014

0.012

0.01

0.008 Current (I)

0.006

0.004

0.002

0
100 466 675 100 214
Resistance (Ohms)