Types of connectivity:

There are various type of connectivity to get hook on to Internet. They all can be broadly
classified into following category:

(i) Gateway Access

(ii) Dial-up Connection

(iii) Leased Connection

(iv) DSL

(v) Cable Modem Connection

(vi) VSAT

Gateway Access
Gateway Access is also known as Level-One connection. It is the access to the Internet from a
network, which is not on the Internet. The gateway allows the two different types of networks to
“talk” to each other. But the users of the Gateway Internet have limited access to the Internet.

Advantages:
1. Flexibility

2. Security

3. Troubleshooting

Dial-up Connection
‘Dial-up’ connection is also known as Level Two connection. This provides connection to
Internet through a dial-up terminal connection. The computer, which provides Internet access is
known as ‘Host’ and the computer that receives the access, is ‘Client’ or ‘Terminal’. It allows
user to surf the Web at 56 Kbps with graphics.

This type of connection can further be divided into three categories:

1. Shell connection

2. TCP/IP connection

3. ISDN
Advantages:  Low Price
  Secure connection – your IP address continually changes

 Offered in rural areas

Disadvantages:  Slow speed.

 Phone line is required.

Leased Connection
Leased connection is also known as direct Internet access or Level Three connection. It is the
secure, dedicated and most expensive, level of Internet connection. With leased connection, your
computer is dedicatedly and directly connected to the Internet using high speed transmission
lines.

Advantage:  Secure and private

 Speed: symmetrical and direct

 Reliable: minimum down time

Disadvantages:  Leased lines can be expensive to install and rent.

 Not suitable for single or home workers

DSL connection
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is a family of technologies that provides digital data transmission
over the wires of a local telephone network.

Advantages:  Security.
 Integration: DSL will easily interface with ATM and WAN technology.

 High bandwidth

Disadvantages  Distance Dependence

 Expensive

Cable Modem Connection

A cable modem is a type of Network Bridge and modem that provides bi-directional data
communication via radio frequency channels on a HFC and RFoG infrastructure. They are
commonly deployed in Australia, Europe, Asia and Americas.
Advantages  Always Connected.

 Signal Integrity

Disadvantages: Expensive

VSAT
Short for very small aperture terminal(VSAT), an earthbound station used in satellite
communications of data, voice and video signals, excluding broadcast television. A VSAT
consists of two parts, a transceiver that is placed outdoors in direct line of sight to the satellite
and a device that is placed indoors to interface the transceiver with the end user’s
communications device, such as a PC.

Advantages:  Costs Insensitive to Distance

 Single Platform service delivery (one-stop-shop)

 Flexibility

 Upgradeable

Disadvantages:  High start-up costs

 Higher than normal risk profiles

 3-Tier Web Architecture
3 Tier Web Architecture is a unique system of developing web database application which works
around the 3 tier model, comprising of database tier at the bottom, the application tier in the
middle and the client tier at the top. This comprehensive 3 tier architecture module is the
framework for most Web Applications on the Internet.
The basic 3 tier web architecture is shown in figure:

CLIENT TIER: It is also known as Client layer. Top most tier of an

application. This is the tier we see when we use a software. By
using this tier we can access the webpages. The main functionality
of this tier is to communicate with Application tier. This tier passes
the information which is given by the user in terms of keyboard
actions, mouse clicks to the Application tier.

Application Tier: It is also known as logical layer. Application tier

interacts with Database tier and sends required information to the
client tier. It controls an application’s functionality by performing
detailed processing. This tier acts as a mediator between the client
and the Database tier.

Database Tier: The data is stored in this tier. Application tier

communicates with Database tier to retrieve the data. It contains
methods that connects the database and performs required action
e.g.: insert, update, delete etc.

Advantages:
 Improved Data Integrity
 High Degree of Flexibility
 Improved security
 High Performance
 Architecture is scalable, adding users and resources in future would be easy
 Maintenance and modifications can be done effectively
 Code and data reusability can be achieved
Disadvantages:
 3 tier architecture is complex compared to 1 tier and 2 tier
 Cost of network maintenance and deployment is greater than 1 tier and 2 tier

JSP
 It stands for Java Server Pages.
 It is a server side technology.
 It is used for creating web application.
 It is used to create dynamic web content.
 In this JSP tags are used to insert JAVA code into HTML pages.
 It is an advanced version of Servlet Technology.
 It is a Web based technology helps us to create dynamic and platform independent
web pages.
 In this, Java code can be inserted in HTML/ XML pages or both.
 JSP is first converted into servlet by JSP container before processing the client’s
request.
JSP syntax:

1. Declaration Tag :-It is used to declare variables.

Syntax:-
<%! Dec var %>
2. Java Scriplets :- It allows us to add any number of JAVA code, variables and
expressions.
Syntax:-
<% java code %>
3. JSP Expression :- It evaluates and convert the expression to a string.
Syntax:-
<%= expression %>

Features of JSP:
 Coding in JSP is easy
 Reduction in the length of Code
 Connection to Database is easier
 Portable, Powerful, flexible and easy to maintain
 No Redeployment and No Re-Compilation
 Extension to Servlet

Advantages of using JSP

 It does not require advanced knowledge of JAVA
 It is capable of handling exceptions

ASP
 Active Server Pages or Classic ASP, as it is more commonly known, is Microsoft's first
server side scripting engine that enables you to make dynamic and interactive web pages.
 Classic ASP uses server-side scripting to dynamically produce web pages that are not
affected by the type of browser the website visitor is using.
 The default scripting language used for writing ASP is VBScript, although you can use
other scripting languages like Jscript.
 ASP pages are scripts that run, or executed, on the web server. The script is interpreted
from top to bottom to create HTML pages that are sent to the browser for display. As shown
in figure:
ASP Syntax: Asp tags are used to insert ASP codes in html document, the basic structure of Asp
syntax is:

<html>
<body>
<%
ASP code
%>
</body>
</html>

J2EE
 J2EE Stands for Java 2 Enterprise Edition. J2EE is an environment for developing and
deploying enterprise applications.

 J2EE specification is defined by Sun Microsystems Inc. now acquired by Oracle. The J2EE
platform is one of the best platform for the development and deployment of enterprise
applications.

 The J2EE platform is consists of a set of services, application programming interfaces

(APIs), and protocols, which provides the functionality necessary for developing multi-
tiered, web-based applications

What does J2EE comprise?

The full list of technologies that make up J2EE is as follows:

 Java Servlets
 Java Server Pages (JSP)
 Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB)
  Java Message Service (JMS)
 Java Database Connectivity (JDBC)
 Java Mail
 Java Transaction Service (JTS)

Advantages:
 Simplified architecture and development

 Scalability to meet demand variations.

.NET
 .NET is a software framework which is designed and developed by Microsoft. The first
version of .Net framework was 1.0 which came in the year 2002.

 In easy words, it is a virtual machine for compiling and executing programs written in
different languages like C#, VB.Net etc.

It is used to develop Form-based applications, Web-based applications, and Web services.

 There is a variety of programming languages available on the .Net platform, VB.Net

and C# being the most common ones are.

 It is used to build applications for Windows, phone, web etc. It provides a lot of
functionalities and also supports industry standards.

 .NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which 11

programming languages are designed and developed by Microsoft.

Advantages of .NET

 It allows the use of multiple languages

 It has horizontal scalability
 .NET creates a unified environment that allows developers to
create programs in C++, Java or Virtual Basic
 Interfaces easily with Windows or Microsoft
 Language integration is seamless, as you can call methods
from C# to VB.NET