Mufon Ufo Journal

Mufon UFO Journal
Official Publication of the M utual UFO N etw ork Since 1967
CROP CIRCLES: The Mystical View

By Vincent Migliore
Mufon UFO Journal
June 1991 Number 278
CONTENTS
CROP CIRCLES: THE MYSTICAL VIEW ...... ........................................... Vince M igliore 3
HOW TO MEASURE A CIRCLE....................... ..................................... .................................. 9
F-CLASS STARS AS EVOLUTION DRIVERS .................................. Erich A . Aggen, Jr. 10
LOOKING BACK...................................................... ................................................ Bob Gribble 12
THE UFO PR E SS.................................................... ........................................ Michael Chorost 14
IN OTHERS’ WORDS.............................................. .............................................. Lucius Farish 16
LETTERS TO THE EDITOR................................ Salisberrys, Noyes, Shandera, Andrews 17
SYM POSIUM SCHEDULE................................... ........................................................................... 21
THE JULY NIGHT SK Y ........................................ ........................................ Walter N. Webb 22
DIRECTOR’S M ESSAGE........................................ .............................................. Walt Andrus 24
COVER PH O TO ....................................................... ............ Courtesy o f F. C. Busty Taylor
EDITOR C o p y rig h t 1991 by th e M u tu a l U F O N e tw o rk .

Dennis W. Stacy A ll R ig h ts R e se rv e d .
N o p a n o f th is d o c u m e n t m a y b e r e p r o d u c e d in a n y f o r m w ith o u t th e w ritte n p e r m is s io n
ASSOCIATE EDITOR o f th e C o p y r ig h t O w n e r s . P e r m is s io n is h e r e b y g r a n te d t o q u o te u p to 2 0 0 w o rd s o f a n y o n e
a r tic le , p r o v id e d th e a u th o r is c r e d ite d , a n d th e s ta t e m e n t, “ C o p y r ig h t 1991 by th e M u tu a l
Walter H, Andrus, Jr. U F O N e tw o r k , 103 O ld to w n e R d ., S e g u in , T e x a s 7 8 1 5 5 ," is in c lu d e d .
T h e c o n te n ts o f th e M U F O N U F O J o u r n a l a r e d e te r m in e d b y th e e d ito rs a n d d o n o t n e c e s s a rily
COLUMNISTS
r e f le c t th e o f f ic ia l p o s itio n o f th e M u tu a l U F O N e tw o r k .
Walter N. Webb
Robert Gribble T h e M u tu a l U F O N e tw o r k , In c . is e x e m p t fro m F e d e r a l I n c o m e T ax u n d e r S e c tio n 501 (c )
( 3 ) o f th e I n te r n a l R e v e n u e C o d e . M U F O N is a p u b lic ly s u p p o r te d o r g a n iz a tio n o f th e ty p e
Lucius Farish d e s c r ib e d in S e c tio n 5 0 9 (a ) (2 ). D o n o r s m a y d e d u c t c o n tr ib u tio n s f r o m th e ir F e d e r a l In
c o m e I h x . B e q u e s ts , le g a c ie s , d e v is e s , tr a n s f e r s o r g if ts a r e a lso d e d u c tib le f o r e s ta te a n d
g i f t p u r p o s e s , p r o v id e d th e y m e e t th e a p p lic a b le p r o v is io n s o f S e c tio n s 2 0 5 5 ,2 1 0 6 a n d 2 5 2 2
o f th e In te r n a l R e v e n u e C o d e ,
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3
CROP CIRCLES: The Mystical View

Vince Migliore
Technical writer M ilgiore is a ~rrr

MXJFON field investigator, as well as
State Director for Lake and Sonoma
Counties, California.
In April 1991 two leading English

researchers on the crop circle
phenomenon, George Wingfield and
John Haddington, visited California on
a lecture tour. On April 14 they ap
. peared fo r a six-hour presentation co
sponsored by MUFON and Starrion
Productions o f San Francisco. This
report is a summary o f their talk with
some additional information culled
from newsletters and periodicals com
ing out o f England.
he current theories on the mech
T anism and the meaning of crop

circles fall very roughly into two
camps, the Natural and the Mystical.
The leading hypothesis in the Natural
camp is the atmospheric plasma vortex
theory advanced by Terence Meaden of
TORRO. This postulates that wind cur
rents are manipulated by surrounding
hills to create whirling air currents and
ionized plasmas that form the patterns.
There are numerous aviation safety
studies that describe the power and un
predictability of air turbulence. Critics
claim, however, that the complexity and
precision of the crop pictograms rules
out natural causes. They further claim
there is a link to the many ancient stone
tumuli (ceremonial sites such as
Stonehenge) that dot the English coun
tryside. The plasma vortex theorists
counter that the phenomenon has been
going on for many years and that there
may even be some hoaxers who sup
plement the natural formations.
In their lecture, George Wingfield So-called “double pictogram” formed on July 27,1990, between the East and
and John Haddington are quick to West Ken nett Long Barrows, Wiltshire. Photo by George W ingfield from The
dismiss the plasma vortex theory. “On Crop Circle Enigma (Gateway Books, Bath, UK), edited by Ralph Noyes. One
ly the most hardened skeptics still cling of a series o f eight color postcards available from the Centre for Crop Circle
to that version of events,” claimed Studies or Gateway: The Hollies, Wellow, Bath, BA2 8QJ. Does the forma
Wingfield at the start. He went on to tion point directly toward or away from Silbury Hill in the distance, Europe’s
list some of the more perplexing find- largest prehistoric man-made mound?
MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

ings associated with genuine crop
circles, and why he feels they are not
hoaxes. These include:
1. The stalks are bent but not broken.
They are essentially undamaged.
2. Some impressions are only light
ly imprinted, an effect difficult to hoax.
3. There is a fine structure to the laid
crop. There are sharp edges, and at
times multiple layers in different
directions.
4. Many of the shapes are elliptical.
Hoaxes would more likely be circles.
5. There are sometimes narrow rings
surrounding the circles. These are con
centric with the center circle, and are
sometimes only a few inches wide. It’s
impossible to view these rings at ground
level without wading through and
damaging the crop, yet there are no
signs of anyone entering the field.
6. The presence of “grapeshot,” The first “double pictogram” appeared July 11,1990 at Alton Barnes, near
numerous small circles adjacent to the Adam's Grave, Vale o f Fewsey. One hundred and thirty-five meters long, it
main formation. attracted thousands o f curious visitors. Photo by Alick Bartholomew from
7. The phenomenon is worldwide. Enigma.
8. The scope and precision of the
large pictograms, often several hundred claims the glyphs never cross natural teraction with ancient tumuli, chemical
feet long. boundaries, there appears a pattern that reactions from the soil, gas emissions,
9. Eyewitness accounts of circles ap intersects a hedgerow, stops, then con etc. A menagerie of animals has also
pearing as if an invisible force were tinues on the other side. been suggested, including pigs,
pressing down the crop. With a rapt audience, Wingfield and hedgehogs, birds, foxes, even worms.
10. A large number of formations, Haddington didn’t go very far in ad None of these concepts however seems
over 1000 reported in England in 1990 dressing the possibility that the forma able to explain all, or even most of the
alone (see Table 1). tions are the result of natural processes. odd characteristics of this mystery.
11. The Operation Blackbird hoax Even if hoaxes and wind vortices are The underlying assumption of the
was easily detected as fraudulent. ruled out, there may be other natural mystical view is that the agriglyphs have
12. Dowsing evidence. With a high forces at work. These alternative symbolic meaning, and are therefore the
degree of consistency dowsers report hypotheses are discussed in some of the result of an unknown intelligence.
the pictograms lie across or along ley many fine books and newsletters from Clearly, the first impression most
lines. England (see Sources below). Other witnesses have is that there is informa
One curious observation is that many natural theories for the creation of the tion in these patterns. The only remain
pictograms seem to be oriented with cro p circles include magnetic ing question then is what do they mean?
their major axis along the tram lines anomalies, seismic events, sound With the tremendous increase in the
that farmers use to spray their crops. waves, electromagnetic radiation, number of formations in 1990, a
American farmers generally use crop cosmic radiation, some form of in number of experts in various fields
duster aircraft to spray insecticide, but
the British use tractors that ride along
Table 1. Count o f Crop Circle Formations
these tram lines. Wingfield relates a
story of how one former, determined to YEAR COUNT
outwit the supposed hoaxers, decided
1985 17
not to spray his crops. Despite the lack
of tram lines, and much to the frustra 1986 17
tion of the former, his crops exper 1987 75
ienced a large pictogram shortly 1988 no
thereafter. This is typical of the con 1989 305
founding effect the circles seem to 1990 1000+
display. Just when one researcher

5
in the moonlight and create mischief in
the cottage kitchen. Less well known
are the reports of time travel, circles in
the grass known as fairy rings, and the
offerings of (curiously) wheat cakes
from the Good People.
In any case the crop circles began to
be linked to some of the rich folklore
of the area. The Good People are
known by other names, such as
leprechauns, the L ittle People,
Gnomes, etc. There was even a recent
report of a small man with bright red
hair and beard seen perched high in a
tree near a crop formation. The red
haired dwarf is found both in Celtic
myths and the UFO phenomenon.
As the simple circles evolved, one of
the first inferred symbols was the quin
cunx (Figure 1-a without the bottom
circle). This was followed by the long
cross (Figure 1-a), and became labeled
the Celtic Cross (Figure 1-b). This is
just one example of why Wingfield and
Figure 1. Crop Patterns Likened to the Celtic Cross
Haddington feel there is “very distinctly
a spiritual connection.” If this symbol
does in feet correspond to the Celtic
have been exposed to and are ex The Crop Circle Enigma, edited by Cross, then there is a clear link with
pounding on the circles. Visitors, in Ralph Noyes. This must-read book can age-old beliefs.
cluding Wingfield and Haddington, in be likened to Jacques Vallee’s Passport
frequently report the presence of “a to Magonia, which inextricably linked Stones & Tumuli
high-pitched trilling sound,” and several the UFO phenomenon with a long
have recorded anomalies and malfunc history of folklore and fortean events. Stonehenge is the most pouplar of an
tions on electronic devices. Others In the same manner, the current rage cient stone ceremonial circles. Quite a
claim blue and red flashes of light, in England is to link the crop circles large number of these monuments are
translucent orange spheres and other to the Celtic fairy faith, ancient tumuli, scattered throughout the British Isles
optical effects. This suggests there are neolithic religions, channeling, dows and northern France, but the heaviest
transients all across the electromagnetic ing, a variety of present-day super concentration is in the south and west
spectrum. natural events and of course UFOs. of England, exactly where the
Up to this point there is not much agriglyphs are found in such abun
debate on the data collection methods, Celtic Folklore dance. Again, these sites have historical
but what follows is a bit more con and spiritual significance, and the cor
troversial. Wingfield and Haddington The Fairy Faith so popular in the relation is seen as significant by some
reflect the most popular mystical inter British Isles brings to mind the elusive cereologists.
pretations, such as those advanced in little fairies that paint the flowers, dance Silbury Hill is an earthen pyramid
estimated to be at least 2600 years old,
with a rich history of religious and
mythical connotations. According to
Wingfield, over 40 formations have ap
peared in the immediate proximity of
this artificial mound. Another more re
cent monument is the White Horse of
Uffington, “a symbol of the gateway be
tween the physical and the spiritual
worlds.” Several pictograms have been
found that conspicuously align with
Silbury Hill and the White Horse.

6
Though the source is unknown, many Ancient stone sites, symbols from a tograms in 1991, and we’ll have to wait
people report the presence of an energy variety of antique faiths, and the general to see if that proves to be true. Reports
inside the ancient tumuli and the pre atmosphere that something supernatural that the phenomenon is continuing in
sent crop circles. Unfortunately, reac is occurring all lead to the conclusion 1991 have now been received. There are
tions vary widely across the spectrum. that this is a religious phenomenon. also psychic suggestions that the small
Most report a sense of awe, some a feel There is an undercurrent that this “grapeshot” circles found near many
ing of exhilaration. Yet others ex mystery is not just an awakening, but larger formations may represent astro
perience nausea and even blackouts. Pat a re-awakening. “Many people are nomical constellations.
Delgado (Crop Circles, the Latest coming to visit,” Haddington notes.
Evidence) tells how his dog refused to “ They don’t know why they come, but Dowsing
enter the circle, but Wingfield reports they know they absolutely have to be
on a dog that had no adverse reaction, there.” Dowsing is another of those dis
and actually started eating the crop ciplines that is held suspect by those
once inside the circle! Channeling who worship the god of Western
Stonehenge has been found to be an Science. Nevertheless, dowsing plays a
ingenious astronomical calendar, and Channeling is one of those tools that major role in crop circle geomancy.
the layout of its stones is remarkably tends to obscure or clarify your com Wingfield, Haddington and just about
similar to some of the agriglyphs. prehension of crop circles, depending all the newsletters out of England refer
Whether the modern formations have on your faith. And faith it seems, plays frequently to dowsable ley lines.
astronomical significance seems to have a primary role here, as we delve deeper Stonehenge and many of the tumuli
less urgency than the idea that there is into the occult sciences. Any psy have strong dowsable lines, and many
intelligence behind them. chologist will tell you that you will see of the pictograms reportedly have
and perceive what you want to see, dowsable lines along the major and
Religions what you are motivated to see, and what minor axis.
your mental makeup tells you is possi Haddington reports that the ley lines
The already mentioned Celtic cross ble. My mission here is to relate what “seem to be increasing in energy,
is not the only religious symbol seen Wingfield and Haddington report, and almost like there’s a global network,
in the crop circles. The quincunx, for what’s written in the literature. With like a nervous system” is responsible.
instance, may be associated with the that caveat, let’s move on. Gaia, the living Earth, and Ceres, the
Hindu god Shiva Shakti (destroyer of Wingfield and other researchers have goddess of com are also linked to the
worlds). A “swastika” formation has used channelers to gain information on crop circles. Some dowsers claim there
also been identified and appears on the the circles. One claimed they are be is another dimension to the glyphs, that
cover of The Crop Circle Enigma. This ing made by “The Shining Ones,” a they can measure a force above the
of course predates Hitler, and is taken group of angelic sages that built Silbury ground for many feet into the air above
to mean “ the totality of universe” ac Hill 4500 years ago. They disappeared the pattern in the cereal.
cording to Wingfield, or in later English in the Neolithic period, when man
simply good luck. Also commonly began to lose his spiritual connection Present Day Events
found are “dumbbell” figures, two with the earth, and are returning now
circles of slightly different diameters to help in the upcoming transition. For The crop circles are now appearing
connected by a central shaft (Figure 2). further reference see “Cairns and Crop in other countries. Many New Age
This has been likened to the Hindu “Va Circles” by Michael Foynder, Kindred disciples feel the pictograms are just
jra,” a tool used for rituals and initia Spirit magazine, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter one more manifestation of a global,
tions. The Vajra symbolizes the un 1990. Another feels the crop circles are spiritual change that is evolving all over
breakable. For further reading see “The the result of an exercise of the collec tire world, with links to such seemingly
Year of the Vajra” by John Haddington tive consciousness of mankind. The diverse events as the falling of the
in Global Link Up, Autumn 1990. collective consciousness is a concept Berlin wall, the environmental move
Some of the crop circle patterns re that all of mankind, or all living m ent, and the popularity of
quire a moderate stretch of the imagina organisms, share a common mental vegetarianism.
tion in order to equate them with the connection, a theory championed by Another of the mysteries presently
more traditional symbols referred to noted psychiatrist Carl Jung. occurring is the appearance of the
here. Wingfield cautions however that Other psychics have been successful Blessed Virgin Mary (BVM) in a little
these are “ mystical symbols, not in with predicting the date and time of hamlet in central Yugoslavia, the town
tellectual symbols - they speak to us future circles. At least partially suc of Medjugorje. With remarkable
through the subconscious.” Some of the cessful anyway, as one predicted the parallels to the BVM appearances at
patterns, he reports, are also known to place, but the timing was off by a few Fatima, several children have been
the Navajo Indians, and can be seen in weeks. Several have predicted an in receiving messages urging prayer and
Indian sand paintings. crease in the complexity of the pic- fasting. One Roman Catholic nun, a
MUPON UFO JOURNAL Not 278 June 1991

Figure 3. Left: 1990 pictogram near Lancing, Sussex, The Cerealogist, No. 3, Spring 1991. Right: drawing from
unidentified photograph from Haddington display. (Not to scale.)
Sister Mary Michael, has studied both taining many linked patterns) appeared removed without a trace of disturbance
the events at Medjugorje and the crop on April 6, 1990. Haddington suggests to the surrounding ground. There is no
circles. She feels the markings are this pictogram may be a precursor for spilled dirt, and the evacuations occur
something evil. Most other researchers the June 1991 event. unseen in the middle of the night.
disagree. Likewise, there are a series of holes
One of the Medjugoije predictions is in the earth appearing in Switzerland. UFOs
that the BVM will leave a permanent The holes may be related to crop
mark on the earth on June 6,1991. One circles, as there are no footprints The favored refrain among mystical-
particularly symbolic pictogram (con around, yet many cubic yards of soil are minded researchers is that UFOs are

8
responsible for the crop circles, or more
broadly, the same force responsible for
crop circles is behind UFO exper
iences. There are a variety of eye
witness accounts of red glowing orbs,
blue flashes of light, large translucent
orange spheres and silvery metallic
globes sited in the fields. There is a
record of a Mr. Bryce Bond in the
Spring 1991 Cerealogist of how he was
in a field when he felt paralyzed, then
received a communication: “Be at
peace. We mean no harm. You are
standing in the middle of our craft. We
are not of your dimension.”
Wingfield and Haddington tell of how
one night they were standing watch for
crop circles. It was about 3:00 a.m .,
and there were 12 people in the group,
including a psychic. They heard a high-
pitched “trilling sound.” The sound
seemed difficult to localize, but at one The above formation appeared at Barn Field, Cbeesefoot Head, near Win
point appeared to be just outside of the chester, Wiltshire, on August U , 1990. Photo by Busty Thylor, again from
crop formation they were standing in. Enigma and the postcard series.
Haddington felt there was “a presence”
in the area. The psychic woman pleaded
“If you can hear us, stop.” The trilling Wingfield was asked what he thought Tavistock Close, Romsey, Hampshire SOS1
noise immediately stopped, then re the significance was of these crop 7TY, England.
sumed again. Another witness, view circles. He responded that they may Kindred Spirit, Foxhole. Darlington,
ing from a point some distance away, signal the next stage in the evolution of Totnes, Devon TR9 6EB, England.
claims he saw a UFO above the group man. He urged those present to come Global Link Up, 51 Northwick Business
at the time of the noise, but those in the to England and visit die circles. “ It’s Centre, Blockley. Gls, GL56 9RF,
group saw nothing unusual. Haddington an experience that cannot be described England.
meanwhile witnessed a most strange in words.” You must participate. The Crop Circle Enigma, edited by Ralph
event when looking into the night - Whether you are mystical-minded or Noyes, Gateway Books, UK.
several hundred black rods seemed to Crop Circles, the Latest Evidence, Pat
grounded in academic science, the crop
Delgado and Colin Andrews, Bloomsbury
be dancing among the stalks. Others in circles prove to be an ongoing enigma. Publishing, UK.
the group confirm this account. Since the circles are repeating, have North American Institute of Crop Cir
Another witness, Ron Jones, also ex measurable electromagnetic and visual cle Research, 649 Silverstone Avenue,
perienced the trilling noise. One night anomalies, and seem to contain a sym Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2V8, Canada.
he heard the sound in his home. He was bolic message, this mystery may be a
immediately transported to a field, fertile field (paFdon the pun) to in
where he saw a whirl of lights. Then, vestigate. For those interested, I recom
just as quickly, he found himself back mend the following sources, as well as
Opposite: How to measure a Circle,
in his own bed. All of these experiences the excellent bibliography compiled
reprinted with permission from The
smack of the UFO phenomenon, in by Michael Chorost, and listed in the
Circular, Volume 2, Number 1, the
cluding reports of high strangeness. April 1991 issue of the MUFON UFO
quarterly journal of the Centre for
George Wingfield advises us to keep Journal.
Crop Circle Studies, Bob Kingsley
an open mind. He hints that certain pic-
editor. Original diagram by profes
tograms may actually be drawings of The Cerealogist. 20 Paul Street, Frome. sional surveyor Peter Baitlie.
entities, such as those from the Celtic Somerset, BAD 1DX, England.
myths. Figure 3 shows two examples. The Journal of Meteorology, T. Meaden,
52 Frome Road. Bradford-on-Avon,
Conclusion Wiltshire BA15 1LD. England.
The Circular, 58 Kings Road. West End.
During the question-and-answer Waking, Surrey GU24 9LW, England.
period after the lecture George The Crop Witcher, 3 Selboume Court,

9
:•• ' ;v.
9EKTTRB RQR pfllOP CIRCLE STUDIES -rss
■$L
GSnERRL ROTES
1. Locate the north as accurately a T
possible.
2. Relate the figure to some !
immovable object i.e., permanent
fence, large tree etc, by means of
tuio dimensions. (This will not
always be possible).
3. Two measurements are required
at each circle to ensure an
accurate record of the diameter.
i.e., dimensions R. B and J to be
approx 90 degrees to dimensions
C , □ and H.
L. Dimension L is to be taken at the
mid point of the chord, dimension
K. ^
G. Dimension fl may be any

convenient measurement
greater than dimension F.
6. Any other offshoots to the main
figure should be measured and
recorded i.e., dimensions Q and
R also relate to main figure by
two measurements i.e.,
dimensions G and T.
7. Dimensions may be obtained in
either metric or Imperial measure.
Rn Indication of Data Required from scale drg.by date STAflDRRD ORAUJinG

members Investigating Crop Circles n.t.s. PDB Jan SI Ho 1991/01
MUPON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

10
F-CLASS STARS AS EVOLUTION DRIVERS

By Erich A . Aggen, Jr.
A frequent Journal contributor, tion. Scientific studies have shown that system such as ours. F-class stars have
Aggen is a State Section Director who an increase in the amount of “hard” ra a much larger habitability zone or
lives in Kansas City. diation reaching the Earth’s surface “ecosphere” than G, K or M-class
would increase the incidence of mutation stars. If our sun suddenly became an
stronomers and astrophysicists from about 0.1% at present to over 50%! F-class star the “temperate” life zone
A have estimated the number of

advanced technological civiliza
tions in our galaxy at between one
million to 10 million inhabited worlds.
Our sun and most of the stars in the
outer rim of our galaxy are so-called
“Population I” stars - young blue stars
rich in the heavier elements and metals.
that Earth occupies would be shifted
farther out to the gas giants such as
Jupiter and Saturn and the inner planets
would become too hot to sustain life.
Most scientists have assumed that G- These stars have a greater chance of If the size and distance relation of the
class stars like our own sun offer the possessing life-bearing planets than the planets in our system is typical, planets
best possibilities for the evolution of life older, mainly red “ Population II” stars within the ecosphere of an F-class star
and intelligence. This assumption may located in the nucleus of the galaxy. could be somewhat larger than the “ter
be in error, however, if researchers such Population I stars in the F5 to K5 range restrial” planets such as Earth. They
as K.A. Ehricke, F.J. Dyson, F.D. (6600-3900° K) offer the best prospects might resemble planets such as Jupiter
Drake, I.S. Shklovsky and Su-Shu for life. F-class stars have stable and Saturn with their huge gaseous at
Huang are correct. According to these lifetimes of 4 to 6 billion years com mospheres boiled off leaving solid
scientists different classes of stars can pared to 11 to 17 billion years for G- rocky cores; they would be about 30%
act as “accelerators” or “brakes” on the class stars. F-class stars are hotter in to 260% more massive than Earth.
evolution of planetary life. G-class stars temperature and slightly larger than G- Conversely, if the size and distance con
may not be the most effective “in class stars. On Earth, higher surface straints of our system are not typical,
cubators” of life; other classes of stars temperatures have been shown to ac such planets would have to be at the
may provide more optimal conditions.1 celerate metabolic processes and the proper distance from their sun and no
Solar radiation appears to play a ma rate of mutation. Warmer oceans, for more than 30% larger or 14% smaller
jor role in affecting those factors which example, tend to maximize the effects than Earth to maintain the optimum
drive evolution. The evolution of life of mutation on water-based organisms. conditions for life.3’4
is dependent on the rate of favorable On F-class planets the amount of high- There are 130 to 200 billion stars in
mutational changes and radical “leaps” energy solar radiation reaching the sur our galaxy; of this number about 18%
in development triggered by solar radia face would also increase the probabili are F-class stars and 14% are G-class
tion and specific environmental factors. ty of climatic change - another driver stars. If we eliminate the three out of
This interaction is readily evident on of evolution. Intelligent life may evolve four F-class stars thought to be white
our own planet. The rate of mutation faster on such planets as compared to dwarfs or giants, we are left with a
has been more rapid on the land and planets in the cooler, G, K and M-class potential galactic population of 6 to 9
slower and more predictable in the star systems.2 billion F-class stars that may possess
oceans. Sea life has been more insulated Intelligent life evolving on a planet promising planetary systems. If we fur
from solar radiation and less subject to in an F-class star system would in ther reduce this number by consider
environmental upheavals. As a result, evitably be forced to develop interstellar ing only those F-class stars in the most
although sea-based Cetacean in travel or face the prospect of being favorable spectral sub-classes (F5 - F9),
telligence is theoretically equal to our destroyed when their star swelled into we arrive at an estimate of 3.4 to 5.2
own, the development of manipulative a Giant. It would be necessary for F- billion F-class star systems that may
organs and technology has given man class civilizations to improvise star- harbor life in various stages of evolu
the ability to dominate all other forms flight capability earlier (or faster) than tion. In addition, many or most F-class
of life on Earth. G, K or M-class civilizations in order star systems may contain more than one
A higher rate of mutation may result to insure their survival. If this inhabitable planet because of their
when life in its early stages is subjected hypothesis is correct, a large number larger ecospheres. The existence of
to highly energetic solar radiation. This of star-faring alien races may come more than one inhabited planet in such
in turn would speed up evolution and from F-class star systems. a system would provide a powerful in
hasten the emergence of higher forms centive for the early development of
of life. The radiation-rich environments ife may have a much better spaceflight technology and in
of planets in F-class star systems would
encourage mutations and “drive” evolu L chance of gaining a “ foothold”
in F-class star systems than in a
terplanetary travel. By most conser
vative estimates, the number of ad-

11
vanced alien civilizations in these
systems could range from several hun 7b survive, the inhabitants of these systems would have to
dred thousand to several million.5 abandon their home planets and migrate to planets farther
One of the major arguments against
finding intelligent life in F-class star out in their solar systemsf or travel to other stars in search
systems is the short lifetime of F-class of a new home.
stars. This criticism is based on the
relatively long lifetimes of G-class stars itial stages of expansion into a Giant. stated or inferred that they come from
like our own sun. Some scientists con Although this period of stellar expan a dying sun or solar system.
tend that stars must remain stable on sion would take several million years, References
the “ Main Sequence” for longer than the detrimental effects on planetary en 1. Lunan, Ducan. Interstellar Contact.
four to six billion years for sentient life vironments would be felt much earlier. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1974.
to evolve from primitive multicellular To survive, the inhabitants of these 2. Ehricke, Krafft A. “Astrogenic En
organisms. This assertion, however, is systems would have to abandon their vironments.” Spaceflight, Vol. 14, No. 1,
based on the evolutionary history of our home planets and migrate to planets far January 1972.
own planet and the statistical observa ther out in their solar systems (if they 3. Heppenheimer, T.A. Toward Distant
tion of much less than 1% of galactic exist), or travel to other stars in search Suns. New Tfork: Fawcett Columbine
stars; the solitary example of Garth may of a new home. Books, 1979.
not be typical for the rest of the galaxy. In the final analysis, the hypothetical 4. Ley, Willy. Gas Giants. New \brk:
There are no valid scientific reasons inhabitants of certain F-class star McGraw-Hill Company, 1969.
why life cannot evolve and progress to systems may closely resemble the ubi 5. Macvey, John W. Journey to Alpha
Centauri. New York: The Macmillan Com
an advanced technological stage in less quitous “gray aliens” described in pany, 1965.
than four billion years. 6-7 ufological literature, i.e., small beings 6. Powers, Robert M. The Coattails o f
In conclusion, we can extrapolate that with reptilian-like skin and large, black God. New York: Warner Books, Inc., 1981.
life-bearing planets in F-class star insect-like eyes. It is also interesting to 7. Berry, Adrian. The Next Ten Thousand
systems will most likely have less note the unusual number of cases in Years. New York: New American Library,
diverse forms of life than planets in G- which the “grays” and other aliens have Inc., 1975.
class systems owing to the relatively
high amounts of solar radiation
reaching the surface. Only the fittest
forms of life would survive on planets Calendar of UFO Conferences for 1991
of F-class stars. Such lifeforms, in June 27, 28 & 29 — 12th Rocky Mountain Conference on UFO Investiga
telligent and otherwise, would probably tions - University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY
be very resistant to various types of
energetic radiation, high levels of at July 5, 6 & 7 — MUFON 1991 International UFO Symposium - Hyatt
Regency O'Hare Hotel at O’Hare International Airport near Chicago,
mospheric ionization and changing en Illinois
vironmental conditions. The hotter en
vironments and higher surface gravities August 16, 17 & 18 — Sixth International UFO Congress - Central
Library Theater, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England
possible on planets w ithin the
ecospheres of F-class stars would tend August 23-25 — Disney World’s UFO/ET & Abduction Congress - The
Grosvenor Resort, Disney World, Orlando, Florida
to produce smaller lifeforms with
higher metabolic rates, tougher and September 7 & 8 — The UFO Mystery - Sebel Townhouse Hotel, Eliza
more leathery (or lizard-like) skins and beth Bay, Sydney, Australia
eyes adapted to the more intense blue September 13 & 14 — 28th Annual National UFO Conference - Holiday
light spectrum produced by F-class Inn, Cleveland/Airport, Cleveland, Ohio
stars. September 29 — New Hampshire MUFON UFO Conference - Yokens
Intelligent life located on planets Convention Center, Portsmouth, New Hampshire
within the inner ecospheres of F-class
October 3-6 — International UFO Congress - Sponsored by European
stars may be adapted to dry, desert-like UFO Network, Belguim
surface conditions. Faced with such
harsh environments, an intelligent October 12 & 13 — The UFO Experience - Holiday Inn, North Haven,
Connecticut
species might elect to live most of the
time in underground dwellings rather October 12 & 13 — Fourth Symposium on Ufology and Exobiology - Sao
than stay on the surface. Eventually, Paulo, Brazil
however, all advanced forms of life on October 19 — Show-Me UFO Conference III - Holiday Inn Airport-West,
F-class planets may be forced to move Bridgeton, Missouri. Near St. Louis Airport
underground as their sun enters the in

12
Looking Back
Bob Gribble
J u n e 1951 ■ About 10:37 a.m. on tilted to an approximate 45-degree angle about 3:30 a.m. on the 24th, when he
the 15th, several French Air Force jets and went straight up until it disap noticed some lights hanging low in the
encountered a UFO over Orange, peared.” (Source: Flying Saucer Review sky. He approached to investigate and
France. Flying a Vampire jet on the — Sept.-Oct. 1966) observed a light-colored, dirigible
training flight were Lieutenants Prio shaped craft with a string of alternating
Jrence and Raymond Gallibert who ■ Mrs. Gordon M. Avery, of Mt. yellow and white lights around the edge.
were in constant radio communication Sunapee, New Hampshire, said she saw When he tried to get close, the object
with the tower at Orange Field. In an a white-aval-shaped object about 4 a.m. started moving away, stopping until he
interview, Lt. Prio declared: “We were on the 16th while investigating the caught up, then moving again. Stevens
flying in an absolutely cloudless sky source of a brilliant light illuminating was soon chasing the craft at more than
when right over Orange we perceived her living room. To the east, she saw 100 m iles per hour along the
an object of bright metallic appearance the craft apparently hovering a few feet Richmond-Henrico Turnpike. The
at an altitude of between 1600 and 1700 above the utility wires. As she watched, UFO kept ahead of him, following
feet. The object was circular and ap a jagged extension protruded from the every twist and turn of the road. “ I
peared to be of aluminum and was object and seemed to touch the wires. trailed it across the Chickahominy
perfectly motionless. Naturally in It had no apparent physical effect. After River into Hanover County about six
terested, we made toward it, the disc about five minutes, the rod retracted miles,” Stevens said. “Out in Hanover
‘see-sawed’ for a moment and then took and the craft began moving northeast, it kind of stopped for a little bit, then
off at a rapidly increasing speed. We accelerating and disappearing over a went into a high speed vertical climb.
chased it as far as Aspes-sur-Buech mountain at high speed. (Source: The It didn’t just disappear all of a sudden,
without being able to catch up, the UFO Investigator — Oct .-Nov. 1966) it climbed out of sight.” The pursuit had
climbing speed of our Vampire being lasted about 15 minutes. (Source:
inadequate. After we had pursued it for H Julian Sandoval, an Apollo Space Mysteries o f the Skies; The News
six minutes, the object disappeared, still Project engineer, a pilot and former Air Leader — Richmond, \A — 7 / 21 /66)
climbing at a speed of about 600 miles Force navigator, spotted a large UFO
per hour.” (Source: UFOs: A History over Placitas, New Mexico — about 18 ■ Peter Rasmussen was standing
1951) miles north of Albuquerque — about watch aboard a ship some 800 miles
3:45 p.m. on the 23rd, and watched it southwest of Hawaii about 3:40 a.m.
1 9 6 6 ■ State Police and Air Force in for about an hour and a half. Sandoval on the 26th, when he noticed an
telligence officers joined forces in pro said the craft appeared to be stationary unusual light on the starboard quarter.
bing the story of a New Bedford, at about 12,000 feet, was about 300 feet After watching it for about 10 minutes,
Massachusetts motorist who said his long, that its main body had a blunt end it flared up very bright and started mov
car was “buzzed” at treetop level by a and was “ incandescent” like a regular ing toward the ship. It stopped and
UFO on the 11th. The episode occurred light bulb. “It’s like nothing we have,” hovered directly above the ship. The
at 3:45 a.m. in suburban Westport. “An Sandoval said. The object finally disap light soon became a huge disc-shaped
object whose illumination seemed to peared in a northeasterly direction after object (“bigger than the 465-foot ship”)
vary between an amber-green and a making a vertical climb and increasing which hovered silently over the ship for
bluish-yellow, came up from behind its speed to about six Machs (six times several minutes. Rasmussen described
and I gradually became aware of it the speed of sound). Sandoval had the craft as having a solid center —
hovering over my car,” Ronald Petit logged 7000 hours of flying time, was possibly metal — with a pulsating white
said. “Then it moved ahead and 1 could employed by North American Aviation light. “The outer rim or halo seemed
see it quite clearly. I slowed my car and and was in charge of electrical power to be some sort of force field. It was
the object appeared to stop. I drove to and environmental control with the semi-transparent, as I could see stars
within about 100 feet, stopped, got out Apollo Project. (Source: The Christian through it.” Three other long-time
and took a close look.” Petit said he Science Monitor — 7/11/66; also seamen, including the ship’s captain,
stared at the “thing” for at least two Aliens From Space) also saw the object. They estimated the
minutes before leaping back into the height above the ship to be around
safety of his car. “When I slammed the H Richmond, Virginia Police Officer 10,000 feet and the diameter of the craft
door,” he said, “the glowing object William L. Stevens, Jr., was on patrol (the solid portion) to be about 600 to
MUFON UTO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

13
700 feet. After hovering over the ship we were scared out of our wits.” At strange sphere was seen some 60 yards
for about 10 minutes it went straight up least six other residents reported see off the road. “ It was very large, about
at a high rate of speed and soon disap ing the object. (Source 7he Desert Sun the size of a three-story building, and
peared. (Source: The Press Democrat — Palm Springs, CA — 6/12/76) as perfectly round as if drawn by a com
— Santa Rosa, CA — 10/28/66) pass,” Dr. Padron said. “It was of a
■ On the 13th, Manual Gomez, a grayish-blue color, but transparent —
1971 ■ An elderly woman living at rancher in Dulce, New Mexico, we could see the stars right through it.
Hudson’s Beach, Waluku, Auckland, reported that he discovered one of his It was suspended a few feet above the
New Zealand, described an experience cows mutilated in the middle of a ground.
she had about the first week in June: pasture — with several organs removed “There were two figures toward the
“I live alone and I was having a cup “with a sharp instrument.” Gomez center of the sphere. They were well
of tea between 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. The returned the following day with State over six feet tall. They were either
tide comes to my gate and this morn Police and a county livestock inspec dressed in brilliant red or red in color.
ing it was in, but not right up. I drew tor, only to find additional parts of the Their feces were flesh colored and
my curtain a little to peep out and 1 saw animal apparently also surgically human in appearance. I could not see
what I took to be three men chatting on removed. A subsequent investigation of any ears because they wore a kind of
the beach. I thought it must be some the area reportedly revealed triangular clothlike helmet or turban on their
chaps cleaning fish. Then I said to tracks in a tripod pattern near the car heads. Their head gave off a glow, like
myself ‘not at 3 a.m.’ Outside the gate cass which, according to a scientific a halo or aura. They had pointed, wing
is a pine tree and through the big branch consultant, had radiation levels twice like appendages on the end of their
of the pine shone a very bright red light the normal background level. No other arms that they moved slowly like hands.
which hovered slightly. The figures tracks, including human footprints or They seemed intent on some sort of
seemed to be shrouded in a grey mist. tire tracks, could be identified. The control panel. Suddenly the car radio
A little later a silver strip appeared on State Police also discovered a “sticky went dead and we felt a terrible cold
the water and appeared to light the way substance,” yellow in color, on some ness. The object began to lift off — and
back for the men to get on the red ball. plants in the immediate area near the seemed to be growing steadily larger as
As I watched, the silver strip disap tripod tracks, adding that some of the it rose.” Shocked and frightened by
peared and the red ball moved o f f ...” plants appeared to be scorched and dy what they’d seen, they brought the car
(Source: The Truth — Auckland, New ing. Wild predators would not approach to a screeching halt — and sought
Zealand — 6/15/71) the remains of the cow for at least 72 refuge in the nearby farmhouse of Paco
hours after the discovery. A calf the cow Rodriguez.
1 9 7 6 1 Mrs. Nancy Shuken and Mrs. had been nursing was also missing. On Just before Dr. Padron and the driver
Zelda Segall saw what they described the same evening the cow was knocked at his front door, Rodriguez
as a “dirigible-shaped object” that ap discovered, a UFO was reported over recalled that his TV set suddenly and
peared to hover over Segall’s home in Dulce. (Source; Signal & Saugus mysteriously went dead. When the
Palm Springs, California, about 9:30 E nterprise — N ew hall, CA — farmer let the men in, they all rushed
p.m. on the ninth. “We were in Zelda’s 7/19/76) to the window. "We could see the ob
backyard when we looked up and saw ject clearly — a bright bluish sphere
it,” Mrs. Shuken said. “It was huge and H An enormous UFO — the height of with two red objects inside that looked
bright.” Mrs. Segall said she rushed to a three-story building — seen hovering like human forms. I dived to the floor,
find her camera, but when she tried to over the Canary Islands on the 22nd left covered my head with my arms and
take a picture of the object, the flash scientists, military authorities and yelled- to my wife to do the same. We
refused to work. “What was really dozens of other witnesses completely stayed there until the doctor told us it
strange,” she added, “ was that when I dumbfounded. Two of the witnesses, a had gone away.” The driver, Francisco
took a picture of something else, the respected medical doctor and his driver, Esteves, declared: “I also saw the two
dam thing worked. But when I tried saw within the globe-shaped transparent figures. I could see that they had very
taking a picture of the object, nothing.” object two “extremely tall” figures with bright, large eyes. I can swear that this
Both women said the camera flash was “large, bright eyes” — and ran from the was something out of this world. My
not the only electrical device that object in terror. And three astronomers nerves are shattered — I’ll never forget
wouldn’t operate while the object was watched in stunned amazement as the this as long as I live.”
“hovering” over the house. The “giant, brilliant sphere with a swirling Another witness was architectural
telephone, radio and television also center” streaked directly toward their draftsman Domingo Alamo, who was
went on the blink. The house lights, observatory. At about 10:30 p.m. the in a friend’s house on a mountain near
however, presented no problem. “What physician, Dr. Francisco Julio Padron, Gaidar. Their wives, coming in from
was even stranger,” Mrs. Segall said, was being driven to Gaidar, a town on outside, explained there was something
“was after we saw the thing disappear, the northwest coast of Grand Canary “ very strange in the sky. We ran to the
all this equipment worked. I’ll tell you, Island. As the car rounded a curve, the roof and were astonished to see a

14
perfectly round, transparent sphere in “The astronomers reported it had the circle, burned circle, ring, etc.,), cir
the center of which was a sort of bent, form of a huge sphere and was very cle diameters, direction of swirl, crop
long shape of a bright red color,” brilliant. It was definitely not a planet, type, associated UFO sightings, and
Alamo said. “It was stationary, about a balloon or smoke. I have no scien whether samples were taken and tests
the height of the church spires nearby. tific explanation for it.” Dr. Fernando performed. Dates range from March to
It seemed to expand gradually, always Bello, one of three astronomers at the October 1990; locations span the con
in a perfect circle. We had it in view observatory that night remembered, tinent, from Pennsylvania to British
for about 30 minutes, while it seemed “All of us saw the UFO — a giant, Columbia, with a preponderance in the
to recede until there was just a huge, brilliant sphere with a swirling center American Midwest and in Manitoba
white circle in the sky.” shaped like a snail. It seemed to be and Saskatchewan. Diameters range
Dr. Francisco Sanchez, director of headed straight toward the observatory! from 1.7m (Warsaw, Indiana) to 38m
the Astrophysical Observatory on The object continued to approach un (Odessa, Missouri). Samples and tests
Monte Izana, Canary Islands, said that til it paused for just a moment, made are noted but the results are not
several scientists at the observatory saw an abrupt 90-degree right turn and took specified. Hopefully, future reports will
the object with their naked eyes, but off like a streak of light. We had it have more to say on that score.
were unable to track it with their under observation for three to five Unfortunately, the first data set’s
telescopes. “ It was below the line of minutes.” (Source: National Enquirer mode of organization is not followed
sight of our telescope,” he explained. - 9/28/76) consistently. For example, a formation
in Leola, SD, which consisted of four
separate elements (a “ reverse question
mark” and three rectangles) is listed as
The UFO Press only one element. This probably hap
pened because the table was set up to
record only circle diameters and ring
North American Crop Circles and Related Physical Traces in 1990 widths. Thus it couldn’t accommodate
By Chris Rutkowski et al. any other kind of element, such as rec
tangles or partial arcs. For example, a
Released February 1991 by the North American Institute
formation in Northside, Saskatchewan,
for Crop Circle Research. 40 pp.
is described as a circle with four spokes
Reviewed by M ichael Chorost and two rings, with another circle 125m
away, yet the data set lists just the two
hris Rutkowski and his seven failed analyses to leam from. In such rings.
C colleagues have produced the

kind of report cereologists ache
to see: a tabular list of 1990 crop circles
a situation, unorganized tables of
numbers take on an aspect of terror.
They can be sorted in infinite ways, yet
It appears that the numerical-tabular
format created more headaches for
Rutkowski and his colleagues than it
in North America, with an analysis of only a few are likely to lead to the truth. solved, because it assumed more
the data. Their report is the first of its One might walk across Antarctica blind uniformity than was the case, and used
kind, since previous studies have limited folded with greater confidence. an awkward mode of representation.
themselves either to photographic This terror may help account for why The circles are diverse and spatially
documentation or to promoting one no one has published and attempted to complex objects which resist simple
theory over another. As the first collec analyze tables of data, even though the numerical representation. It would
tion of locations, dates, dimensions, and circles have been the focus of sustained seem more sensible to tabulate them
other data produced on either side of the public attention for at least four years. visually, in annotated diagrams. This
Atlantic, this study has great value. Rutkowski and his colleagues, then, are would lead one to record formations on
Its authors, however, were beset by to be commended for the ambition and a case-by-case basis, creating new data
considerable problems, which are in bravery of this first attempt. categories as appropriate, rather than
evitably passed on to the reader. One The report’s raw data are presented trying to define all of the relevant data
was the problem of cobbling together twice, in two different forms: by ele categories in advance. One can envision
usable data from diverse sources of ment, and by formation. In the first set scanning formations into a HyperCard
varying completeness and reliability. of raw data, the authors list each ele database and annotating the dimen
Another was the challenge of deciding ment of a formation separately, so that, sions, with fields for location, date and
how to organize it, since no one knows for example, a group of ten circles so forth. Colin Andrews has made a
which data structure will best bring . found in Warsaw, Indiana, is listed as start in this direction with his com
buried truths to the surface. Still another ten separate elements. The elements are puterized visual catalogue, which
was the sheer unprecedented nature of recorded in a dense table of 86 should be reproduced as an appendix
what they were doing, since there were “ unusual ground markings” (UGMs) to my article in the proceedings of the
no successful analyses to emulate, no listed by date, location, type (flattened 1991 MUFON conference in Chicago.

15
Following leads like this, we can in grass) and that burned and flattened sumes less popular theories, such as
develop more flexible and productive circles almost always happened in grass military activity and mating hedgehogs.
ways to represent our knowledge. (nine in grass vs. one in wheat.) One However, there are more catagories
The other set of raw data is the more could guess that grass is more suscep than Rutkowski notes. Some people in
immediately useful one, because it lists tible to burning than wheat. One must the CCCS (Centre for Crop Circle
whole formations, not elements. It lists view these findings with caution, Studies) subscribe to the theory that
45 formations by date, location and however, because of the incompleteness “earth energies” create the crop circles.
brief verbal description. About 30 are of the data, the distortions introduced Richard Andrews, a professional
English-style crop circles; the rest are by counting elements rather than for dowser, is perhaps the best-known of
circular bums, areas of flattened and mations, and the low total numbers in these theorists. It is certainly not clear
burned crops, areas of missing vegeta volved. They may make more (or less) (to me, anyhow) what “earth energies”
tion, holes, etchings in dry soil, and sense when compared to English data, are, nor how they could create the com
patches of stunted growth (probably if and when the latter become available, plex forms we have seen, though Rupert
fairy rings, which are natural and in the light of future findings. Sheldrake’s theory of morphogenetic
phenomena). Since no one knows Rutkowski is appropriately cautious, fields and James Lovelock’s “Gaia”
whether and how these diverse writing, “There was no evident trend theory of planetary intelligence have
phenomena are separable, Rutkowski et in any characteristic of the UGMs.” both been invoked as explanatory fee-
al reasonably chose to lump them all This might even seem overcautious, in tors. In addition, there are significant
together. light of the numbers cited above, but splits within the theoretical camps: for
The reliability of the documentation he clearly has the problematic nature example, Terence Meaden has accepted
is obviously uneven. Some formations of the data uppermost in mind. that the more complex formations are
have been well documented by the Some minimal conclusions can be meteorological in nature, while his
authors themselves, such as a 3.6m dia. drawn, however. For example, it seems followers Paul Fuller and Jenny Randles
circle surrounded by a 7.5m dia. ring evident that grass crop circles happen still think most or all of them must be
in Tweedsmuir, Saskatchewan, and an much more often in the U.S. than in hoaxes, with only the simpler forma
elliptical formation measuring 7.8 by England. This is easily explained by the tions being “genuine.”
7.6m in Petersfield, Manitoba. Others fact that England is so intensively Rutkowski’s main point is that no
are reported on little more than hear cultivated that there is very little tall theory adequately explains the phenom
say. For example, one item reads mere grassland left. However, it is more dif enon. So for, the data support none of
ly, “ It was claimed that a crop circle ficult to explain why so few grass them: "Statistical studies conducted on
was discovered near this town” and lists circles were reported in Canada, a the data ... suggest [no] particular uni
the source as a TV station. This is no country with abdundant grassland, fying explanation.” He notes that only
fault of the authors, who clearly de relative to the United States. Perhaps four of the 45 formations have UFO
cided that it was better to risk report there are fewer people in Canada to sightings associated with them, and a
ing rumor than to leave out potential discover circles in grassland far from perusal of the data shows that none of
truth. Since sources are listed, it is population centers. the sightings are clearly of “nuts and
usually possible for the reader to decide In addition, the authors note that the bolts” spacecraft: two sightings were of
how much weight to give each report. peculiar effects reported in English crop glowing lights, the other two go un
circles, such as strange noises and specified. Glowing lights fit in just as
he two sets of data are listed in flashes of light, have not been noticed well with meteorological theories, which
T the back of the report. In the

front, Rutkowski et al attempt
a basic analysis of the data. They pre
in North American formations. Nor do
they exhibit the same level of complex
ity seen in England (ringed and spoked
presuppose hot, glowing plasma vor
tices, as with ET theories. And yet
meteorological theories themselves can
sent five tables breaking the data down circles seems to be the maximum). explain very little: “ Is Britian’s change
in different ways: circle type versus Thus, as a sort of negative conclusion, in weather so incredibly dramatic that
country, circle type versus direction of it remains unclear whether the 45 cases hundreds of circles can form in 1990,
swirl, circle type versus crop, country listed belong to one phenomenon or compared with only a handful a decade
versus crop, and country versus direc several, and whether the 30 crop circles ago?”
tion of swirl. Perhaps the most in within that set are truly identifiable with Rutkowski notes that many factors
teresting result is that grass elements the English version of the phenomenon. complicate each theory: winds do cause
predominated over wheat elements in In an intelligent and cautious discus crop damage, yet crop circles do resem
the U.S. (46 grass elements vs. two sion, Rutkowski analyzes the debate ble classic “saucer nests” ; many crop
wheat ones), but the reverse held in about the cause of the circles. He breaks circles have been considered genuine
Canada: 16 wheat elements vs. four the theories down into four types: ex despite their great complexity, yet there
grass ones. Other interesting results are traterrestrials, wind phenomena, have been notorious hoaxes; crop
that concentric rings almost always hoaxes and “other.” The first three are circles may be an effort at communica
formed in wheat (nine in wheat vs. one certainly the best-known. “Other” sub tion, yet nobody understands them.
MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 27* June W l

16
And there are, in addition to crop circles,
many other kinds of anomalous ground
markings. Do they have the same basic
cause, or are they caused by entirely
In Others’ Words ...
unrelated phenomena? No one knows.
As George Wingfield astutely writes
in The Crop Circle Enigma, die “ex
Lucius Farish
otic” theories tend to fall into two
classes: those involving earth mysteries, The UFO abduction research of everything he presents in his writings,
like earth-energy theories, and those in Toronto hypnotherapist Dr. David but he does make it available, so that
voking sky mysteries, like alien- Gotlib is discussed in the April 16 issue readers may decide for themselves. If
intelligence theories. The English lean o f NATIONAL ENQUIRER. Dr. you want a good summary of the more
toward earth mysteries, whereas Gotlib says that such experiences are intriguing topics being discussed in
Americans tend to favor sky mysteries. not imaginary and should be taken UFO research today, COSMIC TOP
At the risk of oversimplifying, one seriously by health professionals. SECRET is a good place to begin.
might suggest that the English tend to Was the “ whatever-it-was” which The two most recent books by
look to the earth which contains their crashed at Roswell, NM in 1947 real Zecharia Sitchin, THE LOST REALMS
past, whereas Americans, a spacefar- ly just a Japanese 1‘Fu-Go’’ balloon of and GENESIS REVISITED, are now
irig race, look up to a sky which may World War II vintage? That’s the sub available in hardcover editions from
hold their future. Perhaps Canadians, ject of OMNI’s “ Antimatter/UFO Up Bear & Company - P.O. Drawer 2860
being of the New World, yet still Com date” column in the May issue. The - Santa Fe, NM 87504-2860. THE
monwealth citizens, fall somewhere in foremost proponent of this theory is LOST REALMS is $19.95 and
between. John Keel, but others who have in GENESIS REVISITED is $21.95. All
Certainly the Canadians have shown vestigated the Roswell case dismiss five books by Sitchin should be re
considerable good sense in this land Keel’s claims. “ Alien implants” is the quired reading and Bear & Company
mark report. It has significant shortcom topic under discussion in the June issue plan to publish or reprint all of them
ings, as I have noted, but they are of OMNI. in hardcover.
counter-balanced by the pioneering Recent paperbacks of interest include A new videotape, UFO ... ABDUC
nature of the work. Bigger and better reprints of NIGHT SIEGE by Hynek, TION, dealing with the William J.
reports should follow from both sides Imbrogno & Pratt (Ballantine Books) Herrmann case from South Carolina,
of the Atlantic, but this one sets the pace. and TH E GULF BREEZE is now available from Genesis in
SIGHTINGS by Ed & Frances Walters Publishing - Box 25962 - Munds Park,
Available fo r U S'. $3.00 from NAICCR, (Avon Books), as well as an original AZ 86017. The price is $43.95 for the
649 Silverstone Avenue, Winnipeg, paperback by Martin Caidin, GHOSTS 100-minute tape which gives a detailed
Manitoba R3T2V8, or UFOROM, P. O. O F THE AIR (Bantam Books). account of Herrmann’s UFO ex
Box 1918, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Caidin's book covers all types of aerial periences, as well as corroborating
R3C 3R2. Authors: Chris Rutkowski mysteries, including some material on evidence from other witnesses. Herr
(text), Grant Cameron, Roy Bauer, Jeff UFOs. Forthcoming paperbacks in mann’s photos of UFOs are examined,
Harland, Gordon Matthews, Walter clude UFO CRASH AT ROSWELL as well as photos taken by others in the
Nilsson, Vladimir Simosko and Guy by Kevin Randle & Don Schmitt (Ju same area. You’ll find much of interest
Westcott (research associates). ly; Avon Books) and a reprint of Ray in this examination of one o f the earlier
mond Fowler’s THE WATCHERS abduction cases.
(August; Bantam Books). An American edition of CIRCULAR
1971 Midwest UFO Conference A new book by Bill Hamilton is EVIDENCE by Pat Delgado & Colin
Proceedings Still Available always welcome and his latest one, Andrews is now available from Phanes
COSMIC TOP SECRET, is now Press - P.O. Box 6114 - Grand Rapids,
Theme: UFOs — Defiance to
available from Inner Light Publications MI 49516. A softcover version is
Science, 115 pages
— P. O. Box 753 (CS) - New Bruns available at $14.95; the hardcover is
Speakers: Vfolter H. Andrus, Jr., wick, NJ 08903. The price for this $30.00. Phanes Press apparently plans
Hayden C. Hewes, Sherman J. 144-page softcover is $12.95. As the' to publish more “ circles” literature
Larsen, Ted Phillips, William H.
Hunkins, Stanton T. Friedman and title suggests, the book deals with all and to make available B ritish
Leonard H. Stringfield. o f the reports, rumors and wild spec periodicals on the subject, such as THE
ulations concerning crashed/retrieved CEREALOGIST. You may also con
(A limited special reprint.)
UFOs, Bob Lazar, Area 51, secret tact them at (800) 678-0392.
$8 plus $1.50 for postage and han
government pacts with alien forces,
dling. Order from: MUFON, 103
Oldtowne Rd,, Seguin, TX 78155 etc. Bill Hamilton would probably be
the first to admit that he doesn’t believe

17
a Master’s level Analytical Physicist 1. Two professional voice stress
Letters to the Editor... who agreed with our analysis and con analyses have been done of the tape
clusions. Dr. Maccabee apparently also recording of the June 15,1990 telephone
Dear Editor: agrees with our work, which prompted conversation in which Tommy Smith
We are writing in response to Dr. him to “ reanalyze” photo 19, We ac made allegations about the Walters’
Maccabee’s article in the November cept this as his repudiation of his earlier photos being hoaxed. The taped
1990 issue of the MUFON Journal analysis and of Walters’ description of material was well suited to the analyses
Since we are mentioned in the article, the alleged event. which indicated that Tommy was tell
we believe that we are entitled to have Careful reading of Maccabee’s new ing the truth. Allegations by Tbmmy in
our response published under your 50% analysis and Walters' account of the clude that he saw two UFO models in
rule. Since our work on the Walters’ event show that there are major the Walters’ home, that he saw Walters
case was taken out of context by Mac- discrepancies between the two which photographing UFO models, that
cabee, we feel it is necessary to pro makes them mutually exclusive. If Walters had tried to enlist Tommy’s help
vide the context for the edification of Maccabee’s new scenario is “possible” in conducting the hoax, that Walters
your readers. as he claims, then Walters’ account is and/or Hank Boland were responsible
Last July, we were asked by MUFON impossible and Dr. Maccabee is “hoist for the “ Believer Bill” and the “Jane”
to take the lead in the investigation of on his own petard.” He has effectively photos, that Hank Boland and Walters’
the reopening of the Walters’ case after impugned his own witness. Additional wife and son participated in the hoax,
the UFO model was found in the attic ly, Maccabee has failed to address the and that Walters had described to him
of the Walters’ previous residence and very similar “reflection” of photo 14. how some of the photos were faked. In
a young man, Tbmmy Smith, made His “ possibility” for photo 19 can not an interview wife us, Tommy recon
allegations which cast doubt on the apply to photo 14 since the reflective firmed the above and further related,
authenticity of the case. Prior to that surfaces and other aspects were much among other things, that Walters had
time, we had accepted the authenticity different. told him of hoaxing UFOs using hot air
of the case based upon the representa Maccabee goes on for several pages balloons when A lte rs lived in Costa
tions of the previous investigators, who in his analysis to conclude that the Rica.
were known to us. We would not have height of the camera above the road of 2. Tbmmy had discussed much of the
bought six copies of Walters’ book for 4.1 feet agrees “perfectly” with his above with his family back in 1988,
friends and relatives had we entertained computations, although heights of 3.5 which is confirmed by the law partners
serious doubt about the case. Despite to 5 feet would be reasonable. If you of Tom Smith Sr. and the Gulf Breeze
our admitted positive bias, we believe put Walters in his Ford 150 XLT truck, Chief of Police. The description which
that we have been successful in main which is “very high off the ground,” Tommy provided of Walters’ UFO
taining our objectivity in our work with you will find a camera elevation of 5.4 models at feat time fit the model which
the case and have followed the evidence ( + / - 0.2) feet which is outside of the was found in fee attic of Walters’ old
to logical conclusions. reasonable limits and by itself negates home.
After weeks of frustrating effort, we Maccabee’s new analysis. A com 3. Three of the four lie detector tests
arrived at the conclusion that the parison of a photo re-enactment of that Walters claims to have passed were
Walters’ photos were probably faked, Walters taking the “shot” and the self-sponsored (i.e. paid for by Walters
which was reported to MUFON by geography of the scene confirm the with no third party supervision) and
telephone on September 9, 1990. above. should be regarded accordingly with
Although there is considerable evidence It is unfortunate that Maccabee did skepticism. The fourth, a voice stress
to doubt the credibility of the case, one not carry his analysis somewhat farther analysis, was done by MUFON without
of the deciding factors for us was our and compute the comparative reflection Walters’ knowledge or consent. The ex
analysis of photos 14 and 19. Using in intensities within the 125-foot-long aminer on this test states “The way fee
formation provided by Walters and the reflection which he claims is “possi interviews were done and the type of
data provided by Maccabee, the “ reflec ble.” Had he done so, and then com information discussed does not give fee
tions” in photos 14 and 19 were shown pared the expected variations to those examiner the verbal material necessary
to be physical impossibilities, i.e. the obtained by densitometer measurements to be able to say if these individuals are
reflections were not flat on the surface of the photographs, he should have con being completely truthful with fee in
as one would expect, but were elevated cluded that his “possibility” is actual terviewer.” Additionally, Walters failed
as if reflecting off of a raised ramp. ly impossible. to keep fee appointment for a MUFON
With photos 14 and 19 shown to be pro We regret the space limitation which sponsored polygraph test and has
bable fakes, the other photos which precludes us from providing more detail adamantly refused to take any spon
depict images of the same models and other evidence which we have sored tests ever since.
should be considered to be highly gathered regarding this case. Permit us, 4. The model found in the attic is
suspect. At that time we consulted with however, to provide a brief partial made of styrofoam plates with fee
three PhD-level Photo Analysts and listing. center section made from one of

18
Walters’ house plans. On page 28 of article the book says little about a possi researches have been carried further.
V oters’ book he described the UFO as ble UFO connection”; and we were vir Findings will be published as soon as
having “horizontal lines going around tually silent about what might be hap we feel reasonably confident about our
the main body.” The model has 14 pening, physiologically, to the crops. evidence.
horizontal lines drawn around its main Perhaps I may comment.
— Ralph Noyes
body which are not shown in Walters’ When we went to press last August
Hon. Secretary, CCCS
drawings or photos. Evidence of (a bare 100 days after setting up the
responsibility for the model points to Centre for Crop Circle Studies) the on
V&lters, in that he knew of the horizon ly material available on crop effects was We certainty appreciate your restraint
tal lines, had access to his house plans the information which had been in regard to the rather dubious evidence
and access to the home until the published by a holistic medicine firm submitted by the Stroud laboratory to
Menzers moved in during November in Stroud. Although Pat Delgado and the effect that the crystalline energy
1989. Proof has not emerged that Colin Andrews saw fit to reproduce this structure, or somesuch, o f the plants in
anyone else possessed these three re material in Crop Circles: The Latest side a forming crop circle is somewhat
quisites. Continuing arguments about Evidence - reviewed by Jerold R. altered when compared to outside con
which house plan was used, etc., are Johnson in your March issue — I ad trols. Even so, what we were looking
interesting, but ancillary to the primary vised my publisher that we should not fo r in the review, and we may not have
focus. make use of it ourselves. I share Jerold been crystal clear ourselves, was a
5. Mark Curtis of WEAR-TV con R. Johnson’s view that it falls far short background into the status o f agricul
ducted a demonstration to show the of meeting acceptable scientific stan tural techniques and developments in
feasibility of hiking photo 19 with dou dards. It has also been used as the basis the UK as a whole, and how, i f at all,
ble exposure photography which was for wildly speculative claims about the same might conceivably impact, in
based upon Tommy Smith’s informa supposedly deleterious or beneficial ef fluence or interact with whatever it is
tion. Many people believe that he was fect of the disturbed crops on human that is obviously forming the crop cir
successful despite a lengthy letter to the consumers. There is at present no shred cle formations, human hoaxing aside.
editor from Maccabee attempting to of acceptable evidence for this, one way In other words, it takes two to tango.
debunk it. Basically, Maccabee tried to or the other. In the case o f the circles we have an
show that photo 19 was not duplicated CCCS is in no doubt, however, that apparent “artist,’’ along with a pre
exactly while ignoring the fact that we need to find out whether physi ferred medium or canvas, which is the
feasibility was amply shown. ological changes in the crop do in fact targeted cereal crops themselves. I
6. Interviews with the young people take place when circles form. One of would simply have liked to have seen
who had attended parties in the Walters’ the research panels we have set up is the latter issue addressed, out o f my
home and others tend to confirm our devoting itself entirely to this question, own personal curiousity, in somewhat
conclusions. using carefully controlled samples and greater depth.
7. Long before the alleged onset of working with scientifically qualified in Similarly, the UFO “Connection. ” We
W alters’ UFO photography on stitutions. As soon as we have proper didn ’t mean to imply that nuts n ’ bolts
November 11, 1987, Walters told Mr. ly founded results we shall publish (or other) UFOs might be involved in
and Mrs. Peter Neumann of Gulf them. the actual creation o f the circles, but
Breeze that he had used double The “ UFOconnection” ... ? At pre only to suggest, in light o f p a s t' ‘saucer
exposure photography to amuse the sent CCCS can’t go further than to say nests” and similar physical circular
young people who attended functions that luminous and audible phenomena traces, that some interesting parallel
and parties in his home. occurring in the low atmosphere have phenomenology may or may not exist
There is much more, including not infrequently been associated with and be subsequently shared by the two
amplification and documentation, for the formation of crop circles. And phenomena.
which we do not now have the space, there have been other oddities of the At the same time, we appreciate the
but intend to include in our final report. kind familiar to ufologists over the past immense labor and commitment that
40 years. Reports are accumulating; goes into the creation o f any book, let
— Carol and Rex Salisberry
they are being carefully assessed. But alone one with the scope and overall
Navarre Beach, FL
there is a long way to go before we can quality o f The Crop Circle Enigma.
be sure of having more than a very in
teresting and suggestive (though — D. Stacy
D ear Editor: somewhat patchy) correlation. At pre
Thank you for your very fair - in sent CCCS has no wish to plunge into
deed, generous - review of The Crop the murky debate about what UFOs D ear Editor:
Circle Enigma in your March issue. may or may not be! But I suspect that In reference to the recent Donald
You rightly draw attention to two omis we shall have a worthwhile contribu Schmitt and Kevin Randle article
sions: apart from George Wingfield’s tion to make to ufology when our (“What Happened in Ramey’s office?”)
MUFON UFO JOURNAL N*. 278 June 1991

19
in the April Journal, I called General bother to interview former Warrant Of looking at pictures. Even coroners
DuBose the other day to see how he ficer Irving Newton. That’s absolutely could pronounce bodies dead by look
liked the interview I did with him ridiculous. I even refer to my recent in ing at pictures.
(January 1991). He stated that he was terview with Newton in the DuBose in Bill Moore and I are preparing a
quite pleased, had read it several times terview. I also indicate some of what complete response to Schmitt and Ran
and saw no flaws. “ You’ve got it right, had changed in Newton’s story. Even dle to include vital evidence that they,
that’s the way it was ... were his ex the general rejected it. But they have for whatever reason, have chosen to ig
act words. He wanted to know what the to build up Newton; he’s their star nore. We will also have a section on
reaction was. I told him it had been very witness. He’s the only witness from what the debris in the pictures might
positive, except for Schmitt and Ran Fort Worth who hasn’t repudiated their actually be. It was courtesy of Kevin
dle (S/R). I told him they were claim conclusions. Randle that we saw the photo from the
ing an earlier interview they did was S/R threw away testimony from Jesse Bettman Archives. But how curious that
more accurate. I told the general that Marcel because they can’t make it fit the copy Kevin sent to Bond Johnson
I felt the earlier interviews were ram their scenario. There are, on record, should have a transmission time of 7:59
bling recollections. four distinct and separate interviews CST, and the copy that Kevin sent to
“ Well that’s exactly right. It was with Marcel. He never wavered from MUFON has a time of 11:59 CST on
when you showed me the pictures that his position that it was the real debris it. Now both came from Kevin Randle,
I was able to recall just what had hap in the pictures. He even signed an af but he accused me of getting the time
pened,” DuBose said. He then added, fidavit testifying to the validity of his wrong. What gives?
“ You know they tried to hypnotize me statements for the publisher of The I’ll close with a quote from General
but I told them that I can’t be hypnotiz Roswell Incident. What confuses S/R DuBose. “ From now on if anyone asks
ed. But they tried for two hours with is the second half of his statement that about what went on, I’m going to tell
some doctor who kept saying that he the debris had been switched for other them that interview is good, it stands
could hypnotize anybody. I went along pictures. But Marcel never said he saw (“ New Roswell Revelations — A
with it, but they never hypnotized me.” it switched; he was ordered back to General Speaks Up,” January 1991). If
I told the general I had seen an inter Roswell. It was a logical assumption in they don’t like it, that’s too bad.”
view that S/R claim was done with the light of the cover story that Gen. Ramey
— Jaime H. Shandera
general under hypnosis. “ T hat’s was pushing on the press. It just hap
N. Hollywood, CA
bullshit! I can’t be hypnotized. I know pened to be wrong.
it for fact. After WW I I I was in the S/R’s taped interviews of unqualified
Hypnosis Center at Walter Reed Army statements by witnesses are virtually Dear Editor:
Hospital and they tried for several days, useless. An interview with a witness to I have studied the Com Circle
under various conditions, and it just an event over 40 years ago is dishonest Phenomenon since 1985, when life in
doesn’t work on me.” when the interviewer withholds photo this subject was relatively un
This is typical of why there is a dif graphs or other published data from the complicated. At that time I realized that
ference between the results of S/R’s period that could assist in his recall. the dowsing I had been doing for the
work and that of Bill Moore’s and mine. Distribution of these tapes doesn’t make previous 15 years on the Ley Lines, or
Their interviews are so ambiguous they them any more valid. Editing them energy grid associated with ancient
must interpret what the subject said makes them even more questionable. megalithic sites, was also part of the
after the fact. This technique leads to Their interview with Dr. J. Bond Com Circle Phenomenon.
hypothesizing, which in just a few short Johnson is a classic example of attempt To start with, the circles, as they were
paragraphs turns into fact. The prime ing to lead a witness. They didn’t at then, took the form of single circles in
example of this is the mythical flight tempt to find out what the witness varying sizes and in groups of two or
of July 6, 1947. S/R say that DuBose knew; they tried to tell him what they three. In 1983, the Quintuplet (that is,
told them of this flight. But when the wanted to hear. the large circle with four satellites) first
facts were gone over, when he review I love their suggestion that everyone appeared at Cheesefoot Head, near
ed the pictures and refreshed his should look at the pictures and decide Winchester. In 1986 the first single
memory on the dates, he had this to say: for themselves what they show. These ringed circle appeared and in 1988 a
“ There was no damn flight on the 6th; are the same pictures that they withheld two-ringed circle and also three circles
‘Butch’ Blanchard would never have from Gen. DuBose. I guess the average grouped together like a triangle. The
sent anything on to higher headquarters reader should know more than the last configuration of 1988 was a quin
before his intelligence officer had come military experts who were there. If we tuplet with a ring round the satellites,
back with his report. To even suggest carry this concept out we could surely as seen in Circular Evidence. The other
that Blanchard would act on the word save millions in our judicial system. significant happening in 1988 was that
of some rancher is a bunch of crap. I Think of it: no more need for witness the quintuplets on some sites doubled
knew Blanchard well.” testimony! We could just have juries in size, and the number of circles had
Schmitt and Randle claim that I didn’t vote on what they think went on by reached approximately 100. This was a

20
quantum leap in the Corn Circle
Phenomenon.
Nineteen hundred and eighty-nine
saw the number of circles double again,
with all the previous circle configura
tions in evidence, but the final two
circles of the season, at Winterbourne
Stoke, were of a new type which has
not been repeated at the time of going
to print. The second configuration was
a quartered circle - the photograph by
Busty Taylor being the front cover of
The Crop Circle Enigma, Ralph Noyes
editor.
Nineteen hundred and ninety has
shown a complete departure from the
traditional configurations, producing
large pictograms, i.e., circles, triangles,
wings, finger and key patterns. The
dowsable patterns have also changed
very substantially with the widening
and amalgamation of lines, which is a
new feature evolving in conjunction
with the new patterns.
Many people are now showing in
terest in the subject, and it is very grati
fying that my original work on dows
ing has now become standard practice
for verifying circles. 1 have proved
beyond doubt that all genuine circle
configurations have a dowsable print,
and that the hoax will not have any rele
vant print. Although there is no need
to fear these sudden manifestations,
there is need for caution, however,
because the energies present can be
very powerful indeed and some people
w ill'be affected physically by exper
iencing headaches and nausea, while Dowser Richard G. Andrews near Cheesefoot Head, Wiltshire.
others will experience depression or Photo by Dennis Stacy.
great elation. When any of these symp-
tions occur, the best antidote is to
retreat from the circle configuration im
mediately and the symptoms will recede
window for us to look through and
within an hour or so. Others, however, MUFON
begin to see some of these pathways.
will experience none of these effects.
I am optimistic about the future for Amateur Radio Net
I hope this will begin to show that
mankind from the window I have 80 meters — 3.990 MHz
there is very much more here than we
opened. I believe this to be another Saturday, 10 p.m.
would have appreciated a few years ago,
Renaissance for the human experience. 40 meters — 7.237 MHz
and that quick answers to this wonder
Let us go quietly and steadily forward Saturday, 8 am.
ful happening will not come early. We
and bring stability out of chaos, and 10 meters — 28.460 MHz
are only part way through a very com Thursday, 8 p.m.
understand our part in the ecological
plex weave of experience and reality
and metaphysical maze shown in this 10 meters — 28.470 MHz
which will need some of the best minds Sunday, 3 p.m.
phenomenon.
brought to bear to begin to show the All times Eastern Standard
right pathways to tread. — Richard G. Andrews or Daylight
Dowsing is a tool that has created a Hampshire, UK

MUFON 1991 INTERNATIONAL UFO SYMPOSIUM
SPEAKING PROGRAM
Saturday. J uly 6 - m o rn in g sessio n -

9:00 a.n». Welcome to Chicago............................................................... Thomas P Stults
Illinois Stale Director. Downers Glove, IL
9:05 a.m. Greelings from the Mutual UFO Network.................... Walter H. Andnis, Jr.
International Director, Seguin. TX
Introduction, Master of Ceremonies........................................Forest Crawford
Illinois Assl. State Director. Collinsville. IL
9:10 a.m. “Crop Circles; Bnef History and Overview"..............................Dennis Stacy
Editor. MUFON UFO Journal. San Antonio. TX
10:00 a.m. “The I2di Planet - Key u> the UFO Enigma".................... Zechanah Sitchm
Author. New Vhfk. NY
11:00 a.m. “ Modern Biology. Close Encounters, and the ETH”
.......................................................... . Michael D. SwonJs. Ph.D.
MUFON Consultant and CUFOS Board Member. Kalamazoo. Ml
12:00 noon LUNCH • (Place of your choice)
- AFTERNOON SESSION -
1:30 p.m. “ Further Evidence Linking Animal Mutilations and
Human Abductions to Alien Life Forms.................... Linda Moulton Howe
Film Producer and Author. Kunungdoo Valley. PA
2:30 p.m. “Tissue Changes in Unexplained Animal Mutilations”
........................ John A. Altshuler. M D.. Hematologist. Englewood. CO
3:30 p.m. COFFEE OR COKE BREAK
4:00 p.m. "Has Science Something to do with UFOs?” ............ Prof. Jean Pierre Petit
CNR5 Senior Researcher. Peruiis, France
5:00 p.m. DINNER - (Place of your choice!
- EVENING SESSION -
7:30 p.m. “The Reality of the Abduction Phenomenon"
.......................... ...... ....... ................................ John S» Carpenter. M.S.W.
Clinical Hypnotherapist Springfield. MO
8:00 p.m 41Update on Crashed Saucers in New Mexico44
.*..**............ .............................. ................ Stanton T, Friedman, M.S
Nuclear Physicist and Researcher, Fredericton* NB, Canada
9:30 p.m. "English Crop Circles” ............................................................Colin Andrews
Author and Researcher, Andover, Hampshire, England
SUNDAY, JULY 7 — MORNING SESSION —
9:00 a.m. “Theses for a Pre-Paradigm Science: Cereology"
............................Michael M. Chorost. M.A , Researcher, Durham. NC
10:00 a.m. “Government UFO Connections" ............................C B. Scott Jones, Ph.D.
Researcher* Falls Church, VA
11:00 a.m.. “ What Can We Believe in Abduction Accounts?"
Abduction Researcher, Wyodmoor (A

12:00 noon LUNCH (Place o( your choice)
- AFTERNOON SESSION -
1:30 p.m. Insights Into the Ancient Astronauts Theory"
.......................... ............................... Gene M. Phillips. J.D.. President of
Ancient Astronauts Society, Highland Park. IL
■2:30 p.m. “Gulf Breeze Without Ed” ..................................... Bruce 5. Maccabee. Ph.D.
Chairman. Fund for UFO Research. Sabillasville, MD
3:30 p.m. COFFEE OR COKE BREAK
4:00 p m . Question and Answer Panel, Composed of all Speakers
........................................................................ Forest Crawford. Moderator
5:30 p.m. Invitation to MUFON 1992 International UFO Symposium in Albuquerque. NM
Hosted by New Mexico MUFON.
5:35 p.m. Adjournment............................................................................. Mrs. Judy Stulls
Chairperson. MUFON 1991 Symposium
Hyatt Regency O’Hare Lobby: Chicago Symposium Site
22
MESSAGE, Continued
New Officers
The Night Sky
Shirley A. Coyne, Michigan State
Director, appointed Elmer V. Bean, in Walter N. Webb
(Marcellus, MI) to be State Section
Director for Van Buren, Allegan and July 1991
Cass Counties. John E. Combest Bright Planets: (Evening Sky)
(Spring, TX) is the new State Section The unusual planet parade continues in the early evening western sky. Mer
Director for Harris County (Houston, cury joins the original trio low in the WNW, while Saturn rises in the op
TX area). Two new consultants posite sky (ESE).
volunteered their expertise this month; July 9 & 10 Venus, Mars & the star Regulus form a compact group in
Tom Joldersm a, Ph.D. (Vashon, WA) a field 3° across. Venus less than 1° below Regulus.
in Physics, and C arol A. Ferguson, July 13 Lunar crescent between and below Venus, Mars, Jupiter and
Ed.D. (Springfield, MO) in Education. Mercury.
Joseph V. Zonfrelli, M.S. (Boulder, July 14 Crescent Moon below Venus while Mars and Regulus only
CO) became a new Research Specialist 2/3° apart and Jupiter/Mercury only 1/3° to 1/10° apart (de
in Electronic Engineering. pending upon your location in the U.S.).
Mid-July At dusk view all five naked-eye planets at the same time (plus
State and Provincial the other three planets telescopically). Four are in the west.
D irector’s Meeting From right to left, they are Jupiter, Mercury, Mars and Venus.
Saturn rises in the ESE about 8:45.
On Friday, July 5, 1991, the annual July 16 Venus (magnitude -4 .5 ) at maximum brilliancy. Shows a cres
State /Provincial Director’s Meeting cent phase in a telescope.
will be conducted starting at 10 a.m. July 21 Venus 4° below Mars.
and continue until 4 or 5 p.m. All July 25 Mercury 1.7° below Regulus.
Assistant State Directors are invited to July 26 Saturn (0.1), in Capricomus, is opposite the Sun, rising at
attend. If a State or Provincial Direc sunset and remaining visible all night. The ringed planet also
tor is unable to attend, he/she may is near the full moon.
designate a person to represent
him/her, preferably a State Section Bright Planets: (Morning Sky)
Director. Saturn is low in the SW at dawn.
The four Regional Directors will Total Solar Eclipse:
preside at the meeting with George
On July 11 the nearest new moon of the year and its alignment with the Sun
Coyne as the moderator.
create North America’s longest total eclipse of the Sun (nearly seven minutes)
this century and the longest one worldwide until the year 2132. As the Moon
No Video o r Audio
Taping Permitted crosses the face of the Sun, the tip of our satellite’s shadow cone sweeps across
Hawaii (the Big Island), southern Baja California, mainland Mexico, Central
America, Colombia and Brazil. Persons within this narrow zone (up to 160
No video or audio tape recording will
be permitted within the confines of the miles wide) will experience varying durations of totality, reaching maximum
lecture auditorium during the speeches in Baja and western mainland Mexico. At Kailua Kona, Hawaii, partial phases
on July 6 and 7. Tapes will be available begin at 6:31 AM. The eclipse is total from 7:28 to 7:32. Partial eclipse ends
at 8:37.
for purchase after the Symposium from
Illinois MUFON, the host organiza Meanwhile, all of the U.S. except Alaska and the northern half of New England
tion. Still cameras without flash are will see a partial eclipse, weather permitting. The closer one is to the path
acceptable. of totality, the more the Sun is obscured. Percentages and local times of max
imum eclipse follow for some sample cities: Atlanta, 28% at 3:32 PM; Chicago,
13% at 2:16; Denver, 37% at 12:51; Honolulu, 96% at 7:30 AM; Houston,
60% at 2:18; Miami, 44% at 3:50; New Vbrk, 2% at 3:35; San Diego, 74%
at 11:30; Seattle, 20% at 11:23; Tticson, 72% at 12:44; Washington, 7% at 3:34.
MUFONET-BBS Network
Electronic Bulletin Board Warning! While it is perfectly safe to view the totally eclipsed Sun with the
naked eye, do not look at any p a rt of the partially covered Sun! Permanent
8-N-l 300-14,400 Baud
eye damage can result from eVen short exposures to our star’s visible, infrared
901-785-4943 or ultraviolet rays. Instead, project the Sun’s image through a telescope or
binocular eyepiece, or through a 1/16-inch hole in a card, onto a white sur-

23
NIGHT SKY, Continued mission to all five sessions for $40 if
they present their I.D. cards. A recep
face. Although there are a number of safe direct-viewing filters, I always hesitate
tion with hor d’oeuvres will be held Fri
to recommend them to large audiences or readerships due to the possibility of
day evening, July 5fo at 6 p.m. for $5
improper handling, especially by children.
with a cash bar. Reservations for the
Meteor Shower: reception will be honored till July 5,
Although the July Aquarid meteors achieve maximum on the morning of the 1991. Your tickets and reservation
29th, a bright gibbous Moon will interfere and reduce the normal count (about packet will be held at the symposium
20 per hour). Some members of this shower can be seen from mid-July to mid registration desk for your arrival. Ad
August, emanating from low in the southern sky. vance reservations may be made by
writing to: Paul Fisher, 3952 North
Moon Phases: Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60613 and
Last quarter — July 4 3 enclosing a check made payable to
New moon — July 11 Nearest Moon of 1991 “ MUFON 1991 UFO Symposium.”
A contract has been signed with
First quarter — July 18 € American Airlines to be foe official car
Full moon — July 26
The Stars:
o rier for the symposium which also in
cludes American Eagle flights to
Chicago from foe contiguous 48 states,
At the end of evening twilight the summer patterns hover around the meridian Hawaii, Puerto Rico and foe Virgin
in the south — Summer Triangle, Hercules, Ophiuchus, Sagittarius and Scor- Islands. To obtain American’s Meeting
pius. In the north Draco curves between the Big and Little Dipper, In the west Saver Fare Discounts call toll free
the stars of spring approach the horizon, while in the east the autumn constella 1-800-433-1790 to foe Meeting Services
tions already have begun to appear. Desk and give foe Star File #S-0171K6
for the 1991 MUFON International
Symposium. Your International Direc
MUFON 1991 INTERNATIONAL UFO tor is looking forward to meeting many
SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS of our new members in person for foe
first time and renewing old friendships
“UFOs: The Big Picture” proceedings will be available with everyone else in Chicago.
by mail after July 15, 1991 for $20 plus $1.50
for postage and handling. National UFO Inform ation Week
Please send check, money order .or cash to:
MUFON, 103 Oldtowne Rd., Seguln, TX 78155-4099. The Seventh National UFO Informa
tion Week has been scheduled for
{Foreign orders must be International Postal Money Order,
August 10-18,1991. This will be an ideal
cash or a check made payable to a U.S. Bank with
opportunity for State and State Section
electronic routing code on the bottom of the check.)
groups to set up photo exhibits,
displays, booths for receiving UFO
sighting reports from the public and
MESSAGE, Continued
closed circuit TV showing of UFO
theme for the MUFON 1991 Interna people at $88. Hotel reservations may documentaries, etc., in shopping malls
tional UFO Symposium to be held July be made by calling (708) 696-1234 or and libraries. Advance planning is re
5, 6 and 7 at foe Hyatt Regency O’Hare toll free (800) 228-9000 and advising quired in order to reserve space in these
Hotel at O’Hare International Airport foe desk that you are attending foe facilities and to construct the exhibits
near Chicago. A complete agenda of MUFON 1991 UFO Symposium. The and displays. MUFON endorses this
events and foe speaking program is Auditorium will seat 1500 people so we program as a Public Education project
published in this issue of foe Journal. will have adequate room for everyone in order to take advantage of the resum
A flyer advertising the symposium and planning to attend. Six hundred rooms ing interest in UFOs by the public,
an advance registration form were have been reserved at foe Hyatt Regen printed media, radio and television.
enclosed in foe April 1991 edition of foe cy O’Hare. Stan Gordon, State Director for Penn
Journal for the convenience of people Reservations for foe symposium are sylvania, is again planning for a large
planning to attend. now being taken. The special advanced exhibit at a shopping mall in
Special rates at foe Hyatt Regency price for all five sessions is $45 before Greensburg, PA, as he has done in past
O’Hare Hotel have been contracted at June 1, 1991 or $50 thereafter and at years.
$68 per night for single or double oc the door. Individual sessions are $10
cupancy, triple occupancy $78 or four each. College students may secure ad Continued on page 22

■Director’s ‘M essage
Walt Andrus
Re-Opening the Ed W alters Case vestigation that the Ed Walters case must rest upon the documented facts,
could be a hoax. Walt Andrus replied not hearsay and rumors by "armchair
A few days prior to the MUFON 1990 in the affirmative, because he had issued Ufologists.”
International UFO Symposium in Pen a press statement that MUFON had
sacola, Florida, two spectacular an reopened the case based upon the in 1990-91 Award
nouncements occurred that impacted credible claims being made.
seriously upon the credibility of the Ed It was the concensus and agreement The annual MUFON award plaque
Walters case in Gulf Breeze. First, a by these three gentlemen that the for the most outstanding contribution to
paper plate UFO model was found in reopened investigation was to be con Ufology for 1990-91 will be presented
the attic above the garage in the Walters' fidential until a final report was prepared at the MUFON 1991 International UFO
former home by the present owner. And and released. As of this writing, Rex Symposium in Chicago, Illinois, on July
second, a young man named Tommy Salisberry has promised to complete his 6, 1991. The actual contribution or work
Smith telephoned the Gulf Breeze investigation and submit a final report is not restricted to the calendar year of
Mayor, Ed Gray, and the Police Chief, to MUFON. Several months ago he pro 1990-91, but may include significant ac
Jerry Brown, telling them in a record vided a “question and answer” format complishments during the past five
ed call that he was a participant in hoax of his findings to both the Pensacola years. In addition to presenting to pla
ing UFO photos with Ed Walters and News-Journal and the G ulf Breeze Sen que to the recipient, the Fund for UFO
others. Tommy claimed that Ed had told tinel for publication without advising Research will provide a $500 cash award
him how each of the photographs was Charles Flannigan or Walt Andrus in memory of Isabel Davis as in
produced at the time when they were be beforehand. This act was in direct con previous years. A special runner-up cash
ing made. M ark Curtis of WEAR-TV tradiction to the conditions under which award of $500 will be presented by the
in Pensacola and Craig Meyers, a he accepted the assignment. Mutual UFO Network in memory of Dr.
reporter for the Pensacola News-Journal Mr. Salisberry has now written “A Dan C Overlade.
newspaper, were present during the Letter to the Editor" elaborating upon Four candidates have been nominated
telephone call to the mayor. his personal viewpoints of the ease for this prestigious award. In
This disturbing news prompted the reopening. I must make it clear that Rex alphabetical order, they are Charles D.
Mutual UFO Network to officially still has not submitted his final report Flannigan, Florida State Director;
reopen the Ed Walters case in order to to MUFON with the documented Robert J. Gribble, Western Regional
investigate the validity of Tommy Smith's evidence substantiating the assertions Director; Howard J. Hoffman, Fund
claims and to determine if the model made in his letter. His letter is being for UFO Research and Dan Wright,
was the object photographed by Ed. Rex published, as he requested, in this issue Deputy Director, Investigations. A b ilot
and Carol Salisberry had been selected of the MUFON UFO Journal for the was enclosed with the May 1991 issue
by Dan W right to receive the 1989-90 perusal of our readers. We hope that he of the Journal so all members and
award for the most outstanding UFO in will produce and submit a final report subscribers may vote for their choice
vestigation or investigations. Recogniz in the near future. from the candidates nominated. This is
ing the honor bestowed upon them and In the event that Mr. Salisberry fails your opportunity to not only recognize
the fact that Rex was not part of the ini to submit a final report, a second in the fine work of these gentlemen, but
tial investigation team, Charles I), Flan- vestigation team under the leadership of to express your personal thanks to the
nigan, the lead investigator and Florida Gary Wbtson, the Chief Investigator for person you feel has contributed
State Director, recommended to Walt Pensacola MUFON, was authorized and significantly to the progress of Ufology.
Andrus that Rex Salisberry spearhead assigned the same task and will submit All ballots must be received in Seguin,
the reopening of the case. Your Inter the results of their reopening of the Ed Texas by June 26, 1991, so adequate time
nationa] Director concurred with Mr. Walters case. Each of these reports may is available to engrave the plaque.
Flannigan. At a private meeting on Ju be very revealing and even contradic
ly 5, 1990, Mr. Salisberry accepted this tory. Stay tuned to what has developed 1991 MUFON Symposium
responsibility with one stipulation. He into a very controversial subject in
would accept the assignment only if Ufology, both pro and con. Like any “UFOs: The Big Picture” is the
Walt Andrus would be willing to accept other UFO sighting, the authenticity of
the disclosure based upon Rex's in the Ed and Frances AS&lters* experience Continued on page 23
MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 27S June 1991

Mufon Ufo Journal - June 1991

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Official Publication of the M utual UFO N etw ork Since 1967

CROP CIRCLES: The Mystical View

HOW TO MEASURE A CIRCLE....................... ..................................... .................................. 9

F-CLASS STARS AS EVOLUTION DRIVERS .................................. Erich A . Aggen, Jr. 10

LOOKING BACK...................................................... ................................................ Bob Gribble 12

THE UFO PR E SS.................................................... ........................................ Michael Chorost 14

IN OTHERS’ WORDS.............................................. .............................................. Lucius Farish 16

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR................................ Salisberrys, Noyes, Shandera, Andrews 17

SYM POSIUM SCHEDULE................................... ........................................................................... 21

THE JULY NIGHT SK Y ........................................ ........................................ Walter N. Webb 22

DIRECTOR’S M ESSAGE........................................ .............................................. Walt Andrus 24

COVER PH O TO ....................................................... ............ Courtesy o f F. C. Busty Taylor

EDITOR C o p y rig h t 1991 by th e M u tu a l U F O N e tw o rk .

CROP CIRCLES: The Mystical View

Technical writer M ilgiore is a ~rrr

In April 1991 two leading English

he current theories on the mech­

T anism and the meaning of crop

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUPON UFO JOURNAL Not 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

G. Dimension fl may be any

Rn Indication of Data Required from scale drg.by date STAflDRRD ORAUJinG

MUPON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

F-CLASS STARS AS EVOLUTION DRIVERS

A have estimated the number of

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UTO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

C colleagues have produced the

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

T the back of the report. In the

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 27* June W l

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL N*. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

Saturday. J uly 6 - m o rn in g sessio n -

Abduction Researcher, Wyodmoor (A

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 278 June 1991

MUFON UFO JOURNAL No. 27S June 1991

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he current theories on the mech