Forced-air cooling

Air Bottom Middle Top

Time Temp. T TR ln TR T TR ln TR T
0 8.14 27.13 1 0 30.04 1 0 29.37
5 7.01 26.32 0.959742 -0.04109 29.12 0.960052 -0.04077 28.00
10 6.811 24.71 0.8809 -0.12681 28.02 0.913183 -0.09082 26.90
15 6.535 23.93 0.844622 -0.16887 27.70 0.900589 -0.10471 26.50
20 6.536 23.44 0.820822 -0.19745 27.00 0.870802 -0.13834 25.73
25 6.463 21.98 0.75081 -0.2866 26.03 0.829778 -0.1866 24.67
30 6.541 21.57 0.729953 -0.31478 25.29 0.798006 -0.22564 24.09
35 6.483 20.84 0.695355 -0.36333 24.44 0.762137 -0.27163 23.18
40 6.605 20.06 0.655542 -0.42229 23.97 0.740986 -0.29977 22.54
45 6.457 19.90 0.650268 -0.43037 23.38 0.717452 -0.33205 22.17
50 6.457 18.74 0.594157 -0.52061 22.66 0.686921 -0.37554 21.60
55 6.524 18.53 0.582646 -0.54018 22.13 0.663775 -0.40981 21.14
60 6.332 18.49 0.584575 -0.53687 21.69 0.647939 -0.43396 20.67
65 6.252 17.87 0.556471 -0.58614 21.29 0.632027 -0.45882 20.24
70 6.233 17.12 0.520984 -0.65204 20.91 0.616499 -0.4837 19.99
75 6.164 16.27 0.482019 -0.72977 19.96 0.577819 -0.5485 19.78
80 6.267 16.05 0.468916 -0.75733 19.56 0.559304 -0.58106 19.23
85 6.225 15.85 0.460416 -0.77562 19.19 0.544405 -0.60806 18.68
90 6.285 15.72 0.452627 -0.79269 18.76 0.525012 -0.64433 18.21
95 6.304 15.26 0.430039 -0.84388 18.43 0.510729 -0.67192 17.90
100 6.273 15.19 0.42753 -0.84973 17.97 0.492293 -0.70868 16.88
105 6.15 15.10 0.426597 -0.85192 17.89 0.491419 -0.71046 16.83
110 6.217 15.06 0.422847 -0.86074 17.67 0.480614 -0.73269 16.54
115 6.204 14.71 0.40648 -0.90022 17.36 0.467892 -0.75952 16.31
120 6.171 14.46 0.395486 -0.92764 17.20 0.461924 -0.77235 16.18
125 6.148 14.33 0.389953 -0.94173 16.92 0.450723 -0.7969 16.01
130 6.284 13.95 0.367744 -1.00037 16.19 0.41713 -0.87436 15.09
135 6.29 13.34 0.338292 -1.08385 15.77 0.399158 -0.9184 14.60
140 6.386 13.10 0.32366 -1.12806 15.53 0.386714 -0.95007 14.45
145 6.352 12.89 0.31466 -1.15626 15.21 0.373804 -0.98402 14.36
150 6.481 12.80 0.30602 -1.18411 14.66 0.347029 -1.05835 13.88
155 6.411 12.07 0.273131 -1.2978 14.47 0.341205 -1.07527 13.83
160 6.568 12.00 0.264177 -1.33114 14.16 0.323449 -1.12871 13.37
165 6.488 11.75 0.254917 -1.36682 13.67 0.304942 -1.18763 13.18
170 6.31 11.54 0.251201 -1.3815 13.45 0.300744 -1.20149 13.04
175 6.173 11.38 0.248461 -1.39247 13.16 0.292887 -1.22797 12.84
 Top 𝑇�=((𝑇−𝑇𝑎))/((𝑇𝑖−𝑇𝑎)
TR ln TR
1 0 TUGAS
0.93873 -0.06323 logbook: tulis perhitungan graphical method sampe 100
0.890509 -0.11596 lmtd bottom layernya aja dari 0 sampe 60
0.874316 -0.13431 rumus semua ditulis
0.840589 -0.17365
0.794823 -0.22964 Perbandingan Ln(TR) terhadap waktu pada bottom layer
0.768715 -0.26303
0
0.729541 -0.31534
-0.2 0 f(x)
20 =40- 0.0075941811x
60 80 100120140160180200
- 0.0783167261
0.699978 -0.35671 R² = 0.9875517492
-0.4 Perbandingan Ln(TR)
0.685768 -0.37722 terhadap waktu pada
-0.6
Ln(TR) bottom

0.660891 -0.41417 bottom layer

-0.8 Linear (Perbandingan
0.639762 -0.44666 Ln(TR) terhadap waktu
-1
0.622363 -0.47423 pada bottom layer)
-1.2
0.60507 -0.50241
-1.4
0.594589 -0.51989
-1.6
0.586745 -0.53317
Time
0.561096 -0.57786
0.538129 -0.61966
0.516569 -0.66055
0.502731 -0.6877
Hubungan Time thdp Ln(TR) di middle layer
0.459237 -0.77819 0
f(x) = 0- 0.0068085192x - 0.0151684952
0.459948 -0.77664 -0.2 0 R² 4 60 80 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0 20 0
20 = 0.9952216862
0.44586 -0.80775 -0.4 Hubungan Time thdp
Ln(TR) middle

0.436243 -0.82956 Ln(TR) di middle layer

-0.6
0.431441 -0.84062 Linear (Hubungan Time
-0.8 thdp Ln(TR) di middle
0.424683 -0.85641 layer)
-1
0.381443 -0.96379
0.360052 -1.02151 -1.2

0.350853 -1.04739 -1.4

0.347902 -1.05584 Time
0.323256 -1.12931
0.323141 -1.12967
0.298307 -1.20963 Perbandingan Time thdp Ln(TR) di Top Layer
0.292457 -1.22944
0
0.291847 -1.23152
0 f(x) = - 0.0070583x - 0.0384957929
20 40 60 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 20 0
0.287408 -1.24685 -0.2 R² = 0.9954066879
-0.4 Perbandingan Time thdp
Ln(TR) di Top Layer
Ln(TR) top

-0.6
Linear (Perbandingan
-0.8 Time thdp Ln(TR) di Top
Layer)
-1
 0
0 f(x) = - 0.0070583x - 0.0384957929
20 40 60 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 14 0 16 0 18 0 20 0
-0.2 R² = 0.9954066879
-0.4 Perbandingan Time thdp
Ln(TR) di Top Layer

Ln(TR) top
-0.6
Linear (Perbandingan
-0.8 Time thdp Ln(TR) di Top
Layer)
-1
-1.2
-1.4
Time
(𝑇−𝑇𝑎))/((𝑇𝑖−𝑇𝑎))

ottom layer

gan Ln(TR)
waktu pada
er
bandingan
adap waktu
om layer)

dle layer

gan Time thdp

di middle layer
(Hubungan Time
n(TR) di middle

op Layer

dingan Time thdp

i Top Layer
Perbandingan
dp Ln(TR) di Top
dingan Time thdp
i Top Layer
Perbandingan
dp Ln(TR) di Top
Forced-air cooling
Cooling rate, half cooling time of force-air cooling at bottom layer (LMTD method).

Time Air Temp. T, rep1 (Ti - T)/time (Ti-Ta)-(T-Ta) ln(Ti-Ta)/(T-Ta)

0 8.14 27.13 #DIV/0! 0.00 0

5 7.01 26.32 0.16 0.81 0.0410912488
10 6.81 24.71 0.24 2.42 0.1268115635
15 6.54 23.93 0.21 3.20 0.1688655193
20 6.54 23.44 0.18 3.69 0.1974494909
25 6.46 21.98 0.21 5.15 0.2866020282
30 6.54 21.57 0.19 5.56 0.3147752846
35 6.48 20.84 0.18 6.29 0.3633324023
40 6.61 20.06 0.18 7.07 0.4222928712
45 6.46 19.90 0.16 7.23 0.4303699766
50 6.46 18.74 0.17 8.39 0.5206123085
55 6.52 18.53 0.16 8.60 0.5401757707
60 6.33 18.49 0.14 8.64 0.5368694389
65 6.25 17.87 0.14 9.26 0.5861403534
70 6.23 17.12 0.14 10.01 0.6520361911
75 6.16 16.27 0.14 10.86 0.7297727712
80 6.27 16.05 0.14 11.08 0.7573310697
85 6.23 15.85 0.13 11.28 0.7756244846
90 6.29 15.72 0.13 11.41 0.7926879325
95 6.30 15.26 0.12 11.87 0.8438785074
100 6.27 15.19 0.12 11.94 0.8497300562
105 6.15 15.10 0.11 12.03 0.8519160707
110 6.22 15.06 0.11 12.07 0.8607447896
115 6.20 14.71 0.11 12.42 0.9002206081
120 6.17 14.46 0.11 12.67 0.9276388138
125 6.15 14.33 0.10 12.80 0.9417283078
130 6.28 13.95 0.10 13.18 1.0003671164
135 6.29 13.34 0.10 13.79 1.0838466001
140 6.39 13.10 0.10 14.03 1.1280621497
145 6.35 12.89 0.10 14.24 1.1562634263
150 6.48 12.80 0.10 14.33 1.1841059243
155 6.41 12.07 0.10 15.06 1.2978039555
160 6.57 12.00 0.09 15.13 1.3311373219
165 6.49 11.75 0.09 15.38 1.3668166525
170 6.31 11.54 0.09 15.59 1.3815027851
175 6.17 11.38 0.09 15.75 1.3924688453
Avg 6.431388889 17.04028 0.1358704266 10.0897222222 0.7428075732
 Cooling rate, half cooling time of force-air cooling at middle layer (LMTD method).

T, rep2 (Ti - T)/time (Ti-Ta)-(T-Ta) ln(Ti-Ta)/(T-Ta)

Time Air Temp.
0 8.14 30.17 #DIV/0! 0.00 0
5 7.01 29.22 0.19 0.95 0.0418840148
10 6.81 27.76 0.241 2.41 0.1088914363
15 6.54 27.54 0.1753333333 2.63 0.1179681596
20 6.54 27.07 0.155 3.10 0.1406043043
25 6.46 25.88 0.1716 4.29 0.1996213922
30 6.54 25.14 0.1676666667 5.03 0.2393669554
35 6.48 23.89 0.1794285714 6.28 0.3080539503
40 6.61 23.48 0.16725 6.69 0.3339293236
45 6.46 22.97 0.16 7.20 0.3618754715
50 6.46 22.08 0.1618 8.09 0.4172792335
55 6.52 21.46 0.1583636364 8.71 0.4594195612
60 6.33 21.14 0.1505 9.03 0.4761133708
65 6.25 21.05 0.1403076923 9.12 0.480139277
70 6.23 20.78 0.1341428571 9.39 0.4980405922
75 6.16 18.61 0.1541333333 11.56 0.656904513
80 6.27 18.42 0.146875 11.75 0.6764279212
85 6.23 18.27 0.14 11.90 0.6871098977
90 6.29 18.06 0.1345555556 12.11 0.7072720069
95 6.30 17.90 0.1291578947 12.27 0.7217946409
100 6.27 17.67 0.125 12.50 0.7404027652
105 6.15 17.59 0.1198095238 12.58 0.7417708307
110 6.22 17.41 0.116 12.76 0.7608049941
115 6.20 17.12 0.1134782609 13.05 0.7864065564
120 6.17 17.03 0.1095 13.14 0.7930179336
125 6.15 16.67 0.108 13.50 0.8255017738
130 6.28 16.16 0.1077692308 14.01 0.8831849418
135 6.29 15.77 0.1066666667 14.40 0.9238569723
140 6.39 15.32 0.1060714286 14.85 0.9791488628
145 6.35 15.09 0.104 15.08 1.0027602668
150 6.48 14.30 0.1058 15.87 1.1084541362
155 6.41 13.96 0.1045806452 16.21 1.1465463019
160 6.57 13.67 0.103125 16.50 1.2009550197
165 6.49 12.94 0.1044242424 17.23 1.3003251056
170 6.31 12.75 0.1024705882 17.42 1.3096748766
175 6.17 12.42 0.1014285714 17.75 1.345827474
Avg 6.43 19.63 0.13700682 10.5377777778 0.6522593009

Cooling rate, half cooling time of force-air cooling at top layer (LMTD method).
Time Air Temp. T, rep3 (Ti - T)/time (Ti-Ta)-(T-Ta) ln(Ti-Ta)/(T-Ta)

0 8.14 28.82 #DIV/0! 0 0

5 7.01 27.23 0.318 1.59 0.0756963666
10 6.811 26.64 0.218 2.18 0.104305948
15 6.535 25.32 0.2333333333 3.5 0.1708551274
20 6.536 24.21 0.2305 4.61 0.2317742991
25 6.463 23.33 0.2196 5.49 0.2817804209
30 6.541 22.55 0.209 6.27 0.3304934667
35 6.483 21.59 0.2065714286 7.23 0.3910862838
40 6.605 21.11 0.19275 7.71 0.4262743188
45 6.457 20.6 0.1826666667 8.22 0.4581880054
50 6.457 19.73 0.1818 9.09 0.5216759108
55 6.524 19.08 0.1770909091 9.74 0.5742086512
60 6.332 18.88 0.1656666667 9.94 0.5834205433
65 6.252 18.45 0.1595384615 10.37 0.6152609698
70 6.233 18.16 0.1522857143 10.66 0.6385697819
75 6.164 17.33 0.1532 11.49 0.7075512706
80 6.267 16.89 0.149125 11.93 0.752846633
85 6.225 16.78 0.1416470588 12.04 0.7611289616
90 6.285 16.32 0.1388888889 12.5 0.8089906739
95 6.304 16.06 0.1343157895 12.76 0.8363436872
100 6.273 15.87 0.1295 12.95 0.8541514698
105 6.15 15.65 0.1254285714 13.17 0.8697506659
110 6.217 15.4 0.122 13.42 0.9007286922
115 6.204 15.14 0.1189565217 13.68 0.9285695586
120 6.171 15.02 0.115 13.8 0.9398112426
125 6.148 14.87 0.1116 13.95 0.9552821135
130 6.284 14.15 0.1128461538 14.67 1.0525643566
135 6.29 13.93 0.1102962963 14.89 1.0814501513
140 6.386 13.71 0.1079285714 15.11 1.1194210384
145 6.352 13.53 0.1054482759 15.29 1.1410712819
150 6.481 13.3 0.1034666667 15.52 1.1866211963
155 6.411 12.88 0.1028387097 15.94 1.2424411268
160 6.568 12.81 0.1000625 16.01 1.2711312484
165 6.488 12.78 0.0972121212 16.04 1.2667416423
170 6.31 12.32 0.0970588235 16.5 1.3205349064
175 6.173 12.06 0.0957714286 16.76 1.3472808628
Avg 6.43 17.85 0.1519827016 10.9727777778 0.7430000798
at bottom layer (LMTD method).

z without j
𝐿𝑀𝑇� =((𝑇𝑖-𝑇𝑎)-(𝑇-𝑇𝑎))/(𝑙𝑛(𝑇𝑖-𝑇𝑎)/(𝑇-𝑇𝑎
LMTD CR
(min)
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
19.71222642 0.0082182498 84.342433116
19.08343319 0.0126811564 54.659619457 𝐶�=((𝑇𝑖 − 𝑇)/𝑡)/𝐿𝑀𝑇�
18.94999058 0.0112577013 61.570933797
18.6883237 0.0098724745 70.210075228
17.96916802 0.0114640811 60.462515301
17.6633944 0.0104925095 66.061144033
17.31197097 0.0103809258 66.771229785
𝑍 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ �= (ln (2×�))/𝐶�
16.74193547 0.0105573218 65.655589085
16.79949902 0.0095637773 72.476299053
16.11563896 0.0104122462 66.570379653
15.9207437 0.0098213776 70.575351578 𝑍 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑡 �= (ln(2))/𝐶�
16.09329825 0.008947824 77.465446567
15.79826392 0.0090175439 76.866515799
15.35190859 0.0093148027 74.413511553
14.88134448 0.0097303036 71.235925204
14.63032542 0.0094666384 73.219991448
14.54312006 0.0091249939 75.961385329
14.39406295 0.0088076437 78.698367531
14.06600582 0.0088829317 78.03135354
14.05152132 0.0084973006 81.572633042
14.12110936 0.0081134864 85.431483762
14.02273955 0.0078249526 88.581645552
13.79661817 0.0078280053 88.547101727
13.65833319 0.0077303234 89.665999774
13.59203062 0.0075338265 92.004665095
13.17516318 0.0076951317 90.076065076
12.72320271 0.0080284933 86.335897876
12.437258 0.0080575868 86.024165695
12.31553267 0.0079742305 86.923393831
12.10195786 0.0078940395 87.806398863
11.60421798 0.0083729287 82.784316175
11.36622026 0.0083196083 83.314881995
11.25242363 0.0082837373 83.675659483
11.28481257 0.008126487 85.294812262
11.31084552 0.0079569648 87.112007576
14.78653259 0.0090357602 78.011405567
at middle layer (LMTD method).

CRTlm z without j
LMTD
(min)
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
22.68168428 0.008376803 82.746028992
22.13213529 0.0108891436 63.654884549
22.29415131 0.007864544 88.135711717
22.04768918 0.0070302152 98.595442553
21.4906827 0.0079848557 86.807727998
21.01376103 0.0079788985 86.872540044
20.38603951 0.0088015414 78.752930447
20.03417947 0.0083482331 83.029207864
19.89634713 0.0080416771 86.194355747
19.38749727 0.0083455847 83.05555667
18.95870515 0.0083530829 82.981000702
18.96607101 0.0079352228 87.350688691
18.99448855 0.0073867581 93.836453068
18.8538849 0.0071148656 97.422385642
17.59768699 0.0087587268 79.137892215
17.37066084 0.008455349 81.97735887
17.31891804 0.0080836459 85.746851475
17.12212541 0.0078585779 88.20262309
16.99929496 0.0075978383 91.229524886
16.88270302 0.0074040277 93.617583991
16.95941587 0.0070644841 98.117169005
16.77170904 0.006916409 100.21778308
16.59446999 0.0068383179 101.36223448
16.56961267 0.0066084828 104.88749137
16.35368987 0.0066040142 104.95846322
15.8630422 0.0067937303 102.02747942
15.5868283 0.006843385 101.28718209
15.16623321 0.0069939204 99.107101043
15.03848976 0.006915588 100.22968052
14.31723648 0.0073896942 93.799169208
14.13811197 0.0073970729 93.705603348
13.73906577 0.0075059689 92.346130431
13.25053244 0.0078807582 87.954377175
13.30101105 0.0077039699 89.972727434
13.18891191 0.0076904427 90.130985538
17.6362019 0.0077073094 90.841437902

g at top layer (LMTD method).

 CRTlm z without j
LMTD
(min)
#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
21.00497119 0.0151392733 45.784706156
20.90005452 0.0104305948 66.45327461
20.48519148 0.0113903418 60.853940226
19.89003966 0.011588715 59.812255575
19.48325573 0.0112712168 61.497102821
18.97163071 0.0110164489 62.919293466
18.48696899 0.0111738938 62.03273376
18.08694463 0.010656858 65.042358872
17.94023393 0.0101819557 68.076035944
17.42461136 0.0104335182 66.434654755
16.96247519 0.0104401573 66.392407797
17.03745285 0.0097236757 71.284481345
16.8546365 0.0094655534 73.228384289
16.69355535 0.0091224255 75.98277277
16.23910588 0.0094340169 73.473175302
15.84652103 0.0094105829 73.656136608
15.81860711 0.0089544584 77.408052147
15.45135241 0.0089887853 77.112441791
15.25688565 0.0088036178 78.734356649
15.16124535 0.0085415147 81.150381998
15.14227067 0.0082833397 83.67967604
14.89904798 0.0081884427 84.649451629
14.73233736 0.0080745179 85.843785233
14.68379966 0.0078317604 88.504646359
14.60301601 0.0076422569 90.699277567
13.93739006 0.0080966489 85.609143907
13.76854956 0.0080107419 86.527214653
13.49804897 0.0079958646 86.688209305
13.39968873 0.0078694571 88.080685906
13.07915285 0.007910808 87.620276297
12.82958175 0.0080157492 86.473162122
12.59508019 0.0079445703 87.247913252
12.66240839 0.0076772221 90.286196473
12.49493665 0.0077678524 89.232795079
12.4398709 0.0076987478 90.0337561
15.96459769 0.009290731 76.528718194
(𝑙𝑛(𝑇𝑖-𝑇𝑎)/(𝑇-𝑇𝑎))