Kadi Sarva Vishwavidhyalaya

B.E Semester: VII (EE)

Subject Name & Code : Interconnected Power System - (EE-701)

Course Objective:
To address the concept behind Interconnected Power System.
To impart knowledge of advancement in the field of power system with insight
experimental approach.
The course starts with a review of power systems stability and load flow analysis.
To impart knowledge of Economic operation of power system & generator modeling.
It provides students with intense training in research methods, advanced simulation tools
and experimental techniques in power systems.
A. Teaching / Examination Scheme

Teaching Scheme Total Examination Scheme Total

SUBJECT
Credit PR. /
L T P Total THEORY IE CIA Marks
VIVO
CODE NAME
Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Hrs Marks Marks Marks Marks
Interconnected 4 0 2 6 5 3 70 30 20 30 150
EE-701
Power System

B. Outline of the Course:

1. Introduction:
Structure of Power System, concept of Interconnection, Hierarchical Grid arrangements,
Cascade Tripping, Islanding, Load dispatch center.
2. Power system matrices :
Brief explanation of Graph theory, Primitive Network, Ybus formation methods, Singular
transformation method, Direct method, Algorithm for formation of Zbus, Addition
branch and link, Removal of elements, Numericals.
3. Load flow studies
Introduction, Necessity of Load Flow studies, Static Load Flow Equations, Bus
Classifications, Approximate method, Gauss-Seidel Method, Newton Raphson Method,
Decoupled Load flow method, Fast Decoupled Load Flow Method, Comparison of
different methods, Calculation of Line flows.
4. Economic operation of power systems:
Generator operating cost, Economic operation of generators within thermal plant,
Optimal operation by co-ordination equation, Penalty factor, Derivation of transmission
 t problem solution by dynamic
programming, Numericals.
5. Frequency and voltage control methods:
Speed governing mechanism, Mathematical modeling, Adjustment of Governor
characteristics, Single area control, Flat frequency control, Selective frequency control,
Tie line load bias control, Methods of voltage control, Numericals.

6. Power system stability:

Introduction, types of stability, stability limit, concept of load angle and infinite bus,
Power angle curve, Swing equation, Solution of swing equation, Steady state stability
analysis, Methods of improving Steady state stability , Transient stability analysis, step
by step method, Methods of improving Transient stability, Equal area criteria,
Numericals.

D. Lesson Planning

Sr. No. Lectures Weightage Course Contents

in % in
Hours. Exam

1 6 10 Introduction:

Structure of Power System, concept of Interconnection,

Hierarchical Grid arrangements, Cascade Tripping,
Islanding, Load dispatch center.

2 8 15 Power system matrices

Brief explanation of Graph theory, Primitive Network,

Ybus formation methods, Singular transformation method,
Direct method, Algorithm for formation of Zbus, Addition
branch and link, Removal of elements, Numericals.

3 10 20 Load flow studies

Introduction,Necessity of Load Flow studies,Static Load

Flow Equations, Bus Classifications, Approximate method,
Gauss-Seidel Method, Newton Raphson Method,
Decoupled Load flow method, Fast Decoupled Load Flow
Method, Comparison of different methods, Numericals.
4 8 15 Economic operation of power systems

Generator operating cost, Economic operation of generators

within thermal plant, Optimal operation by co-ordination
equation, Penalty factor, Derivation of transmission loss

solution bydynamic programming, Numericals.

5 8 15 Frequency and voltage control methods

Speed governing mechanism, Mathematical modelling,

Adjustment of Governor characteristics, Single area
control, Flat frequency control, Selective frequency control,
Tie line load bias control, Methods of voltage control,
Numericals.

6 12 25 Power system stability

Introduction, types of stability, stability limit, concept of

load angle and infinite bus, Power angle curve, Swing
equation, Solution of swing equation, Steady state stability
analysis, Methods of improving Steady state stability ,
Transient stability analysis, step by step method, Methods
of improving Transient stability, Equal area criteria,
Numericals.

52 100 Total

Suggested List of Experiments:

1.
of three generators.
2. MATLAB program for displaying final summary of fuel cost functions from the details
provided by the user.
3. MATLAB program that gives the optimal load division of two thermal plants.
4. MATLAB program for building YBUS matrix.
5. MATLAB program for assembly of ZBUS matrix.
6. MATLAB program for power flow studies by Gauss Siedel method.
7. MATLAB program for power flow studies by Newton Raphson method.
8. MATLAB program for power flow studies by Fast Decoupled method.
9. MATLAB program for determining the transient stability when input power is
suddenly increased.
10. MATLAB program for determining the transient stability when input power is
suddenly decreased.
11. MATLAB program for Dynamic simulation of Single machine infinite bus.
12. MATLAB program for Dynamic simulation of three bus two machine system for
transient stability for different type and location of fault.

E. Term Work:
1. MATLAB Programming on Economic operation of power systems and Load flow
studies.
2. Dynamic simulation of small power system with different operating points and cases.
3. Tutorials.

F. Instructional Method & Pedagogy

At the start of course, the course delivery pattern, prerequisite of the subject will be
discussed.

Lecture may be conducted with the aid of multi-media projector, black board, OHP etc.
& equal weightage should be given to all topics while teaching and conduction of all
examinations.

Attendance is compulsory in lectures, which may carries five marks in overall evaluation.

One/Two internal exams may be conducted and total/average/best of the same may be
converted to equivalent of 30 marks as a part of internal theory evaluation.

Assignment based on course content will be given to the student for each unit/topic and
will be evaluated at regular interval. It may carry an importance of ten marks in the
overall internal evaluation.

Surprise tests/Quizzes/Seminar/Tutorial may be conducted and having share of five

marks in the overall internal evaluation.
G. Students Learning Outcomes
On successful completion of the course,
Students will acquire the concept behind Interconnected Power System.
Students will acquire the knowledge of load flow analysis and its necessity in power
system.
Student will learn different methods for load flow studies.
Students will be able to know the effect of frequency and voltage in power system
stability and various frequency and voltage control methods in power system.
Students will be able to know the concept and analysis of transient and steady state
stability and various methods to improve transient & steady state stability in power
system.
H. Reference Books:
1. Modern Power System Analysis by D. P. Kothari &I. J. Nagrath, Tata- McGraw-Hill.
2. Power System Analysis by John J. Grainger & Jr. Stevenson, Mcgraw-Hill.
3. Electrical Power System Analysis, by Dr. Shivanagaraju& B.V Rami Reddy, University
Science Press.
4. Power System Analysis by HadiSaadat, Tata-McGraw-Hill.
5. Electrical Power Systems by C. L. Wadhwa, New Age International.

I. Learning Resources:
1. www.nptel.iitm.ac.in
2. MIT open courseware.