Sine Is Usually Listed First Amongst The Trigonometric Functions

In
mathematics, the sine function is a function of an angle.
Sine is usually listed first amongst the trigonometric functions.
In geometry, the tangent line (or simply the tangent) to a curve at a given point is the straight line that

"just touches" the curve. As it passes through the point where the tangent line and the curve meet, or the
point of tangency, the tangent line is "going in the same direction" as the curve, and in this sense it is the
best straight-line approximation to the curve at that point.
The word "tangent" comes from the Latin tangere, meaning "to touch".
Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three

sides of a right triangle (right-angled triangle). In terms of areas, it states:
In any right triangle, the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right
angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares whose sides are the two legs (the two sides that
meet at a right angle).
The mass density or density of a material is defined as its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often
used for density is ρ (the Greek letter rho).
density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly
called specific weight. where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.
Weight is the force that results from the acceleration by gravity on the mass of an object.
Several definitions exist for weight, not all of which are equivalent.
The main differences in these definitions are:
 whether the definition is based on the standard gravity of the Earth, or is based on any
other proper acceleration, for example, Moon's gravity for an object on the moon;
 whether the quantity is determined directly and is thus weighing-instrument-dependent
(see apparent weight), or is determined indirectly, from other measurements of mass and
acceleration;
 whether the quantity is a vector or a scalar.
-
Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon in which objects with mass attract one another.
Acceleration due to Gravity:

g = 9.8 m/s^2 [down]
Force of Gravity:
Fg = Gm1m2/r^2
G is universal gravitational constant: 6.67 x 10^-11

m1, m2 are the two masses that attract each other
Fg is the attractive force between the two masses
r is the distance between the two masses
Gravitational Potential Energy (near surface of Earth):

Eg = mgh
m is mass of object
g is acceleration due to gravity
h is height of object above the surface of Earth
Eg is the amount of gravitational potential energy an object has when it is near the surface of the
Earth
Gravitational Potential Energy (in general):

Eg = -Gm1m2/r
Pressure is an effect which occurs when a force is applied on a surface. Pressure is the amount of
force acting on a unit area. The symbol of pressure is P.
P is the pressure,

F is the normal force,
A is the area.
The SI unit for pressure is the pascal
-
The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a material.
The symbol of specific weight is γ
General formula
Where:
γ is the specific weight of the material (weight per unit volume, typically N/m3 units)
ρ is the density of the material (mass per unit volume, typically kg/m3)
g is acceleration due to gravity (rate of change of velocity, given in m/s2)
-
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (mass of a unit volume) of a substance to the density
(mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. Apparent specific gravity is the ratio of
the weight of a volume of the substance to the weight of an equal volume of the reference
substance.
-
Measuring volume
Liquid volume is measured with beakers, measuring cups, spoons, graduated cylinders, and the
like. For regular objects, solid volume can be calculated. For irregular objects, their volumes can
be determined by measuring the amount of liquid that is displaced by the object when it is
submerged in the liquid.
. Regular Geometric Shapes
The volume of a solid object with a regular geometric shape (rectangular box, cube, cylinder,
sphere) can be determined using the volume formula for the shape.
Irregularly Shaped Objects
Because many objects are not regularly shaped their volume cannot be determined using a
volume formula. The volume of these objects can be found by water displacement. A volume of
water sufficient to cover the object is placed in a graduated cylinder and the volume read. The
object is added to the cylinder and the volume read again. The difference between the two
volumes is the volume of the object. This method is demonstrated using the same battery used
above.
Liquid volumes can be measured in various ways using special apparatus orequipment.
The measuring (or graduated) cylinder .This is for measuring out approximate volumes of liquids.
It is graduated in cubic centimeters or milliliters. It comes in various sizes ;5ml, 10ml, 50ml,
100ml, 250ml, 1000ml and 2000ml.
For all liquids, except mercury, the correct reading is taken at the bottom of the curved liquid
surface. For mercury the correct reading is taken at the top.The burette.This is a glass vessel that
delivers small volumes of liquid up to usually, 50 cm3. For greater accuracy, it is long and thin
and graduated in milliliters. Readingsare always taken at the level of the bottom of the meniscus.
A pipette is used to transfer a measured volume of liquid from one container to another. A
Syringe.It is similar to pipette, but is used to inject a known volume, such as 5ml, of a particular
liquid medication.Volumetric Flask.It holds a fixed volume of liquid when filled up to the mark on
the neck.Each of the above pieces of measuring apparatus comes in different sizes.
-
Surface area and volume formulas are part of the math used in common science calculations.
You may need to calculate surface area and volume to
determine density,pressure and concentration, for example. While it's a good idea to memorize
these formulas, here a list of surface area and volume formulas to use as a handy reference.
Shapes
Formula
Rectangle:
Area = Length X Width
A = lw
Perimeter = 2 X Lengths + 2 X Widths

P = 2l + 2w
Parallelogram
Area = Base X Height
a = bh
Triangle
Area = 1/2 of the base X the height
a = 1/2 bh
Perimeter = a + b + c
(add the length of the three sides)
Introduction to measuring area and perimeter:

The quantities used to find area, length, width capacities, volume of things etc are called measures. Many
countries have their own system of measures. But Metric System of measures is very simple and easy to calculate.
The area is measured in square unit and perimeter is measured in units. In this article we shall see about how to
calculate area and perimeter for different shapes in geometry.
Example Problems for Measuring Area and Perimeter:
1. The square has the side length 25 m. Find the area and perimeter of the square.
Solution:
Given:
a= 25 meters
Measuring area:
Area of the square (A) = a2 square units
= 25 x 25
= 625 m2
Measuring perimeter:
Perimeter of the square = 4 x a units
=4 x 25
Perimeter of the square = 100 m

2. Find the area and perimeter of rectangle, whose length and width are 14meter and 20 meter respectively.
Solution:
Given:
Length= 14 meters,
Width =20 meters
Measuring area:
Area of rectangle = l x w square unit.
=14 x 20
Area of rectangle = 280 m2
Perimeter of the rectangle = 2(l + w)
=2(14 + 20)
= 2 (34)
Perimeter of the rectangle = 68 m
More Example Problems for Measuring Area and Perimeter:
3. The radius(r) of a circle is 19 inches. Find the area and circumference of that circle?
Solution:
Given:
r = 19 inches
Measuring area:
Area of the circle= π x r2
π = 3.14
A = 3.14 x (19)2

=3.14 x 361
Area = 1133.54 in2
Measuring (circumference) perimeter:
Circumference of the circle = 2πr.
= 2 x 3.14 x 19
= 119.32 inches

4. Find the area and perimeter of equilateral triangle whose side 11 cm.
Solution:
Given:

Side of triangle, a = 11 cm
Measuring area:
Area of equilateral triangle (A) =a2 x
= 112 x

= 121 x 0.433
Area of equilateral triangle (A) = 52.393 cm2
Perimeter of equilateral triangle (P) = 3a
= 3 x 11
Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 33 cm

Sine Is Usually Listed First Amongst The Trigonometric Functions

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In

mathematics, the sine function is a function of an angle.

Sine is usually listed first amongst the trigonometric functions.

In geometry, the tangent line (or simply the tangent) to a curve at a given point is the straight line that

Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a relation in Euclidean geometry among the three

density is also defined as its weight per unit volume; although, this quantity is more properly

Several definitions exist for weight, not all of which are equivalent.

The main differences in these definitions are:

Gravitation, or gravity, is a natural phenomenon in which objects with mass attract one another.

Acceleration due to Gravity:

G is universal gravitational constant: 6.67 x 10^-11

Gravitational Potential Energy (near surface of Earth):

Gravitational Potential Energy (in general):

P is the pressure,

. Regular Geometric Shapes

Irregularly Shaped Objects

Perimeter = 2 X Lengths + 2 X Widths

Introduction to measuring area and perimeter:

= 112 x

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