Generation of elementary Generation of elementary

Discrete time sequence with Discrete time sequence without

formula formula
t=input('Enter The Length Of The t=input('Enter The Length Of The
Sequence='); Sequence=');
%Unit Step Signal %Unit Step Signal
a=input('Enter The Value Of A='); a=input('Enter The Value Of A=');
n=0:1:t-1; n=0:1:t-1;
y=1*(n>=0); y=ones(1,t);
subplot(2,3,1); subplot(2,3,1);
stem(n,y); stem(n,y);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Unit Step Signal'); title('Unit Step Signal');
%Unit Impulse %Unit Impulse
n=-t:1:t; n=-t:1:t;
y=1*(n==0); y=[zeros(1,t),ones(1,1),zeros(1,t)];
subplot(2,3,2); subplot(2,3,2);
stem(n,y); stem(n,y);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Unit Impulse'); title('Unit Impulse');
%Ramp Signal %Ramp Signal
n=0:1:t-1; n=0:1:t-1;
subplot(2,3,3); subplot(2,3,3);
stem(n,n); stem(n,n);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Ramp Signal'); title('Ramp Signal');
%Exponential signal %Exponential signal
n=0:1:t-1; n=0:1:t-1;
z=(a.^n); z=exp(a*n);
subplot(2,3,4); subplot(2,3,4);
stem(n,z); stem(n,z);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Exponential signal'); title('Exponential signal');
time=input('Enter The Time='); time=input('Enter The Time=');
%Sinusoidal Signal %Sinusoidal Signal
n=0:0.1:time; n=0:0.1:time;
f=0.2; f=0.2;
x=sin(2*pi*f*n); x=sin(2*pi*f*n);
subplot(2,3,5); subplot(2,3,5);
stem(n,x); stem(n,x);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Sinusoidal Signal'); title('Sinusoidal Signal');
%Cosine Signal %Cosine Signal
n=0:0.1:time; n=0:0.1:time;
f=0.2; f=0.2;
x=cos(2*pi*f*n); x=cos(2*pi*f*n);
subplot(2,3,6); subplot(2,3,6);
stem(n,x); stem(n,x);
xlabel('t'); xlabel('t');
ylabel('x(t)'); ylabel('x(t)');
title('Cosine Signal') title('Cosine Signal');
Linear and Circular Convolution without Conv function
close all;
clear all;
clc;
x=input('Enter the sequence 1:');
h=input('Enter the sequence 2:');
a=length(x);
b=length(h);
n=a+b-1;
m=max(a,b);
y=zeros(1,n);
z=zeros(1,m);
x1=[x zeros(1,m-a)];
h1=[h zeros(1,m-b)];
l=1:n;
for i=0:n %Linear Convolution Loop
for j=0:n
if ((i-j+1)>0 && (i-j+1)<=b && (j+1)<=a)
y(i+1)=y(i+1)+x(j+1).*h(i-j+1);
end
end
end
disp('Linear convolution sequence');
disp(y);
for i=0:m-1;%Circular Convolution loop
for j=0:m-1;
k=mod((i-j),m);
z(i+1)=z(i+1)+x1(j+1)*h1(k+1);
end
end
disp('Circular convolution sequence');
disp(z);

subplot(2,2,1);
stem(x);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('x(n)');
title('Input sequence');
subplot(2,2,2);
stem(h);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('h(n)');
title('Input sequence');
subplot(2,2,3);
stem(y);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('Linear convolution');
subplot(2,2,4);
stem(z);
xlabel('n');
ylabel('z(n)');
title('Circular convolution');
Auto Correlation and cross Auto Correlation and cross
correlation correlation
Without using xcorr With using xcorr
clc;
close all; clc;
clear all; close all;
%Cross correlation without xcorr clear all;
syntax %Cross correlation with xcorr syntax
x=input('Enter the first Sequence : x=input('Enter the first Sequence :
'); ');
h=input('Enter the second sequence : h=input('Enter the second sequence :
'); ');
n=length(x); z=xcorr(x,h);
m=length(h); %auto correlation with xcorr syntax
k=n+m-1; x1=wrev(x)
x1=[x zeros(1,k-n)]'; y=xcorr(x,x1);
h=wrev(h); disp(z);
h=[h zeros(1,k-m)]'; disp(y);
for i=1:k % display the output
c(:,i)=circshift(x1,i-1); subplot(2,3,1);
end stem(x);
y=c*h; xlabel('n');
disp('Cross Correlation of the ylabel('x(n)');
sequences') title('Input x(n)');
disp(y'); subplot(2,3,2);
%Auto correlation without xcorr stem(h);
syntax xlabel('n');
b=x; ylabel('h(n)');
for j=1:length(b) title('Input h(n)');
d(:,j)=circshift(b',j-1); subplot(2,3,3);
end stem(z);
z=wrev(b)'; xlabel('n');
a=d*z; ylabel('y(n)');
disp('Auto Correlation of the title('Cross correlation');
sequences') subplot(2,3,4)
disp(a'); stem(y);
% display the output xlabel('n');
subplot(2,3,1); ylabel('z(n)');
stem(x); title('Auto correlation');
xlabel('n'); subplot(2,3,5);
ylabel('x(n)'); stem(fliplr(z));
title('Input x(n)'); xlabel('n');
subplot(2,3,2); ylabel('y(n)');
stem(h); title('Cross correlation flipped')
xlabel('n');ylabel('h(n)'); subplot(2,3,6);
title('Input h(n)'); stem(fliplr(y));
subplot(2,3,3); xlabel('n');
stem(a'); ylabel('y(n)');
xlabel('n');ylabel('y(n)'); title('Auto correlation flipped')
title('Cross correlation');
subplot(2,3,4)
stem(y');
xlabel('n');ylabel('z(n)');
title('Auto correlation');
subplot(2,3,5);
stem(fliplr(y'));
xlabel('n');ylabel('y(n)');
title('Cross correlation flipped')
subplot(2,3,6);
stem(fliplr(a'));
xlabel('n');
ylabel('y(n)');
title('Auto correlation flipped')
Frequency Analysis using DFT
clc;
clear all;
N=input('Enter the length of sequenc,N=');
m=floor(N/8);
rect=[ones(1,m) zeros(1,N-m)];
subplot(3,1,1);
stem(rect);
%Finding DFT
w=exp(-j*2*pi/N);
n=[0:1:(N-1)];
k=[0:1:(N-1)];
nk=n'*k;
W=w.^nk;
X=rect*W;
%Magnitude and Phase plot
subplot(3,1,2);
stem(k,abs(X(1:N)));
title('Magnitude Sprectrum');
xlabel('Discrete Frequency');
ylabel('Amplitude');
subplot(3,1,3);
stem(k,angle(X(1:N)));
title('Phase Spectrum');
xlabel('Discrete Frequency');
ylabel('Phase Angle');
PROGRAM FOR LOW PASS FILTER:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
N=input('enter the order of the filter=');
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency=');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency=');
wc=2*fc*fs; %Normalize the frequency
disp('1-Rectangular 2-Bartlett 3-Hamming 4-Hanning 5-Blackmann=');
%enter the choice of window
choice=input('enter the choice of the window=');
switch(choice)
case{1}
wn=rectangular(N+1);
case{2}
wn=bartlett(N+1);
case{3}
wn=hamming(N+1);
case{4}
wn=hanning(N+1);
case{5}
wn=blackman(N+1);
end
hn=firl(N,wc,wn) %desired impulse response of FIR low pass filter
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(hn); %plot the filter coefficients
grid on;
xlabel('number of samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('linear phase FIR filter coefficients');
a=1;
[H,f]=freqz(hn,a,512,fs); %compute the magnitude response of the filter
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f,20*log10(abs(H))); %plot the magnitude response of FIR LPF
grid on;
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude response of FIR filter coefficients');
%demonstration of filtering the input
f1=input('enter the frequency of the first signal=');%f2=input('enter the
frequency of the second signal=');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency to generate samples=');
n=0:(1/fs):.1;
x1=sin(2*pi*f1*n);
x2=sin(2*pi*f2*n);
x=[x1,x2];
y=filter(hn,a,x);%pass the composite signal X through the filter designed
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(x);
%plot the composite signal
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('composite signal with two frequency components');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(y);
%plot the filtered signal
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('filtered signal through the designed LPF');
PROGRAM FOR HIGH PASS FILTER:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
N=input('enter the order of the filter=');
fc=input('enter the cutoff frequency=');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency=');
wc=2*fc/fs; %Normalize the frequency
disp('1-Rectangular 2-Bartlett 3-Hamming 4-Hanning 5-
Blackmann=');
%enter the choice of window
choice=input('enter the choice of the window=');
switch(choice)
case{1}
wn=rectwin(N+1);
case{2}
wn=bartlett(N+1);
case{3}
wn=hamming(N+1);
case{4}
wn=hann(N+1);
case{5}
wn=blackman(N+1);
end
hn=firl(N,wc,'high',wn) %desired impulse response of FIR
high pass filter
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(hn); %plot the filter coefficients
grid on;
xlabel('number of samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('linear phase FIR filter coefficients');
a=1;
[H,f]=freqz(hn,a,512,fs); %compute the magnitude response of
the filter
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f,20*log10(abs(H))); %plot the magnitude response of FIR
LPF
grid on;
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude response of FIR filter coefficients');
%demonstration of filtering the input
f1=input('enter the frequency of the first signal=');
%get the frequency of first signal f1<fc
f2=input('enter the frequency of the second signal=');
%get the frequency of second signal f1<fc
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency to generate samples=');
%get the sampling frequency fs should be greater than 2f2
n=0:(1/fs):.1;
x1=sin(2*pi*f1*n);
x2=sin(2*pi*f2*n);
x=[x1,x2];
y=filter(hn,a,x);
%pass the composite signal X through the filter designed
figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(x);
%plot the composite signal
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('composite signal with two frequency components');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(y);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('filtered signal through the designed HPF');
%Frequency response of digital filter
PROGRAM FOR BAND PASS FILTER:
close all;
clear all;
clc;
fpb=input ('enter the passband frequency=');
fsb=input ('enter the stop band frequency=');
fs=input ('enter the sampling frequency=');
N=input ('enter the order of the filter=');
wp=2*fpb/fs;
ws=2*fsb/fs;
wc=[wp ws];
disp('1-Rectangular 2-Bartlett 3-Hamming 4-Hanning 5-Blackmann=');
%enter the choice of window
choice=input('enter the choice of the window=');
switch(choice)
case{1}
wn=rectwin(N+1);
case{2}
wn=bartlet(N+1);
case{3}
wn=hamming(N+1);
case{4}
wn=hann(N+1);
case{5}
wn=blackman(N+1);
end
hn=fir1(N,wc,'bandpass',wn);
subplot(2,2,1);
stem(hn);
xlabel('munber of samples'); ylabel('amplitude');
title('Lonear phase Fir filter coefficients');
a=1;
[H,f]=freqz(hn,a,512,fs);
subplot(2,2,2);
plot(f,20*log10(abs(H)));
xlabel('frequency'); ylabel('Magnitude');
title('Magnitude response of FIR BPF');
f1=input ('enter the frequency of the first signal=');
f2=input ('enter the frequency of the second signal=');
f3=input ('enter the frequency of the third signal=');
fs1=input ('enter the sampling frequency to generate samples=');
n=0:(1/fs1):.01;
x1=sin(2*pi*f1*n);
x2=sin(2*pi*f2*n);
x3=sin(2*pi*f3*n);
x=[x1 x2 x3];
y=filter(hn,a,x);
subplot(2,2,3);
plot(x);
xlabel('time'); ylabel('Magnitude');
title('composite signal');
subplot(2,2,4);
plot(y);
xlabel('time'); ylabel('Magnitude');
title('filtered signal BPF ');
PROGRAM FOR BAND STOP FILTER:
clc;
close all;
clear all;
N=input('enter the order of the filter=');
fc1=input('enter the passband frequency=');
fc2=input('enter the stopband frequency=');
fs=input('enter the sampling frequency=');
wc1=2*fc1/fs; %Normalize the frequency
wc2=2*fc1/fs;
wc=[wc1 wc2];
disp('1-Rectangular 2-Bartlett 3-Hamming 4-Hanning 5-
Blackmann=');
%enter the choice of window
choice=input('enter the choice of the window=');
switch(choice)
case{1}
wn=rectwin(N+1);
case{2}
wn=bartlett(N+1);
case{3}
wn=hamming(N+1);
case{4}
wn=hanning(N+1);
case{5}
wn=blackman(N+1);
end
hn=firl(N,wc,'stop',wn) %desired impulse response of FIR
band pass filter
subplot(2,1,1);
stem(hn); %plot the filter coefficients
grid on;
xlabel('number of samples');
ylabel('amplitude');
title('linear phase FIR filter coefficients');
a=1;
[H,f]=freqz(hn,a,512,fs); %compute the magnitude response of
the filter
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(f,20*log10(abs(H))); %plot the magnitude response of FIR
BPF
grid on;
xlabel('frequency');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('magnitude response of FIR BSF');
%Demonstration of filtering the input
f1=input('enter the frequency of the first signal=');
f2=input('enter the frequency of the second signal=');
f3=input('enter the frequency of the third signal=');
fs2=input('enter the sampling frequency to generate
samples=');
n=0:(1/fs2):.01;
x1=sin(2*pi*f1*n);
x2=sin(2*pi*f2*n);
x3=sin(2*pi*f3*n);
x=[x1,x2,x3];
y=filter(hn,a,x); figure;
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(x);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('composite signal with three frequency components');
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(y);
xlabel('time');
ylabel('magnitude');
title('filtered signal through the designed BSF');