Scribd
Upload
61 views2 pages

Section 8.2, Other Indeterminate Forms: Homework: 8.2 #1-39 Odds

This document discusses various indeterminate forms that limits can take, such as 0/0, ∞/∞, 0∙∞, ∞-∞, 00, ∞0, and 1∞. L'Hopital's rule can be used to evaluate limits that are indeterminate forms, except for ∞/∞ where the derivative test is used instead. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how to rearrange functions and apply L'Hopital's rule or the derivative test to evaluate limits with indeterminate forms.

Uploaded by

graciousparul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
61 views2 pages

Section 8.2, Other Indeterminate Forms: Homework: 8.2 #1-39 Odds

This document discusses various indeterminate forms that limits can take, such as 0/0, ∞/∞, 0∙∞, ∞-∞, 00, ∞0, and 1∞. L'Hopital's rule can be used to evaluate limits that are indeterminate forms, except for ∞/∞ where the derivative test is used instead. Several examples are provided to demonstrate how to rearrange functions and apply L'Hopital's rule or the derivative test to evaluate limits with indeterminate forms.

Uploaded by

graciousparul
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Section 8.

2, Other Indeterminate Forms

Homework: 8.2 #1–39 odds

In the last section, we will find limits with the indeterminate form 0/0. In this section, we will look
at limits of the form ∞/∞, 0 · ∞, ∞ − ∞, 00 , ∞0 , and 1∞ . It turns out that L’Hôpital’s Rule works
for all of these, too! For all of these forms except ∞/∞, we will need to rearrange the function in
the limit first.
f 0 (x)
In the ∞/∞ case, if lim f (x) = lim g(x) = ∞ and if lim 0 exists in either the finite or
x→c x→c x→c g (x)
infinite sense, then
f (x) f 0 (x)
lim = lim 0 ,
x→c g(x) x→c g (x)

where c may represent any real number, c− , c+ , or ±∞.


Examples
Calculate each of the following limits:
x9
1. lim
x→∞ ex
This has the form ∞/∞. Applying L’Hôpital’s Rule, we get:
x9 9x8 9!
lim x
= lim x = · · · = lim x = 0
x→∞ e x→∞ e x→∞ e

(ln x)2
2. lim
x→∞ 2x
This also has the form ∞/∞, so
(ln x)2 2(ln x) 2 · x1
lim = lim = lim =0
x→∞ 2x x→∞ x2x ln 2 x→∞ 2x ln 2 + x2x (ln 2)2

3. lim 5x cot x
x→0
This has the form 0 · ∞. If we rearrange it, we can get a limit with either the form 0/0 or
∞/∞, then use L’Hôpital’s rule:
5x 5
lim 5x cot x = lim = lim =5
x→0 x→0 tan x x→0 sec2 x


4. lim tan x − sec x
x→π/2
This has the form ∞ − ∞. We can rewrite this as one term using sines and cosines:
 sin x − 1 cos x
lim tan x − sec x = lim = lim =0
x→π/2 x→π/2 cos x x→π/2 − sin x

1/x2
5. lim cos x
x→0
2
This has the form 1∞ . Let y = (cos x)1/x . Then, ln y = 1
x2 ln cos x (this will give us the form
∞ · 0). Taking the limit for ln y, we get:
sin x
ln cos x − cos x − sin x
lim = lim = lim
x→0 x2 x→0 2x x→0 2x cos x
− cos x 1
= lim =−
x→0 2 cos x − 2x sin x 2
Since this is the limit of ln y, not y, we need to exponentiate our answer to see that lim y =
x→0
e−1/2 .
6. lim+ xx
x→0
This has the form 00 , so we will use a similar approach to the last example. Let y = xx . Then,
ln y = x ln x, which will give us the form 0 · (−∞). The limit of ln y is:

ln x x−1
lim+ x ln x = lim+
−1
= lim+ = lim+ −x = 0,
x→0 x→0 x x→0 −x−2 x→0

so lim xx = exp lim ln y = e0 = 1.



x→0+ x→0+

Reminder: Limits with the forms 10 , 0∞ , ∞∞ , ∞ · ∞, ∞ + ∞, 0/∞ and ∞/0 are not indeterminate.
They can all be determined by methods from Calculus I.

You might also like