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Physics (Bridge Program) Introduction&Vectors

This document provides an overview of physics concepts including units, vectors, scalar and vector quantities, and vector operations. It begins with an introduction to physics as the science describing fundamental properties of matter, energy, space and time. Key concepts are then outlined, such as fundamental units, vector addition and subtraction, and dot and cross products. Examples of problems applying these concepts to calculate distances, angles, magnitudes, and direction are also provided.

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Mae Ann Arcillas
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Physics (Bridge Program) Introduction&Vectors

This document provides an overview of physics concepts including units, vectors, scalar and vector quantities, and vector operations. It begins with an introduction to physics as the science describing fundamental properties of matter, energy, space and time. Key concepts are then outlined, such as fundamental units, vector addition and subtraction, and dot and cross products. Examples of problems applying these concepts to calculate distances, angles, magnitudes, and direction are also provided.

Uploaded by

Mae Ann Arcillas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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“PHYSICS”

Engr. Junard P. Kaquilala


Lesson1: Topic Outline
 Introduction
 Units
 Vector and Scalar Quantity
 Vector
 Vector Addition & Subtraction
 Dot Product & Vector Product
What is PHYSICS??
What is Physics?

 Physics
 Physics is the branch of science that
describes matter, energy, space and time
at the most fundamental level.
 The science of dealing with properties,
changes, interaction, etc., of matter and
energy
 The science of measurements
The Ancient Greeks

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) is regarded as the


first person to attempt physics, and actually
gave physics its name.

On the nature of matter:

Matter was composed of:

Air Earth Water Fire


Every compound was a mixture of these elements
Aristotle: On the Nature of
Motion
 Natural motion - like a falling body
- Objects seek their natural place
- Heavy objects fall fast
- Light objects fall slow

 Unnatural motion - like a cart being pushed


 The moving body comes to a stand still when the
force pushing it along no longer acts
 The natural state of a body is at rest
The Renaissance

Galileo Galilei
(1564 -1642)
Modern

Isaac Newton
(1642-1727)
-Formulated the
Three laws of Motion
Units
Fundamental Units

Foot
Length [L] Meter - Accepted Unit
Furlong

Second - Accepted Unit


Time [T] Minute
Hour
Century

Kilogram - Accepted Unit


Mass [M] Slug
Conversion of Units
Conversion of Units
Prefixes of Units
Prefix: Problem
Express the following quantities using
the prefixes given:
(a) 3 x 10-4 m
(b) 5 x 10-5 s
(c) 72 x 102 g
Conversion of Units: Problem
 On a highway in a rural region of
Cebu, a car is traveling at a speed of
38.0 m/s. Is this car exceeding the
speed limit of 75.0 mi/h?
Conversion of Units: Problem
 One of the world’s largest cut
diamonds is the First Star of Africa.
Its volume is 1.84 cubic inches.
What is its volume in cubic
centimeters? In cubic meters?
Conversion of Units: Problem
A worker is to paint the walls of
square room 8.00 ft high and 12.0 ft
along each side. What surface area
in square meters must she cover?
Conversion of Units: Problem
A solid piece of lead has a mass of
23.94 g and a volume of 2.10 cm3.
From these data, calculate the
density of lead in SI units (kg/m3).
Conversion of Units: Problem
Assume that it takes 7.00 minutes to
fill a 30.0-gal gasoline tank. (a)
Calculate the rate at which the tank is
filled in gallons per second. (b)
Calculate the rate at which the tank is
filled in cubic meters per second. (c)
Determine the time interval, in hours,
required to fill a 1-m3 volume at the
same rate. (1 U.S. gal = 231 in3)
Vector and Scalar
Quantities
Vector and Scalar Quantity

 Scalar quantities are those


quantities which have only magnitudes
 Examples:
speed, mass, volume, length, etc.
Vector and Scalar Quantity

 Vector quantities are quantities


whose measurement is specified by
magnitude and direction
 Examples:
Weight, Momentum, Torque, Velocity,
Displacement, Acceleration, etc.
Vectors

 Vector is line whose length


indicates to scale the magnitude
of the vector quantity and whose
direction indicates the direction
of the quantity
Vector Operations: Addition
& Subtraction
 Addition of Two or More Vectors

A+B=R

A+B+C=R
Sample Problem: Vectors
A cross-country skier skis 1.00km
north and then 2.00 km east on a
horizontal snowfield. How far and in
what direction is she from the
starting point?
Sample Problem: Vectors
 Anarmy recruit on a training
exercise is instructed to walk due
west for 5 miles, then in a
northeaster direction for 4 miles.
When he completes his exercise,
how far will he be from where he
started ?
Sample Problem: Vectors
 A postal employee drives a delivery truck
along the route shown in the figure below.
Determine the magnitude and direction of
the resultant displacement.
Components of Vectors

 When you break a vector into


its parts, those parts are called
its components
Sample Problem:
Components
 What are the x- and y-components
of vector D? The magnitude of the
vector is 3.00m , and the angle is 45
degrees
Using Components to do
Vector Calculations
 Finding a vector’s magnitude and
direction from its components
 Multiplying a vector by a scalar
 Using components to calculate the
vector sum(resultant) of two or
more vectors
Sample Problem: Vector
Components
 Let θ be the angle that the vector A
makes with the +x-axis, measured
counterclockwise from that axis.
Find angle θ for a vector that has
these components:
(a) Ax = 2.00 m, Ay = -1.00 m
(b) Ax = 2.00 m, Ay = 1.00 m
Sample Problem: Vector
Components
 Vector A is 2.80 cm long and is
60.0° above the x-axis in the first
quadrant. Vector B is 1.90 cm long
and is 60.0° below the x-axis in the
fourth quadrant. Use components to
find the magnitude and direction of
vector A + vector B.
Unit Vectors

 A unit vector is a vector that


has a magnitude of 1, with no
units
Sample Problem: Unit Vector
Product of Vectors

 Two different kinds of product


of vectors
1. Scalar Product / Dot Product
- yields a result that is a scalar
quantity
2. Vector Product / Cross Product
- yields another vector
Using Components to
Calculate the Scalar Product
 We can calculate the scalar
product of vector A & vector B
directly if we know the x, y, & z
components if vector A and B
Sample Problem: Scalar
Product
 Find the scalar product of vector A
and B. The magnitudes of the
vectors are A = 4.00 AND b = 5.00
Sample Problem: Scalar
Product

Sample Problem: Vector
Product
 Vector A has magnitude 6 units and
is in the direction of the +x-axis.
Vector B has magnitude 4 units and
lies in the xy-plane, making an angle
of 30° with the +x-axis. Find the
vector A x vector B.
The End...

Thank You!!

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