8051 Instruction Set Summary Mnemonic Description Byte Cycle Mnemonic Description Byte Cycle

CPL A Complement accumulator 1 1 CJNE A,#data,rel Compare immediate to A and jump if not equal 3 2
Rn Register R7-R0 of the currently selected Register Bank.
RL A Rotate accumulator left 1 1 CJNE Rn,#data,rel Compare immed. to reg. and jump if not equal 3 2
Data 8-bit internal data location’s address. This could be an internal Data
RAM location (0-127) or a SFR [i.e. I/O port, control register, status RLC A Rotate accumulator left through carry 1 1 CJNE @Rn,#data,rel Compare immed. to ind. and jump if not equal 3 2
register, etc. (128-255)]. RR A Rotate accumulator right 1 1 DJNZ Rn,rel Decrement register and jump in not zero 2 2
@Ri 8-bit Internal Data RAM location (0-255) addressed indirectly through RRC A Rotate accumulator right through carry 1 1 DJNZ direct,rel Decrement direct byte and jump in not zero 3 2
register R1 or R0. SWAP A Swap nibbles within the accumulator 1 1 NOP No operation 1 1
#data 8-bit constant included in instruction.
Logic operations Data transfer
#data16 16-bit constant included in instruction.
addr16 16-bit destination address. Used by LCALL and LJMP. A branch can be ANL A,Rn AND register to accumulator 1 1 MOV A,Rn Move register to accumulator 1 1
anywhere within the 64k byte Program Memory address space. ANL A,direct AND direct byte to accumulator 2 1 MOV A,direct*) Move direct byte to accumulator 2 1
addr11 11-bit destination address. Used by ACALL and AJMP. The branch will ANL A,@Ri AND indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1 MOV A,@Ri Move indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1
be within the same 2k byte page of Program Memory as the first byte of ANL A,#data AND immediate data to accumulator 2 1 MOV A,#data Move immediate data to accumulator 2 1
the following instruction. ANL direct,A AND accumulator to direct byte 2 1 MOV Rn,A Move accumulator to register 1 1
rel Signed (two’s component) 8-bit offset byte. Used by SJMP and all
ANL direct,#data AND immediate data to direct byte 3 2 MOV Rn,direct Move direct byte to register 2 2
conditional jumps. Range is –128 to +127 bytes relative to first byte of
the following instruction. ORL A,Rn OR register to accumulator 1 1 MOV Rn,#data Move immediate data to register 2 1
bit Direct Addressed bit in Internal Data RAM or Special Function Register. ORL A,direct OR direct byte to accumulator 2 1 MOV direct,A Move accumulator to direct byte 2 1
ORL A,@Ri OR indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1 MOV direct,Rn Move register to direct byte 2 2
Instruction Flag Instruction Flag ORL A,#data OR immediate data to accumulator 2 1 MOV direct,direct Move direct byte to direct byte 3 2
C OV AC C OV AC ORL direct,A OR accumulator to direct byte 2 1 MOV direct,@Ri Move indirect RAM to direct byte 2 2
ADD X X X CLR C O ORL direct,#data OR immediate data to direct byte 3 2 MOV direct,#data Move immediate data to direct byte 3 2
ADDC X X X CPL C X
SUBB X X X ANL C,bit X XRL A,Rn Exclusive OR register to accumulator 1 1 MOV @Ri,A Move accumulator to indirect RAM 1 1
MUL O X ANL C,/bit X XRL A,direct Exclusive OR direct byte to accumulator 2 1 MOV @Ri,direct Move direct byte to indirect RAM 2 2
DIV O X ORL C,bit X XRL A,@Ri Exclusive OR indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1 MOV @Ri,#data Move immediate data to indirect RAM 2 1
DA X ORL C,/bit X
XRL A,#data Exclusive OR immediate data to accumulator 2 1 MOV DPTR,#data16 Load data pointer with a 16-bit constant 3 2
RRC X MOV C,bit X
RLC X CJNE X XRL direct,A Exclusive OR accumulator to direct byte 2 1 MOVC A,@A+DPTR Move code byte relative to DPTR to accumulator 1 2
SETB C 1 XRL direct,#data Exclusive OR immediate data to direct byte 3 2 MOVC A,@A+PC Move code byte relative to PC to accumulator 1 2
Note that operations on SFR byte address 206 or bit addresses 209-215 (i.e. the PSW or bits MOVX A,@Ri Move external RAM (8-bit addr.) to A 1 2
Boolean variable manipulation
in the PSW) will also affect flag settings.
CLR C Clear carry flag 1 1 MOVX A,@DPTR Move external RAM (16-bit addr.) to A 1 2
CLR bit Clear direct bit 2 1 MOVX @Ri,A Move A to external RAM (8-bit addr.) 1 2
Mnemonic Description Byte Cycle SETB C Set carry flag 1 1 MOVX @DPTR,A Move A to external RAM (16-bit addr.) 1 2
SETB bit Set direct bit 2 1 PUSH direct Push direct byte onto stack 2 2
Arithmetic operations
CPL C Complement carry flag 1 1 POP direct Pop direct byte from stack 2 2
ADD A,Rn Add register to accumulator 1 1
CPL bit Complement direct bit 2 1 XCH A,Rn Exchange register to accumulator 1 1
ADD A,direct Add direct byte to accumulator 2 1
ANL C,bit AND direct bit to carry flag 2 2 XCH A,direct Exchange direct byte to accumulator 2 1
ADD A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1
ANL C,/bit AND complement of direct bit to carry 2 2 XCH A,@Ri Exchange indirect RAM to accumulator 1 1
ADD A,#data Add immediate data to accumulator 2 1
ORL C,bit OR direct bit to carry flag 2 2 XCHD A,@Ri Exchange low-order nibble indir. RAM with A 1 1
ADDC A,Rn Add register to accumulator with carry flag 1 1
ORL C,/bit OR complement of direct bit to carry 2 2 *) MOV A,ACC is not a valid instruction
ADDC A,direct Add direct byte to A with carry flag 2 1
ADDC A,@Ri Add indirect RAM to A with carry flag 1 1 MOV C,bit Move direct bit to carry flag 2 1
ADDC A,#data Add immediate data to A with carry flag 2 1 MOV bit,C Move carry flag to direct bit 2 2 jne A,#data,@ cjne A,#data,@
SUBB A,Rn Subtract register to accumulator with borrow 1 1 Program and machine control (jump if A ! = data)

SUBB A,direct Subtract direct byte to A with carry borrow 2 1 ACALL addr11 Absolute subroutine call 2 2 je A, #data,@ add A,#low(−data) or cjne A,#(data),ne
(jump if A == data) jz @ jmp @
SUBB A,@Ri Subtract indirect RAM to A with carry borrow 1 1 LCALL addr16 Long subroutine call 3 2
ne: ...
SUBB A,#data Subtract immediate data to A with carry borrow 2 1 RET Return from subroutine 1 2
ja, jnbe A,#data,@ add A,#low(−data−1) or cjne A,#(data+1),ne
INC A Increment accumulator 1 1 RETI Return from interrupt 1 2 (jump if A > data) jc @ ne: jnc @
INC Rn Increment register 1 1 AJMP addr11 Absolute jump 2 2 jae, jnb A,#data,@ add A,#low(−data) or cjne A,#(data),ne
INC direct Increment direct byte 2 1 LJMP addr16 Long jump 3 2 (jump if A >= data) jc @ ne: jnc @
INC @Ri Increment indirect RAM 1 1 SJMP rel Short jump (relative address) 2 2 jb, jnae A,#data,@ add A,#low,(−data) or cjne A,#(data),ne
DEC A Decrement accumulator 1 1 JMP @A+DPTR Jump indirect relative to the DPTR 1 2 (jump if A < data) jnc @ ne: jc @
DEC Rn Decrement register 1 1 JZ rel Jump if accumulator is zero 2 2 jbe, jna A,#data,@ add A,#low(−data−1) or cjne A,#(data+1),ne
DEC direct Decrement direct byte 2 1 JNZ rel Jump if accumulator is not zero 2 2 (jump if A <= data) jnc @ ne: jc @
DEC @Ri Decrement indirect RAM 1 1 JC rel Jump if carry flag is set 2 2 switch A <,==,> #data cjne A,#data,ne
INC DPTR Increment data pointer 1 2 JNC rel Jump if carry flag is not set 2 2 (no A modification) ... ; execute code if A==data
ne: jc is_below ; jump if A<data
MUL AB Multiply A and B -> [B hi]:[A lo] 1 4 JB bit,rel Jump if bit is set 3 2 jnc is_above ; jump if A>data or exec. code
DIV AB Divide A by B -> A=result, B=remainder 1 4 JNB bit,rel Jump if bit is not set 3 2
DA A Decimal adjust accumulator 1 1 JBC bit,rel Jump if direct bit is set and clear bit 3 2
Enjoy It!
CLR A Clear accumulator 1 1 CJNE A,direct,rel Compare direct byte to A and jump if not equal 3 2 Mates
This paper was created by Štěpán Matějka alias Mates for anybody who needs it. Mates, Prague – Czech Republic 1998,2002.