Chapter 1 Part A
Chapter 1 Part A
(i)Examination: 70 %
Quizzes
Assignment
Laboratory
References
James R. Daines: Fluid Power: Hydraulics and
Pneumatics, 2nd Edition,Prentice Hall, 2013
Chris Stacey. (2009). “Engineering Application of
Pneumatics & Hydraulics” Butterworth-Heinemann.
P. Crosser and F. Ebel (2010). “Pneumatics.”7th ed.
Festo Didactic GmbH & Co.
J.P Hasebrink (2011). “Basic Pneumatics”.3rd Edition.
Bosch Rexroth AG.
R. Balla (2010)”Electropneumatics.” 1st ed.
Mannesmann Rexroth Pneumatics GmbH.
Other …
Chapter 1 ‐ Part A :
Introduction of characteristics and
applications of fluid power system
Introduction of Transmission Power
System
Three basic methods of transmitting power
1. Mechanical
Power
2. Electrical
System
3.Pneumatic
Fluid Power
4. Hydraulic
liquid is Incompressible:
(The opposite to compressible. When a “squeezing”
force is applied to an object, it does not change to a
smaller size. Liquid, for example hydraulic fluid,
possesses this physical property).
Intoduction to Pneumatic :
Definitions & Principle
Definition
Greek pneuma = breath
The term pneumatics describes the use of
compressed air in drive and control
engineering.
The introduction of pneumatics into
mechanisation and automation began in
the middle of the 20th century.
Definition & Principle
PNEUMATICS
is application of compressed air (pressurized air) to power
machine or control or regulate machines
may be defined as branch of engineering science which
deals with the study of the behavior and application of
compressed air
can also be defined as the branch of fluid power
technology that deals with generation, transmission and
control of power using pressurized air
Gas in a pneumatic system behaves like a spring since it is
compressible.
Application Areas
Areas of use
Nowadays, compressed air can be found in
almost all field of engineering, e.g.:
- Industry - Trade
- Rail transport - Air transport
- Motor vehicles - Mining
- Shipping - Medicine
- Construction - Defence
Application Areas
Application Area Example
Generation of linear motion clamping, feeding, lifting and
lowering, opening & closing,
pneumatic press, transfer table,
tool loading, industrial robot,
etc
Generation of rotary motion screw drivers, grinders, tread
cutters, drill, etc
Applications in control sequence control, monitoring,
locking, etc
Others workshop air, paint spraying,
etc
ADVANTAGES OF PNEUMATICS
•Suitable only for low pressure and hence low force applications
•Compressed air actuators are economical up to 50 kN only.
•Generation of the compressed air is expensive compared to
electricity
•Exhaust air noise is unpleasant and silence has to be used.
•Rigidity of the system is poor
•Air cannot seal the fine gaps between the moving parts unlike
hydraulic system
•Less precise. It is not possible to achieve uniform speed due to
compressibility of air
•Pneumatic systems is vulnerable to dirt and contamination
COMPARISON BETWEEN PNEUMATICS & HYDRAULICS SYSTEM
Hydraulic Pneumatic
It employs a pressurised liquid as fluid It employs a compressed gas usually air as a
fluid
Oil hydraulics system operates at pressure up to Pneumatics system usually operates at 5 to
700 bar 10 bar
Generally designed for closed system Pneumatic systems are usually designed as
open system
System get slow down of leakage occurs Leakage does not affect the system much
more
Valve operation are difficult Easy to operate the valves
Heavier in weight Light in weight
Pump are used to provide pressurised liquids Compressors are used to provide compressed
gas
System is unsafe to fire hazards System is free from fire hazards
Automatic lubrication is provided Special arrangements for lubrication needed
Pneumatics Vs Other Drive Technology
Power element
Control Element
Processing Element
Input Element
Supply Element
Choice of Working Medium and System
• If temperature variation range in the system is large, then the use of air
system may run into condensation problems and oil is preferred.
• Because air contains oxygen (about 20%) and is not sufficient alone to
provide adequate lubrication of moving parts and seals, oil is usually
introduced into the air stream near the actuator to provide this lubrication
preventing excessive wear and oxidation.