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Physics Project: Investigatory

1. The document describes an investigatory physics project on observing the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip. 2. A bi-metallic strip is made of two different metal bars, iron and brass, riveted together. When heated, the strip bends due to the metals expanding at different rates, with the brass expanding more. 3. The experiment involves clamping and heating a bi-metallic strip and recording the temperature and amount of bending as the strip is heated to higher temperatures.

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omiwankhede
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320 views12 pages

Physics Project: Investigatory

1. The document describes an investigatory physics project on observing the effect of heating on a bi-metallic strip. 2. A bi-metallic strip is made of two different metal bars, iron and brass, riveted together. When heated, the strip bends due to the metals expanding at different rates, with the brass expanding more. 3. The experiment involves clamping and heating a bi-metallic strip and recording the temperature and amount of bending as the strip is heated to higher temperatures.

Uploaded by

omiwankhede
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

NAME: OMI WANKHEDE


CLASS: XI A
ROLL NO: 26
AIM:
TO OBSERVE AND
EXPLAIN THE
EFFECT OF
HEATING ON A BI-
METALLIC STRIP.
APPARATUS:
 A bi-metallic strip made up of iron and brass bars
 A board with clamp screw on one side and vertical scale on the
other side
 Electric heating arrangement or a burner
 Thermometer

DESCRIPTION OF A BIMETALLIC
STRIP
A bi-metallic strip is a strip made up of two bars of different metals but
same dimensions, put together lengthwise and riveted at their ends.
The strip is straight at room temperature
When the bi-metallic strip is heated both bars expand differently. Since
they are riveted at their ends, their ends stay together. The bi-metallic
strip bend keeping more expanding bar on its convex side. More the
heating, more the bending.
In case of an iron brass bi-metallic strip, the bent strip will have brass
bar on its convex side.
THEORY:

 If L1 be the length of a rod at temperature T1 °C and L2 be


the length at T2 °C ,then L2 = L1 [1+ α(T1 + T2 )]
Where α is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material
of the rod (bar).
 If two rods of different metals have same length L1 at
temperature t1°C, their length at higher temperature t2 °C
will be different.
 The rod of a metal having more value of coefficient of
linear expansion will have more length than the other rod.
PROCEDURE:

1. Clamp one end of the brass-iron bi-metallic strip, keeping brass


bar on the lower side.
2. Keep the strip horizontal rested on a vertical support.
3. Fix a vertical scale near the free end of the bi-metallic strip.
4. Suspend a thermometer with its bulb touching the strip in the
middle.
5. Note the initial temperature of the strip.
6. Note the vertical scale division coinciding with the upper edge of
the strip.
7. Heat the strip by passing electric current through it or by using a
burner. The thermometer will show a rise of temperature.
8. Watch the movement of the free end of the strip. The strip bends
upwards (towards iron bar side) and position of upper edge of the
strip changes.
9. Note the temperature after each rise of temperature by 2°C and
also the position of the upper edge at that temperature.
10. Record your observations.
OBSERVATIONS:
 Room temperature = 30°C (say)
 Least count of vertical scale = 1 mm.
Table for temperature and vertical scale reading

No. of Temperature Position of Amount of


observations of bi-metallic upper edge bending
strip T(°C) of metallic upward
strip (mm) (mm)
CALCULATIONS:
1. Find the amount of bending by taking difference of position with
initial position.
2. It is found that amount of bending increases as temperature rises.
RESULT:
1. Bi-metallic strip bends more and more as its temperature rises.
2. Since brass bar is on convex side and iron bar on concave side of
bent bi-metallic strip, brass bar expands more than the iron bar.
Hence brass has larger linear expansion.
PRECAUTIONS:
1. The two bars should be firmly riveted near their ends.
2. Brass bar should be kept on the lower side.
3. One end of the bi-metallic strip should be screw clamped.
4. Heating of whole bi-metallic strip should be uniform.
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. The rivets may be loose.
2. Heating of strip may not be uniform.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 COMPREHENSIVE PHYSICS
PRACTICAL –XI
 www.learncbse.com
(For diagram image)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Sanjana ma’am for giving
me this opportunity to do this project on
observation of effect of heat on bi-metallic strip
and for helping me in performing research on
this topic. I am really thankful to them.

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