BEARINGS

Topic: - Types of Bearing, Selection of bearing and its arrangement in bike.

Name: - Tanmay Deshpande.

Enrollment No: - 1701270174
Subject: - Element of Machine Design
Roll No: - 28
Collage: - Shri Datta Meghe Polytechnic

INDEX
Sr.No. Topic Cover Pg.No.
1 Introduction 1
2 Typical Bearing used in Bike 2-5
A} Deep Groove Ball Bearings
B} Tapered Roller Bearings
C} Needle Roller Bearings
D} Thrust Bearings
3 Selection of Bearing 6-8
4 Arrangement of Bearing 9
 Type of bearing used in bike
1} Introduction
Motorcycles are one of the most popular modes of transport today, especially in
dusty and traffic-filled streets. With so many moving parts, it should come as no
surprise that the average motorcycle has between 20 to 30 bearings of a number of
varieties. Your average motorcycle would not enjoy smooth handling or
transmission without them.

2} Typical Bearing Used in Bike.

A} Deep Groove Ball Bearings
B} Tapered Roller Bearings
C} Needle Roller Bearings
D} Thrust Bearings
 A} Deep Groove Ball Bearing
The deep groove ball bearing is the most common bearing found in a
motorcycle. These bearings can be found in the wheels of the
motorcycle, as well as the camshafts and transmission cases. The
manufacturing of ball bearings is stringent because of the immense
pressures they must withstand. This type of ball bearing must tolerate
high speeds and radial loads, whilst also having low torque capacity.
Deep groove ball bearings are particularly versatile. They are suitable for
high and very high speeds, accommodate radial and axial loads in both
directions and require little maintenance. Because deep groove ball
bearings are the most widely used bearing type, they are available from
SKF in many designs, variants and sizes.

…
 B} Tapered roller bearings
Similar to deep groove ball bearings, tapered roller bearings have inner
and outer ring raceways. However, these raceways are tapered and
contain tapered rollers. This allows these bearings to withstand
combined loads ‒ including simultaneous radial and axial loads. In
motorcycles, tapered roller bearings are present in the steering head ‒
allowing for smooth handling.
Tapered roller bearings for your toughest challenges
In today’s industrial world, you need solutions that are able to handle
the toughest challenges and ready to meet even greater demands.
Solutions that work harder, work longer and work safer. Solutions robust
enough to cope with challenging conditions and testing environments.
Solutions that deliver longer and more consistent periods of uptime to
ensure greater productivity and efficiency.
 C} Needle Roller Bearings
Needle roller bearings are a type of roller bearing which uses small
cylindrical rollers. Found in the crankshaft, chain drive systems and the
chassis (among others) of motorcycles, needle roller bearings allow easy
movement with minimal noise. Needle roller bearings are especially
useful considering the compact design of motorcycles, as radial space is
limited. A needle roller bearing is a special type of roller bearing which
uses long, thin cylindrical rollers resembling needles. Ordinary roller
bearings' rollers are only slightly longer than their diameter, but needle
bearings typically have rollers that are at least four times longer than
their diameter. Like all bearings, they are used to reduce the friction of a
rotating surface. Compared to ball bearings and ordinary roller bearings,
needle bearings have a greater surface area in contact with the races, so
they can support a greater load. They are also thinner, so they require
less clearance between the axle and the surrounding structure.
 D} Thrust bearing
A thrust bearing is a particular type of rotary bearing. Like other bearings
they permit rotation between parts, but they are designed to support a
predominantly axial load. Thrust ball bearings, composed of bearing balls
supported in a ring, can be used in low thrust applications where there
is little axial load. Cylindrical thrust roller bearings consist of small
cylindrical rollers arranged flat with their axes pointing to the axis of the
bearing. They give very good carrying capacity and are cheap, but tend
to wear due to the differences in radial speed and friction which is higher
than with ball bearings. Tapered roller thrust bearings consist of small
tapered rollers arranged so that their axes all converge at a point on the
axis of the bearing. The length of the roller and the diameter of the wide
and the narrow ends and the angle of rollers need to be carefully
calculated to provide the correct taper so that each end of the roller rolls
smoothly on the bearing face without skidding. These are the type most
commonly used in automotive applications where they are used in pairs
to accommodate axial thrust in either direction.
 3} Bearing Selection Process

(1) Dimensional limitations

The allowable space for bearings is generally limited. In most cases, shaft diameter (or the
bearing bore diameter has been determined according to the machine’s other design
specifications. Therefore, bearing’s type and dimensions are determined according to bearing
bore diameters. For this reason, all dimension tables are organized according to standard bore
diameters. There is a wide range of standardized bearing types and dimensions: the right one
for a particular application can usually be found in these tables.
(2) Bearing load
The characteristics, magnitude, and direction of loads acting upon a bearing are extremely
variable. In general, the basic load ratings shown in bearing dimension tables indicate their load
capacity. However, in determining the appropriate bearing type,
consideration must also be given to whether the acting load is a radial load only or combined
radial and axial load, etc. When ball and roller bearings within the same dimension series are
considered, the roller bearings have a larger load capacity and are also capable of withstanding
greater vibration and shock loads.
(3) Rotational speed
The allowable speed of a bearing will differ depending upon bearing type, size, tolerances, cage
type, load, lubricating conditions, and cooling conditions. The allowable speeds listed in the
bearing tables for grease and oil lubrication are for normal tolerance bearings. In general, deep
groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings are most
suitable for high speed applications.
(4) Bearing tolerances
The dimensional accuracy and operating tolerances of bearings are regulated by ISO and JIS
standards. For equipment requiring high tolerance shaft runout or high-speed operation,
bearings with Class 5 tolerance or higher are recommended. Deep groove ball bearings, angular
contact ball bearings, and cylindrical roller bearings are recommended for high rotational
tolerances.
(5) Rigidity
Elastic deformation occurs along the contact surfaces of a bearing’s rolling elements and
raceway surfaces under loading. With certain types of equipment, it is necessary to reduce this
deformation as much as A comparison of the performance characteristics for each bearing type
as a general guideline, the basic procedure for selecting the most appropriate bearing is shown
in the following flow chart.

(6) Misalignment of inner and outer rings

Shaft flexure, variations in shaft or housing accuracy, and fitting errors. result in a certain degree
of misalignment between the bearing’s inner and outerings. In cases where the degree of
misalignment is relatively large, self-aligning ball bearings, spherical roller bearings, or bearing
units with self-aligning properties are the most appropriate choices.

(7) Noise and torque levels

Rolling bearings are manufactured and processed according to high precision standards, and
therefore generally, produce only slight amounts of noise and torque. For applications requiring
particularly low-noise or low-torque operation, deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller
bearings are most appropriate.

(8) Installation and disassembly

Some applications require frequent disassembly and reassembly to enable periodic inspections
and repairs. For such applications, bearings with separable inner/outer rings, such as cylindrical
roller bearings, needle roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings are most appropriate.
Incorporation of adapter sleeves simplifies the installation and disassembly of self-aligning ball
bearings and spherical roller bearings with tapered bores.
 4] Selection of bearing arrangement
Shafts or axles are generally supported by a pair of bearings in the axial and radial
directions. The bearing which prevents axial movement of the shaft relative to the
housing is called the "fixed side bearing" and the bearing which allows axial
movement relatively is called the "floating-side bearing". This allows for expansion
and contraction of the shaft due to temperature variation and enables error in
bearing mounting clearance to be absorbed.
The fixed side bearing is able to support radial and axial loads. A bearing which can
fix axial movement in both directions should therefore be selected. A floating side
bearing that allows movement in the axial direction while supporting a radial load
is desirable. Movement in the axial direction occurs on the raceway surface for
bearings with separable inner and outer rings such as for those which are not
separable, such as deep groove ball bearings.

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