Instrumentation

Question Right answers

1. Can not produce enough energy to ignite a
gas (explode)?
What is meant by being intrinsically safe?

1. In % of full scale

How do you express the accuracy of an instrument

1. The control system is depending on the best

possible process signal
Why is it important that a transmitter has been
correctly installed at the correct place

1. Relatively wide range of temperature

measurement
Thermo-elements will typically have

1. Remote level controller with indicator

Which component does this graphical symbol illustrate?

1. Intrinsically safe.
Some equipment may be marked with the following symbol: What
does that mean?
 1. Relatively non linear characteristic

Thermistor will typically have

When the cable length from the temperature sensor 1. No

to the place where we want to read the temperature
exceeds approx. 10 meters we normally have to, in
case of a Pt 100, in some way compensate for the
cable resistance. Do we also have to do this if we
choose to use a T802 temperature sensor?
1. 100 ohm at 0

Temperature sensors may be marked Pt 100. What

does it mean?

1. Pressure-reducing regulator.

Which component does this graphical symbol

illustrate?

1. 4-20mA/3-15 PSI
What is the most common signal from an I/P
converter?

1. 500 cm
Liquid level in tanks is often measured by
measuring the hydrostatic head or differential
pressure. One method is the air bubble type
which is illustrated here. Calculate the level in the
tank, utilizing the figures given on the drawing.

1. Hysteresis
The pressure inlet to a pressure gauge is varied from
zero to full scale and back to zero again. The output
(indicating pressure) versus true pressure is shown in
the diagr.The non - coincidence of loading and
unloading curve is due to internal friction in the
instrument. What do we call this phenomenon?
 1. Sensitivity

The diagram is a calibration diagram for a pressure

gauge. What do you call the slope of the calibration
curve?

1. The thermostat has one or more contacts

(open or closed) depending on the
What is the difference between a THERMOSTAT and a temperature/setting. The temperature
TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER, if any? transmitter converts a temperature signal to
an electric signal.

1. Figure 3.

Due to the relative low resistance of a Pt

100 sensor we might have to compensate
for the cable-resistance to ensure a
correct reading. Which of the 4
alternatives given is correct for the
connection of this compensation
resistance.

1. 12 mA

The range of a transducer is 0-200 bar. The

standard output signal is 4-20 mA. What is the
output signal when the process value is 100 bar.

1. Check linearity

When you are calibrating an instrument what is the

most common second step in the procedure (consult
the manual)

1. In a pressure transmitter.

In what kind of measuring equipment can

we find a Bourdon-tube?
 1. 4 mA.
In a fresh water tank we are using a pressure
transmitter with a range of 0-0.5 bar/4-20mA for level
measurement.The transmitter is for different reasons
installed 30 centimeters from the bottom of the
tank,and the tank is 5 meters high. What will the output
from the transmitter be when the tank is empty?
1. mV.
What is the signal we measure from a NiCr/Ni
thermocouple?
In connection with exhausts gas measurement with a 1. The signal out from a thermocouple is
thermocouple we are normally using an amplifier which mV,and can not be transferred over any
gives a mA-signal out. Why is this done? longer distance without loss of voltage,
giving a very bad accuracy.
1. 802 ohm at 20

Temperature sensors may be marked T 802. What

does it mean?

1. Zero-point is accurate, but 100% input is not

giving 100% output
What is a typical problem when it is something wrong
with the span of an instrument

1. Better linearity and increased accuracy

What is the advantage of a transmitter with a narrow

measurement range

1. The difference between maximum and

minimum measurement that gives a
What is the meaning of the term standard output signal

1. Comparing input and output values against

a documented standard
What is the meaning of instrument calibration
 1. Ionization type

Which of the following detectors will you choose

for detecting smoke from fire?

In installations of INTRINSICALLY SAFE equipment it is1. Blue

required that all equipment should be separated from
non-intrinsically safe equipment, and to be of a special
colour. What colour is that?

1. The pressure switch has contact(s) that will

change between open and closed
What is the difference between a PRESSURE SWITCH position.The pressure transmitter converts a
and a PRESSURE TRANSMITTER, if any? pressure signal into an electric signal.

1. Transducer

Which of the following instruments is normally part of a

control-loop

1. Adjustment of Zero-point and span

When you are calibrating an instrument what is the most

common first step in the procedure (consult the manual)

1. Bourdon Tube manometer

You have to choose one of the following instruments for

measuring pressure in an air bottle in measuring range 0 -
35 BAR. Which instrument will you install?

1. Thermocouple sensor

Which type of temperature sensor is used in this

temperature measuring system?
 1. A transducer that converts a known electric
current to a pressure proportional to the
What is an I/P Transducer? current.

1. A junction between two dissimilar metals

Thermocouples are often used for measuring generates a small voltage.
temperatures. Which of the following descriptions are
valid for a thermocouple?

1. Strain gauge

Which of the listed sensors can `not` be utilized for detecting

temperatures?

1. +/- 0.06 bar

The manometer shown on the picture has an accuracy class

1.0. What is the measuring accuracy if the pointer indicates
6.0 bar?

1. H = - 0.178
This is a simplified block diagram of a dc generator and
its voltage regulator. Find the value of the feedback
constant H if the reference VR is a 45-Volt battery and
the terminal voltage Vt is to be 250 Volt.

1. Pressure

Which of the listed physical parameters can be measured by

means of a manometer?

When calibrating an pressure transducer we have to adjust 1. First Zero adjustment and the Span
both SPAN and ZERO. Please indicate in which order these adjustment. Then Zero should be
adjustments should be done. rechecked.
1. Gauge pressure

Two reference points for pressure exist, absolute zero and

atmospheric pressure. What do you call pressures
measured relative to atmospheric pressure?
 1. Absolute pressure

Two reference points for pressure exist, absolute zero and

atmospheric pressure. What do you call pressures measured
relative to absolute zero?

1. Low differential pressures

U-tube manometers are often used to measure differential pressure. Which of

the listed pressures is U-tube manometers mostly used for?

1. A converter that converts an analogue

signal to a digital signal and vice versa.
What is an A/D and a D/A converter?

1. Pressure indicator, installed on

panel/console
Which component does this graphical symbol illustrate?

1. Pressure to electric current converter.

Which component does this graphical symbol illustrate?

1. Formula 4
Liquid flow through pipe lines is often measured by
means of differential pressure across a restriction
(orifice) in the pipe as illustrated by this figure.
Which of the listed formulas will you utilize for
calculating the volumetric flow F?

1. Electric Contact manometer

Which type instrument is shown on this picture?

1. Proportional + integral (PI)

This circuit symbol is an amplifier system and its frequency

response diagram. Which control function is the system
performing?

1. Orifice plate

When we are measuring flow of fluids with a fixed area

flow meter, the name of the sensing device is:
 1. Closed loop feed back system

This block diagram illustrates an elementary control

system. What do we call such system in general?

1. 16 mA

The range of a transducer is 0-200 bar. The output signal is

4-20 mA. What is the span of the output signal.

1. Strain gauge
Which of the following detectors will you choose for detecting torque of a
steel shaft?

1. Proximity switch

Which of the following detectors will you use for detecting

if a watertight steel door is closed or open?

1. Figure 1
Temperatures are often measured by means of platinum
resistance sensors. These curves are all calibration
curves. Which of the curves is calibration curve for a Pt
100 sensor?

1. Reduce mechanical wear on the internal

The picture shows a liquid filled thermometer. Liquid filled parts caused by vibration
thermometers and manometers are often installed onboard ships.
What is the main purpose by the liquid filling of such pointer
instruments?

1. Figure 1
These circuit diagrams illustrate four different methods
of wiring between a Pt 100 temperature sensor and its
signal processing electronics. Which of the wiring
methods gives the best measuring accuracy?

1. Resistance sensors

Which type temperature sensors are shown on this

picture?
 1. Resistance sensor, Pt100

Which of the following temperature sensors does normally give

the highest measuring accuracy?

1. Allow removal of the sensor also when liquid

is flowing in the pipe.
Temperature sensors of all types are normally mounted in a well,
or pocket, when used in pipelines. Why?

In a fresh water tank we are using a pressure transmitter with a range of 0-0.5 bar / 4-1. 18,8 mA.
20mA for level measurement. The transmitter is for different reasons installed 30
centimeters from the bottom of the tank, and the tank is 5 meters high. What will the
output from the transmitter be when the tank is full? (Pending no calibration is made)
In a fresh water tank with a height of 5 meters we shall use a pressure transmitter for 1. 1,3 Bar.
level measurement. The tank has a vent-pipe leading to deck 8 meters above the top
of the tank. What pressure shall we use as a guidance when ordering the pressure
transducer?
What is the definition of DEAD BAND? 1. The change needed in the input signal to
produce a change in the output signal.
This is an electronic temperature controller. You have been asked to adjust the 1. Pos. 8
controllers integrating action. Which button on the front of the controller shall be
utilized for this adjustment?
When we are measuring viscosity with a restricted flow viscometer, the name of the 1. Capillary tube
sensing device is:
1. FIC
Which of the following letter combinations represents a flow
indicating controller on a process and instrumentation diagramv

1. TC
Which of the following letter combinations represents a temperature
controller on a process and instrumentation diagram

What is the purpose of the Oil Mist Detector? 1. To detect oil mist (explosive atmosphere in
the crankcase).
Which component does this graphical symbol illustrate? 1. Resistance temperature sensor
1. The difference between possible maximum
and minimum measurement
What is the meaning of the term
 1. Pressure diaphragm

When we are measuring level of liquids with a

differential pressure meter, the name of the sensing
device is:

1. Temp sensitive semi-conductor

When we are measuring temperature with a thermistor,

the name of the sensing device is:

1. Electrodes

When we are measuring salinity with a salinometer, the

sensing device is:

1. All alarms are reengaged prior to switching

One or a certain number of smoke sensors are switched to UMS-mode
off during routine maintenance work to prevent false
alarm. During coffee break the following precautions are
taken:

1. R(Pt100) = R1 - R2
In the diagram below we want to verify the resistance of the
PT100 sensor. What is the correct calculation?

1. LIC
Which of the following letter combinations represents a level
indicating controller on a process and instrumentation diagramv

1. Electrodes

When we are measuring level of liquids with a conductivity

level indicator, the name of the sensing device is:

1. Pressure

Which of the following measurements will include a D/P

transmitter in the control-loop
 1. Voltmeter and synchroscope
The pair of instruments necessary for generator
synchronising are: