MEPCO SCHLENK ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING

Sivabrindha.s Sathya.s Nilamathi.r
Mail id- [email protected] [email protected]
[email protected]

DC MOTOR CONTROL USING PLC

Abstract
This paper presents a simplified technique for speed
control of a one by one excited DC motor the usage of
Programmable common sense Controller (%). This
technique is based on providing a variable dc voltage to
armature circuit of dc motor from a set dc supply
voltage through p.c. Pang-Pang manage method is used
for switching ON or OFF electricity to dc motor
(armature circuit) relying at the reference (command)
velocity. With this controlling approach, it is
straightforward, speedy and powerful to vary the motor
speed from 0 to 100% of rated speed. The proposed
machine is appropriate for distinctive industrial
packages consisting of subway motors, trolley buses, or
battery-operated automobiles.

Keywords: PLC, DC Motor, Pang-Pang Control

Method,Relay.
INTRODUCTION:
Due to the fast performance of DC motors, those
automobiles are regulated in a wide range of speeds and
can be used in many applications. The principle
advantage of using DC vehicles in modern world is the
potential to effortlessly manipulate the rate and angle of
the motor. There are unique varieties of dc cars like dc
series motor, dc shunt motor, dc compound motor and
differential motor. The strategies of pace control of DC
vehicles are typically less difficult and much less
highly-priced than that of ac drives. Because of the
commentators, dc vehicles are not appropriate for very
high speed packages and require greater preservation
than ac motors. Controlled rectifiers provide a variable
dc output voltage from a set ac voltage, while choppers
can offer a variable dc voltage from a hard and fast dc
voltage. Because of their capability to supply a
continuously variable dc voltage, managed rectifiers
and dc choppers made a revolution in contemporary
business manipulate system and variable-speed drives.
Many industrial drives and strategies take electricity
from dc voltage
sources. In maximum cases, conversion of the dc supply
voltage to distinct tiers is required. As an example,
subway automobiles, trolley buses, or batteryoperated
vehicles take energy from a fixed dc source. However,
their pace control requires conversion of a hard and fast
voltage dc source to a variable voltage dc supply for the
armature of the dc motor.

In a PMDC motor, permanent magnets that are

positioned in stator offer magnetic discipline, rather
than stator winding. The stator is commonly made from
metal in cylindrical form. Everlasting magnets are
commonly crafted from rare earth substances. PMDC
motor is appreciably used in which small DC vehicles
are required and additionally very effectively manage is
not required, including in automobiles starter, toys,
wipers washers, hot blowers, air conditioners, computer
disc drives and they are also used in a portable electric
tool such as drilling machines, hedge trimmers.

Components required:
Supply Model, Rectifier, Resistors, Relay Model and
DC Motor, plc
Block diagram:

Supply Relay
rectifier plc
model model

Dc resistor
motor
Supply Model : Supply model which consists of step
down transformer which step downs the voltage
level from 230V to 12V AC supply. The transformer
which consists of 1260 primary and 72 secondary turns.

Rectifier Bridge: Rectifier is used, which is a full wave

rectifier used to convert full wave AC to DC. This
Rectifier circuit is followed by Capacitor, so that
unwanted Harmonics can be removed from the DC
output.

PLC: PLC is a programmable logic controller .which is

also referred to as a commercial virtual pc which is
tailored for the manipulate of manufacturing
techniques, along with meeting traces or robot gadgets
or any hobby that calls for high-reliability control and
ease of programming and procedure fault diagnosis.
They were extensively followed as excessive reliability
automation controllers suitable for harsh surroundings.
p.c is an instance for hard actual time device in view
that output consequences need to be produced in
reaction to enter situations with a limited time, in any
other case unintended operation will result.
Relay Model : Relay model consists of 6 relays. The
Sugar Cube relays are of 19.6x15.6x15.6mm size offers
a switching capacity of 10A at 24 V dc on normally
open contacts, with a typical electrical life of
100,000operations at rated loads. Power consumption of
360mW for 12 and 24 V dc coils. Operating
temperature of 4085oC.

Resistors :The set of Resistors are next to the Rectifier

that are 4 in numbers, each of 10Ω, which are used to
get different levels of voltage value for different range
of speed.

DC Motor: DC or direct present day motor works at the

principle when a modern-day carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field; it reviews a torque and has
an inclination to transport. The speed manipulates for
this sort of motors are completed by way of thinking
about some elements. pace manage is both done
manually by using the operator or by way of a few
computerized control tool. one of the crucial
capabilities of DC motor is that its velocity can be
controlled with relative ease. We know that the emf
equation of DC motor is given as, N = 60A E / PZØ N
= E / kØ where, k = PZ/60A N =( V - Ia Ra )/ kØ
Therefore speed (N) of 3 types of DC motor SERIES,
SHUNT and COMPOUND can be controlled by
changing the quantities on RHS of the expression. So
speed can be varied by changing 1. Terminal voltage of
the armature V. 2. External resistance in armature
circuit Ra. 3. Flux per pole φ.
RESULTS :
From the proposed system the speed and direction of
PMDC Motor can be controlled with respect to time
using PLC Programming. The PLC programming is
done in such a way that the addressed relay should be
actuated according to the need, where the operation
time of selected relay is handled by PLC programming.
The time duration is nothing but, the particular speed at
which the motor has to run for specified time duration,
which is managed by PLC.

After programming the program is dumped to the PLC

model through serial port, when it is made to run, the
motor starts rotating as per the PLC programming
instruction, the motor can be made to run in either
direction that is clockwise or anticlockwise direction.
The Relay block consists of 6 sugar cube relays, the
first two relays are used to control the direction of
rotation of motor, the other four relays to control the
speed of the DC motor. The relays are shorted in such a
manner that the required operation should control both
the speed and direction of the motor. Then that relay
block is connected to the resistors. The 4 set of
Resistors available will be used to get different voltage
levels.
CONCLUSION :
/ A novel control method is employed to control the
speed of DC motor via Programmable logic controller
(PLC). In some applications we need a type of speed
control, where a motor has to run at particular speed for
particular time, and should change its speed thereafter.
In such applications this proposed system is very
needful, also it is simple, effective and found accurate.
PLC handles the delay actuations together with relays,
which in turn boost the level of accuracy, also provides
flexibility such that, as and when the requirement
changes that could be changed via programming. The
AC31GRAF software is used to build the program,
programming language used is quick Ladder Diagram,
which is simpler compared to other programming
languages. Thus use of PLC instead of classical
controlled switches like Thyristors, MOSFETs and
IGBTs which raises a problem like, variation of dv
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