Chapter 1: CONCEPTS ABOUT EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY

EXPLORE
Activity 1: The Teacher as a Promising Technology
This activity will show teachers as a technology itself.
As a technology, what do teachers use to facilitate learning? Classify them as visual,
verbal, sound, and manipulative.
Visual Verbal Sound Manipulative

Introducing a *Start with a *Start with a *Playing a *Energizer

new lesson video question music recording *Start with a
presentation *Debate *Audio-visual creative activity
*Start with materials like
objects, pictures, radio, tape
show cards, recorder, etc..
charts, bulletin
board and chalk
handouts
workbooks.
Teaching a new *Provide a *Face-to-face *Use * Teach actively
lesson module discussion microphones and make sure to
while teaching catch the
attention of your
learner

Enhancing *Provide more *Report *Present a *Use more

discussions in a creative creatively musical activity instructional
new lesson instructional through through video material that can
materials PowerPoint capture their
presentation attention

Monitoring the *provide a *Oral *Give them a *Assess their

students work written activity Participation performance talent and skills
task which will
be performed
through in a
musical way
 Activity 2: Express It!
This activity will allow students to express their thoughts regarding the teacher as a
technology.
Write a paragraph to illustrate the teacher as a highly promising technology.
Answer :
Teacher is one of the very important technology asset. The teacher facilitates learning
through the use of varied instructional materials like the books, the blackboard, magazines,
newspaper, library materials and visual aids. Furthermore the teacher creates situations through
the use of a repertoire of teaching methods and strategies to facilitate learning. A number of
theories of learning are applied by the teacher as well as repeated practices, monitoring, and
evaluation of instruction to make sure that students will learn. All the teacher’s effort and creativity
in teaching are considered technology.
The teacher uses visual technology, verbal technology, sound technology, and
manipulative technology. These technologies cater to the use of the senses to enhance perception
and grasp of knowledge among students. The teacher uses gadgets and tools to make learning fast,
efficient and effective.
APPLY
Activity 1: Fill with Gadgets
This activity will list the gadgets and tools used to facilitate tasks or work in the school.
You have learned that technology can be gadgets or tools to facilitate certain tasks or
work. Using this knowledge, fill in the following chart with tools or gadgets used in the
following:
In the classroom In the library In the school canteen
1. Mobile devices like 1. Digital Maker Labs 1. Rice cooker
smartphones and tablets. 2. Coding Clubs 2. Refrigerator/cooler
2. Holograms (projectors) 3. Mobile Apps/Devices 3. Heater
3. Biometric Devices 4. Open libraries 4. Electric water dispenser
4. E-books and E-readers 5. Library bookmark 5. Frying pan
5. 3D Printers apps 6. Stove
6. Interactive and electronic 6. Portable energy 7. Electric fan/wall fan
whiteboard meters 8. Calculator
7. Class blogs and wikis 7. Single sign-on 9. Microwave
8. Podcasting technology
9. Desktops, laptops & computer 8. Computer
10. Calculator
 Activity 2: Do Your Research
This activity will give the researchers firsthand answers as to the technologies used by
some students.
Get a partner and interview two of your classmates. Ask and find out from them the
different technologies they used in studying and learning lessons/topics. Write your findings
below.
Classmate 1
Technology Used:
COMPUTER with internet/ wifi connection
We all know that we can easily search whatever we want through the used of computer, so in
studying and learning some lessons/topics, I usually used computer because in just one click
the information/vocabulary that I want to learn will eventually appear.

Classmate 2
Technology Used:
Mobile devices such as cellphone and tablets
Just like computer cellphone can also be used in searching some vocabulary or words that is
unfamiliar or should I say cellphone is very useful to expand and enhance our knowledge of
something. Unlike computer or PC, cellphone is very easy to bring since it is not that big as
computer or PC.
ASSESS
EDTECH Concepts
This activity will evaluate if the concepts of Educational Technology are well understood
by the students.
Based on your own understanding, give two statements to describe the following
concepts related to educational Technology.
1. Educational Technology as the selection, development, management and use of
appropriate technological processes and resources.
Educational Technology is very important in developing one’s learning ability. The teacher and the learner
should be able to select technologies which can help learners attain the intended outcomes of instruction.
2. Educational Technology as the choice of appropriate principles in the preparation and
utilization of conventional and non-conventional technology tools as well as traditional
and alternative teaching strategies.
Educational Technology is a field of study that investigates the process of analyzing, designing, developing,
implementing and evaluating the instructional environment and learning materials in order to improve teaching and
learning. It is important to keep in mind that the purpose of educational technology is to improve education. We
must define the goals and needs of education first and then we use all our knowledge, including technology, to
design the most effective learning environment for students.
EXPLORE
Activity 1: Chart those Technologies
This activity will describe the various technologies used in the different ages.
Describe the various technologies in the history of technology by exemplifying
them by age.

*canoe-ship *Agricultural
technology
technology
*hand-made weapon
*Fishing
*utensils using stones techniques
*resorting iron
*fire *Metal technology
smelting
using copper and
*Clothing clothes technology
bronze
from animal skin/fur

*boats, bows and *domesticating

arrows animals and
establishing
*the wheel permanent homes

Technology During the Stone Technology During the Technology During the
Age Bronze Age Iron Age
Activity 2:
This activity will show the major contributions of some key persons in the field of
Educational Technology.
Through an illustration, show the contributions of the following key persons to
educational technology.
Maria Montessori
-an internationally renowned child educator who introduced the
Montessori Method, which developed graded design activities to
provide for the proper sequencing of subject matter for each
individual learner.

Charles Babbage
-he is considered as the “father of computer” and is given credit
for devising the first ever mechanical computer. His design served
as the blue print for other, more complex machine.
-In 1943, the first computer machine was designed by Babbage.

Benjamin Bloom
-introduced the taxonomy of educational objectives through his
publication, “The Taxonomy of Educational Goals, Handbook I:
Cognitive Domain.

Dwight Allen
-In 1961, Micro teaching technique was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen
and his co-workers at Stanford University at USA.
- Dwight is known as a leading proponent of reformed educational
systems for the future, and has written literally scores of influential papers
and magazine articles on all aspects of the topic.

APPLY
Something to Think About
This activity will help students gather information on the contributions of Educational
Technology.
What do you think are the contributions of Educational Technology to teaching and
learning?
 Educational Technology has absolutely revolutionized the entire education system. Until
recently, the teachers used to be the sole interpreter of knowledge to the learners and the
textbooks the sole resource. Educational technology has affected the conventional roles and it
has opened up the new areas of teacher functions such as management of resources and
management of learning. Today, teachers have a range of media to assist and supplement the
instructional work.
Teachers can even specify the learning intentions, select the topic, identify the stimulus
situation, determine media, manage teaching and finally conduct evaluation and modify the
instructions in the light of evaluation results.
Educational process can’t proceed systematically without the help of educational
technology. Every aspect of educational system is fully enlightened with educational technology.
1. Educational technology has provided a scientific base to the educational theory and practice. It
has transformed a passive classroom to an active and interactive classroom, with audio-visuals,
charts and models, smart classrooms and e-learning room which has drastically motivated and
increased the attention level of the students.
2. The introduction of educational technology has modernized the teaching-learning climate of
the educational institutions. The learners to be exposed to professionally designed programmes
on video or computers.
3. Educational technology has helped and supplemented the teachers in their instructional
programmes through the structured lessons for remedial, enrichment or drill purposes. The
learners get training for self-instruction and teachers are relieved of the burden of routine
repetition for exercise and revision purposes.
4. Through a systematic organization of content and instructional materials, educational
technology has provided well-integrated structured materials for teachers thus saving a lot of
their time which in turn may be utilized for creative work and quality improvement.
5. The training and use of educational technology contributes towards the professional growth of
teachers. It equips them in the use of scientific methods for solving educational and
administrative problems. It adds to the teaching competence of teachers and inculcates a
scientific outlook and scientific temper in teachers and students.
6. Educational technology has improved the teaching-learning process and made it more
effective and process oriented. Television, Radio, V.C.R, Computers and LCD projectors etc.
have enriched and facilitated effective transmission of knowledge.
7. Educational technology has not only maintained the standards of education but also improved
the ways of teaching by giving it Teaching Aids and Programmed Instructional Material.
8. Mechanism of feedback devices for modification of teaching-learning behaviour have
produced effective teachers in the teacher-training institutes.
9. Students who appear for higher or competitive examinations have been benefitted by
educational programmes on T.V, Radio and Internet.
10. Educational technology has opened up new fields of educational researches in the field of
examination process, evaluation and classroom-teaching.
11. Educational technology has provided practices and strategies that help teachers to teach
according to individual differences of learners.
12. Educational technology has provided scientific foundation to education through the theories
of learning and intelligence.
Thus educational technology is required in each and every aspect of teaching learning
process. Educational technology serves all the purposes for modern education. Education today
can’t go far without the help of educational technology. The innovations of technology in the
field of education have done wonders to educational process. It has not only maintained the
structure but also improved the nature of the educational process.

ASSESS
History in a Timeline
This activity will clearly capsulize the history and development of Educational
Technology and ICT.
Trace the history and development of Educational Technology and ICT by
creating a timeline. Be sure to present it in a creative way through colors and pictures.

Educational Technology
A History of Educational Technology
ICT
EXPLORE
Activity: Information Collection
This activity will allow you to get information from teachers and students on the
importance of technology in teaching and learning respectively.

A. Teachers (at least 3 teachers)

Interview Questions: What are the behaviors you observed from your students after using
technology in teaching?
Responses 1:
Teacher 1: It increases my student achievement. They become much more interested
when more senses are involved in lesson presentation and activities. They learn more
when they see and read, hear, and experience exercises designated for them.
Teacher 2: My student become more active in learning. They enjoy playing games,
solving problems, and working interactively with computer lessons, modules, and
practice exercises.
Teacher 3: My student become more critical thinker. There higher-level thinking skills
developed. Through technology which I used in teaching the learner are assisted to
remember, understand, apply, synthesize, evaluate and create. It is very important to
use technology in teaching because it enriches the thinking skills of the students, it
helps them in making decisions, and testing the credibility of such decisions through
reflective and reasonable thinking.

B. Students (at least 5 students)

Interview Question: Why do you think technology is important to your studies?
Responses
Student 1: Modern tech empowers students to take ownership of their education.
Giving students tools to actively participate in their learning ensures that the
responsibility for learning isn’t just on teachers. Thanks to technology, students can
play a bigger part in their own learning than they might realize.
Student 2: Modern tech is essential for staying competitive.
Lisa believes helping students become digitally savvy prepares them for college and
the business field.
“Our struggle is to stay competitive with other school districts who have more
staff and more money,” she said. “We don’t want our students to be at a
disadvantage. We try as best we can to stay current with whatever technology is
best for our teachers and students.”

Student 3: Using digital tools can drive down costs long-term.

From a physical perspective, technology can be incredibly cost-effective in the long
run.
Student 4: Education technology often increases academic performance.
 Student 5: Students (and teachers and parents) expect digital learning experiences.
“Pervasive, reliable wireless connectively” is the expectation of today’s teachers and
students.
Devices are part of a child’s world, so incorporating them into education is simply a
continuation of their everyday life.

APPLY
Image Valuing
This activity will give a picture of the image of the importance of Educational
Technology.
Show the many importance of Educational Technology through images. Indicate
or describe the image. Add more pages if needed.
Image Description

Educational Technology is very

important so that we can
compete globally through
advance knowledge that we
attain because of this kind of
technology.
Educational Technology help
student to be more participative
and more active in discussion
setting.

It makes the school work much

more easier and faster.
ASSESS
Educational Technology At Its Best!
Discuss the importance of technology in facilitating teaching and learning.
Include basis to establish the importance.

Technology offers tremendous promise for student learning and has ignited the
imagination of those who are interested in bringing about revolutionary gains in the
achievement of all students. Yet the use of technology in education also raises a whole
host of challenges, including those related to cost-effectiveness, teacher professional
development, assessment, equity, and safety. We are at the forefront of evidence-based,
technology-driven classroom practices and online strategies that enhance learning for all
students, especially those with special needs.
The effective Use of Technology in Education has changed the face of education
and it has created more educational opportunities. Both teachers and students have
benefited from various educational technologies, teachers have learned how to integrate
technology in their classrooms and students are getting more interested in learning with
technology. The use of technology in education has removed educational boundaries,
both students and teachers can collaborate in real time using advanced educational
technologies.
Technology has helped in the growth of mobile learning and long distance
learning. The use of internet technology has enabled teachers to reach students across
boarders and also students from developing countries have used internet technology to
subscribe for advanced educational courses. Many universities and colleges have
embraced online education by creating virtual classrooms. Online education is flexible
and affordable, students can attend classrooms during their free time, and they can also
have a chance to interact with other students virtually.
Recent advancements in educational technologies have yielded positive results in
our education sector. This new educational technology is supporting both teaching and
learning processes, technology has digitized classrooms through digital learning tools
like, computers, iPads, smartphones, smart digital white boards; it has expanded course
offerings, it has increased student’s engagement and motivation towards learning.
EXPLORE
Activity: EDTECH and the Four PILLARS
This activity will focus on the relationship of the four pillars of educational on the
roles of Educational Technology in the 21st century classrooms.
Learning to Know
Write one paragraph discussing how technology can increase students’ ability to find
answer to the questions raised in class.

Technology can increase students’ ability to find answer to the questions raised in class
because through technology everything is possible. We can search everything there, for just one
click you can find what you want to know.
Learning to Do
Plan an activity that includes the use of technology to teach your classmates how to learn
the following: You may choose only one.

a. Making a toy
b. Writing a poem
c. Solving a problem of a teenager
d. Improving basic speech
I choose letter D, which is improving basic speech. So, to teach them how to improve
basic speech I will present them a video presentation about how to improve basic speech and for
that they will have follow it, replicate it in order for them to learn.
Learning to Be
Explain the technology you will use to attain what you want to be 5 years from now.
For me, the technology I will be using to attain what I want to be 5 years from
now is the laptop or the computer because this said product of technology is very
important and it is very useful in many ways. Since my goal is to become a teacher
someday then laptop/computer is very useful and important to me in making some reports
and in researching some of my lessons/topics that I will be going to discuss in my class.
Learning to Live Together
Illustrate the technologies which can be applied or used to enhance harmonious
relationship with your:
a. Family members
b. Classmates
c. Teachers
The technologies that can be applied or used to enhance harmonious relationship with my
family members are cellphones so that we can text or call them, television in times of our
bonding times, and everything in the house that is the product of technology.
 The technologies that can be applied or used to enhance harmonious relationship with my
classmates are cellphones again and laptop.
The technologies that can be applied or used to enhance harmonious relationship with my
teachers are cellphones and laptops again.
APPLY
Picture-Role Association
This activity will concretely show the roles of Educational Technology.
Given the following roles of Educational Technology, find an instructional material that
can best suit these roles. Get a picture or a screenshot of the instructional material and place it in
the box designated. Opposite it, describe how will use the instructional material to describe the
role.
1. Motivation
If you want an amazing tech tool that you can use in the
classroom to motivate students, then you need to have a
tablet, smartphone, or iPad. These devices are universal, as
they allow you to do a variety of different things, such as
take notes in Google Docs, easily read books or
newspapers, or write, edit, or publish an essay. You can
also use them to reinforce math concepts, solve problems,
graph, calculate, or explain difficult or complex math
concepts. These tech tools can help students tell a story by
using mind-mapping technology. They can also help
brainstorm, outline, or explain difficult concepts. The best
features about these technologies are the millions of free
apps that you can download onto them. Apps allow
students to create slideshows, recreate events, explain
theories, or even recite a play. The ideas to motivate
students through these tech tools are endless.

2. Unique Instructional Capabilities

They allow teachers to make the learning experience
more fun and practical and can also encourage students to
take more of an active role in their education. The
objective of using instructional strategies beyond subject
comprehension is to create students who are independent
strategic learners.
 3. Support for New Instructional Approaches

The teacher will support for new instructional approaches that

enables the learners to be more cooperative in learning and
enhance their problem solving and higher level skills.

4. Increase Teacher Productivity

Using technology resources can help teachers cope with their
growing paperwork load. Teachers and organizations realized
that they spend less time on record keeping and preparation
so they can spend more time analyzing student needs and
having direct contact with students. Teacher can be more
productive through training in technology-based methods and
access accurate information that may help them meet
individual needs.
5. Required Skills for an Information Age
The final and most compelling reason for integrating
technology into teaching and learning is the need for students
to learn skills that will prepare them to become lifelong
learners in an information society . they need to be equipped
with the skills to learn to know by gathering information in
addressing problems in school and in real-life situations.
ASSESS
E.D.T.E.C.H.
This will give students better understanding of the roles of Educational Technology in the
st
21 century classroom.
Create a meaning for the letters of EDTECH that would indicate the role of Educational
Technology in the 21st century classroom. The roles should be based on research findings.
Remember to cite the sources.
E- Educational
D- Development of
T- Technology and
E- Enhancement of
C- Communication
H-
EXPLORE
Activity: Go and Observe
This activity will allow students to have firsthand observation on how the different
theories of learning are being employed in the classroom.
Observe three classes that employ the different theories of learning. Fill out and answer
the given questions.
Lesson/Topic Theory Used How the Theory was Used
in the Discussion
Class 1 Primary Colors Cognitivism The teacher will give
information to the learners
about their topic which is the
primary colors, then the
learners will process and
store this information which
are very important in the
process of learning.
Class 2 Good Manners and Behaviorism The teacher will discuss
Right Conduct about how a well mannered
person act and how it obey
and follow rules and
regulations. In this case,
since the teacher discussed
what are the good manner
and right conduct that every
person must possess then the
learner will acquire this
behavior and act what is
exactly righteous to
everyone.
Class 3 Alphabet Constructivism ABC’s or should I say the
alphabet is not new to the
learner so the teacher will
just review or try the
retention capacity of his/her
learner since this
lesson/topic is not new to
them. The learner will
analyze, interpret and use
their mental capacity to
develop and add more
information.
APPLY
Lesson Planning
This activity will apply certain theory to a particular lesson you plan to teach.
Write a lesson plan about a topic you are interested to teach using any of the three
theories of learning. Use the format below.
Lesson The five Senses

Outcomes The learner will easily identify the five senses that is very crucial and
important in everyday life

Materials Laptop

Procedures 1. Prayer
2. Make some energizer to make the learner more alive and lovely
3. Introduce the topic using some PowerPoint presentation
4. Discuss the use of each senses
5. Give an activity
6. Evaluate their learning
7. Make an assessment

Answer the following:

1. What theory did you employ in your lesson ?
- Constructivism
2. What strategies did you use to clearly show the theory in the discussion ?
- Social interactions and cooperation
3. How was technology utilized ?
- The technology being utilized in this lesson discussion is very creative and very
innovative. And the communication or the social interaction between the teacher and the
learner is being prioritize with a strong collaboration and cooperation.
ASSESS
Comparing Theories
This activity will show the comparison among the three theories of learning that are
related to Educational Technology.
Show through a table the comparison of the different learning theories as to key concepts,
relevance to Educational Technology, strategies applying the different theories and the
technology competencies.
Key concepts Relevance to Strategies Technology
Educational Competencies
Technology
Behaviorism Behaviorism is 1. Observation  Instructional
theory of animal and of learners cues to elicit
human learning that are bases for correct
focuses on identifying response
objectively materials for  Practice
observable reinforcing paired with
behaviors and learning. target stimuli
discounts mental 2. Selecting  Reinforcement
activities. Behavior stimulus. for correct
theorists define Some responses.
learning as nothing learners  Building
more than the need varying proficiency
acquisition of new stimuli in
behavior. order to
- Experiments learn. There
of are learners
behaviorists who learn
identify faster by
conditioning being
as a exposed to
universal real objects
learning or actual
process. experiences
There are while others
two different learn from
types of pictures and
conditioning, stories.
each 3. Educational
yielding a Technology
different used by the
behavioral teacher can
pattern: help elicit
the
1. Classic outcomes
conditioning which are
occurs when easily
a natural observed
reflex like use and
responds to a production
stimulus. of proper
2. Behavioral words in
operant writing a
conditioning story,
occurs when creating
a response to greeting
a stimulus is cards for
reinforced. special
occasions,
using the
dictionary to
get the word
meaning,
throwing
and catching
ball
correctly in
physical
activities
and other
observable
behavior
which
correspond
to expected
outcomes.
4. Educational
Technology
to be
utilized in
developing
mastery
learning can
be used in
behavioral
approaches.
Students are
repeatedly
exposed to a
technology
 until such
time that
mastery of a
skill,
knowledge,
and attitudes
is
manifested
by the
students.
5. Technology
to promote
motivation,
classroom
management
and special
education
needs are
also used in
behaviorism.
Cognitivism Cognitivism focuses With this idea,
of the ‘brain’. It cognitivists believe
involves processing that learning
and storing develops through
information which receiving, storing,
are very important and retrieving
in the process of information.
learning. Cognitive Instructional
structure which is designers must
called schema analyze thoroughly
constitutes the and consider
internal knowledge appropriate tasks
structure. Schema needed to allow
may be combined, learners to
extended, or altered effectively and
to show new efficiently process
information. the information they
Learners process, received.
store, and retrieve Instructional
information for later material designers
use-creating must consider the
associations and relevant learner
creating a characteristics that
knowledge set will promote or
useful for living. impede cognitive
The learner uses the processing of
 information information such as
processing approach the following:
to transfer and - Conduct
assimilate new task analysis
information. The and learner
teacher manages analysis
problem solving and - Create tests
structured search - Create
activities, especially learning
with group learning materials
activities. The according to
teacher provides any of the
opportunities for the Instructional
students to connect Design
new information to Models.
schema.
Constructivism Learning is an Constructivism is
active process to in characterized by
which learners open-ended
construct new ideas expectation where
or concepts based results and methods
upon their of learning
current/past themselves are
knowledge, social easily measured and
interactions, and may not be
motivation which consisted with each
affect the learner.
construction of
knowledge, social
interactions, and
motivation.