CHAPTER- 1

INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

1.1 Industry Review

1.2 Introduction to Print Media

1.3 News Print Media

 Industry Overview: Print Media in India
Indian print media is one of the largest print media in the world. The history of it
started in 1780, with the publication of the Bengal Gazette from Calcutta.

History
James Augustus Hickey is considered as the "father of Indian press" as he started the
first Indian newspaper from Calcutta, the Calcutta General Advertise or the Bengal
Gazette in January, 1780. In 1789, the first newspaper from Bombay, the Bombay
Herald appeared, followed by the Bombay Courier next year (this newspaper was later
amalgamated with the Times of India in 1861).
The first newspaper in an Indian language was the Samachar Darpan in Bengali, The
first issue of this daily was published from the Serampore Mission Press on May 23,
1818. In the same year, Ganga Kishore Bhattacharya started publishing another
newspaper in Bengali, the Bengal Gazetti. On July 1, 1822 the first Gujarati newspaper
the Bombay Samachar was published from Bombay, which is still extant. The first
Hindi newspaper, the Samachar Sudha Varshan began in 1854. Since then, the
prominent Indian languages in which papers have grown over the years are Hindi,
Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and Bengali.
The Indian language papers have taken over the English press as per the latest NRS
survey of newspapers. The main reasons being the marketing strategy followed by the
regional papers, beginning with Eenadu, a telegu daily started by Ramoji Rao. The
second reason being the growing literacy rate.Increase in the literacy rate has direct
positive effect on the rise of circulation of the regional papers.
The people are first educated in their mother tongue as per their state in which they live
for e.g. students in Maharashtra are compulsory taught Marathi language and hence
they are educated in their state language and the first thing a literate person does is read
papers and gain knowledge and hence higher the literacy rate in a state the sales of the
dominating regional paper in that state rise.
The next reason being localization of news. Indian regional papers have several
editions for a particular State for complete localization of news for the reader to
connect with the paper
Malayala Manorama has about 10 editions in Kerala itself and six others outside
Kerala. Thus regional papers aim at providing localized news for their readers. Even
Advertisers saw the huge potential of the regional paper market, partly due to their own
research and more due to the efforts of the regional papers to make the advertisers
aware of the huge market.
INTRODUCTION TO PRINT MEDIA
Print media, as you know is one of them. Print media is one of the oldest and basic
forms of mass communication. It includes newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies
and other forms of printed journals. A basic understanding of the print media is
essential in the study of mass communication. The contribution of print media in
providing information and transfer of knowledge is remarkable. Even after the advent
of electronic media, the print media has not lost its charm or relevance. Print media has
the advantage of making a longer impact on the minds of the reader, with more in-
depth reporting and analysis.

OBJECTIVES
After studying this lesson, we will be able to do the following: identify the different
forms of print media; discuss the history of early printing; describe the evolution of
newspapers in India; differentiate between print and electronic journalism.
NEWSPAPERS
Print media generally refers to newspapers. Newspapers collect, edit and print news
reports and articles. There are newspapers published in the evening also. They are
called eveningers.
HISTORY OF PRINTING
Have you seen a palm leaf? There was a time when people used to write on palm
leaves. This was before the discovery of paper. Some of the old manuscripts written on
palm leaves are preserved in our National Manuscript Library in Delhi.
THE FIRST NEWSPAPER
The first newspaper in India was published on 29 January, 1780 by James Augustus
Hicky under the British Raj and its name was ‘The Bengal Gazette’. It was also called
as ‘Calcutta General Advertiser’ and people simply remember it as ‘Hicky’s
Gazette’.
CULTURAL AWAKENING AND FREEDOM MOVEMENT
Towards the end of the 19th century, many social reformers began actively
campaigning for radical changes in Indian society. The reformation of Hinduism, the
move for abolition of sati and efforts to encourage widow remarriage were some of the
major reforms. Inspired by these great leaders, many newspapers were started in
different parts of the country. All this led to a boom in the newspaper industry in India.
Some of the leading English newspapers were also launched during this time. "The
Times of India" (1861) was started as a paper supporting the British.
Many of you might have heard about "The Jungle Book". The author of "The Jungle
Book" , Rudyard Kipling, started "The Pioneer" in 1866 from Allahabad. "The Amrita
Bazar Patrika"(1868), "The Statesman" (1875), "The Hindu" (1887) and "The
Tribune"(1880) were also started during this period. "The Hindustan Times" was
started later, in 1923. In the regional languages, some papers that were launched during
that period continue even now as leading papers like "Malayala Manorama" (1888).
When Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, he gave a great impetus to the freedom
movement. He was also a great editor. He took over "Young India", the weekly started
by the Home Rule Party in 1918. Gandhiji also launched another weekly, called the
"Navjeevan", in Gujarati. Later, Gandhiji started the "Harijan" under the editorship of
Mahadev Desai. Gandhiji insisted that his papers will not carry any advertisements.
But all his publications had wide circulation among readers.
ADVENT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY
Have you ever wondered how the pages of a newspaper are printed? From the days of
wooden block printing, newspapers have undergone a sea change. Technological
revolution has modernised the print media. For a long time, these were produced by
hand composing. Later, these were replaced by monotype and linotype. In this process,
a machine operated by a key board was used to compose letters. This has also become
obsolete now. Typesetting in computers, offset printing and laser printing have taken
over. Desktop publishing has become quite common now.
INTERNET PAPERS AND EDITIONS
Have you seen an internet cafe? Nowadays internet cafes are as common as STD /ISD
booths. If you have not visited an internet cafe, please go and see what is happening
there. Internet is a computer based worldwide interlink network. It has no country
barriers. So a person sitting in India can access an internet site in USA through the
computer network. This has made revolutionary changes in communication the world
over. Recently almost all newspapers have internet editions. For example, the
Hindustan Times or Indian Express or Times of India can be read on the internet
through their net editions. Each paper has a dotcom name for their site, like
www.hindustantimes.com or www.times of india.com. While you have to pay for
buying a newspaper, the internet edition of that newspaper is free of charge and is
accessible if you have a computer and internet connection.
OTHER FORMS OF PRINT MEDIA
Filmfare, Champak, Grihasobha, Chandamama, India Today, The Week, Outlook. Are
these names familiar to you? They are also part of the print media. called But they are
not newspapers. They are magazines. Can you tell the difference between newspapers
and magazines? Like newspapers, magazines and weeklies are other forms of print
media. They are published at regular intervals. How do you differentiate beween them?
A weekly is published once a week and a monthly once a month. A fortnightly is
published once in two weeks. A bi¬weekly is published twice every week. A tri-
monthly is one which is published every three months. These are also known as
quarterlies. Then there are certain publications that come out only once a year which
are called annuals. "India Today" is a weekly, while "Champak" is a fortnightly.
"Grihasobha" and "Vanitha" are monthlies.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PRINT MEDIA AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA
After the advent of printing nearly six centuries ago, the print media was the only form
of mass communication. Then came the electronic medium. Though both print and
electronic media deal with mass communication, there are certain basic differences.
Print Media Electronic Media
1. Literacy is a basic Even an illiterate person can requirement for the print watch
a news bulletin and grasp media. Only a literate its contents though the written matter
person can read it. on the screen cannot be read.
2. Print media works There is no deadline for the electronic according to a
deadline. media. News can be updated Usually a morning paper anytime. carries news
received upto the midnight of the previous day.
3. In print media readers have Viewers cannot go back and recheck the choice to
go back and what they have seen. recheck. What they have read.
4. Print media provides more Less scope for such long indepth scope for indepth
analysis of analysis events.
5. Print media does not provide Live discussions are possible. scope for a live
discussion.
6. Language is more literary Language used is spoken and more and flowery and
reader - viewer -friendly.
7. Frequent update of news Even a minute-to-minute update is is not possible.
possible.
LARGEST CIRCULATED DAILIES
India has a live and active print media. India is known for its vastness of area, diversity
of culture and multiplicity of languages which are spoken and written. India has 28
states and seven union territories. Most of them have their own language. When India
became Independent in 1947, there were only 3533 newspapers and periodicals.
Among them 330 were newspapers and 3203 were other publications.
Metrics
Newspapers in India are measured on two parameters, circulation and readership.
Circulation is certified by the Audit Bureau of Circulations which is an industry body.
It audits the paid-for circulation of the member newspaper companies.
Indian English Newspaper
Newspaper is the oldest and the most conventional method of giving news on a wide
array of topics to the people at their doorstep. The newspaper industry at the global
arena has come a long way from presenting news in black and white to adopting the
most innovative of methods, including colored background and text, unique paper
materials, etc to depict all kinds of news for readers. The Indian newspaper industry
has the record of giving the most number of newspapers to the readers, both at the
national as well as at the regional levels. One of the oldest newspapers of India, The
Statesman was founded in 18189 and still continues to maintain the same status that it
used to command. It has been almost two centuries now since the inception of the
oldest newspaper in the country. During this period, the Indian newspaper industry has
achieved tremendous ground of success for various newspapers that are circulated
throughout the country. The most unique fact of the Indian newspaper industry is that
newspapers in various regional languages, Hindi, and English are published and
circulated throughout the country.
The Indian English Newspaper Sector is the most published and circulated lot in the
Indian newspaper industry.
With the newspaper industry as a viable platform for the proliferation of advertising
and marketing of public relations, there has been witnessed an Impressive explosion of
newspapers at all levels. A typical Indian English newspaper serves as an ideal banner
for companies who would look forward to advertise their products or services keeping
in mind the strength of the readers nationwide. Since a newspaper is the first thing that
most of the citizens of the country go through early in the morning, it stands at an
advantage of making its stand in full view of the massive number of readers. The more
the readers or viewers of the advertisements, the more impact that the advertisements
have made in the minds of the people. An Indian English newspaper being the most
read newspaper in the country, most of the companies highlighting their services and
products for the citizens, targets these newspapers for the showcase of their services.
Newspapers act as the ideal method of public relations due to its strength as the best
way of communication. Pitch on Net is an online advertising portal that highlights
various forms of advertisements and marketing services.
Bennett Coleman & Co. Ltd (The Times Group)
Bennett, Coleman & Co. Limited, is the flagship company of The Times Group, which
has a heritage of over 150 years and is one of India’s leading media groups. The
activities of The Times Group also include publishing newspapers and magazines,
television broadcasting, running internet portals, creating and distributing multimedia
products and music publishing and retailing.
The Times Group is the largest media services conglomerate in India. It is headed by
brothers Samir and Vineet Jain. It reaches out from 11 publishing centers, 15 printing
centers, 55 sales offices, over 7000 employees, 5 dailies including two of the largest in
the country with approx 4.3 million copies circulated daily, 2 lead magazines, 29 niche
magazines reaching 2468 cities and towns, 32 Radio Stations and turnover in excess of
USD 700 million.
The Times of India publishes a daily newspaper in India. The company was founded in
1838 as The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce and changed its name to The
Times of India in 1861. The company is based in New Delhi, India. The Times of India
is a subsidiary of Bennett, Coleman & Co., Ltd. The first edition of the newspaper
appeared on November 3, 1838, then known as The Bombay Times and Journal of
Commerce. The newspaper was published twice a week under editor J.E. Brennan. It
was basically a city paper reflecting the interest of Bombay’s business community.

Its major brands include:

• The Times of India, India’s largest English daily.
• The Economic Times, India’s largest financial daily, and the world’s second
largest after The Wall Street Journal.
• Maharashtra Times, India’s largest Marathi daily and Maharashtra’s No.1
Newspaper.
• Navbharat Times, the largest Hindi Daily in Delhi and Bombay.
• Mumbai Mirror India’s largest circulated compact newspaper.
• Pune Mirror.
• Bangalore Mirror, Bangalore’s first morning compact daily.
• The Times of India – Kannada.
Times Group’s subsidiary companies include:

Times Infotainment Media Limited (TIML) & Entertainment Network India Limited
(ENIL) that together control:
• Radio Mirchi – National network of Private FM stations.
• 360 Degrees – Event Management.
• Times Outoors – Outdoor Advertising & Billboard Marketing.
• Mirchi Movies Limited – Movie production, Entertainment.
Times Internet Limited (TIL), which has:
• Indiatimes portal
• Times of Money – an online payments portal specializing in remitting money to
India and other parts of the world.
Times Global Broadcasting Limited - This was a Joint Venture with Reuters untill
Reuters exited. The company heads:
• Times Now – A News Channel
• ZOOm – A Lifestyle Channel
Times Business Solutions controls:
• TBSL – corporate website of TBSL.
• Times Jobs – A jobs portal.
• SimplyMarry – A matrimonial portal. (earlier known as TimesMatri).
• Magic Bricks – A real estate portal.
• Yolist – Free classifieds portal.
• Ads2Book – Online classifieds booking system for print publications.
TIML Golden Square Limited which purchased Virgin Radio (soon to be called
Absolute Radio) in the United Kingdom. This company is a direct subsidiary of BCCL
(not through TIML or ENIL).Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. provides media publishing
services. The company offers newspapers, magazines, Internet, and electronic
commerce information publication services. Its brands include The Economic Times,
Times of India, Femina, Sandhya Times, Times FM, and Filmfare. Additionally, it
provides radio and television programs production and distribution, Web portals
operation, and mobile value added services. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. was founded
in 1838 and is based in Mumbai, India.
Structure of the management
CEO
Managing Director (Mr. B)
Subordinate Managing Director (Mr. C)
General Manager (Mr. D)
Regional Manager (Mr. E)
Branch Manager (Mr. F)
Department Manager
Sales Manager
Direct Sales Force
Executives

KEY EXECUTIVES
Indu Jain, current Chairperson
Samir Jain, Vice-Chairman & Publisher
Ronit Malhotra, MD
Ronit Malhotra, CEO
 Jug Suraiya (associate editor, columnist, "Jugular Vein," cartoonist,
"Dubyaman II")
Swaminathan Aiyar (columnist, "Swaminomics")
R. K. Laxman ("You Said It" editorial cartoon, featuring the famous Common
Man)
Rukmini Subramanian, Senior Writer
Bachi Karkaria, columnist, "Erratica"
Vinay Pandey, Editor-Online
Vinita Nangia, Editor-Times Life
Shobha De, columnist
Jaideep Bose, Editorial Director
Arindam Sen Gupta, Executive Editor
Dileep Padgaonkar, Former Editor, currently Consulting Editor and columnist
M J Akbar, Columnist, "The Siege Within" and former Editorial Team
Gurcharan Das, Columnist
Gautam Adhikari, former Executive Editor, Editorial Consultant
Russi Karanjia, assistant editor during the 1930s
Trivadi, columnist and humorist well known for his editorials, humor pieces,
and satirical poems.
Chetan Bhagat, Columnist, Sunday TOI
Kaushal Thakkar, Sr. Product Manager, Response - Ascent

The Times Group is the largest media services conglomerate in India . It is headed by
brothers Samir and Vineet Jain. It reaches out from:
• 11 publishing centers
• 15 printing centers
• 55 sales offices
• Over 7000 employees
• 5 dailies including two of the largest in the country with approx 4.3 million
copies circulated daily
• 2 lead magazines
• 29 niche magazines
• Reaching 2468 cities and towns
• 32 Radio Stations
• 2 Television News Channel
• 1 Television Life Style Channel
• Turnover in excess of USD 700 million
Its major brands include:
• The Times of India, World's largest English-language broadsheet daily
newspaper in terms of circulation
• The Economic Times, India's largest financial daily, and the world's second
largest in terms of circulation after The Wall Street Journal
• Maharashtra Times, India's largest Marathi daily
• Navbharat Times, the largest Hindi Daily in Delhi and Bombay
• Mumbai Mirror India's largest circulated compact newspaper
• Pune Mirror
• Bangalore Mirror, Bangalore's first morning compact daily
• The Times of India - Kannada

SUBSIDIARIES: Its subsidiary companies include:

ENIL & TIML
Times Infotainment Media Limited & Entertainment Network India Limited that
together control
• Radio Mirchi National network of Private FM stations
• 360 Degrees Events
• Times Outoors Outdoors
• Mirchi Movies Limited Filmed Entertainment. Producers of BEING CYRUS,
VELLITHERAI, MANJADIKURU
TIL
Times Internet Limited which has
• Indiatimes portal
• Times of Money - an online payments portal specializing in remitting money to
India and other parts of the world
Times Global Broadcasting Limited
This was a Joint Venture with Reuters. No longer a joint venture as Reuters has exited.
• Times Now A general interest news Channel
• ET Now A business news channel
A new business channel which is the broadcast version of Economic Times will be
launched early in 2009.

Times Business Solutions

• TBSL, corporate website of TBSL.
• Times Jobs, a jobs portal
• SimplyMarry, a matrimonial portal
• Magic Bricks, a real estate portal
• Yolist, free classifieds portal
• Ads2Book, online classifieds booking system for print publications
• PeerPower, a top level professional networking portal
World Wide Media
World Wide Media - A magazine joint venture between BCCL and BBC magazines
• Filmfare
• Filmfare Awards
• Femina
• Femina Miss India A Beauty Paegent
• Top Gear India
• Hello
• BBC Good Homes
• Femina Hindi
• Grazia
• What to Wear
• BBC Knowledge
• Trends
• Lonely Planet
VPL
• VPL, Bangalore Publisher of Vijay Karnataka

Times Private Treaties

Times Private Treaties is a barter program in which Advertisement space is bartered for
equity stakes in new and established companies.
TIML Radio Limited
TIML Radio Limited which purchased Virgin Radio (and renamed to Absolute Radio)
in the United Kingdom[5]. This company is a direct subsidiary of BCCL (not through
TIML or ENIL) [6]
Times Syndication Service
The syndication division of The Times of India Group, grants reprint rights for text,
images, cartoons/illustrations, audio/video and microfilms drawn primarily from Times
Group publications.
Brief History Of The Times
1838: The first edition appears on November 3, 1838, known as The Bombay Times
and Journal of Commerce. The newspaper is published twice a week under editor J.E.
Brennan. It is basically a city paper reflecting the interest of Bombay's business
community.
1846: The newspaper changes hands and Dr. George Buist is appointed editor.
1850: Shareholders decide to increase the share capital and the paper is converted into
a daily.
1859: Bombay Standard and Chronicle of Western India merges into The Bombay
Times and Journal of Commerce to form Bombay Times & Standard
1861: Editor Robert Knight amalgamates The Bombay Times & Standard and Bombay
Telegraph & Courier to form The Times of India and gives it a national character.
1880: The Times of India Weekly Edition is launched. This was later called The Times
of India Illustrated Weekly and finally as The Illustrated Weekly of India in 1923.
1890: Editor Henry Curwen buys The Times of India in partnership with Charles Kane.
1892: Following the death of Henry Curwen, T. J. Bennett becomes the editor and
enters into a partnership with F.M. Coleman to form a joint stock company - Bennett,
Coleman & Co. Ltd. (BCCL).
1907: In the newspaper's first price war under editor Stanley Reed, the price is cut from
4 annas to 1 anna, and circulation rises 5 times.
1946: For the first time, the paper transfers to Indian ownership. Ram Kishan Dalmia
buys out Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd for Rs. 2 crores. Partly, the takeover is funded
by illegal money transfers from other companies, and Ram Kishan was imprisoned
after the matter was raised in parliament by Feroze Gandhi in 1955.
1948: Sahu Jain Group become the owners of the company after Dalmia sells the firm
to recover 2.5 crores he needs to pay back to an insurance company. Shanti Prasad
Jain, son-in-law of Ram Kishan Dalmia, becomes the first chairman of the group.
1950: Delhi edition is launched with K. Gopalswami as the first Indian editor.
1952: Filmfare launched.
1959: Femina is launched.
1960: Sahu Ramesh Chandra Jain joins BCCL
1961: The Economic Times is launched.
1984: Samir Jain and Vineet Jain join BCCL.
1987: Printing of The Times of India from Kandivili Press.
1990: The Times School of Marketing is established as an in-house training school to
feed the group
1991: BBC features The Times of India among the world's six great newspapers.
1993: BCCL starts production of television software.
1996: The Times of India crosses 1 million mark in circulation.
1998: BCCL enters into music market with Times Music.
1999: Indiatimes webportal launched; BCCL enters music retailing business with
Planet M.
2000: The Times of India crosses the 2 million mark in circulation.
2000: Timesofmoney - JV with Citibank.
2001: Radio Mirchi - Nationwide Private FM Broadcasting.
2001: 360 Degrees - Event Management Arm launched.
2002: Times Outdoor - Outdoor Advertising & Billboard Marketing.
2003: Times Classifieds - Classifieds site catering to web audiences, the group
publications and also publications from other countries like Sri Lanka.
2004:
• Launch of the Times Private Treaties - The Innovative Branding Solution from
The Times Group stable.
• Launch of the Jobs portal Times Jobs.
• Television Business launched with the launch of a lifestyle and entertainment
channel called Zoom.
2005: Launch of a Matrimonials website TimesMatri
2006:
• Launch of a television News Channel called Times Now in collaboration with
Reuters.
• Radio Mirchi holding company ENIL (Entertainment Network India Limited)
lists on the Indian stock markets. It is the first Times Group company to List on the
bourses.
• Launch of a Property services Portal Magic Bricks
• TimesMatri is rebranded as Simply Marry
• A new holding company by the name of TBSL is created. This company
controls the brands TimesJobs SimplyMarry (earlier called TimesMatri) and
MagicBricks
• TimesofMoney launches Remit2Home, to cater to Global Remittance Market
2007:
• Launch of The Times of India - Kannada
• Launch of Bangalore Mirror
• Launch of Ahmedabad Mirror
2008:
• Launch of SimplyMarryZine.com
• Launch of The Times of India, Chennai Edition [13]
• Launch of Pune Mirror
• Acquisition of Virgin Radio (now known as Absolute Radio) in the UK
2009:
• Launch of ET Now - A business news channel