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Unit 2 - Counter-Timer (Compatibility Mode)

The document discusses timer/counter programming for the 8051 microcontroller. It describes the timer registers TMOD and TCON, the different timer modes for interval timing or external event counting, and examples of using timers for delays, frequencies, and counting external events.

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mukeshvit144
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78 views24 pages

Unit 2 - Counter-Timer (Compatibility Mode)

The document discusses timer/counter programming for the 8051 microcontroller. It describes the timer registers TMOD and TCON, the different timer modes for interval timing or external event counting, and examples of using timers for delays, frequencies, and counting external events.

Uploaded by

mukeshvit144
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The 8051 Microcontroller

and Embedded Systems

Chapter 9
Counter/Timer Programming

From the text by Mazidi & Mazidi (2000)

1
2
Timer-Counters
• The 8051 has 2 Timer-Counters for:
– Interval timing
– Outside event counting

• Timer 0 and Timer 1

• Each is 16-bit made up of two 8-bit


registers, Timer High and Timer Low.
TH0/TL0 TH1/TL1

3
4
TMOD
• Both counters use the TMOD (Timer Mode)
register for configuration.

5
• M1/M0 select the timer mode 0-3.
Modes 0 and 3 will not be discussed in any detail
as they are seldom used.

• C/T –Determines if the timer is acting as an


internal timer (0) or an external event counter (1)
using pin functions T0 & T1 for counting and
external input.
• Gate: Determines whether a hardware gate input.
Pin functions INT0 & INT1 are used for gate
controls.
• MOV TMOD, #01010001B
6
• As an internal timer, the counter will clock
at a rate of Osc/12.

• If the timer is 16-bits, with a clock of


12Mhz, how long will it take to overflow
starting from 0?

7
• A timer must have ways to start and stop it to
make it useful.

• In software, bits TR0 and TR1 (Timer Run) can be


used for control:
SETB TR0 ;Start timer 0
CLR TR0 ; Stop timer 0

• Gate in TMOD can be used as external hardware


control of the timer. INT0 and INT1 are used as
gate inputs – Normally used for external interrupts
- Discussed further in Ch 11.
8
Timer Mode 1: 16-Bit
• In Mode 1, both TL and TH are used for
counting.
MOV TMOD, #00000001B
• Maximum value of 65,535 or FFFFH
• Timer is loaded with a start value:
MOV TH0, #0FFH
MOV TL0, #00H
• Timer is enabled:
SETB TR0
• Upon overflow, TF0 (timer overflow flag)
is set.
9
10
• Toggle (compliment) an LED connected to
P1.1 every 20mSec with a 12MHz clock.
– Select Mode 1 (timer 0 or 1 may be used)
MOV TMOD, #01H

– Find number of counts required based on


the speed of osc/12:
20mSec/1 uS = 20,000 counts

– Subtract from 65,536


65,536 – 20,000 = 45,536
11
– Convert to Hex and load into timer registers:
MOV TH0, #0B1H
MOV TL0, #0E0H

– Enable the timer


SETB TR0

– Wait until flag is set


Wait: JNB TF0, Wait

12
– Compliment LED
CPL P1.1

– Clear the flag


CLR TF0

– Jump back to RELOAD the timer to wait


another 20mS. If timer is not reloaded,
the full count from FFFF to 0 is used.

13
• Write a code to cause a delay of 50mS for
switch debounce.

14
• Using a 12MHz osc, what is the longest
delay that can be directly timed in mode 1?

• How can the time be extended? Write code


to create a delay of 250mS using a timer
and a register.

15
Mode 2: 8-Bit Reload
• 8-Bit timer where only TLx is used for
counting.
• THx is loaded with the same value as TLx
and is used to reload TLx when it
overflows.
• Negative values may be used to subtract
from maximum (MOV TH1, #-20)

16
• What is the longest time that can directly be
timed using mode 2 with a 12MHz clock?

17
• Using Mode 2 and Timer 1, produce a
frequency of 38KHz on P1.2 using a
12MHz clock.

18
Counter Programming
• Instead of being clocked from the oscillator/12,
timers are clock from external inputs:
Timer 0: Pin T0
Timer 1: Pin T1
• Allows counting of external events.
• Bit C/T for the desired timer is set to 1.
MOV TMOD, #01010000B

19
• Develop a program to toggle the yellow
LED every time 6 bottles pass a sensor
connected to T0.

20
• The counter can be used to keep track of
external events, or as a time base for the
timer (such as a 60Hz input for time
keeping).

21
TCON
• TFx and TRx are contained in the TCON
register (Timer/Counter Counter control
register).

22
Gate Bit
• The Gate for Timer 0/1 can be used to allow
hardware to start and stop the timer. One
use would be to measure the length of a
pulse. Pins INT0/1 are used.

23
24

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