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Complex Arithmetic For Signals and Systems

The document discusses complex arithmetic, trigonometry, geometric series, Fourier transforms, and their applications to signals and systems. It covers properties of linear, time-invariant, memoryless, and causal systems. Sampling theory concepts are explained including analog to digital conversion, reconstruction, and the sampling theorem. Fourier series are introduced for synthesizing periodic signals from complex sinusoids.

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Bách Gia Dương
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60 views

Complex Arithmetic For Signals and Systems

The document discusses complex arithmetic, trigonometry, geometric series, Fourier transforms, and their applications to signals and systems. It covers properties of linear, time-invariant, memoryless, and causal systems. Sampling theory concepts are explained including analog to digital conversion, reconstruction, and the sampling theorem. Fourier series are introduced for synthesizing periodic signals from complex sinusoids.

Uploaded by

Bách Gia Dương
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPLEX ARITHMETIC FOR SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

TRIGONOMETRY AND EULER’S FORMULAS

GEOMETRIC SERIES

RECOGNIZING SIGNAL PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS


RECOGNIZING SYSTEM PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS

 Linearity: A linear combination of individually obtained outputs is equivalent to the output obtained by the system operating on
the corresponding linear combination of inputs.

 Time-invariant: The system properties don’t change with time. A present input produces the same response as it does in the
future, less the time shift factor between the present and future.

 Memoryless: If the present system output depends only on the present input, the system is memoryless.

 Causal: The present system output depends at most on the present and past inputs. Future inputs can’t be used to produce the
present output.

 Stable: A system is bounded-input bound-output (BIBO) stable if all bounded inputs produce a bounded output.

USING FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR CONTINUOUS-TIME SIGNALS


Here is a short table of theorems and pairs for the continuous-time Fourier transform (FT), in both frequency variable

The forward and inverse transforms for these two notational schemes are defined as:
APPLYING FOURIER TRANSFORM TO DISCRETE-TIME SIGNALS
For discrete-time signals and systems the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) takes you to the frequency domain. A short table of
theorems and pairs for the DTFT can make your work in this domain much more fun. The discrete-time frequency variable is

The forward and inverse transforms are defined as:


EXPLORING SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS: CORE CONCEPTS OF SAMPLING THEORY

The process of converting continuous-time signal x(t) to discrete-time signal x[n] requires sampling, which is implemented by the analog-
to-digital converter (ADC) block. The block with frequency response

represents a linear time invariant system with input x[n] and output y[n]. The discrete-time signal y[n] is returned to the continuous-time
domain via a digital-to-analog converter and a reconstruction filter.

SYNTHESIZING SIGNALS WITH THE FOURIER SERIES

Periodic signals can be synthesized as a linear combination of harmonically related complex sinusoids. The theory of Fourier series
provides the mathematical tools for this synthesis by starting with the analysis formula, which provides the Fourier
coefficients Xn corresponding to periodic signal x(t) having period T0.

Common periodic signals include the square wave, pulse train, and triangle wave. This table shows the Fourier series analysis and
synthesis formulas and coefficient formulas for Xn in terms of waveform parameters for the provided waveform sketches:

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