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DOD Military Intelligence U.S. Department of Defense

10-1946

Handbook on USSR Military Forces, Chapter XII:

Maps, Conventional Sign, and Symbols
War Department (USA)

Robert L. Bolin , Depositor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]

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War Department (USA) and Bolin, Robert L. , Depositor, "Handbook on USSR Military Forces, Chapter XII: Maps, Conventional
Sign, and Symbols" (1946). DOD Military Intelligence. 29.
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Technical Manual TM 30-430
Handbook on USSR Military Forces
Chapter XII
Maps, Conventional Sign, and Symbols

Robert L. Bolin, Depositor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, [email protected]
 Technical Manual, TM 30-430, Chapter XII
15 October 1946

Handbook on USSR Military Forces

Chapter XII
Maps, Conventional Sign, and Symbols

War Department
Washington, DC

Comments

The copy digitized was borrowed from the Marshall Center Research
Library, APO, AE 09053-4502.

Abstract

TM 30-340, Handbook on USSR Military Forces, was “published in

installments to expedite dissemination to the field.” TM30-430, Chapter
XII, 15 October 1946, “Maps, Conventional Signs, and Symbols,” contains
a brief description of the mapping system used in the Soviet Union and
examples of symbols used on Soviet tactical maps and military topographic
maps

This manual is listed in WorldCat under Accession Number:

OCLC: 19989681
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

CHAPTER XII

MAPS, CONVENTIONAL SIGNS, AND SYMBOLS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page Page
Section I. MAP SySTEMS ................... . Section II-Continued
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5. Tank Troop Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10
2. Coordinate System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6. Air Force Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11
3. Types and Classification of Maps. . . . . . . . . . 2 7. Antiaircraft Defense Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
4. Special Maps and Map Substitutes. . . . . . . . 2 8. Chemical Defense Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 12
5. Map Index Systems ............. _. . . . . . . . 3 9. Signal Communications Symbols. . . . . . . . . .. 12
6. Supply of Maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 10. Engineer Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13
ll. Symbols for Rear Sen ices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 16
Section II. SOVIET TACTICAL SYMBOLS... 7 12. Traffic Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 17
1. Symbols for Headquarters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2. Symbols for Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Section III. CONVENTIONAL SOVIET SIGNS. 18
3. Infantry Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1. Topographic Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 18
4. Artillery Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Engineer Signs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 22

List of Illustrations
Figure Page Figure Page
1. Index system for 1:1,000,000 maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4. Index system for 1 :100,000 maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2. Index system for 1:500,000 maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 5. Index system for 1:50,000 maps................. 6
3. Index system for 1 :200,000 maps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6. Index systems for 1:25,000 and 1:10,000 maps... 6

XII-I
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

CHAPTER XII

MAPS" CONVENTIONAL SIGNS, AND SYMBOLS

Section I. MAP SYSTEMS central, or base, meridian of zone, that is, at the
1. INTRODUCfION third, ninth, fifteenth etc., meridians. At the origin
Soviet tactical signs and symbols have undergone of this coordinate system, the value of the "X" co-
considerable change, particularly since 1942. These ordinate is zero, and the value of "Y" coordinate is
changes have consisted largely of,the simplification 500 kilometers. In the Soviet system the "X" co-
of complex signs by more abundant use of abbrevia- ordinate is vertical, and the "Y" coordinate is hori-
tions and by the introduction of new signs for re- zontal because a large positive value is assigned to
cently introduced weapons, such as self-propelled the "Y" coordinate, a value larger than half the
guns. width of a coordinate zone at the equator. The
Soviet usage is not always consistent, even in "Y" coordinate never becomes a negative value.
official manuals. Different arms and services fre- The "X" coordinate, however, becomes negative in
quently use signs which vary from those used by the southern hemisphere.
other arms and services. This is particularly appli- The length of a side of each grid square is equal
cable to the signs for fortifications used by the to an even number of centimeters and represents an
engineers and by the infantry. even number of kilometers on the ground. For ex-
Tactical symbols representing friendly troops are ample, the side of the grid square of a 1: 25,000 map
red. Those for enemy troops are blue, the converse is 4 centimeters and represents 1 kilometer on the
of United States usage. On black and white maps ground. The side of the grid square of 1: 100,000
or charts, friendly troops are represented by solid map is 2 centimeters, which represents 2 kilometers
heavy lines and enemy troops are indicated by on the ground.
lighter, double lines. The full coordinate is written in the lower left
Soviet military abbreviations and conversion corner of each sheet, the horizontal coordinate pre-
tables of the old Russian and metric systems of ceded by the number of the coordinate zone. The
weights and measures are published in TM 30-544. vertical or "X" coordinate indicates the distance
in kilometers from the equator. The difference be-
2. COORDINATE SYSTEM tween the value of the horizontal or "Y" coordi-
The U. S. S. R. is divided into 28 map sectors, each nate and 500 indicates the distance east of the base
6° wide. The map sectors are divided by parallels, meridian of the coordinate zone if "Y" is greater
4° apart into rows of coordinate zones. Coordi- than 500, and the distance in kilometers ,\-est of the
nate zones are numbered consecutively from 1 to 32, base meridian if "Y" is less than 500. Thus, the
star~ing at Greenwich and continuing east. Num- numbers 5748 and 8690 locate the lmrer left corner
bers for coordinate zones are derived from the num- o( a map 5,748 kilometers north of the equator 190
bers of the map sectors in which they fall. The kilometers east of the base meridian of the 8th zone.
number of a coordinate zone is determined by sub- The full coordinate is printed only in the lower left
tracting 30 from the number of the map sector in corner of the map. Elsewhere only the last two
which it falls or by adding 30 if the map sector numbers are given. In military communications,
number is less than 30 (fig. 1). the "X" coordinate always is given first.
A rectangular grid system is superimposed on each Although the decision to change from the old Rus-
coordinate zone. The center of coordinates is es- sian system of weights and measures was made in
tablished at the intersection of the equator and the the early 1920's, military maps employing the old

XII-I
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

system still are in use. The old style military maps parts of Siberia. The 1: 1,050,000 (1 duim equals
use the geographic coordinate system. The dis- 25 versts) map covers all of the European S. S. R.
tances between consecutive vertical and horizontal and extends westward to Berlin, Prague, and the
lines are measured in duims (inches), which repre- Adriatic. It is one of the oldest Russian military
sent an even number of versts (0.663 miles) on the maps.
ground. For example, the size of a square on a Maps of scale 1: 100,000 and larger are used as
1: 84,000 map is 1 duim, which represents 1 verst tactical maps. The new 1: 50,000, supplemented by
on the ground. Prior to the adoption of the new 1: 25,000, is the basic tactical map. These maps in-
system of coordinates, a metric grid was superim- clude not only general topographic data, but also
posed on the geographical grid of the old style maps. information regarding inhabitable localities, road
nets, stream crossings and their condition, steep
3. TYPES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MAPS
descents and ascents, classification of roads in terms
Military maps of the U. S. S. R. are classified ac- of capacity, surface river system including speed
cording to scale as strategic, operational, and of the current, and relief with emphasis on difficult
tactical maps. terrain, orientation points, forests, and other
Maps of small scale are intended for general vegetation by type.
planning and strategic studies. In the Red Army, On the 1: 25,000, 1: 50,000, and 1: 100,000 maps,
metric system maps 1: 500,000, 1: 1,000,000, and relief is indicated by 5-, 10-, and 20-meter contour
1: 500,000,000 and old system maps 1: 1,680,000 lines respectively. Hachure marks are used where
and 1: 4,000,000 are utilized as strategic maps. relief cannot be adequately represented by contour
These maps carry the usual geographic data. lines. Prominent heights and depressions are indio
Intermediate scale maps are intended for the cated by a number which represents the difference
planning of operations, for the scheduling of in altitude between the top and the base, heights
movements of large units and supplies, and for the indicated by a plus sign and depressions by a minus
selection of positions and communications systems. sign. Supplementary tactical maps, 1: 10,000, are
The operational maps generally include communi- prepared as necessary during operations by the
cations data classified according to the capacity and Military Topographic Service agencies in the field
condition of roads, ridge lines, defiles, and other and by the Artillery Topographic Service.
major terrain features and economic data. Opera- In the old system the basic tactical map is
tional maps of the new system include those of 1: 42,000. Relief is shown by contours. Orig-
scales 1 : 200,000 to 1: 1,050,000. The standard op- inally these maps were in black only, but later four
erational map of the Red Army is the new 1: 200,- colors were added, contours in black, water in blue,
000 map. The collection of data for this map was forests in green, and other terrain features in
started in 1925. Relief is shown by tinting and brown. The 1: 84,000 map of the western area also
by contour lines. In the compilation of data for is used.
this map, particular attention was centered on strict
classification of railroad and road nets and on pop- 4. SPECIAL MAPS AND MAP SUBSTITUTES
ulation and population statistical data. In sparsely Ground and air photomaps are used extensively to
populated areas, this map also is intended for tac- familiarize reconnaissance personnel with territory
tical use. controlled by the enemy, to facilitate centralized fire
Three old style operational maps exist. The control and target designation, to study defilades,
1: 210,000 (1 duim equals 5 versts) map covers the and to facilitate coordination of infantry and ar-
Caucasus and the Turkmen S. S. R. The data on tillery.
this map are old, and it is being replaced by the new The Soviet photo-reconnaissance doctrines closely
1: 200,000 map. The 1: 420,000 (1 duim equals 10 approximate standard United States practice. Air
versts) map covers all the European S. S. R., neigh- photographs, both oblique and vertical, are aug-
boring western countries, Caucasus, Asia Minor, and mented by ground photo panoramas of critical sec-

XII-2
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

tors. In preparing photomaps for the use of tank a. Old Systems. There are two index systems
and mechanized forces, in addition to appropriate for maps printed in the old measures. The first sys-
marginal notes and contour lines, steep slopes are tem used, if there are comparatively few sheets in a
indicated by an arrow whose direction and length set, consists of numbering the sheets in sequence with
represent the direction and length of the slope. A Arabie or Roman numerals. With large-scale maps,
fraction is placed near such an arrow, its numerator this system becomes cumbersome. The second sys-
indicating degree of slope and denominator indicat- tem consists of sheets arranged in horizontal rows,
ing the length of the slope in meters. each row numbered with a Roman numeral. In each
Stereoscopes are used extensively to facilitate row, sheets are numbered in consecutive series of
tactical and operational' terrain map studies. Arabic numerals, starting with "1." Thus, all sheets
in the same vertical column have the same Arabic
5. MAP INDEX SYSTEMS number. Each sheet of the map is designated by
Maps distributed by the Military Topographic Di- the Roman number of its row, and its Arabic number
vision of the General Staff of the Red Army are within that row.
printed in sheets, the number of sheets for each map h. Metric System. There is one index for all
depending on the size of the area represented and metric system maps. The basic map is the
the scale of the map. Index systems are necessary 1: 1,000,000, which is divided into sectors and hori-
to catalog the sheets of each map. These systems zontal rows. Each row is designated by a Roman
consist of small schematic maps, which are divided capital letter, starting with "A" at the equator. The
by horizontal and vertical lines into rectangles or by height of each row is 4 0 of latitude. Thus, each
meridians and parallels into trapezoids. Each rec- sheet of the 1: 1,000,000 map is 6° of longitude wide
tangle or trapezoid represents a separate sheet of the and 4 0 of latitude high. Each sheet is designated by
map. Maps printed in the old measures are indexed naming its sector and its horizontal row. For ex-
in several systems. Maps printed in the metric sys- ample, the index number of the sheet which contains
tem are all indexed in the same system. Smolensk is N-36 (fig. 1).

XII-3
 15 Oct 46
TM 30-430

XII-4
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

Each sheet of the 1 :1,000,000 map is divided for with an Arabic numeral, 1 through 144. The index
indexing larger-scale metric maps. A 1 :1,000,000 number for the sheet of the 1: 100,000 map which
sheet is divided into four 1 :500,000 sheets, lettered contains Smolensk is N-36-41 (fig. 4) .
A, B, B, r, (A, B, V, G). Thus, the sheet of the
1 :500,000 map which contains Smolensk is desig- N-36
nated by naming the sheet of the J :1,000,000 map 30°0' 31°0 32°0' 33°0' 34°0' 35°0' 36°0'
~~ ~~
and by the appropriate letter, N-36-A (fig. 2). I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II 12
55°40'
13 24
55°20'
N-36 25 36
55°0'
37 OCMoAe"cK 48
49 60
61 72
A 6 73 84
@
CMOlleHCK 85 96
97 108
109 120
121 132
133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144
B r 52-0'
30·0'
52°0'
36.0'
Figure 4. Index system for 1 : 100,000 maps.

Each sheet of the 1: 100,000 map is divided into

four 1 :50,000 sheets, lettered A, B, B, r (A, B,V, G).
Figure 2. Index system for 1 : 500,000 maps. Thus, the index number of the sheet of the 1 :50,000
map which contains Smolensk is N-36-41-V (fig.
Each 1: 500,000 sheet is further divided into 18
5) . Each sheet of the 1 :50,000 map is divided into
1 :.200,000 sheets, each sheet designated by a Roman
four 1:25,000 sheets, lettered a,6,B,I'(a,b,v,g). The
numeral, I through XVIII. The index number for
the sheet of the 1: 200,000 map which contains Smo-
N-36-41
lensk is, for example, N-36-V (fig. 3) •

N-36

A 6
I II III

IV V
oCMOAeHGIf
VI

VII VIII IX CMolleHcK

0

X XI XII B r

XIII XIV XV
5~4~ 5~4~
32°0' 32°15' 32°30'
XVI XVII XVIII
Fi-:;ure 5. Index system for 1 : 50,000 maps.

Figure 3. Index system for 1 : 200,000 maps.

index number of the sheet of the 1 :25,000 map which
contains Smolensk is N-36-41-B-a (fig. 6). Each
Each 1: 200~000 sheet is divided into 144 1: 100,- sheet of the 1 :25,000 map is divided into four
000 sheets. Each 1: 100,000 sheet is numbered 1: 10,000 sheets, each designated by an Arabic num-

XII-5
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

ber 1, 2, 3, or 4. Thus, the index number of the The requisitions for maps by subordinate or-
sheet of the 1: 10,000 map which contains Gorki is ganizations are made on the basis of their allot·
N-36-41-B-g-3 (fig. 6). ments and on their programs for the year. These
requisitions are consolidated annually by the mili-
N-36-41-B ·tary district and forwarded to the Military Topo-
3~O' graphic Division of the General Staff. Newly
printed maps are distributed to the Peoples' Com-
missariat of Defense without formal requisition.
Reproduction of maps without permission of the
A & Military Topographical Service is prohibited.
0 The regularly expendable maps of peacetime must
C"""oAeHcK
be replaced, corrected, or enlarged in time of war.
32 0 11'15- Operational maps are drafted for use by the field
army by the Topographic Service in accordance

• 2 with the needs of constantl y changing combat con-

ditions. They are issued to designated units before
8 r or simultaneously with the preliminary orders of
3 4 the Chief of Staff. New maps must be drafted as
new terrain is encount.ered, and existing maps must
orOpKH
be modified to meet requirements of varying types
of combat.
Figure 6. Index system for 1 : 25,000 and 1 : 10,000 maps.
Each unit maintains a supply of maps of the
6. SUPPLY OF MAPS combat sector covering an area of 3 days' march
forward and 2 days' march back from the current
In peacetime, the Military Topographic Service of
combat line.
the General Staff of the Red Army is responsible
for the distribution of regularly expendable maps for The width of the sector covered by the map re-
training and for general service purposes. Distribu- serve of each unit encompasses its own front and
tion is made on the basis of prescribed allotments_ those of its adjacent units. The quantity of each
The Military Topographic Service issues maps di- type of map issued for a given combat sector, as
rectly to the staffs of Military Districts, to inde- determined by army orders, usually is sufficient
pendent armies, to the Main Administrations of the to supply each officer, each noncommissioned officer
Peoples' Commissariat of Defense, to the Red Navy, executing an independent mission, and each scout,
and to the NKVD and the NKGB. sniper, and observer with a map.
The Military Topographic Divisions of the staffs Troops are supplied with maps from either sta-
of military districts supply the other divisions of the tionary or mobile map depots by agencies of the
staff and other organizations of the military dis- Military Topographic Service of staffs of forma-
trict, including Red Army field units and formations, tions, or if such agencies are not included in the
training installations, flotillas and training units of Tables of Organization, by the chiefs of the Oper.
the Red Fleet, and NKVD and NKGB organiza- ations Divisions of the staffs. Maps normally are
tions. supplied by the higher to the next lower echelon
The Chiefs of Staffs of military units and the Chiefs without special request. A regimental staff is sup-
of Training Sections of military schools are respon- plied from the mobile division reserve. The di-
sible for initiation of requests for maps to Military vision reserves are supplied by mobile corps re-
Topographic Divisions of the staffs of military dis- serves and the corps reserves are supplied by an
tricts. They also are responsible for the distribu- army stationary map depot, or its mobile branch.
tion of maps within the units and the schools and for Independent formations and units receive maps
maintenance of topographic supply records. from the formation to which they are attached.

XII-6
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

Section II. Soviet Tactical Symbols 2. SYMBOLS FOR OPERATIONS

1. SYMBOLS FOR HEADQUARTERS g Infantry column (with staff)

Army group
(Western Army Group)
Infantry and tank column

Army
(Second Army) Infantry and artillery column

Corps Cavalry column

(II Rifl(' Corps)
CK -Rifle corps
TK -Tank corp~ or
Tank column
KK -Cavalry corps

) Horse-drawn artillery column

Cavalry corps (altf'rllate)
(II Cavalry Corps)

Motorized or tractor·drawn artillery column

Formation
(4th RiAI' Division)
c ]t -Rifle di, i~ion Motorized column
c6p -](ifl(' bri~ade
T6p -Tank briv;a!Je
a6p -ArtiJJ('ry brigade 00 00-. Mechanized infantry column
Jlc6p -Engineer.pionet'r brigade
Tnn -Heavy tank regiment
Ii]t -Cavalry division Column of other troops
~ca.n6
(5th Pioneer Satta lion )

Cavalry dh'ision (altt-rnate)

(5th Cavalry Division)
111111111111111111111 J Movement of troops by rail

lTnit
(] Oth Rifle Rej!;iment) 0+ Infantry reconnaissancf' patrol
en-Rifle regiment
an -Artillery regiment
umn -Ground·attack air regiment ~ Cavalry reconnaissance patrol
T6 -Tank battalion
TTP .-Heavy tank company

~ Tank reconnaissance patrol

Canlry regiment (alternate)

(15th Cavalry Regiment)

~ Tank reconnaissance group

Element
(3d Battalion, 1.oth Rifle Regiment)
c6 -Rifle battalion
a]t -Artillery battalion
8 Position area, infantry
(10th RiRe Regiment)

6iI
Tp -Tank company
B3-TT-Heavy tank platoon Position area, cavalry
(15th Cavalry Regiment)

Command pOllt
(Second Army)
(Flag,and characters designate unit) @ Position area, tank troops
(2d Tank Brigade)

XII-7
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Position area, artillery 3. INFANTRY SYMBOLS

(lst Artillery Regiment)
Company position area
Position area, special troops
(6th Signal Battalion)
Platoon po .. ition area
,'- .... _, Position area to be occupied by infantry
.10en
\ ,) (10th Rifle Regiment)
'--" Antitank rille company

Position area to be occupied by cavalry

(15th Ca\'alry Regiment)
± Antilank rille platoon

Position area to be occupied by tank

troop. (Zd Tank Brigade)
120·ml1l mOrlal" battery
k lb-

1
04
Combat sector occupied until a set lime
limit 120·l1Im mOrlal" platoon
'6

Planned com hat sector

82·mm mortar company

82·mm morlar platoon

Disposition of troops in defense

Dil'position of troops in offense 50·nun mortar platoon

Direction of attack Four.piece machine gun battery

----~
,... ... ....
<.... Direction of main effort Hille company in offense (same lor
--:.~
submachine gunners)

Machine gun platoon in offense

Actual offensive' Suhmachine gun platoon in offense

Withdrawal of troops Hille platoon deployed in line

fA Withdrawal of troops after unsuccessful

attack
Rille plaloon in offense
{~l.&

Feint or dummy 1ll0Vf'ment Hille ..quad in offense ( ..ame fOl" submachine

~unner .. )

Boundary hetw.een formal ions Hille "{Iliad d('plo~'ed in line ( ..ame for
sllhmachine ~lInnel's)

~.~. --v Boundary between unils Suhmachine /-tllll ';{Illad in defense

I"'\- - -"""""" - - - " Boundary hf'twef'n ..If'ments Hille squad in defen ..e

XII-8
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

Company commander Heavy machine gun (7.62.mm)

0
6 Platoon commander Heavy machine gun (12. 7.mm)

6 Squad commander
t Light machine gun (automatic rifle)

@ Ohserver 50·mm mortar

@ Signalman 82·l1Im mortar

® Gun layer ] 20·mm mortar

~ Sniper Small·caliher (45. or 5 7.mm) antitank gun

® Suhmachine gunner
·1· 76·l1Im rnfanlr}" howilzer

® Rifleman

4. ARTILLERY SYMBOLS
Ammunition hearer
® Ballery in firin~ posilion (eilher 76·mm or
IIn.;;pecified)
® Loader

Planned po"ilion for l1Iedium ~lIn ballery

@) Pioneer

@@) Dumm," hallery

0 Clwmical man

Artiller~"battalion I)osition area

® HoriOe drh"er (group supporling 61h Rifle Regimenl)

Rider Artillery position area

® (1st Battalion. 5th Artillery Regimcnt)

~ Mortar on cart Meleorological post

ro-- Machine gun squad on cart 11 Fla!'h ranging or optical reconnaissance post

~ Pack·loaded machine gun Sound ranging post

~ Packhorse Ob!."en"alion po"t (approximale location)

1 Antitank rifle Obse-n"alion po!."1 ( .. urn>,ed location)

XII-9
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Reserve observation post Ro('ket launcher

.n -Auxiliary ohservatioD post
E -Flank ob!'ervation post
n -Forward ohservation post 5. TANK TROOP SYMBOLS

Topographic reconnaissance bauery

computation post
<> Light tank (or unspecified type)

<l> Medium tank

Survey hase or check point

Heavy tank
Battery hase pif"ce (approximate location)

Self-propelled gun
Battery ha!'e piece (surnyed location)

Mine-clearance tank
Accurately located tar~et

Full-track per!!onnel carrier

Base direction of fire

o Li~ht armored car

-- - - - + Supplementary direction of fire

Hea~·y armored car

Concentration

Armored half-track
Antipersonnf"1 defensive harrage

~ Tanks in comhat formation

Fire for destru('tion

Light or medium tank platoon in combat

formation
Antitank defensive harrage

Light or medium tank company in combat

Accompanying harrage
formation

Heavy gun (152 to 203 mm)

:\iedium tank hattalion in comhat formation

Medium gun (100 to 122 mm)

Heavy tank company in ('om bat formatioll

III 76-mm gun (or artillery in general)

Heavy tank regimellt in com hat formation

76-mm mountain gun

Assemhly area
K -Terminal
Medium or heavy howitzer (152 mm up) 3 -R~ser\"e
II -Intermediate

122·mm howitzer Terram barrier passable for tanks

XII-IO
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

_ + _ +_
T
Axis of communication (for supply and Air reconnaissance rt'giment
replacemenl)

6. AIR f'ORCE SYMBOLS ! '\ir transport regiment

t Fif.1;hter squadron T Heavy air regiment

T Short range bomber squadron T Tactical reserve air regiment

Air control post

i Long range bomber squadron

T
Permanent airdrome
Ground attack squadron

t
Airfield
Long range fighter squadron 3 -Reserve
JI -Dummy
Landing field

1 Short range reconnaissance squadron

r Army reconnaissance squadron

Landing field for heavy aircraft

Landing field for fighters

1 Long range reconnaissance squadron

Air photo reconnaissance

T Liaison squadron

r Medical evacnation squadron

Air rendezvous (showing time and elevation)

1
Unit alerted fOl· airborne flie:ht
Dive bomber regiment

T Artillery "potter sqnadron

Patrol area

Ground-attack target (showing time)

T Air tran!'oport !'oquadron

Bomb target (showing time)

t Fighter regiment

I..anding site for airborne troops

T Ground attack regiment

Airborne landing

T Short range hom her regiment

Parachuted air cargo

T Lon~ range bomber regiment

t Long range fighter regiment Air paS!\8ge lanes ("howing entrance and exit)

XII-II
T]\t 30-430 15 Oct 46

7. ANTIAmCRAFT DEFENSE SYMBOLS 9. SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS SYMBOLS

Si~nal ballalion, company, or platoon

(RiA'ht.hand If'llt>r indicates tYI)e of unit)
CD Antiaircraft artillery hallery

Radi,P battalion. company, or platoon

~
<left·hand If'tter indicates !;ize of unit)
Antiaircraft artillery hallalion in firin~ posi.
tion (showin~ effectivf' 7.onf')
"@7 Cavalry signal unit
(td.-graph squadron)

--+@:;:';~_I Antiaircraft artillf'ry hallery on the march

Hadio direction findf'r company

CD Antiaircraft machinf' ~un

1J ~31 Tele~aph operatinA' company

@ Antiaircraft machine ~un (douhlf' or quad.

ruple mount) *
12 Cl Telf'A'raph construction company

Motorized antiaircraft machinf' gun

13 ~ KI Telt>phont> Iinf' company

Small-ralibcr antiaircraft gun

14 ~ wi Telephonf' construction ('ompany

Antiairc,'aft !,\f'ar('hli~ht
15 § :,1 4:ahle con!>truetion company

Barra~e halloon
@ H.ld ..... office

Air oh!>f'n'ation and warning post

.-Q-+ Mt>!'~e ct>nter

Air liai!>on po!>t (fo,' air warllin~ at a

A'round CP) __ Tf'If'~raph

§ Cen...llel...... ph ".';on

Sound.powered switchboard'
8. CHEMICAL DEFENSE SYMBOLS

r;..,
~ Six·linf' !'witchboard (number of dotl indio
~att>!'\ number of lines)

Ga!> !'\ht>lter
•
1111
Tf'lrphonf' 1f'!>tillA' !'Ialion

»--"I-..:).~ 1\Ietf'oroloA'ical !>tation Telf'phonf' eonlrol I)oinl (parallel

~ conneclion)

o
1111
Telephone ('ontrol !'Iation (serif's
Motorizf"d df"('ontaminator ~ ~om'f'ction )

M)---
Hor~f'.clra" n "f"contaminator

XII-12
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430
Sound~powered Engineer reconnaissance
/~Jf
f6)--- telephone

---<D-

-376-
Permanent telegraph line (five channels).

Permanent line
e
~
Pioneer reconnaissance patrol

Pioneer (en~ineer) battalion

.. _._-_. Overhead telegraph IiDf~

EJ Ponton battalion

~
-Z- Cable (two-line) Engineer dump
D
!~7
1 Motorized radio direction finder station Field power ~tation

-8-
1 Motorized radio Field power compressor

~
® Radio receiver
R -Testing
C -Monitoring
Rifle squad trench

J( -Auxiliary
/h Light machine gun tre~h
(arrow shows direction of fire)

}{ Radio beacon
:tt\ Hea,·y machine gun trench

f0 <I~
Radio net
Qrc Mortar emplact"ment

Al Wave length (wa,·e length 1)

<D Antiaircraft machine gun emplacement

---z.... Radio communication Antitank ,:;un emplacement

f1\
------- Messenger communication
:r.t:\ Artillery emplacement

~ Signal lamp communication

r\ Re~erve trench

~ Signal flag communication

~ Covered machine gun emplacement
(general)

E Signal rocket
0 Splinter-proof machine gun emplacement

10. ENGINEER SYMBOLS

~ Reinforced t"arth-and-timber machione gun

•-
a. Tactical positions and fortifications emplacement

~
Reinforced concrete machine gun
Antitank strongpoint
emplacement

* 716403°-46-2
Fire plan Fort

XII-IS
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Shelter (general) )()()(X)()(X Barbt>d wire- fe-nct" (reinforced with stumps.

bushes, etc.)

Light eal,then shelter Antitank ditch

Light shelter ~ Antitank escarpment

Heinforced shelter -<':7;'::::m", Artificial ramparts

CH
Heavy shelter .. ...... Rampart of snow

Reinforced concrete shelter 1111111 Dragons'tee-th

/111111

Armorf'd machine gun turret Tank trap

Comlllunications tren('h Barrier of falle-n timber

_____ .:tr' L L L
Concf'aled commllllications trench 1 L I.. Cut-off timher

Covered commllllications trench J...--f Timber antitank barrier

o 0 0 0
Subterranean cOlllmunications trench o 0 0 Antipersonnel minefield
o 000

••••• • • Antitank minefield

b. Obstacles • • • •
~ Barbed wire (one row)
~ Controlled demolition!!

Barbed wire (three rows) Explosh'e char~es

Barbed wire (ten rows) Df'laved·action mine!!

Low wire- Antipf'rsonnel fra,r;mentation mines

7:1000000 Concertina c Booby trap

Unremovablt- mine

--X-X-)E- Hemo\'ahlf' oh~tacle (knife rest. etc.) ~ Antitank barrier (gent-ral)

~ Electrified harhed wire fence _ _ .....odation

XII-14
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

Earthen dam ~ Dip (2 meters deep, 200 meters long)

Mined bridge I~7~%I Prolonged grade (7 percent)

Flooding ~,o Curve (radiu, 50 mete...)

.AM
Defended river bank 3T) (10 Wooden bridge (length, 10 meters; width. 5
5 meters; load capacity, 3 tons)

~§;~~e"", Defended river crossing Serpentine (15 meters radius)

~---'~)­ Boom~ Road crossing

'> I

c. Camouflage Overpass

Dummy trench and dummy communication Dirt road reinforced witll corduroy (5 meters
trench
, wide, 70 meters long)

Dummy gun 801'?;;o Swampy road reinforced with brushwood

'" cover (6 meters wide, 80 meters long, cO\'er
0.-1-0 meter thick)
Dummy antitank ditc~l
-------
------ Cross-country track

Dummy hridge
:I-
10°1°.15 Muddy road (width, 6 meters; del,.h of mud.
0.15 meter; length, 100 meters)
Screening hedge

Dirt road (hm-way traffic)

Road screens

Dirt road (one-way traffic)

Horizontal screens

W/iIlIl",,1IU Plank road

d. Roads and brid~e~

<J ~;O t> Wooden pipe (trian~ular, 1.5 meters across)
Dirt road (3 meters wide)

Wooden pipe (rectangular. 1.5 meters

~
:8.50: Dirt road (8.5 meters wide, ditches at side) across)

WIO
v-r;-v Surfaced road (gravel road 6 meters wide, ~
1.00
Concrete pipe (I meter in diameter)
rA right of way 10 meters wide)
EM -Macadam
BllI -Concrete Ford (0.7 meter deep. -1-0 meters wide)
qw. -Asphalt

+1.5/100 Surfaced road needing repair (width, 6

Illl'llZtA Fill (1.5 meten high, 100 meters long) meters; length, 1 kilometer)

XII-IS
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Hard-surfaeed road reqUlrmg ma,ior repair Logging area

III{ (width. 6 meters; length. 1.5 meters)

%T@~H 3-ton wooden h."id~p '(requiring reinforce-

ment up to 5-ton capacity)
Gravel quarry

3.50
.0. ...... n
) , VI" Road in bad repair Rock quarry (alternate symbol)
v v "

x XX Destroyed road Boulders in field

) '/\ X X Dug-up and destroyed road Sand quarry

Clay quarry

• • Mined road Spring (flow, 30 liters per minute)

H b Demolition char~es on road

Slone bridge o Piped well

Destroyed bridge Field pumpiJ1~ station

Bridge construeted from standard (TIE) (jlBn400 Water point (capacity of 4-00 liters of puri"
equipment fied water pe." hour)

Bridge (impro\·ised construction)

11. SYMBOLS FOR REAR SERVICES

Steel bridge Supply station

Ferry crossing Arm)' supply depot (Similarly, tank corps

supply I)oint)

Hospital for infectious diseases

Ponton hridge

Field mobile hospital

Ice crossing

SIJell hole (7 mete."s in diameter, 2 meters Railhead field e\'acuatioll point

deep)

Army field \'eterina.")' hospital

e. Local rf'sources

Sand deposit a. Divisional units

Dh'i"ional supply point (similarly, tank

Rock qnar."y
IJrigade "1IJ1pl)' point)

XII-I 6
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430
Divisional det!ontamination platoon
-0-0 A.mmunition· platoon of an artillery battalion
(horse-drawn)

Divisional portable artillery dump Forward echelon of regimental rear services

(second echelon bears No.2)

fiiHT1 Portable quartermaster dump

~ c. Battalion. company, and battery
installations
Ammunition transport company- Battalion ammunition supply point
( motorized)

Divisional fuel point Battalion medical station

Divisional medical point Battalion ration point

Collection and first-aid station for lightly Company ammunition point

wounded

Collection point for damaged motor vehicles Platoon ammunition point

Corps or division ·veterinary hospital

ill First·aid post

® Evacuation t'eclion of a corps or division

veterinary hospital 12. TRAFFIC SIGNS

~ Motorized field bakery

Main traffic control post

A Divisional sanitary battalion

Other traffic control posts

~ Divisional artillery workshop

Auxiliary traffic control post

W Divisional livestock herd

Warning sign

b. Rep;irnental installations
Road sign

-a Regimental ammunition point

Patrol

Ammunition transport platoon of the trans-

port company

Regimental medical station (similarly, tank

brigade medical station)

Forward veterinary station

Regimental veterinary hospital

XII-17
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Section II~: CONVENTIONAL SOVIET SIGNS

(For Military Topographic M aps,
Scale 1:50,000)
1. TOPOGRAPHIC SIGNS

Resort

Barracks
Cities

State farm

....... ,..._._ ..... -

National boundary

Frontier marker

..................................
L"nion-Republic boundary
_-- ..... --
.~
. ~~ Krai,Oblast • an d A utonomous Republic boundaries

Farmhouse-type settlement
(less than 100 households)
Autonomous Oblast bou d
f Obi
(and boundar y o . n ar\l
a s t subordmate to Krai)

~''';--9A --"--"--"-- -~
n ~-~---""-
~ Jly'6 ~noAAy6Ho8
0 .Q •
Q ~ational and a d mmlstrathe
. . district boundary
/~ \; 2S

~ 5)
"
Separate farm households
(grouped under a single sign) County (Rayon) boundary

XII-I 8
15 Oct 46 TM 30-430

P 9 q 9 <;>
?<1>9999
9 Q <1> <;> «
Park Tea plantation Thin forest and parkland

Orchard Tobacco plantation Passable marsh

° oS 0 S 0 Cl
og. tr
00
b1°'S00'S0
o 0 ° 0 c:
L 0°000 L ~
p ~ 0 O 0 ~ 0
i °0
ooog 00
o 0 0 0 0 n L 0 L 00 L
Orchard Truck garden Cut forest
(with mixed growth) ("ith underbrush)

000000-0 .. .. . " " "

o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
100000000000°000
00 Q 00 M u
,.

"
.. ..

",.
n "

..'
• n It II
0000000
00000000
0000000
0 0 Q 0
It • •

°
Nursery or seedlings Bushes Meadow

Iltl~1
"Ir, "",
"II, ,\1(,
"~'I'
\\1(, "I (,

Vineyard Tundra Sand and sand dunes

, . ,.
,.
r
"
,', ,', ,.

..
,.
"
..
' .
,.
"
::1 ,
I
I

Hops Tussocks Peat

S! 1·.E=J
--F1 bI
-t==1 1 '3
Rice plantation
r :I lit

Impassable swamp
(with rushes)

'r 'r 't' i r

i 'f 't 'f
't' 't' 't' t t
Cotton plantation
t
t

Burned forest
t
t

Narrow strips of forest

r
XII-19
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

St'IHlnlte farm households "'u('tories. plants, and mills

(nol to scale) (with smokes lacks)

~('parat(' • barn
IiiJ
Fat·tories
(\\ilholll smokestacks)
l\1a(~hine-truC'lor ,;latiotl
(outside of inhahited plac'e)

1\
.""'I1UII'l'lll fl'/ln'" )'ard l\line or quarry Machine-lrac:lor stalion
(in fun'i'.lll I'oulltries\ (active) (in inhabited placd

,--------.,.

x
~-----,

L___ ~,~:~'______ J
,-.-" ,-----,r---·I
I I I \ \
I I I
II. .... .JL..
11
\ \
_______
I
, \...... JI e
Mine or quarr~'
Destroyed !-t'tt 1t'Il1t'nl Base fuel depol
(inacti\e)

)1onulllcnt
o Ore body Grain elevator

Christian cellwtery Proo:;pcding and placer sitt's Airbasc

[]\f:D
NOIl~Christian c'cJl1ctt"'Y Windmill Radio station
1I11J \\ol).IJ
(!,tolle

~+:+::OA
Ccmcte,'y "ilh H'gctation
t!
Cross or roadside shrint.' Power
x
~nltion
(dra\\ n to seal!')

:\lonastery or ('hun'h
+ Kilometcr post or road sign Post offiC'C"

Chapel • Isolated stonf>:>o Telegraph station

Synagugue
.. ....
~
• • if.
Stones
~
Postal and t~I('~,'a.,h station

o t:J

~O(J

XII-20
:\Iosque
• <)
Pit Central tdt'phone station
15 Oct 46 Tl\I 30-430

C0-
Meteorological station Stone quarry Survey marker
(011 tree)

o
Telephone and telegraph linea Oil seep SIIr\'eV IHarker
(at c~ossroad)

II,

High-tension power lines Isolated stand of trees

- ...
l" nderwater cable
....+

. (elevated) (useful for orientation)

Customs office Evergreen tree Semaphore

(isolatf'd) (useful for orientation)

o
Border-control station Deciduous tree Livestock corral
(isolated)

•
Border-con trol outpost Youn,g: trees Rain pit
(height more than 6 meters) (with brick superetructure)

E1
Quarantine station Mature trees Pass
(height less than 6 meters)

9
Observation points Forester'. house Spring

! OK.
Oil derrick Marker Well
(astronomically located)

•
FiTe lookou t tower
(with water supply)
.8
Bench mark
o
Artesian well
ApM. K

c:J 6
Permanent apiary Bench mark Well
(on mound) (with dipper'

Clay quarry Elevation marker Well

(with windmill)

+-+-+
Sand quarry Survey marker Barbed wire fence

XII-21
TM 30-430 15 Oct 46

Ii
---------
PaH'd highway
Lnies D()ubl(~-tra('k railroad (!>eetion difTielllt to Ilt'gotiate)

iii Iii lii_

Triple-track railroad PaH'd highway

2. ENGINEER SIGNS (under ('onstruction)

Railroad o\·erl'ass Electrified railroad Road

(improved, ditched)

-(==)- Tunnel
_ i ..

lIorse-c~ar
i ..

railroad
i. ------------_ .... _----
Hoad
(seelion of improved, ditched road,
--~

difliellit to n{'~otiale)

x
Culvert
i ..

Electric tranlway
' _

Iml'roH'd, dih·hed road

(under construction)

~1~11-
Passf'nger and freight station
(fir;;t class, with water tower [AI and depot [BI>
-- --
Narrow-gauge railroad
:::::::: 12 .2
Paved hiO'hway
(sho\\ing u,;aLle \dJth)

:==J--c:J--==
Passenger and freight station
(second class) ---
Aerial cable tramway Incline
(10° or greater)
WIIIIII

:=:::J"'u"'C=
Passeng<'r and f~('ight station
IiIiOil! Ii Ii Iii II!
Railroad under constru<'tiun
. . -.
~tone wall
-
(third class) (by uninrproved road)

I I I 1 I II 1 I I I I

Loading platform and siding Dismantled railroad Wooden fence

(by unimproved road)

(
Depot
(~tecl
)VJI~
Bridge
with triple track)
- UnimproH'd rond without dHehing
(s('elion diflieult to ne~otiat(')

• Bridge
)wrw( .
• .·0 ..•....••.••••••••••
................. ..... .
Winter road
(wilh "ingl~ track)

11111111
Sindc·-lrac·k railroad Small bridge Corduroy road

Sing"~-track
(\\ilh
-
~lr('tdH's
railroad
of douhle Ira('l;.)
==~ :::::::t:1t=1==
nriclgc~
(\,ith Iwo-\\ay IraOie)
I I I I Iii I I

XII-22
15 Oct 46 Tl\:I 30-430

~\IH\/~
Hoad Sh'd drawhrid~(' Shual
(\\itl. 1It'<I~l's)

_'-----../
- - >---<-- -~

I'ath and fool hrid~(' Bridgt'

(more tl.all 10 rnt'lt'r" IOllg)

'------"
~

Lall(' Bridge Buuy

\I)('a" <I"t.\ \ ,'hidt'~) li(',,~ than 10 lI;elt'f>' long)

FOIT,.,t trail Lighl,.,hip Su hlllcrged rork

(allilllal,

:"j~>
() () o ..... ~~

\qlladllt'l Slui('C Yisiblc roek

~/
\Yaler pipe or ~c'\{'" Flood land Ford
(ul\d''f~rollnd )

Steel hri(lg(' ------

- ---":-- O. 2-

SI)('ed of ('urrent
~

(ill 1I\('tl'r"-IH'r~"('cond)
_,-x,vr-.~
inh'rnlitt('nl sln'anI
(Ie,..,. than 10 IlIt'ter;; "ide)

\.L-A.-I..-I ,. -:. ::::::::==

~ -::. ..... .....
,..,

StOll(' brid~(· \\ hirlpool IJry !.'rt'eli

;11111111111 < r- .......... ----...

Wooden bridge nt'aeon or lil!hthouse Subterrant'an streanl

Pon ton bridg(·

\J1chorl'd raft
II .1
~ Small Ferry boat
~
II e p
Floating bridge boal
(other than ponton)

Stone drawhridge

Wooden drawln-idge
XII-23