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Cs Lab 1

This document contains a lab report summarizing two exercises on analog communication concepts and amplitude modulation/demodulation circuits. The report lists observations about amplitude modulation, carrier signals, message signals, bandwidth, modulation, demodulation, oscillators, and other circuit components. It concludes that the lab familiarized students with the hardware and modulation/demodulation processes, though the demodulated output was somewhat out of phase and amplified.

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Talha Nasir
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57 views

Cs Lab 1

This document contains a lab report summarizing two exercises on analog communication concepts and amplitude modulation/demodulation circuits. The report lists observations about amplitude modulation, carrier signals, message signals, bandwidth, modulation, demodulation, oscillators, and other circuit components. It concludes that the lab familiarized students with the hardware and modulation/demodulation processes, though the demodulated output was somewhat out of phase and amplified.

Uploaded by

Talha Nasir
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty Member: Ma’m Huma Ghafoor Dated: September 116,2019

Semester: 5th Section: BEE9C

EE351: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS


Lab 01: Analog Communication Concepts, Circuit Board Familiarization
Name Reg. No Viva / Quiz / Analysis Modern Ethics Individual
Lab of data in Tool and and Team
Performance Lab Usage Safety Work
Report

5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks 5 Marks


Musa Jabbar Taib 216346

Danyal Saqib 217551

M. Talha Nasir 222032

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 1


Analog Communication Concepts, Circuit Board Familiarization

Exercise 1-1

Objective:

Understand the concept of Amplitude Modulation


In this lab, we got an introduction to the new apparatus and the software. The goal was to familiarize
ourselves with the hardware, specifically the VCO-HI, VCO-LO, and the Amplitude Modulation
Circuits. A carrier signal would be generated, and along with the message signal, undergo Amplitude
Modulation. The signal would then be recovered, and comparisons would be made to the original
message signal.

Observations:
 How are the many simultaneous radio communications that radiate through space prevented from
interfering with one another.
Each radio communications uses a different carrier frequency
 What is the frequency range of carrier signals
10KHz to 1000 GHz
 What characteristics of the carrier signal is varied by modulation
All three(amplitude,frequency and phase)
 What frequency contains the message signal
The sideband frequencies
 Radio Signals are transmitted by what method
All of above(i-e radiated through space and conducted through a wire)
 What is the process of recovering the message signal from the carrier signal
Demodulation
 What is the channel signal at M on the MODULATOR, the carrier signal or the message signal?
Message Signal.
 When you increased the frequency to 5 kHz, did the signal period (the time between one cycle)
decrease?
Yes.
 When you increased the amplitude of the message signal to 400mvPK-pk, did the period increase,
decrease, or stay constant?
Stays constant.
 What is the signal on channel 2, the carrier signal or the message signal?
Carrier Signal.

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 2


 What type of modulation are you observing on channel 2?
Amplitude Modulation.
 What is the signal on channel 2, the carrier signal or the recovered message signal?
Recovered Message Signal.
 Does the amplitude and frequency of the recovered message signal on the channel 2 change with
the channel 1 message signal?
Yes.

Conclusion:

In this lab, we familiarized ourselves with the hardware, specifically the VCO-HI, VCO-LO, and the
Amplitude Modulation Circuits. The carrier signal and message signal underwent Amplitude
Modulation to form a modulated signal. The signal was then recovered using a filter and an envelope
detector. The recovered signal and original message signal, when compared, gave interesting results.
The received signal was a scaled version of the original message signal. Other than that, they were
exactly the same. Thus, we modulated a signal using a carrier signal, and then successfully recovered it,
gaining a familiarization with the apparatus and the software.

Exercise 1-2

Objective:

Understand the concept of Amplitude Demodulation


In this lab, we used envelop detector to demodulate the previously modulated signal. We got an output
of an amplified message signal.

Observations:
 Carrier signals may have a frequency from 10KHz to 1000GHz.In the PROCEDURE section ,
you used a 1000 KHz carrier signal. What is the frequency range of message signals?
20Hz to 20KHz
 What is the process of combining a message signal with a carrier signal for communication over
a long distance
Modulation
 What type of modulation is shown?
Amplitude modulation.
 In the PROCEDURE section , you modulated a 1000KHz carrier signal with a 2KHz message
signal. What is the bandwidth of the AM signal?
4 KHz

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 3


 In the PROCEDURE section, what function did the ENVELOPE DETECTOR perform?
Demodulation
 What is the function of the oscillators on the circuit board?
They provide the high frequencies that are necessary for transmitting and receiving the low
frequency the low frequency message signal.
 What is the function of a modulator?
It combines the message signal with the carrier signal so that the message can be transmitted at
the higher carrier frequency.
 What is one of the components that is adjusted when you tune into your favorite radio station
A filter that passes the transmission frequency assigned to your favorite station.
 What is the impedance of an LC network at its resonant frequency (f)?
The impedence is resistive and the network’s output signal is maximum.
 What is the function of a detector?
It recovers the message signal.
 On the VCO-LO circuit block set the potentiometer knob completely counterclockwise (CCW).
Does this pot adjust the VCO-LO frequency or the VCO-LO amplitude?
Amplitude.
 What is the function of the NEGATIVE SUPPLY knob?
It adjusts the VCO-LO frequency
 Does the NEGATIVE SUPPLY knob adjust the VCO-LO frequency or the VCO-LO phase?
Frequency
 With channel 1 set to 100mV/DIV, how many vertical oscilloscope graticule divisions will equal
a 300mvPK-pk signal?
Three divisions
 Did the VCO-LO frequency increase or decrease?
Increase.
 With a sweep setting of 0.5us/DIV , how many horizontals oscilloscope graticule divisions equal
one cycle of a 1000 KHz signal?
Two divisions
 With a sweep setting of 0.5 us/DIV, how many horizontal oscilloscope granticule divisions equal
1 cycle of a 452 KHz signal?
4.424 divisions
 What is the function of the POSITIVE SUPPLY knob?
It adjusts the VCO-HI frequency.
 Did the VCO-HI frequency increase or decrease?
Decrease
 With a sweep setting of 0.2us/DIV, how many horizontal oscilloscope granticule divisions equal
one cycle of a 1455Hz signal?
3.436 divisions

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 4


 How many two-post connectors did you use to connect the SSB transmitter circuit?
Three two-post connectors
 Does your SIGNAL GENERATOR connect M and your VCO-LO connect to C on the
MODULATOR, respectively
Yes
 Does your MODULATOR connect to the LSB FILTER
Yes
 Does the VCO-HI circuit block connect to C on the MIXER?
Yes
 Did you connect the TRANSMITTER ,R8,RF,FILTER,RF,AMPLIFIER,MIXER,IF
FILTER,PRODUCT DECTECTOR , and AUDIO FILTER?
Yes
 The AUTOMATIC GAIN CONTROL connects from the PRODUCT DETECTOR output to
what SSB receiver component?
RF Amplifier

Conclusion:
All in all, this lab was a bit difficult and lengthy and we couldn’t complete it in the
allotted time. The output we got through demodulation was also a bit outphased and amplified through
the phase detector.

…………..END…………

EE215: Electronic Devices and Circuits Page 5

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