Cover Sheet

Item Person in Charge

Coordination Irene

Abstract Jauharul Arifin

Introduction Oktavianus Tegar Noel Krisma P

Theory Oktavianus Tegar Noel Krisma P

Experimental Apparatus and Documentation Jauharul Arifin

Experimental Procedure Irene

Presentation of Results Yuyun

Analysis and Discussion of Results Ajeng Nindi and Irene

Conclusions and Recommendations Ajeng Nindi

Reference Material Oktavianus Tegar Noel Krisma P

Appendix 1: Sample Calculation Yuyun

 PHY 2048 General Physics and Calculus Lab Report

Work and Power

By:
Ajeng Nindi Noviarini
Dwi Putri Wahyuningsih
Irine Shafana Jasmine
Jauharul Arifin
Tegar Noel

Section 2
Group 4
Lab Execution Date: July 30, 2019
Submission Date: August 6, 2019
Faculty of Engineering & Technology
Sampoerna University

Abstract
This experiment aimed to explore the work and power required to walk and run through
one-floor stair and also calculated the power and energy burned during these activities. We
want to check whether there is a different result in power needed during walking and running.
In this experiment, the tools needed contain roll meter, bathroom scale, digital stopwatch, and
floor stairs. After that, two students will walk and run upstairs for four times and calculate the
time needed for the activity. After that, the result of the analysis showed that the power
needed for walking lower than the power needed for running.
Keywords: work, force, power, energy, and calories.
Table of Contents
Cover Sheet..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Abstract........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table of Content.......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

List of Table................................................................................................................................4

List of Figure..............................................................................................................................4

Introduction................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Theory and Background.............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

Experimental Apparatus & Instrumentation..............................................................................6

Experimental Procedure............................................................................................................ 7

Presentation of Result..................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Walking Part......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Running Part.........................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Analysis and Discussion of Results.......................................................................................... 10

Conclusion and Recommendations.......................................................................................... 12

References................................................................................................................................ 14

Appendix I: Sample Calculation.............................................................................................. 15

List of Table
Table 1. Student A (Walking)..................................................................................................................7

Table 2. Student B (Walking).................................................................................................................. 7

Table 3. Walking Part.............................................................................................................................. 8

Table 4. Student A (Running)..................................................................................................................8

Table 5. Student B (Running)................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 6. Running Part.............................................................................................................................. 9

List of Figure
Figure 1. Roll meter...................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 2. Bathroom scale.......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 3. Digital Stopwatch....................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

Figure 4. Floor stairs..................................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

Introduction
In life humans must always do something. To do something there must be something
issued to influence or do something. That is energy. It also has a relationship with work and
also power. They have an attachment to one another. In this observation, our group is
experimenting with walking and running up and down stairs, looking for how much work and
power is needed to do that. Also, our group is looking for how much energy has been
expended or burned to carry out road and run exploration. In this experiment, we observe
what the relationship is about these energy, work, and also power.

Theory and Background

In this experiment, our group learned about energy, work, and also power. Energy is one
of the important things in this experiment. Energy is also one of the important things in our
universe. Energy cannot be seen in plain view, but we can measure that energy. Energy has
several units, but one of the groups we will use is calorie. Calorie can generally be
abbreviated as cal. One calorie is conceptually the energy expended to raise the temperature
of 1 gram of water from 14.5 to 15.5 degrees Celsius. Calorie also has a relationship with
nutritional values and food. Calorie in nutritional values and food is symbolized by (Cal) but
if other than nutritional values, calorie is symbolized by (cal). There is a conversion between
Cal and Cal, i.e.
1 Cal = 1000 cal
After that, in this experiment the units used for energy are joules. Joules equal to the
work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves one meter in the
direction of action of the force, equivalent to one 3600th of a watt-hour. Joule also has a
relation between Cal and Cal.
1 cal = 4.19 Joule
1 Cal = 4190 Joule
Then, in this experiment, we also learn about work. Work is the result of how much
effort or force has been expended and multiplied by how far the distance has been traveled.
The unit of work is joule. Work can be formulated as
W=Fd
 After that, in this experiment we also learn about power. In physics, power is the rate
of doing work or of transferring heat, i.e. the amount of energy transferred or converted per
unit time. The unit of power is watt. Power can be formulated as
P = work done / time interval.
Watt = Joule / second.

Experimental Apparatus & Instrumentation

The apparatus used in this experiment was served to help the student experimenting. It
consists of four kinds of things which are a stopwatch, roll meter, bathroom scale, and stair
floor. The tools have a different function. First, roll meter in figure 1 has a function to
measure the displacement of the stair that will be used for the track of this experiment.
Second, the bathroom scale in figure 2 used to measure the mass of student A and student B
that walk and run on the stair. Third, a digital stopwatch in figure 3 used to calculate the time
needed for one time to walk or run through the stair. And the last was the floor stair in figure
4 used as the track of this experiment.

Figure 1. Roll meter Figure 2. Bathroom scale

Figure 3. Digital stopwatch figure Figure 4. Floor stair

Experimental Procedure
This experiment was divided into two procedures, which was needed two students
and the same instruments as a digital stopwatch, the bathroom scale, roll meter, and floor
stairs. Before starting the two procedures, we need two students, student A and B. Then, use
the bathroom scale to measure the students mass in kg. After that, measure a vertical height of
stairs with a rolling meter. Next, after done to do that instruction, there is two procedures
should we do.
First, prepare the digital stopwatch and start it when the students climbing up the
stairs. Just walk. Stop the digital stopwatch if the students up to the top. Repeat until 4 times.
Second, prepare the digital stopwatch and start it when the students run on the stairs.
The students should be running until up the top and stop the digital stopwatch. Repeat until 4
times.

Presentation of Results
Student A (Oktavianus Tegar Noel K.P)

 Mass = 42.7 kg
  Weight ( mass × gravity (9.8 )) = 418.46 N

Student B (Ajeng Nindi Noviarini)

 Mass = 48.6 kg
 Weight ( mass × gravity (9.8 )) = 476.3 N

Vertical height of stair case = 3.74 m

Walking Part

Table 1. Student A (Walking)

Trial 1 2 3 4 Average
Time (sec) 13 13.8 13.4 12.5 13.2

Table 2. Student B (Walking)

Trial 1 2 3 4 Average
Time (sec) 15.4 14.5 14.1 13.9 14.5

Work = student weight × vertical height

Energy in Joules = work

늀䃂 䘀 늀 香䁘 䃂
Energy in cal = th

늀䃂 䘀 늀 香䁘 䃂
Energy in Cal = h

香
Power = 䃂 䃂 香� 䃂

Table 3. Walking Part

Student A Student B
Work (Joules) 1565.04 1781.29
Power (Watt) 118.56 112.85
Energy in Joules (Joules) 1565.04 1781.29
Energy in cal (cal) 373.52 425.13
Energy in Cal (Cal) 0.37 0.43
Running Part

Table 4. Student A (Running)

Trial 1 2 3 4 Average
Time (sec) 5.6 5 5 5 5.2

Table 5. Student B (Running)

Trial 1 2 3 4 Average
Time (sec) 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.9 7.1

Work = student weight × vertical height

Energy in Joules = work

늀䃂 䘀 늀 香䁘 䃂
Energy in cal = th

늀䃂 䘀 늀 香䁘 䃂
Energy in Cal = h

香
Power = 䃂 䃂 香� 䃂

Table 6. Running Part

Student A Student B
 Work (Joules) 1565.04 1781.29
Power (Watt) 300.97 250.89
Energy in Joules (Joules) 1565.04 1781.29
Energy in cal (cal) 373.52 425.13
Energy in Cal (Cal) 0.37 0.43

Analysis and Discussion of Results

In this experiment, the work force was divided by 2 section which make a differ just a
technique to do it. The technique are walking and running. For all apparatus and experimental
still use same method like needed floor stairs, digital stopwatch, bathroom scale, and roll
meter. Then, for method to calculate the average walking time, work, energy, power, and food
energy in call, there is no different among a walking and running. Although, we use same two
students to do this experiment but they have a different mass. This experiment will show a
different results between two students and techniques.
When doing the first try, walk. We used two students, student A and student B. Before
we started our experiment, we started by measuring the vertical height of the stairs with a
meter and the results were 3.74 cm. Both students must conduct an experiment, walk, up to 4
times. For student A the average time to do is 13.2 seconds, and for student B the average
time to do is 14.5 seconds. Sufficient results affect other results. For example, power requires
average time as divided by work. The power obtained by student A is 118.56 watts because
the work result is 1565.04 joules. Then, the power obtained by student B is 112.85 watts
because the work result is 1781.29 joules. Different results in mass, strength, and labor can
affect other results. This table experiment has 3 energy parts. First, the energy in joules where
student A gets the result is 1565.04 joules and student B gets the result is 1781.29 joules.
Second, energy in cal. Student A gets 373.52 cal, but Student B gets 425.13 cal. Finally,
energy in Cal. Actually, cal and Cal are different meanings that make us unable to get the
same results about this. Student A gets the energy yield in Cal is 0.37 Cal and student B gets
the result is 0.43 Cal.
After that, our group conducts the second experiment to determine the power done and
energy burned by running up the stairway for one floor. In this second experiment, we still
use the same student A and B. Student A has a mass of 42.7 kg and student B has a mass of
48.6 kg. From the known mass, we can determine its weight using the mass formula
multiplied by its gravity. The weight obtained from student A is 418,887 N and student
weight B is 476,766 N. We also know the vertical height of the staircase here is 3.74 cm. We
know the vertical height of the staircase here because we measure the staircase using a tool
called the meter roll. We did this running upstairs experiment 4 times. In the first trial, student
A only needed 5.6 seconds to run while student B needed 7.4 seconds. In the second trial,
student A only needed 5.0 seconds to run while student B needed 7.2 seconds. In the third
trial, student A only needed 5.0 seconds to run while student B needed 6.2 seconds. In the
fourth trial, student A only needed 5.0 second to run while student B needed 6.9 seconds.
From these four trials, we can get average time running from students A and B. Student A's
average time is 5.125 second while student B is 28.45 second. In this experiment, to find out
the energy in joules we must find the work by using the weight formula multiplied by the
vertical height of the staircase. So that, we can determine work done by student A is 1565.04
joules and work done by student B is 1781.29 joules. Here, the results of the work are the
same as the energy in joules. Besides work, we also determine power by using the formula P
= work done / time interval. From here, we can get student power A and student B, for student
A is 300. 97 watts and student B is 250.89 watts. As we know, in table part II running upstairs
we must determine the energy in cal and food energy in Cal. In the lab module, it is written
that 1 cal = 4.19 joules so to determine the energy in cal is energy in joules divided by 4.19
joules. Energy in cal for student A is 373.52 cal and the result for student B is 425.13 cal. In
the lab module, it is written that 1 Cal = 4190 joules. We can use from that information to find
food energy in Cal. The formula is energy in joules divided by 4190 joules. Food energy in
Cal for student A is 0.37 Cal and the result for student B is 0.43 Cal.

In this paragraph we will do discussing and analyzing the answer from the question.
The first question asked about “is there a difference in power done walking and power done
running upstairs and why?” From our presentation of result we can know if there is different
in power done by walking and running. It happened because when the student did the
experiment by walking, they need more time than done it by running. We know this from the
formula of power which is

It can be analyzed if the time needed longer. It will get lower number of power if the
time measured short. It will result in higher number of power. In the second question asked
about “Is there a limit how high the student power done can go? Explain.” From our
experiment in lab there is a limit how high the student power done can go. The student has
different number of speed for each other. If the students push the maximum speed of her or
him they will get the minimum number of time to travel in some distance. The lower number
of time will makes the power higher because time inversely proportional with power. In the
third question asked about “Normally slower moving person would develop less power than
faster moving student. Can you describe the situation in which a slower moving student can
develop more power than faster moving student.” Our answer is to make the slower moving
person has higher power than faster person is increase the work of slower moving person. It
can be added the force or increase the displacement. In the fourth asked about “If a student
had a single peanut before this lab, how many times would a student have to run upstairs in
order to burn the energy from a single peanut? A single peanut has the energy of 5 Calories =
5000 cal = 20.95 kJ. From that question we can know if single peanut has 5000 cal = 20.59 kJ
and from the table in presentation of result we know if 1 time run the stair = 1566.44 J (A
student). So, from the information given we can divide between single peanut energy and 1
time run the stair.

So, the student needs 14 times to run upstairs to have the same value to burn the
energy from a single peanut. In the fifth question asked about “Which requires more work:
lifting a 50 kg box vertically for distance of 2 m, or lifting a 25 kg box vertically for a
distance of 4 meters. From that question we can know there is a box A which lifting a 50 kg
box vertically for distance of 2 m and box B which lifting a 25 kg box vertically for a distance
of 4 meters. From the information that given in the question we can calculated that use work
formula.

First, we calculated box A use formula. Second, we calculated box B use formula. So,
the work required to lift both box is same which is 981 J.

Conclusion and Recommendations

In the fifth experimental lab, the student will know more about energy, work, and
power in physics in physics. In the first activities, the students were asked to
determine the work and power required to walk upstairs. In the second activity, the
students were asked to work and needed to run upstairs. Moreover, the students are
asked to determine the energy burned during that exercise. The result of laboratory
analysis, the value of power obtained when student A and student B walked upstairs
and when student A and student B running upstairs had different results but had the
same work or energy value. When student A and student B walked upstairs, the power
value obtained by student A was 118.56 watts while the power value obtained by
student B was 112.85 watts. When student A and Student B run upstairs, the power
value obtained by student A is 300.97 watts while the power value obtained by
student B 250.89 watts. Furthermore, the work value obtained by student A and
student B both they walk or running still same namely student A is 1565.04 J while
the value of work or energy obtained by student B is 1781.29 J. Based on data
analysis, in the activity student A burns 0.37 Calories while student B burns 0.43
Calories are either done by walking or done by running upstairs.

For recommendations, students must use the meter in the lab this time. The
meter here is used to measure the vertical height of the staircase. Make sure that
students can read the meter correctly and carefully. Do not misread the meter or
misread the meter because it will affect the next calculation. If possible, student A and
student B when pressing the star and finish buttons on the stopwatch are precise when
they start walking or running on the stairs. Before the lab experiment starts, make sure
that students understand the lab procedures that are also very important so that they
can get lab results easily. If students don't understand or the program doesn't know it
at all, it will make them difficult during laboratory experiments.
References

[1] "What is a Joule? - Definition from Techopedia", Techopedia.com, 2019. [Online].

Available: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1742/joule. [Accessed: 05- Aug- 2019].
[2] "What’s the Definition of Work in Physics, and How Do You Calculate It?", ThoughtCo,
2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.thoughtco.com/work-2699023. [Accessed: 05- Aug-
2019].
[3] "Power", Physicsclassroom.com, 2019. [Online]. Available:
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Power. [Accessed: 05- Aug-
2019].
Appendix I: Sample Calculation