Silicone Sealants Manual: Perfect Joints Made Easy
Silicone Sealants Manual: Perfect Joints Made Easy
Silicone Sealants Manual: Perfect Joints Made Easy
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Applications
WACKER Silicone Sealants Versatile Silicone Sealants We’re Here to Help You!
There are things that make you wonder As a globally leading manufacturer of
– General-purpose and tailored how you ever managed without them. silicone sealants, WACKER has extensive
solutions Prime examples are silicone sealants, technological expertise in general-purpose
– Broad application range which have developed into indispens- and tailored solutions. For over fifty years,
– Consistently high quality able, versatile products for an extremely the company has invested strongly in
– Easy to process broad application range over some fifty R&D, so that a wide range of time-tested,
– Technical support years. Whether on building sites, in the innovative silicone sealants is now at
field of sanitary applications and fittings, your disposal. Our fully integrated silicone
window construction, metal or plastic production, based on a reliable raw
construction, in the household or DIY materials supply, is the foundation for the
sectors – silicone sealants are used consistently high and dependable quality
everywhere. They seal joints reliably standard. You can equally depend on
and ensure the weatherproof joining of our global presence, comprehensive
structural components. At the same time, advice and technical support. We
silicone sealants prevent construction expect not just our products to stand
elements locking together. They con- out, but also our overall performance.
tribute to long-lasting quality, obtained
in a particularly quick and easy manner. This manual is designed to help you
get the best work results, because it
WACKER Represents Quality covers key information on the appli-
Nothing is perfect. That is why WACKER cations, processing and properties of
is constantly improving its silicone WACKER silicone sealants. If you have
sealants. Today’s high-tech silicone any further questions, please contact
sealants have to meet the strictest our technical service team.
specifications: optimum adhesion,
extreme aging resistance to outside
influences, and long-term functionality.
As a user, you particularly benefit
from the fact that WACKER RTV-1
silicone sealants are ready to process,
which makes them especially easy,
economical and time-saving to use.
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IN THESE AREAS, SILICONE SEALANTS
ARE ABOVE ALL ONE THING:
INDISPENSABLE
1 Housing WACKER silicone sealants can be used In windows and glazing, different materi-
2 Windows and glazing both inside and outside: als, with different properties, come into
3 Sanitary applications and fittings – Facade joints contact with one another. WACKER
4 Roofing and roof plumbing – Natural stone joints (important: to silicone sealants are suitable for every
5 DIY avoid staining, choose the sealant to application:
match the type of natural stone) – Perimeter sealing
– Construction profile glass joints – Window sealing
– Connection joints between the – Roof glazing
construction material and functional – Greenhouse glazing
elements – Swimming pool glazing
– Connection joints in cellars – Joining of display windows
– Movement joints in garages – Fire safety glazing
– Outdoor floor joints for balconies,
roof terraces, patios
– Indoor floor joints between the floor
covering and wall
– Indoor corner butt joints where walls
meet
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Applications
Sanitary applications Roofs/roof plumbing Hobbies/DIY
WACKER silicone sealants for sanitary The roof is another place where different The unique benefits of WACKER silicone
applications are tailored to withstand the materials such as masonry, sheet metal sealants come to the fore in a wide range
stresses from moisture, and mechanical or copper meet. WACKER has therefore of DIY applications:
and chemical effects. The products are developed silicone sealants exactly tailored – Renovation work
resistant against mold growth. They are to variable adhesion characteristics. – Car repairs
suitable for: Applications include: – Sealing for boat construction, on boat
– Joints between wall and floor – Joints between the roofing and any decks and at portholes
– Joints in the corners of walls abutting components – Bonding of glass panes for the con-
– Joints between sanitary fittings, wall – Joints on pipe passages struction of small aquariums
and floor (e.g. washbasins, bathtubs,
showers and toilets)
– Joints in the kitchen (such as at walls,
floors, work surfaces and cookers)
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YOUR PROOF OF UNCOMPROMISING
QUALITY: WACKER SILICONE SEALANTS
Curing rate
y
Layer thickness [mm]
40 °C/100 % r.h.
18
16
14
12
23 °C/50 % r.h.
10
8
50 °C/15 % r.h.
6
4
5 °C/30 % r.h.
2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x
Time [mm]
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THE MOST IMPORTANT FIRST:
DESIGNING JOINTS
Joint spacing Joint width Joint width Joint sealant depth*** Joint sealant depth***
Nominal size* b mm Min. size** bmin mm d mm Dimensional tolerances mm
Up to 2 m 15 10 8 ±2
2 to 3.5 m 20 15 10 ±2
3.5 to 5 m 25 20 12 ±2
5 to 6.5 m 30 25 15 ±3
6.5 to 8 m 35 30 15 ±3
* Nominal design dimension Recommendations for outer wall joints between in-situ
** Min. size at start of joint sealing and/or prefabricated concrete elements with closed joints,
*** The quoted volumes apply to the final state. as well as unplastered masonry and/or natural stone in
The volume change of the joint sealant must also be accordance with DIN 18 540.
taken into account.
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Joint dimensioning Compressive and tensile forces Shear forces
a b
Processing
b joint width Silicone sealant
d sealant depth Backing material
General Temperature changes cause construction The sealant must adhere well to the
– Joint width : joint depth = 2 : 1 elements to move. This alters the joint surfaces that are being joined. The
– Chamfer the edges of concrete ele- dimensions. The elastic silicone sealant resultant tensile, compressive and shear
ments to a > 10 mm. This prevents in the joint compensates for these forces must not cause the sealant to
adhesion of the sealant on all sides movements. detach from the joint surfaces.
of the joints.
– Masonry construction elements must
be produced with completely filled
joints.
– Smooth off the masonry joints to
produce a flush surface.
– In special cases, such as dark walls,
increase the values given in the table
by 10–30 %.
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PERFECT JOINTS DEMAND CARE:
STEP BY STEP
Clean surface with a cloth Mask joint edges Insert backing material
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Apply sealant from a cartridge Smooth the sealant Remove masking tape
Processing
Applying Silicone Sealant Smoothing a Joint Removing Masking Tape
WACKER RTV-1 silicone sealants are Press the sealant and smooth it so as to After the preceding steps, remove the
applied manually or by machine. Use a make good contact with the surfaces to masking tape. Joint sealing is complete.
hand gun or compressed-air gun for be joined. Remove any cured or uncured silicone
cartridges, and hydraulic extruders for – Avoid using tooling agent if possible. rubber residue on the surfaces as fol-
larger drums. – The tooling agent must be neutral. lows.
It may not stain the sealant or adjacent
Important: elements. Nor may it leave behind any Removing Silicone Rubber
– Stay within the primer’s prescribed film so as to prevent diagonal cracks – Use a spatula, paper or a cloth to
open time (flash-off time). forming when the sealant expands. remove uncured silicone sealant.
– Introduce sealant evenly and without – Use a solvent such as white spirit,
bubbles. methylethyl ketone or ethanol to
– Apply sealant into vertical joints wipe off the residue. Follow safety
from top to bottom. This prevents instructions.
condensation water or rain water – Clean processing equipment before
from collecting. the silicone rubber cures.
– Processing temperature: – Leave the cured silicone sealant to
from 5 to 40 °C swell in solvent, then remove it
mechanically.
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WITH THE RIGHT TECHNIQUE,
YOUR JOINT SEALING WILL FIT:
PERFECTLY
The lateral joint surfaces must satisfy Incorrect butt joint: Correct butt joint:
Unfavorable three-side adhesion Unimpeded expansion movements
structural, functional and processing
demands. For optimum sealing, use
the correct technique for each type
of joint. Also keep to the processing
guidelines for the sealant in use.
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Incorrect connection joint: Correct connection joint: Connection Joints
Sealant sags unfavorably Backing material gives the sealant grip
Connection joints are formed by tri-
angular chamfered edges. The two
surfaces to be bonded meet at an edge.
It is important that these surfaces do
not meet deep within the joint and that
the sealant cannot sag. You can avoid
this by inserting PE backer rods into the
tip of the triangular chamfer. Then you
can make the joint.
Processing
Incorrect shear joint: Correct shear joint: Shear Joints
Sealant adheres on 3 sides and sags Backing material for correct sealing
The surfaces in shear joints move parallel
to one another. This may cause three-
sided adhesion of the sealant and cause
it to sag deep into the joint. To achieve
optimum joint sealing, insert PE rods as
backing material before jointing. The
joint thus stays in the correct shape and
is sealed reliably, and the elements can
move freely.
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ONLY PROFESSIONALLY MADE
SANITARY JOINTS FUNCTION PROPERLY:
PERMANENTLY
Silicone sealants in bathrooms and Bathtub connection joint with backing Bathtub connection joint with backing
material – version 1 material – version 2
kitchens must not only compensate
for movements between structural
elements. They also have to meet
a variety of different demands.
Functional and long-lasting sanitary
joints therefore require specialty
sealants and a professional jointing
technique.
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Triangular joint with adhesion on all sides, Floor/wall joint as border joint with Floor/wall joint as border joint with
without backing backing – version 1 backing – version 2
Processing
Correct Triangular Joint Correct Border Joints between the The structural design does not, however,
Joints that undergo just slight move- Floor and Wall always make this possible. Simple trian-
ments can be designed as triangular Joints between the floor and walls often gular joints are formed instead.
joints. These include connection joints undergo considerable movements due In this case, be careful not to exceed
in vertical corners of washrooms and to construction subsidence or shrinkage the sealant’s movement capability,
connection joints to washbasins and of, for example, the screed. When otherwise adhesion losses may occur.
toilets. designing this kind of joint, always use
backing material to avoid three-sided
adhesion.
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FOR ALL-ROUND WEATHERPROOF
WINDOW JOINTS: HOW TO DO IT
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Sealing and bonding of aluminum Profiled glazing
windowsills
Processing
WACKER silicone sealants offer
outstanding properties for all window
applications:
– Excellent weatherability
– Superior UV resistance
– Optimum material compatibility
– High elasticity
– Low shrinkage
– Special adhesion properties
– Good mechanical values
– High aging resistance
– Ideal tooling characteristics
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COMBINING PRACTICALITY AND
APPEARANCE: FACADE JOINTS
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WACKER SILICONE SEALANTS MEET
YOUR DEMANDS: IDEAL PROPERTIES
RTV-1 Silicone Sealants Weathering and Aging Resistance This will depend on the actual material
Unlike other joint fillers, silicone sealants in use.
– One-component sealants have the best resistance to weathering – Glass, ceramic, paint and surface
– Curing on contact with atmospheric and aging – lasting for up to several coatings: do not prime
humidity decades. Not even years of open-air – Porous substances exposed to
– Permanently flexible silicone rubber weathering will change their physical moisture: prime
– Combination of good properties properties. – Smooth plastics, metals:
– Wide product range key and prime
– Customized products Extreme Temperature Resistance – No lasting adhesion to substrates
– Large range of colors The elastic properties of silicone sealants with migrating constituents
– Easy processing stay almost constant between -40 °C (plasticizers, bitumen, oils etc.)
and +100 °C. This is a major advantage
over sealants made of organic polymers. Chemical Resistance
In consequence, silicone sealants can Cured RTV-1 silicone sealant products
very readily compensate temperature- are resistant to the action of many
induced movements of structural ele- chemicals, such as weak acids and
ments. alkalis, polar solvents and salt solutions.
Silicone sealants swell in solvents such
Silicone sealants have excellent resist- as ketones, esters, ethers, aliphatic,
ance to high temperatures. Specialty aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
grades are even permanently resistant Once the solvent has evaporated, the
to temperatures up to +250 °C. It is sealant re-assumes its original form.
important to let the silicone rubber cure
completely before it is exposed to high Electrical Properties
temperatures. The volume resistivity, dielectric strength,
dielectric constant and dissipation factor
The movement capability is the sum of tan of silicone sealants have only slight
the elongation and compression of a temperature dependency. They conse-
sealant while in use. For silicone sealants, quently behave more advantageously
it varies from 20 to 25 % of the initial at higher temperatures than conventional
joint width, as measured in accordance elastomeric insulation materials. On
with ISO 11 600. burning, they leave behind a non-con-
ductive silica residue. This is the reason
Adhesion for their excellent tracking resistance.
Silicone sealants adhere very well to a Thanks to their hydrophobic properties,
great many substrates without primer pre- silicone sealants do not substantially
treatment. In some cases, pretreatment alter their electrical values even if con-
with a primer (page 10) is necessary. ditioned in water.
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Gas and Water Vapor Permeability As a result of the effects of weather at Application Restrictions
At room temperature, silicone sealant is low temperatures and the considerable – Silicone sealants may stain on contact
10x more permeable to gas than natural elongation of construction elements at with organic elastomers such as
rubber. At 100 –150 °C, the values con- high temperatures, it is advisable to EPDM and Neoprene.
verge. The water-vapor permeability, as process silicone sealants at temperatures – Sanitary sealant grades containing
determined in accordance with DIN 53122 between 5 and 40 °C, as specified in fungicides must not be used to
under climatic conditions D and a film DIN 18 540. construct aquariums.
thickness of 2 mm, is about 20 g/m2 d. – Acetate-curing sealants are not com-
Compatibility with Coating patible with alkaline substrates such
Anti-Microbial Characteristics Compounds as mortar, concrete and corrosion-
Use only fungicidal grades of silicone Do not paint over the entire surface of sensitive metals.
sealant for sanitary applications. They silicone sealants. Most coatings are less – Silicone sealants do not adhere to
are resistant to mildew infestation. All elastic than the sealant. So if the sealant polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene.
the same, fungi can accumulate on the stretches more than the coating, the – Standard silicones may not be used to
surface of dirty silicone sealants, parti- coating may tear. Movement joints should join sensitive natural stones such as
cularly in warm and moist conditions therefore only be painted over if the marble, granite or quartz, as this may
occurring in bathrooms and kitchens. sealant movement does not exceed 5 %. cause staining at the joint edges.
This causes discolored patches on the The sealant must always be compatible – On contact with prestressed polyacrylic
sealant surface, but does not alter its with the coating (documentary support and polycarbonate components,
mechanical properties. The growth of to be provided in compliance with silicone sealants may cause stress
mildew on joints can be prevented by DIN 52 452 Part 4). cracking.
regular cleaning and adequate room
ventilation. Thermal Conductivity Specialty Solutions
The thermal conductivity of silicone Furthermore, WACKER offers tried-and-
Physiological Behavior sealants depends on the type and tested product solutions for specialty
Cured silicone sealants pose no physi- amount of fillers used. It varies from applications such as fire safety. If you
ological risks. Specialty ELASTOSIL® 0.15 to 0.25 W K-1 m-1 at room have any questions, WACKER’s techni-
grades are available for applications temperature (DIN 52 612). cal service team will be happy to help
involving food and drinking water contact. you.
Storage Stability
Gunnability and Curing If stored in airtight containers in dry
RTV-1 silicone sealants are ready for conditions at temperatures below 25 °C,
use. On contact with atmospheric humi- the shelf life of WACKER silicone
dity, the incorporated crosslinker and sealants ranges from 9 to 24 months.
the polymer react together and the
sealant cures to form an elastic silicone
rubber. This is why silicone sealants are
supplied in moisture-proof packaging.
Properties
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STANDARDS AND QUALITY
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