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Video For Linux 2 V 4 L 2: by Rahul C Alphaics Corp

Video for Linux (V4L2) is a device driver framework that allows applications to capture video from video capture devices and display video output on devices. It uses a dual-layer model with a videodev module as the upper layer that is registered as a character device. Beneath it are the actual V4L2 driver modules. The videodev module provides a common API for applications to control devices and stream video via ioctl calls to enumerate controls, adjust settings like brightness and contrast, queue and dequeue buffers for capturing and playing video.

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72 views15 pages

Video For Linux 2 V 4 L 2: by Rahul C Alphaics Corp

Video for Linux (V4L2) is a device driver framework that allows applications to capture video from video capture devices and display video output on devices. It uses a dual-layer model with a videodev module as the upper layer that is registered as a character device. Beneath it are the actual V4L2 driver modules. The videodev module provides a common API for applications to control devices and stream video via ioctl calls to enumerate controls, adjust settings like brightness and contrast, queue and dequeue buffers for capturing and playing video.

Uploaded by

Rahul C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as ODP, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Video for Linux

2
V 4 L
2
Fig.Interaction between User app &
V4L2 driver
It is a dual layered driver system of which the upper
layer is videodev module.The videodev module is
registered as a character device with major number Fig. Capture Flow Diagram
81. Beneath videodev is the V4L2 drivers module source : VVDN Technologies
User Controls
● BRIGHTNESS
● CONTRAST
● HUE
● WHITENESS
● SHARPNESS
● BACKLIGHT COMPENSATION
Etc.
● Enumerate controls :
int ioctl(int fd, int VIDIOC_QUERYCTRL, struct v4l2_queryctrl *argp)
● Changing controls :
int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp)
int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp)
struct v4l2_control //videodev2.h
{
__u32 id;
__s32 value;
};
High Brightness image Low Brightness image
Low Contrast image High Contrast image
Normal Hue image Abnormal Hue image
Capturing Image
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_QBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)
To enqueue an empty (capturing) buffer in the driver's incoming
queue
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMON, const int *argp)
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_STREAMOFF, const int *argp)
The VIDIOC_STREAMON and VIDIOC_STREAMOFF ioctl
start and stop the capture
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_DQBUF, struct v4l2_buffer *argp)
Applications call the VIDIOC_DQBUF ioctl to dequeue a filled
(capturing)buffer from the driver’s outgoing queue.
Fig.Data Exchange Between Driver and User Space Application
(source: lwn.net)
Reading and Storing Captured
Image
● int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,fd_set
*exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
Allows a program to monitor multiple file descriptors, waiting until one or
more of the file descriptors become "ready" for some class of I/O
operation without blocking
Alternative to ‘select’ is ‘poll’ system call
Note : ‘ select ‘ is usually called before VIDIOC_DQBUF
● ssize_t write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count);
buf(memory mapped User space storage)= Storage where captured
data is present
fd(new dest. file) = File where image data has to be stored
Other important IOCTLs
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_INPUT, int *argp) : Query the current video input
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_INPUT, int *argp) : Select the current video input
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_ENUMINPUT, struct v4l2_input *argp) : Enumerate
video inputs
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_AUDIO, struct v4l2_audio *argp) : Query the
current audio input and its attributes
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_S_AUDIO, const struct v4l2_audio *argp) : Select
the current audio input and its attributes
● int ioctl(int fd, VIDIOC_G_CTRL, struct v4l2_control *argp) : Used to
adjust AUTOFOCUS
control(struct v4l2_ext_control variable).id = V4L2_CID_FOCUS_AUTO
● List of important headers:
........./linux/videodev2.h
● List of important V4L2 utilities CLI commands:
v4l2-ctl –list-devices : To check available webcams
v4l2-ctl –all : Lists all V4L2 details
v4l2-ctl –set-fmt-video=width=640,height=480,pixelformat=0 : Used to set height and width
of frame
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video0 –list-formats-ext : Lists the available Picture formats
fswebcam -d v4l2:/dev/video0 -i 0 –list-controls : To display controls current value and range
v4l2-ctl –get-priority : Query the current access priority [VIDIOC_G_PRIORITY]
v4l2-compliance -d /dev/video0 : Tool to test v4l2 API compliance of drivers
v4l2-ctl –get-ctrl=white_balance_temperature : Example to get current value of user controls
● List of some raw image file formats(contains minimally
processed data from the image sensor):
.pef .ptx (Pentax)
.pxn (Logitech)
.R3D (RED Digital Cinema)
.raf (Fuji)
.raw .rw2 (Panasonic)
.raw .rwl .dng (Leica)
.rwz (Rawzor)
.srw (Samsung)
.x3f (Sigma)
● Sources:
Linux TV (https://linuxtv.org)
NXP Semiconductors
LWN.NET(https://lwn.net/)
Nvidia
VVDN Technologies
THANK YOU

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