27-08-2019

Client-Server Computing

• single-user PCs or workstations that provide a highly user-friendly

interface to the end user
• The server provides a set of shared user services to the clients
• The server enables many clients to access shared resources (e.g. a large
database).
• The server typically runs on a cloud or a high-performance computer
system.
• The server is a database server responsible for maintaining the database
• Interaction between client and server is in the form of transactions
• the client makes a database request and receives a database response

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By G Parthasarathy M.E, Ph.D.,

Client-Server Computing

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 27-08-2019

Client-Server Computing

• Client-Server Architecture
• Architecture defines that where application is running, where database is
residing & how client are connected to it
• Types Of Client-Server Architecture:-
• One-Tier Architecture
• Two-Tier Architecture
• Three-Tier Architecture
• N-Tier Architecture

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Client-Server Computing
• 1 tier Architecture
The simplest of Database Architecture are 1 tier where the Client, Server, and Database
all reside on the same machine. Anytime you install a DB in your system and access it to
practice SQL queries it is 1 tier architecture. But such architecture is rarely used in
production.
• 2-tier Architecture
A two-tier architecture is a database architecture where Presentation layer runs on a
client (PC, Mobile, Tablet, etc) Data is stored on a Server.
An application interface which is called ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) an API
which allows the client-side program to call the DBMS. Today most of the DBMS offers
ODBC drivers for their DBMS. 2 tier architecture provides added security to the DBMS
as it is not exposed to the end user directly.
• Example of Two-tier Architecture is a Contact Management System created using MS-
Access.
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 27-08-2019

Client-Server Computing
• 3-Tier Architecture
• This DBMS architecture contains an Application layer between the user and the DBMS,
which is responsible for communicating the user's request to the DBMS system and
send the response from the DBMS to the user.
• The application layer(business logic layer) also processes functional logic, constraint,
and rules before passing data to the user or down to the DBMS
• Three tier architecture is the most popular DBMS architecture.
• User Interface Presentation Tier- The presentation tier is the front end layer ,this tier is
often built on web technologies such as HTML5, JavaScript, CSS,
• Application Tier- The application tier contains the functional business logic which
drives an application’s core capabilities. It’s often written in Java, .NET, C#, Python, C++,
etc.
• Data Tier- The data tier comprises of the database/data storage system and data access
layer. Examples of such systems are MySQL, Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MongoDB,
etc. By G Parthasarathy M.E, Ph.D.,
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Client-Server Computing
• 3-Tier Architecture

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Client-Server Computing
• BENEFITS OF CLIENT-SERVER MODEL
• Divides Application Processing across different machines
• Non –critical data & functions are processed on client machines.
• Critical data & functions are processed on server machines.
• It optimizes server for data processing & storage. It reduces data redundancy.
• It scales horizontally where multiple server are there. Each server has its own capability
or processing power ,therefore ,processing can be done in distributed manner.
• It scales vertically where it can be move to more powerful machines such as mainframe
computers, to take advantage of larger system performance.
• Users can Logon to client and can use any application provided that User ID has these
privileges. Anyone can use any application anywhere. So, clients can be set as multiple
tasking.
• The transaction of data, application owning can be monitor, observed or managed or
valuable support is provided from central location. So, Client server computing
supports central management. By G Parthasarathy M.E, Ph.D.,
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Client-Server Computing
• Disadvantages
Dependability on Server:-
• If one or two servers fails, any operation and valuable services get stopped.
• High Client request and high services availability can cause network congestion.
• Cost of implementing client server computing is always higher than the anticipated
cost.
• Client server computing do not uses any special client software to deal with all issues
of client.
EXAMPLE->Software for load balancing, security distribution of application

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 27-08-2019

Distributed system

• A distributed system is a collection of autonomous hosts that are

connected through a computer network.
• Wikipedia
• There are several autonomous computational entities, each of which has its
own local memory.
• The entities communicate with each other by message passing.
• Operating System Concept
• The processors communicate with one another through various communication
lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines.
• Each processor has its own local memory.

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Distributed system

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Distributed system
• Benefits
• Common properties
• Fault tolerance
• When one or some nodes fails, the whole system can still work fine except performance.
• Need to check the status of each node
• Each node play partial role
• Each computer has only a limited, incomplete view of the system. Each computer may know
only one part of the input.
• Resource sharing
• Each user can share the computing power and storage resource in the system with other users
• Load Sharing
• Dispatching several tasks to each nodes can help share loading to the whole system.
• Easy to expand
• We expect to use few time when adding nodes. Hope to spend no time if possible.

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