Motor Learning and Motor Performance

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Jeremiah C.

Talento

Learning - the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, study, or by being taught.
MOTOR LEARNING
Learning, whether it involves teaching mathematics, science, or English in the classroom,
or teaching motor skill and performance on the field of play (e.g., weight room, ice rink, tennis
court, soccer field, basketball court, diving well, swimming pool, baseball or softball field) is about
one thing: change. Motor learning can be defined as "the changes, associated with practice or
experience, in internal processes that determine a person's capability for producing a motor
skill" (Schmidt & Wrisberg, 2008, p. 11). One could add to the end of this definition the words
that “persist over time." Change that is impermanent is not really change. For example, athletes
who make a change one day but resort to the same familiar bad habit the next day have not really
made a change; therefore, real learning has not occurred.

The goal of the effective and successful coach is to facilitate lasting changes within
athletes. Basketball coaches want their players to become better defenders, protect the ball, and
perceive and exploit defensive miscues. Strength coaches want their athletes to improve lifting
techniques, break through limiting self-expectations, and fatigue. Hockey coaches want their
athletes to learn better skating technique, improve puck control, and quicken recognition and
response time for defensive and offensive setups. Swimming coaches want their athletes to change
their stroke techniques and learn mental strategies for dealing with fatigue and pain. Baseball and
softball coaches want their athletes to learn better pitch recognition and swing technique and
improve reaction time to pitches, hits, and steals. All of these goals demand the same thing: change
in athlete behaviors, which is part of motor learning

MOTOR PERFORMANCE

Motor performance is the external and therefore observable attempt by an individual to


produce a voluntary action that is susceptible to influences such as motivation, attentional focus,
fatigue, and physical condition (Schmidt & Wrisberg, 2008). Motor performance is the external
manifestation of an athlete's internal process for motor learning. An athlete can't learn a motor task
without performance attempts or practice. The performance may vary due to influencing factors,
but through practice the athlete's capabilities for producing the action improve. This improvement
is assumed to be motor learning. Motor learning is certainly occurring when relatively stable
repetitions of proficient performance occur, especially if they occur under different sets of
circumstances (Schmidt & Wrisberg, 2008)

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